Daniel Hissel

Electric vehicle (EV) technologies are a strategic part of research and development in the automotive industry. Among the various kinds of EV prototypes presented by the car manufacturers, fuel cell powered electrical vehicles seem to be a very promising solution. When talking about EV design, a simulation model of the whole fuel cell system is a binding milestone. This would

ABSTRACT Proton exchange membranes are one of the most promising fuel cell technologies for transportation applications. Considering this aim, a simulation model of the whole fuel cell system is a binding milestone. This would lead in the optimization possibility of the complete vehicle (including auxiliaries, output electrical converter and their control laws). So a "minimal behavioral model" of a fuel cell system, able to evaluate the output variables and their variations, is presented in this paper. In a fuel cell system, electrical quantities are dependent both on the fuel cell power level and also on the auxiliaries and gases used. Artificial neural networks are here used to model the whole system. To carry out an efficient model, it is necessary to identify the number and the nature of input and output parameters. The proposed model is implemented on Matlab/Simulink® software and will be integrated in a complete vehicle powertrain. Thus, it is possible to carry out the development and the simulation of the command laws intended to manage the energy transfers aboard fuel cell vehicle.

... ( )(* ) tyty t − = ε (13) │ │ │ ⎠ r j tjHjW ty 1 )(2.3 )( σ (14) │ │ │ ⎠ r j tjHjW ty 1 )(2.3 ' )(' σ (15) where σ' is the first derivate of the activation function evaluated at time t ∑ = ∂ = h t jW ty ty t jW E 1 3 )( . )( 2 2 1 3 ∂ ∂ ∂ ε ∂ ∂ (16) ...

... 2 : Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S). UMR8506 CNRS – SUPELEC – Univ Paris-Sud. Équipe de recherche : [COCODI - Equipe Conception, Commande et Diagnostic]. hal-00447255, version 1. http://hal-supelec.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00447255. ...

A battery electric vehicle (BEV) is a widely used type of electric vehicle (EV) that uses chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs. BEVs are becoming more attractive with the advancement of new battery technology that has higher power and energy density and allowing matching the requested autonomy and vehicle dynamics. BEV batteries are recharged on board vehicles using either

ABSTRACT This paper presents a novel method for the estimation of the lead-acid battery initial state of charge (SOC) using the battery impedance measurement. The initial SOC is a crucial value used in the commonly used Coulomb counter. An experimental test bench for battery characterization and impedance measurement is built using CompactRio and Labview software. A very simple electrical circuit is proposed and designed allowing the determination of the initial SOC. Mathematical formulas are derived allowing obtaining a good estimation of the initial SOC. The simulation results are validated experimentally.

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a combination of two power sources: one unidirectional power source based on an internal combustion engine (ICE) (gasoline or diesel fueled), and the other bidirectional based on batteries or electric energy storage subsystem, plus electric machines (EMs). No matter how these two power sources are combined, a hybrid vehicle has the same basic energy

The objective of this paper is to propose a model to develop control laws and energy management of a fuel cell system and of a fuel cell vehicle. Water phenomena into the device have a great influence on the stack efficiency and on faulty conditions. Henceforth the gas supply model must be able to work with a multi-species gas mix

This paper presents power sources models for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). These models are designed in order to be integrated in a complete HEV simulation. Moreover, the final objective of this simulation is to study two control levels: the local control of each subsystems and the energy management of the entire system. Consequently, a multi-physics control oriented formalism is used:

This paper completes the set of pre-established settings for PID-like fuzzy logic controllers obtained at the Laboratoire d'Electrotechnique et d'Electronique Industrielle. These settings are based on just one open-loop experimental response such as Ziegler-Nichols or Broida methods for conventional controllers and lead to very powerful industrial tuning of fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) for nonevolutive and open-loop stable systems. Until now,

