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The papers in this volume cover topics in the field of geoengineering in arid lands. Topics include: coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in geomechanics; sediment formation in marine environment; soil stability and stabilization... more
The papers in this volume cover topics in the field of geoengineering in arid lands. Topics include: coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in geomechanics; sediment formation in marine environment; soil stability and stabilization techniques; and unsaturated soil behaviour and modelling.
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This chapter discusses the electric and electromagnetic methods that are used to evaluate the electrical properties of soils. Electric techniques exploit the flow of a steady-state current in the subsurface, while electromagnetic methods... more
This chapter discusses the electric and electromagnetic methods that are used to evaluate the electrical properties of soils. Electric techniques exploit the flow of a steady-state current in the subsurface, while electromagnetic methods rely on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction and the wave character of the electromagnetic field.
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This chapter addresses the hydraulic properties of soils, which are primarily expressed through the concept of the hydraulic conductivity parameter in Darcy's law. In that respect, it is a companion to Chapter 5 of this book, which... more
This chapter addresses the hydraulic properties of soils, which are primarily expressed through the concept of the hydraulic conductivity parameter in Darcy's law. In that respect, it is a companion to Chapter 5 of this book, which provides the background for the material discussed here. Initially, different models to estimate the hydraulic conductivity are presented, followed by laboratory methods of its estimation. The scale effect is particularly emphasized, the discrepancy that has been observed between laboratory and field estimates of hydraulic conductivity, which may range over several orders of magnitude. Field tests, through the pumping of wells in aquifers, are extensively presented. Steady-state solutions are initially discussed, followed subsequently by methods to assess the hydraulic parameters when the test, as is in most cases, has not reached equilibrium flow conditions. Transient radial flow to a well in a confined aquifer is presented through the Theis and the ...
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Microbial assisted biosynthesis of nanoparticles is a rapidly progressing area of nanobiotechnology. Inthis paper Stachybotrys chartarum assisted extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is reportedwhen challenged with 1mM... more
Microbial assisted biosynthesis of nanoparticles is a rapidly progressing area of nanobiotechnology. Inthis paper Stachybotrys chartarum assisted extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is reportedwhen challenged with 1mM silver nitrate (AgNO3). The characterization of AgNPs was carried out visualobservation and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Further analysis carried out by Fourier Transform InfraredSpectroscopy (FTIR), provides evidence for the presence of proteins as capping agent, which helps in increasingthe stability of the synthesized AgNPs. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) investigations confi rmedthat AgNPs were formed. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were found in the range of 65-108 nm. Finally,the antimicrobial susceptibility of AgNPs synthesized was investigated which exhibited more potent activityagainst bacteria than fungi compared with using silver nitrate at concentration 1mM. Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Stachybotrys chartarum, Silver nano...
Simple and sensitive method has been developed and validated for determination of ethambutol (EMB), isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZA) and rifampicin (RIF) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method is based on measuring the... more
Simple and sensitive method has been developed and validated for determination of ethambutol (EMB), isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZA) and rifampicin (RIF) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method is based on measuring the quenching effect of studied drugs on the fluorescence intensity of NBS-phenothiazine oxidation product (NBS-Phz) in a buffered medium (pH 7, λex 271 and λem 375 nm). Different factors affecting the reaction were studied and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9995-0.9999) were obtained. The limits of detection were 0.139, 6.39 x 10-3, 0.029 and 0.180 μg ml-1 for EMB, INH, PZA and RIF respectively. The precision of the method was satisfactory with relative standard deviation less than 2 %. Good accuracy was assessed with recovery percentages ranged from 97.24 to 101.2 %. The results were favorably compared with those of the official method. Therefore, the developed method provides applicable tool for determination of studied drugs in pure, pharmaceutical formulation and in quality control laboratories.
