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To mark the fortieth anniversary of the tragic death of Catherine Kitty Genovese on March 13, 1964 in New York City, a public forum hosted by Fordham University brought together an interdisciplinary group of experts to look back on this... more
To mark the fortieth anniversary of the tragic death of Catherine Kitty Genovese on March 13, 1964 in New York City, a public forum hosted by Fordham University brought together an interdisciplinary group of experts to look back on this sad event. What follows is a ...
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The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between psychological mindedness and... more
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between psychological mindedness and clients' expectations about counselling. A cross-sectional design was employed to assess correlations among study variables. Participants were 104 counselling-centre clients at a mid-size, Southwestern US university. Participant volunteers filled out the Psychological Mindedness Scale, life orientation test-revised (LOT-R), and the expectations-about-counselling questionnaire. Clients who reported higher levels of psychological mindedness (PM) reported greater expectations of self-involvement in counselling and greater expectations of positive outcome. In contrast, PM was not significantly related to clients' expectations about their counsellors' in-session behaviour or to expectations about their counsellors' general personality style. Dispositional optimism (LOT-R) did not play a major role in the relationship between PM and expectations about counselling. High PM clients do seem to expect more from counselling than low PM clients, particularly in terms of self-involvement in the process and with respect to positive outcome. Consequently, therapists should consider assessing clients' PM, expectations, and the relationship between PM and expectations.
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Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Personality, Individuality, Cognition, and 15 moreCulture, Adolescent, Self Efficacy, Humans, Personality Assessment Inventory, Female, Male, Scheme, Awareness, Self Evaluation, Schema, Adult, Psychology Psychotherapy, Cross Sectional Studies, and Personality Inventory
In a sample of 99 undergraduates, religiosity and psychoticism scores were negatively associated (r = -.34).
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The primary aim of this study was to promote an empirically-based dialogue between Western psychology and Buddhism. To this end, we explored one type of Western psychology (Humanistic Psychology, based on Rogers and Maslow) and one type... more
The primary aim of this study was to promote an empirically-based dialogue between Western psychology and Buddhism. To this end, we explored one type of Western psychology (Humanistic Psychology, based on Rogers and Maslow) and one type of Buddhist tradition (a Westernized interpretation of Theravada). Even more specifically, we explored the empirical relationship between mindfulness and self-actualization (SA), exemplars of each discipline. A cross-sectional design was employed to assess correlations among study variables. Participants were 204 students attending midsize Eastern (Fordham) or Western (Boise State) US universities. Participants completed general measures of mindfulness (Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)) and SA (Short Index of Self-Actualization (SISA)). They also filled out multifaceted measures of each construct: the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS) and the Brief Index of Self-Actualization – Revised (BISA-R). A demographic form was also administered. While mindfulness and SA were not associated with the demographic variables of age, gender, or ethnicity/race, they were associated with one another in various ways. The findings indicate similarities and differences between the two constructs. This study provides evidence for empirical links between mindfulness and SA, suggesting points of contact between Buddhist and humanistic psychologies more generally. Specifically, these findings provide an empirical starting point for increased cross-fertilization between these two traditions.
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Research Interests: Psychology, Psychometrics, Personality Assessment, Personality Disorders, Humans, and 13 morePersonality Assessment Inventory, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Questionnaires, Methadone, Adult, Reproducibility of Results, Iowa, Predictive value of tests, Personality Inventory, Opiate substitution treatment, and mass Screening
Three hundred seventy inpatient and outpatient substance abusers were divided according to presence and subtype of antisocial personality disorder (APD) into groups comparing: a) adult antisocial behavior (AAB) versus full APD; b) APD... more
Three hundred seventy inpatient and outpatient substance abusers were divided according to presence and subtype of antisocial personality disorder (APD) into groups comparing: a) adult antisocial behavior (AAB) versus full APD; b) APD with low versus high sociopathy; c) APD with versus without lifetime depression; and d) APD with versus without other axis II disorders. Multivariate regression was used to predict the unique contribution to the variance in baseline and 12-month follow-up measures of substance use, psychiatric severity, and personality. The presence of comorbid axis II pathology was the strongest predictor of baseline severity in all three domains. APD substance abusers with lifetime depression exhibited greater baseline to follow-up reductions in psychiatric severity than those APD substance abusers without a history of depression. All APD subtypes improved over time with treatment, suggesting that this diagnosis does not necessarily indicate poor prognosis.
Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Psychometrics, Medicine, Comorbidity, and 15 moreProbability, Multivariate Analysis, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Humans, Hospitalization, Depressive Disorder, Mental Disorders, Clinical Sciences, Adult, Reproducibility of Results, Chi Square Distribution, Ambulatory Care, Severity of Illness Index, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, and Personality Inventory(Probability, Multivariate Analysis, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Humans, Hospitalization, Depressive Disorder, Mental Disorders, Clinical Sciences, Adult, Reproducibility of Results, Chi Square Distribution, Ambulatory Care, Severity of Illness Index, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, and Personality Inventory)
(Probability, Multivariate Analysis, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Humans, Hospitalization, Depressive Disorder, Mental Disorders, Clinical Sciences, Adult, Reproducibility of Results, Chi Square Distribution, Ambulatory Care, Severity of Illness Index, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, and Personality Inventory)
... Miedema says that the goal of James's philosophy is to redeem religion from unwholesome privacy and to give it ... Critics of both Kohlberg and James, such as Jurgen Habermas (1982a) and CharlesTaylor (2002), argue that a... more
... Miedema says that the goal of James's philosophy is to redeem religion from unwholesome privacy and to give it ... Critics of both Kohlberg and James, such as Jurgen Habermas (1982a) and CharlesTaylor (2002), argue that a social basis is necessary for moral action. ...
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Research Interests: Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Cognitive Science, Psychometrics, Personality, and 15 moreCognition, Personality Assessment, Comparative Study, Medicine, Cognitive Style, Humans, Locus of Control, Female, Male, Attitude, Interpersonal Relations, Adult, Exploratory Behavior, Personality Tests, and interpersonal relation
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The relationship between the nonspecific factors of therapeutic alliance and motivation with outcome has been demonstrated across treatment modalities, and specifically in the treatment of alcohol dependence. The present study was... more
The relationship between the nonspecific factors of therapeutic alliance and motivation with outcome has been demonstrated across treatment modalities, and specifically in the treatment of alcohol dependence. The present study was designed to evaluate the association of these factors with treatment outcome in a preliminary sample of problem drinking men-who-have-sex-with-men and engage in unsafe sex. It hypothesized a positive association between therapeutic alliance and percentage of session attendance; and positive associations between three self reported motivational statements for alcohol, unsafe sex, and session attendance. Fifty-five participants enrolled in a clinical trial to reduce alcohol intake and unsafe sex were included in the study. Contrary to expectations, a positive association was not found between alliance and outcome. Among the motivational statements, only the readiness to change for alcohol was correlated with outcome. The stability of self efficacy and risk a...
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The predictive validity of instruments commonly used to measure the therapeutic alliance was evaluated, using 46 sessions drawn from a clinical trial comparing manual-guided therapies for substance use. The California Psychotherapy... more
The predictive validity of instruments commonly used to measure the therapeutic alliance was evaluated, using 46 sessions drawn from a clinical trial comparing manual-guided therapies for substance use. The California Psychotherapy Alliance Scale, Penn Helping Alliance Rating Scale, Vanderbilt Therapeutic Alliance Scale, and Working Alliance Inventory (Observer, Therapist, and Client versions) were rated for participants receiving either cognitive-behavioral therapy or twelve-step facilitation. All observer-rated instruments were significantly correlated with outcome; however, therapist-rated and client-rated instruments did not predict outcome. Findings suggest that the different observer-rated instruments are minimally different with respect to predictive validity, whereas patient- and therapist-rated measures may have a weaker relationship to outcome when highly objective outcome measures are used.