ABSTRACT By detecting and identifying degradation mechanisms, diagnostic tools are essential in avoiding premature ageing of PEM Fuel Cells. Indeed, the diagnosis of hazardous situations ensures the optimal management of operating conditions. This paper proposes several guidelines for choosing, designing and applying diagnostic tools for PEMFCs, focussing on developing objective criteria allowing an actual validation of the results. At the conceptual stage, methods to ensure the database representativeness of different degrees of flooding and drying, two typical faults in the PEM fuel cell, are discussed, and simple equations are given to estimate the relative humidity in the stack under applied operating condition. After the diagnostic tool has been realised, indicators to evaluate fault diagnosis performances are proposed. Implementation ability may be evaluated by cost criteria, which include equipment, consumed energy and consumed time. This paper demonstrates that a practical comparison of diagnosis methods is possible and provides new perspectives for establishing a benchmark in the diagnosis of fuel cells.

... 1, ZHANG Jing-he,ZHANG Shun-guo,ZHAO Hai-xiao,HE Yuan-xin,DONG Shen(Center for Precision Engineering,School of Mechatronic Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China);Structure design and test for guide unloading system of large ultra ...

ABSTRACT Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal powers, and so on have attracted much attention as alternative sources to fossil fuels, without toxins and pollutants. For this reason, these energy sources have come to be known as clean energy. Currently, clean energies are not as popular as it can be expected because of their manufacturing cost. Although clean energy technologies are still under development, they are expected to play a prominent role in the achievement of world energy security and the realization of a sustainable society. Furthermore, clean energy technologies can provide opportunities for reducing greenhouse gases. To realize a sustainable society through efforts to protect the environment, it is necessary to increase the amount of clean energy as a proportion of total global energy consumption. Therefore, it is a pressing need to develop outstanding clean energy technology In this paper, two hybrid structures for street lighting using renewable energies are modelled and controlled using passivity-base control. The energy management of the system is addressed. Experimental results are presented.

ABSTRACT To realize the commercialization of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, durability and reliability remain big challenges. This paper aims to develop a fault detection, identification and analysis methodology based on a commercial fuel cell system. Effect of air stoichiometry is studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Relevant faults are: oxygen starvation, water flooding and drying. Based on the EIS measurements, a non-model based methodology is proposed consisting of four parts: feature extraction based on the spectra, feature selection, fuzzy clustering and fault analysis. Validity of the proposed diagnostic methodology is verified experimentally.

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... To reach this aim, accurate modeling is a milestone. The fuel cell generator is of course a key point of the power train. ... This presentation allows implementing it very easily in software dedicated to the simulation of electrical circuits. ...

Modeling proton exchange membrane fuel cell is an important step in the development of electrical vehicle. Different strategies can be considered to reach this aim. This paper shows that among these strategies artificial neural networks (ANN) are a very efficient tool. Moreover, noticeable changes of fuel cell performances occur with ageing. ANN is a powerful tool to account for this

ABSTRACT This paper studies the prediction of the output voltage reduction caused by degradation during nominal operating condition of a PEM fuel cell stack. It proposes a methodology based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) which use as input the measures of the fuel cell output voltage during operation. The paper presents the architecture of the ANFIS and studies the selection of its parameters. As the output voltage cannot be represented as a periodical signal, the paper proposes to predict its temporal variation which is then used to construct the prediction of the output voltage. The paper also proposes to split this signal in two components: normal operation and external perturbations. The second component cannot be predicted and then it is not used to train the ANFIS. The performance of the prediction is evaluated on the output voltage of two fuel cells during a long term operation (1000 h). Validation results suggest that the proposed technique is well adapted to predict degradation in fuel cell systems.