Les restrictions sont liees par quatre caracteres communs ils sont d'abord d'ordre exceptionnel, ils sont egalement d'ordre public. Ces deux caracteres sont bien connus et reconnus ainsi que leurs consequences juridiques. Mais... more
Les restrictions sont liees par quatre caracteres communs ils sont d'abord d'ordre exceptionnel, ils sont egalement d'ordre public. Ces deux caracteres sont bien connus et reconnus ainsi que leurs consequences juridiques. Mais les restrictions sont aussi d'ordre general, c'est-a-dire s'imposent a toute partie poursuivante. Ces trois caracteres unificateurs ne sont pas cependant distinctifs des restrictions a l'egard des systemes voisins tels que l'immunite, l'excuse absolutoire et les causes distinctives de l'action publique. C'est leur caractere suspensif qui parait distinctif des restrictions vis-a-vis de ces systemes voisins. Les restrictions constituent donc une seule famille. Le fait que l'institution comprend des restrictions de fond et d'autres de forme, ne devrait pas compromettre cette unite. En effet, les consequences juridiques de cette distinction sont ou bien sans importance ou bien inadmissibles. En revanche, cette meme distinction aurait une importance dans l'appreciation de l'institution. On ne pourrait pas juger de la meme maniere les restrictions qui sont susceptibles de compromettre la repression et celles qui ne le sont pas. La justification theorique de l'institution est d'emblee defendable, tout autre est la protection effective des interets envisages. La philosophie finale de l'institution est la meme: traiter des situations que ni le legislateur ni le ministere public ne pourrait prejuger. A cette philosophie finale s'attache le caractere suspensif des restrictions qui marque le mecanisme qui fonctionne, lui, autour du droit d'instriction. L'etude du domaine d'application des restrictions montre une certaine incoherence dans la politique legislative, qui commande une revision generale.
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An effective production system cannot function without the support of an efficient maintenance system to optimally utilise the equipment and plant. Scheduling of preventive maintenance activities that are based on time is one of the most... more
An effective production system cannot function without the support of an efficient maintenance system to optimally utilise the equipment and plant. Scheduling of preventive maintenance activities that are based on time is one of the most critical elements that are facing the maintenance department within any petroleum companies. The challenging aspect of the optimisation of preventive maintenance activities is to achieve a high performance in terms of operational availability, reliability, production stability and integrity of assets within the production line and decreasing the overall expenses of maintenance activities. A cost optimisation mathematical model is developed to manage the activities of scheduling of preventive maintenance at the minimum possible cost without compromising the utilisation of equipment's performance. The proposed mathematical model is designed to include the majority of the applicable costs within the maintenance department at the petroleum companies...
A simple, selective salting out and stability-indicating thin layer chromatographic (SOTLC) technique was developed for determination of two antidiabetic drugs; glimepiride and metformin HCl in pure and in tablets as a binary mixture.... more
A simple, selective salting out and stability-indicating thin layer chromatographic (SOTLC) technique was developed for determination of two antidiabetic drugs; glimepiride and metformin HCl in pure and in tablets as a binary mixture. Separation was performed on silica gel 60 F254 plates using aqueous ammonium sulfate and acetonitrile (7:3, v/v) as a mobile phase. The Rf values were 0.26 ± 0.02 and 0.73 ± 0.02 for glimepiride and metformin HCl, respectively. The separated bands were scanned at λ 237 nm using CAMAG TLC scanner III. The proposed method focusing on study of all the factors that play important role in the mechanism of salting out process. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines and complied with USP31-NF26 validation guidelines. The correlation coefficients of calibration curves were 0.996 and 0.997 for glimepiride and metformin HCl, respectively, in the concentration range of 60-1,400 ng/band for both drugs. The investigated drugs were also subjec...
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ABSTRACTSeveral series of one dimensional tests were performed to examine the moisture and soil water potential distributions in the buffer material compacted to a dry density of 1.67 Mg/m3 and volumetric water content of 0.28.... more
ABSTRACTSeveral series of one dimensional tests were performed to examine the moisture and soil water potential distributions in the buffer material compacted to a dry density of 1.67 Mg/m3 and volumetric water content of 0.28. Diffusivity parameters were calculated using the measured moisture profiles combined with the finite difference method. Powell’s optimization was used to determine the material parameters.It is experimentally demonstrated that the moisture distribution is highly dependent on the test boundary conditions. When volume change was allowed to take place during infiltration process, the buffer material adsorbs more water than in the case of no volume change. This is attributed to an increase in hydraulic conductivity by one order of magnitude. As the volumetric water content increases soil water diffusivity increases and soil water potential decreases.