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Research Interests: Treatment Outcome, Memory, Humans, Female, Male, and 3 moreFollow-up studies, Eye Movements, and Adult
Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Personality, Individuality, Cognition, and 18 moreCulture, Adolescent, Self Efficacy, Students, Humans, Personality Assessment Inventory, Female, Male, Young Adult, Scheme, Social Environment, Awareness, Social Adjustment, Self Evaluation, Schema, Adult, Psychology Psychotherapy, and Cross Sectional Studies
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ABSTRACT This study enhances research on spirituality in higher education by confirming the factor structure of the Faculty Spirituality Questionnaire, a student-rated measure of faculty spirituality, and its theoretical ties with... more
ABSTRACT This study enhances research on spirituality in higher education by confirming the factor structure of the Faculty Spirituality Questionnaire, a student-rated measure of faculty spirituality, and its theoretical ties with student-centered pedagogy. The measure assesses major aspects of faculty spirituality consistent with positive psychology and results support a significant relationship between explicit references to God in the classroom with a student-centered teaching style.
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This study explored the relationships between object representations of mother and father and recovery among outpatients with psychotic disorders, and examined the role of attachment to God in moderating those relationships. A total of 46... more
This study explored the relationships between object representations of mother and father and recovery among outpatients with psychotic disorders, and examined the role of attachment to God in moderating those relationships. A total of 46 outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder participated. Benevolent representations of mother and father were associated with recovery whereas punitive representations were negatively associated with
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We evaluated the association of Structure Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis II (SCID-II) severity and personality traits, early maladaptive schemas, and presenting symptoms in 41 methadone-maintained patients meeting criteria for... more
We evaluated the association of Structure Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis II (SCID-II) severity and personality traits, early maladaptive schemas, and presenting symptoms in 41 methadone-maintained patients meeting criteria for either antisocial, borderline, avoidant, or depressive personality disorder. Correlational analyses indicated that the severity of each personality disorder was associated with a unique profile of presenting problems and underlying traits and schemas. The evaluation of multiple psychological indicators appears to be a useful method for case conceptualization and planning interventions within a promising individual therapy model that focuses both on substance abuse and psychiatric symptoms and maladaptive schemas and coping styles.
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Meta-analysis of studies assessing the relation between interpersonal dependency test scores and five-factor model (FFM) domain scores revealed that dependency scores are positively correlated with FFM Neuroticism and Agreeableness scores... more
Meta-analysis of studies assessing the relation between interpersonal dependency test scores and five-factor model (FFM) domain scores revealed that dependency scores are positively correlated with FFM Neuroticism and Agreeableness scores and negatively correlated with FFM Extraversion, Openness, and Conscientiousness scores. The magnitudes of these correlations were all in the small-to-moderate range, and comparable score intercorrelations were obtained when participants' dependency levels were assessed by means of a trait dependency questionnaire, dependent personality disorder questionnaire, or dependent personality disorder interview. These findings have implications for researchers' efforts to deconstruct dependency into its basic trait elements and for the dimensional approaches to personality disorders being considered for future versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
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Theorists speculate that dependent personality disorder (DPD) and histrionic personality disorder (HPD) are both associated with high levels of implicit (i.e., unconscious) dependency needs but speculate that only DPD is associated with... more
Theorists speculate that dependent personality disorder (DPD) and histrionic personality disorder (HPD) are both associated with high levels of implicit (i.e., unconscious) dependency needs but speculate that only DPD is associated with high levels of self-attributed (i.e., conscious) dependency needs. To test this hypothesis, 444 undergraduates (236 women and 208 men) completed the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised (PDQ-R), along with widely used measures of implicit dependency needs (the Rorschach Oral Dependency Scale; ROD), and self-attributed dependency needs (the Interpersonal Dependency Inventory; IDI). Correlational analyses and comparisons of IDI and ROD scores in participants scoring above and below the PDQ-R DPD and HPD thresholds supported theorists' speculations regarding implicit and self-attributed dependency needs in DPD and HPD. Implications of these results are discussed, and suggestions for future studies are offered.