ABSTRACT Hybridization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and ultra capacitors (UC) are considered as an alternative way to implement high autonomy, high dynamic, and reversible energy sources. PEMFC allow high efficiency and high autonomy, however their dynamic response is limited and this source does not allow recovering energy. UC appears to be a complementary source to fuel cell systems (FCS) due to their high power density, fast dynamics, and reversibility. A direct hybridization of these sources could allow reducing the number of power converters and then the total cost of the hybridized system. Simulations show the behavior of the hybrid source when the fuel cell and ultra capacitors are interconnected and the natural energy management when a charge is connected. The results show that the magnitude of the transient current supplied by the fuel cell to charge the UC can be much higher than its nominal value. An experimental setup is implemented to study the effects of these high currents in a PEMFC. This is done by imposing a controlled short-circuit between the electrodes. The PEMFC degradation is quantified by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

ABSTRACT This paper presents the implementation of an 80 kW-fuel cell system in a heavy duty vehicle and the development of its control strategy with real-time simulation. The considered hybrid vehicle is here a heavy-duty mobile test bench nicknamed ECCE. The paper is organized in the following manner. First, the SPACT-80 program (80 kW fuel cell systems for transportation applications) supported by the French ANR agency and the ECCE test bench are presented. Then the paper will present the integration of this Fuel Cell System (FCS) in ECCE. The paper will finally report the development of the control management program of the vehicle with real time simulations.

This paper is the second paper dealing with the evaluation of different power sources and hybridization strategies in a heavy-duty vehicle. It focuses on the physical integration of a fuel cell system (FCS) into the vehicle as well as the preliminary experimental results obtained with the FCS coupled to batteries. The vehicle considered here is a mobile research platform (ECCE)

The design of experiment (DoE) technique and one of its aspects, the dual response surface (DRS) method, are employed to analyze the results of an ageing test performed during 1000 hours on a PEM fuel cell stack made up of three cells. The response surfaces are plotted thanks to load current - fuel cell voltage curves recorded at regular time-spaced

A New High Voltage Impedance Spectrometer for the Diagnostics of Fuel Cell Stacks. [Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 8, 024502 (2011)]. Sébastien Wasterlain, Fabien Harel, Denis Candusso, Daniel Hissel, Xavier François. Abstract. ...

This paper presents the energetic macroscopic representation (EMR) of a multiple architecture heavy duty hybrid vehicle. The vehicle is a mobile test bench for an ldquoElectrical Chain Components Evaluationrdquo (ECCE). The aims of this paper are: 1) To develop the different energetic macroscopic representations of the vehicle, 2) To present different energetic configurations using the available power and energy sources

This document introduces the control structure development for the fuel processing unit of a pressurized, low temperature fuel cell system fed by commercial diesel. The control structure is developed using an inversion based method derived from the causal, graphic modeling approach called energetic macroscopic representation. Its inversion leads to the maximum control structure. It has been applied to the fuel

ABSTRACT This paper deals with the efficiency enhancement of the hybrid Photovoltaic-Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyser (PV-PEM ELS) system. The electrolyser water temperature has been controlled to improve its efficiency. The system consists of 59 kW PEM electrolyser supplied by a PV generator through a boost converter for H2 production. The PV panels were sized to 74 kW of Belfort region. The PV panel characteristics were experimentally validated. The effect of temperature and irradiance on the PV characteristics (output power, voltage and efficiency) is shown. The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) approach was proposed for maximizing the energy captured by the PV panels. The water heat transfer between both the PV panels and the PEM ELS using a water pump has been considered to provide the necessary temperature. Water heating inside the PEM ELS was controlled using Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) technique. As the produced H2 flow is dependent on the input water heating, the instantaneous reference PEM ELS input water temperature was determined using FLC. The optimal input water temperature was determined in order to maximize H2 production considering the physical constraints, especially the temperature limitation to avoid the evaporation. Therefore, the water temperature was optimally controlled to its instantaneous reference value by the Proportional-Integral (PI) control. The produced H2 flow would expand if the input water was heated. The effectiveness of the proposed FLC methodology towards improving the hybrid PV-PEM ELS system efficiency was verified through the maximization of both the PEM ELS produced H2 flow and the PV captured energy.