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... The government can spend the collected rent in sustaining the water quota per capita (or sustaining the same level of economic efficiency) for next generations. ... Thus negative incentives, like waterrelated prices and taxes, can... more
... The government can spend the collected rent in sustaining the water quota per capita (or sustaining the same level of economic efficiency) for next generations. ... Thus negative incentives, like waterrelated prices and taxes, can pass the scarcity rent from next generations to ...
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... checklist of the alternative WDM measures including technical measures, regulatory instruments, financial incentives, and institutional arrangements. ... mixing drainage water with fresh water, purification plants for potable water... more
... checklist of the alternative WDM measures including technical measures, regulatory instruments, financial incentives, and institutional arrangements. ... mixing drainage water with fresh water, purification plants for potable water treatment, wastewater treatment plants (capacity or ...
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Abstract This study focuses on the development of a methodology for the determination of some in situ parameters for off-road vehicle mobility on sandy soils. The stress field in the vicinity of and at the interface between a wedge and... more
Abstract This study focuses on the development of a methodology for the determination of some in situ parameters for off-road vehicle mobility on sandy soils. The stress field in the vicinity of and at the interface between a wedge and soil was determined by solving the stress equations using the method of characteristics. The governing equations were solved numerically by using backward finite difference method. The proposed method allows the prediction of any two of the in situ soil parameters δ, φ, and γ (respectively, the interfacial friction angle between the material of a wedge penetrometer and the soil, the internal friction angle, and the unit weight of the soil), given the value of any one of them and the results of penetration tests of two different apex angle wedges. The predictions and the measured values are in agreement.
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Tissues from four local recurrences of a palatal tumor and regional lymph node metastases were studied by light microscopy while ultrastructural observations were made on the most recent tumor. The tumor was composed of solid sheets,... more
Tissues from four local recurrences of a palatal tumor and regional lymph node metastases were studied by light microscopy while ultrastructural observations were made on the most recent tumor. The tumor was composed of solid sheets, clumps, and small nests of polyhedral epithelial cells with well-defined cell boundaries, clear cytoplasm, and cellular pleomorphism. Histochemical stains indicated the presence of abundant intracellular glycogen deposits in all tumor specimens examined. Ultrastructural observations revealed solid sheets of epithelial cells which lacked both surrounding basement lamina and ductal arrangements. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells was filled with beta glycogen deposits and contained scattered bundles of tonofilaments and scant organelles. The transition between the glycogen-rich tumor cells and surface epithelium showed intervening cells which contained diffusely dispersed ribosomes and small amounts of glycogen. The tumor probably originated from surface epithelium.
Research Interests: Pathology, Dentistry, Biology, Oral pathology, Medicine, and 10 moreHumans, Female, Ultrastructure, Aged, Cell nucleus, Palate, Epithelium, Epithelial cells, Glycogen, and Adenocarcinoma(Humans, Female, Ultrastructure, Aged, Cell nucleus, Palate, Epithelium, Epithelial cells, Glycogen, and Adenocarcinoma)
(Humans, Female, Ultrastructure, Aged, Cell nucleus, Palate, Epithelium, Epithelial cells, Glycogen, and Adenocarcinoma)
. The light and electron microscopic appearances of an atypical calcifying odontogenic mandibular tumor containing “amyloid” arc presented. In a part of the tumor, PAS-reactive hyalin eosinophilic material which showed green dichroism by... more
. The light and electron microscopic appearances of an atypical calcifying odontogenic mandibular tumor containing “amyloid” arc presented. In a part of the tumor, PAS-reactive hyalin eosinophilic material which showed green dichroism by polarized light after Congo Red staining, and also hematoxylinophilic mineralized portions were found. By electron microscopy the hyalin material revealed a fibrillar structure. The fibrils had a median diameter of 100 A. and were short and curved with some apparent outer modularity. They differed morphologically from other unidentified extracellular and intracellular densely packed fibrils of about 85 A in diameter, from collagen fibers and from a small number of elastic fibers found in the connective tissue. Apparent calcification had occurred in aggregates of the 100 A fibrils to produce- a linear and angulated electron-dense front. Calcification within epithelial cells of the tumor, and calcification in irregular foci around collagen fibers were also found. Quite different histopathological appearances were noted by light microscopy in different parts of the tumor. An anterior region contained numerous islands with large areas of odontogenic epithelium with peripheral ameloblast-like cells and also solid sheets of cuboidal epithelial cells resembling in some ways those of the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor. The upper or posterior region of the tumor contained marked cavernous hemangiomatous elements separated by a loose and often myxoid stroma. Metaplastic cartilage formation had occurred in one part of it. The third molar tooth was located near the coronoid notch. The tumor, although not precisely classified, appeared to be an atypical ameloblastic fibro-odontoma.