Research Interests: Sex, Personality Assessment, Adolescent, Dependent Personality Disorder, Motivation, and 13 moreHumans, Personality Assessment Inventory, Female, Male, Attribution, Attitude, Self Evaluation, Self Concept, Adult, Sex Factors, Psychological Theory, Histrionic Personality Disorder, and Case Control Studies
A group of 100 alcoholic outpatient men were compared to 100 control participants, matched for race, age, and occupational status on 15 scales of the Karp Objective Word Association Test. Consistent with 2 of the 3 specific hypotheses of... more
A group of 100 alcoholic outpatient men were compared to 100 control participants, matched for race, age, and occupational status on 15 scales of the Karp Objective Word Association Test. Consistent with 2 of the 3 specific hypotheses of this study, a one-way multivariate analysis of variance found significant differences between the groups, with alcoholics offering more rejections (nonresponses) and more hostile associations than controls. Unexpectedly, alcoholics offered more synonyms than controls, congruent with a more positive diagnostic picture.
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Research Interests: Psychology, Family Therapy, Behavior Modification, Trust, Treatment, and 21 moreTreatment Outcome, Consulting, Adolescent, Comorbidity, Drug Use, Humans, Substance Abuse, Family Counseling, Female, Cognitive Therapy, Male, Cognitive behavior therapy, Follow-up studies, Mental Disorders, Theory and Practice, Rating Scales, Outcomes Research, Behavior Problems, Psychological Theory, Substance-Related Disorders, and Cognitive restructuring(Treatment Outcome, Consulting, Adolescent, Comorbidity, Drug Use, Humans, Substance Abuse, Family Counseling, Female, Cognitive Therapy, Male, Cognitive behavior therapy, Follow-up studies, Mental Disorders, Theory and Practice, Rating Scales, Outcomes Research, Behavior Problems, Psychological Theory, Substance-Related Disorders, and Cognitive restructuring)
(Treatment Outcome, Consulting, Adolescent, Comorbidity, Drug Use, Humans, Substance Abuse, Family Counseling, Female, Cognitive Therapy, Male, Cognitive behavior therapy, Follow-up studies, Mental Disorders, Theory and Practice, Rating Scales, Outcomes Research, Behavior Problems, Psychological Theory, Substance-Related Disorders, and Cognitive restructuring)
The present study attempts to validate earlier findings of a positive relationship between the severity of alexithymia and symptoms of affect pathology among alcoholics. One hundred adult male outpatient alcoholics were given instruments... more
The present study attempts to validate earlier findings of a positive relationship between the severity of alexithymia and symptoms of affect pathology among alcoholics. One hundred adult male outpatient alcoholics were given instruments to assess alexithymia and symptoms of affect pathology. Controlling for alcoholism severity, Pearson Product Moment Correlations demonstrated that the severity of alexithymia was significantly correlated with dysphoria and affect intolerance, as well as with certain interpersonal difficulties resulting from these affective disturbances. Such findings support the usefulness of the alexithymia construct in the understanding and treatment of affect pathology and its consequences among alcoholics.
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Research Interests: Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Cognitive Science, Psychometrics, Personality, and 19 moreCognition, Social Interaction, Personality Assessment, Risk Taking, Comparative Study, Cognitive Style, Students, Thinking, Humans, Locus of Control, Female, Male, Self Disclosure, Attitude, Interpersonal Relations, Adult, Self psychology, Exploratory Behavior, and Personality Tests
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... John J. Cecero, Darren R. Bedrosian, and Armando Fuentes Fordham University ... spiritual well-being has been defined, operationalized, and validated in the literature as a sense of well-being in relation to God and a sense of life... more
... John J. Cecero, Darren R. Bedrosian, and Armando Fuentes Fordham University ... spiritual well-being has been defined, operationalized, and validated in the literature as a sense of well-being in relation to God and a sense of life purpose and satisfaction (Ellison, 1983; Moberg ...