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Research Interests: Epidemiology, Saudi Arabia, Adolescent, Medicine, Humans, and 10 moreFemale, Infection, Pneumonia, Male, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Spectrum, Adult, and Age Factors(Female, Infection, Pneumonia, Male, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Spectrum, Adult, and Age Factors)
(Female, Infection, Pneumonia, Male, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Spectrum, Adult, and Age Factors)
Research Interests: Chemistry, Mass Transfer, Environmental Management, Environmental Pollution, Medicine, and 15 moreMultidisciplinary, Air, Grain size, Experimental Study, Contaminated soil, Mathematical Model, Air Temperature, Ambient Temperature, Numerical Model, Non aqueous phase liquid, Chemical Properties, Academic, Environmental, Mass Transfer Coefficient, and Air Velocity
... The winter North windbrings some of the strongest winds and high-est seas to ... it is pumped into the dis-tillate storage system.4. Environmental impact assessment methodologyEnvironmental ... range ofecological assessment, and now... more
... The winter North windbrings some of the strongest winds and high-est seas to ... it is pumped into the dis-tillate storage system.4. Environmental impact assessment methodologyEnvironmental ... range ofecological assessment, and now is required toconsider all aspects affected by ...
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This chapter discusses initially the different pathways (soils, sediments, water, and air) through which contaminants are transported and become available to organisms and people posing health risks. The concept of bioavailability, the... more
This chapter discusses initially the different pathways (soils, sediments, water, and air) through which contaminants are transported and become available to organisms and people posing health risks. The concept of bioavailability, the physical, chemical, and biological processes that define the exposure of plants and animals to chemicals is discussed as it relates to different scientific disciplines. Inorganic and organic contaminants can be retained in soils and sediments, and hence not available to living organisms under variable conditions. The chapter details further the main mechanisms of retention of different classes of chemicals, the conditions under which they can be immobilized or become mobile and travel within the water, and the type of soil material that can react and retain chemicals. The chapter discusses also the ecotoxicological hazard potential of contaminants by detailing their most important physicochemical, fate and effect parameters, and some of the methods to...
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The study involves the introduction of an electrical polarization technique to in situ analysis of subsurface pollutants by measuring and analyzing the variation of soil-pollutant dielectric properties as a function of concentration of... more
The study involves the introduction of an electrical polarization technique to in situ analysis of subsurface pollutants by measuring and analyzing the variation of soil-pollutant dielectric properties as a function of concentration of the pollutant in the soil. The developed system was modeled using transmission line theory, and the electrical parameters were optimized using the electrical circuit simulation software (Circuit Maker™) and the experimental results. Also, a methodology was developed to evaluate soil pore fluid concentrations via the use of two important electrical properties for the medium, which are resistance and capacitance.
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ABSTRACT
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This paper examines vehicle inspection in the United Arab Emirates, comparing mechanical and environmental inspection methods across different inspection centers in the country. Making use of a survey of inspectors, vehicle owners,... more
This paper examines vehicle inspection in the United Arab Emirates, comparing mechanical and environmental inspection methods across different inspection centers in the country. Making use of a survey of inspectors, vehicle owners, experts and port managers, the study reveals significant differences among centers in the various Emirates and within the same Emirate in terms of the standards adhered to and
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Industrial pollution is the major source of global warming through emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG’s) like CO2, CH4, and NO2, causing noticeable increasing in the world’s temperature. Mineral carbonation is a method of carbon capture... more
Industrial pollution is the major source of global warming through emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG’s) like CO2, CH4, and NO2, causing noticeable increasing in the world’s temperature. Mineral carbonation is a method of carbon capture and storage (CCS) through which CO2 is sequestered with advantage of permanent sequestration and no need for post-storage surveillance and monitoring through stabilizing the reactive mineral wastes released from metal industries. This paper applied a simple and an inexpensive hydration process as a pre-treatment step for the carbonation of Ladle Furnace (LF) slag, one of the steel production by-products in UAE, followed by direct gas-solid carbonation in a new designed integrated fluidized bed reactor (FBR). About (10–15)% by weight of produced steel, alkaline solid residues were generated, based on the characteristics of the manufacturing process. The integrated FBR was designed to control the flow rate up to 50 l/min with step accuracy of 0.1 l/min...
The technological, industrial, agricultural, and medical discoveries of the 20th century and their massive application to daily life products have created a historically unprecedented economic prosperity to large segments of the human... more
The technological, industrial, agricultural, and medical discoveries of the 20th century and their massive application to daily life products have created a historically unprecedented economic prosperity to large segments of the human population. The negative by-product of all modern economic activities is the generation of huge volumes of waste. Fertilizers and pesticides that helped trigger the agricultural revolution and the steady supply of food to societies, at the same time have become responsible for the significant deterioration of the environment. Extraction of natural resources, industrial processing, and utilization of those resources have led to serious environmental pollution problems in all phases of their economic life. Thus rock materials, for housing purposes; metals, on which many of our daily products are based on; and petroleum products, which span a wide range of products, from toothpaste to clothing to gasoline have generated, during processing and disposal, po...
Nuclear power plants split uranium atoms in a process called fission. In a nuclear power plant, heat is generated to produce steam that spins a turbine to generate electricity. Nuclear energy has been proposed in response to the need for... more
Nuclear power plants split uranium atoms in a process called fission. In a nuclear power plant, heat is generated to produce steam that spins a turbine to generate electricity. Nuclear energy has been proposed in response to the need for a clean energy source compared to CO2 production plants. However, nuclear energy is not necessarily a source of clean energy as nuclear power plants release small amounts of greenhouse emissions in activities related to building and running the plant. Moreover, even if all safety measures are followed, there is no guarantee that an accident will not occur in a nuclear power plant. In the case of an accident involving a nuclear power plant, the environment and the people around it may be exposed to high levels of radiation. Another important environmental problem related to nuclear energy is the generation of radioactive waste that can remain radioactive and dangerous to human health for thousands of years. There are also several issues with burying ...
This chapter discusses some advanced methods that are used to extract information from electrical signals, and how this could be used to predict soil moisture content. A brief explanation of what is meant by signal and various signal... more
This chapter discusses some advanced methods that are used to extract information from electrical signals, and how this could be used to predict soil moisture content. A brief explanation of what is meant by signal and various signal processing techniques, either by summation of elemental signals (synthesis) or by decomposition into elemental signals (analysis), is discussed. To demonstrate the synthesis methods, pulse and sinusoid signals are applied; whereas, for decomposition analysis, both time domain and frequency domain analyses are discussed. In frequency domain analysis of signals the use of the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and Fourier spectral analysis to predict soil moisture content and salt concentration is demonstrated. Unlike Fourier decomposition, which partitions signals based on harmonic frequencies by using parametric sines and cosines, eigen-decomposition analysis, separates signal components by differences in their power. These methods are applied in several c...
Hazardous waste needs to be carefully managed and disposed of as the material classified under this category can ignite, or explode, or react violently with water, air, and other substances, or corrode the drums that the waste is... more
Hazardous waste needs to be carefully managed and disposed of as the material classified under this category can ignite, or explode, or react violently with water, air, and other substances, or corrode the drums that the waste is transported or temporarily stored in. Some of this material may also be carcinogenic, or toxic to humans or the environment, infectious, or even present the risk of creating mutations. Because of the danger that hazardous wastes pose, environmental management and regulations, in all phases of their life, are very detailed and stringent in most countries. The United States was the first to enact a comprehensive framework of regulations on hazardous waste with the landmark acts of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liabilities Act (CERCLA). These important pieces of environmental legislations are discussed in detail in order to demonstrate both the complexity of protecting the environment a...
This chapter discusses the air pollutants that are found indoors, from what materials and sources they originate, their sampling and measurement, and how they affect human health by presenting case studies with an emphasis on residential... more
This chapter discusses the air pollutants that are found indoors, from what materials and sources they originate, their sampling and measurement, and how they affect human health by presenting case studies with an emphasis on residential buildings and schools. It also presents various indoor air quality (IAQ) guidelines, management, and technologies, as well as the impact of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) on health and comfort. Furthermore, the concept of green buildings is highlighted with its features related to building design and management, IAQ guides, organizations, and practices. The need for optimized buildings ventilation, air conditioning systems design, and indoor air purification to ensure IAQ is also presented. Active versus passive control methods of IAQ are reviewed and examples of residential and schools buildings are discussed in relation to sampling guidelines and IAQ practices. In addition, the IEQ, which in addition to IAQ extends to thermal conditions, noise...
The process of vehicle inspection in the United Arab Emirates has been investigated in this study using multiple decision-making criteria. The objective was to assess the current situation and set out recommendations to improve vehicle... more
The process of vehicle inspection in the United Arab Emirates has been investigated in this study using multiple decision-making criteria. The objective was to assess the current situation and set out recommendations to improve vehicle inspection procedure. Inspected mechanical and environmental parameters have been compared among different inspection centers in the country. The assessment included inspection of both light and heavy vehicles as well as vehicles imported through ports. A set of surveys have been designed to collect information about the inspection process, opinion of the inspection technicians, public opinion, and opinion of vehicle inspection experts in the country. The study revealed significant differences among the inspection centers in the different Emirates and even within the same Emirate. It has been found that vehicle inspection forms are not uniform among the seven Emirates, with no Emirates Standards for vehicles safety and environmental inspection. Additi...
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This chapter deals with (1) the basic theory of sound propagation; (2) an overview of noise pollution problem in view of policy and standards by the World Health Organization, the United States, and the European Union; (3) noise exposure... more
This chapter deals with (1) the basic theory of sound propagation; (2) an overview of noise pollution problem in view of policy and standards by the World Health Organization, the United States, and the European Union; (3) noise exposure sources from aircraft, road traffic and railways, in-vehicle, work, and construction sites, and occupations, and households; (4) the noise pollution impact on human health and the biological environment; (5) modeling of regional noise-affected habitats in protected and unprotected land areas and the marine environment; (6) noise control measures and sustainability in view of sustainable building design, noise mapping, and control measures such as barriers and berms along roadsides, acoustic building materials, roadway vehicle noise source control, road surface, and pavement materials; and (7) environmental noise pollution management measures and their impact on human health.
In view of emerging challenges related to sustainable development, this book is designed to evaluate the potential applications of sulfur in the construction, asphalt pavement and sewerage management industries. Its 8 chapters are... more
In view of emerging challenges related to sustainable development, this book is designed to evaluate the potential applications of sulfur in the construction, asphalt pavement and sewerage management industries. Its 8 chapters are organized as follows: chapter 1 includes a brief overview of the range of technological issues in the construction industry, while emphasizing a need for an integrated approach; chapter 2 provides basic information related to sulfur cycle, supply, trade, uses and environmental issues; chapter 3 presents a brief overview of sulfur properties; chapter 4 includes fundamental aspects of manufacturing elemental sulfur concrete; chapter 5 covers basic ingredients of sulfur cement and its physicochemical properties; chapter 6 discusses sulfur concrete and its basic ingredients and performance; chapter 7 focuses on sustainable manufacturing technology for sulfur concrete production; and chapter 8 details basic concepts of sulfur-modified asphalt pavements.
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Preface Summary, recommendations and suggestions for actions Groundwater management Groundwater resources: Development & management in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Artificial recharge of groundwater: Field experiment... more
Preface Summary, recommendations and suggestions for actions Groundwater management Groundwater resources: Development & management in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Artificial recharge of groundwater: Field experiment Sustainable use of groundwater in highly populated areas of the coastal belt of Sri Lanka Risk management of polluted water bodies 2 Groundwater assessment Groundwater monitoring evaluation and optimization in arid regions: Abu Dhabi Emirate - case study The dipole flow and reactive tracer test: The coalition forces of science, engineering, and technology attack site characterization drawbacks A study on the water quality and sub-littoral macrobenthos in the vicinity of Madras Atomic Power Station thermal outfall 3 Groundwater protection Role of clay fraction on water content detection in soil using TDR Ways and techniques to protect the desalination plants from oil pollution 4 Sustainable water resources Using renewable energy sources for water produc...
Preface. 1. Waste Generation and Disposal. Waste and waste management. Hazardous waste classification. Waste, and its lethality. Regulated, non-regulated waste and 4 R's. Requirements and problems in land disposal. Concluding remarks.... more
Preface. 1. Waste Generation and Disposal. Waste and waste management. Hazardous waste classification. Waste, and its lethality. Regulated, non-regulated waste and 4 R's. Requirements and problems in land disposal. Concluding remarks. 2. Soil Composition. Soil material. Soil surfaces. Electric charge. Soil organics. Concluding remarks. 3. Wastes and Contaminants. Introduction. Hazardous wastes and toxic substances. Sources of wastes. Chemically reactive groups. Contaminant characteristics and properties. Some typical wastes. Concluding remarks. 4. Soil-Water Interaction and Relations. Introduction. Interaction with water. Energies of interaction. Bonding and interactions. Soil-water potential. Water movement in clay soils. Summary and general observations. 5. Contaminant-Soil Interaction. Introduction. Interaction by chemically reactive groups. Contaminant-soil interaction mechanisms. Sorption of contaminants. Sorption by soil constituents. Soil interaction with organic chemical...
This chapter provides details of the complex interactions of the soil constituents and the chemicals that may exist in situ or find their way into a soil. These interactions have important implications for studies and predictions of the... more
This chapter provides details of the complex interactions of the soil constituents and the chemicals that may exist in situ or find their way into a soil. These interactions have important implications for studies and predictions of the movement of contaminants in the subsurface environment as adsorption and other soil-contaminant binding mechanisms may affect the hydraulic conductivity of a geologic medium. Whereas the binding of chemicals on soils solid surfaces may render groundwater remediation techniques ineffective, other chemical and biological processes can provide natural attenuation of contaminated sites. The chapter begins with the commonly used methods to determine the amount of a solute bound by matrix surfaces by Freundich and Langmuir isotherms, together with a discussion of the S-, L-, H-, C-curve isotherms, as well as more advanced descriptions of multicomponent adsorption. Subsequently, the theories by Gouy-Chapman and Stern are presented together with detailed cal...
Radioactive material is being used in many aspects of our life, from medicine to energy generation and to weapon systems. The increasing energy needs and the quest for clean energy makes it very likely that the use of radioactive material... more
Radioactive material is being used in many aspects of our life, from medicine to energy generation and to weapon systems. The increasing energy needs and the quest for clean energy makes it very likely that the use of radioactive material will expand in the 21st century together with the need to safely dispose nuclear waste. This chapter provides a brief overview of the issues related to the disposal of radioactive waste, which depending on the material may require isolation from the environment and human populations of tens to hundreds of thousands of years. The basic elements of near-surface disposal facilities used for the disposal of short-lived low-level radioactive waste (SLLW) and intermediate-lived low-level radioactive waste (ILLW) are initially discussed. Subsequently, the chapter concentrates on the various geologic environments and technological solutions used, in several countries, for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW), providing also the background for...