The growing demand for pertinacious food, in particular animal protein, is responsible for the growth of animal husbandry and fisheries. But now, due to the over-exploitation of fisheries and environmental pollution through the emission... more
The growing demand for pertinacious food, in particular animal protein, is responsible for the growth of animal husbandry and fisheries. But now, due to the over-exploitation of fisheries and environmental pollution through the emission of toxic metabolites, aquaculture faces both environmental and economic un-sustainability. One of the innovative waste management and nutrient retention technologies is Biofloc Technology (BFT) that offers a solution to the problem. In aquaculture ponds, Biofloc Technology removes toxic metabolites and helps to retain more nitrogen in the form of fish or shrimp biomass through the production of microbial mass protein. BFT is a C/N ratio optimization technology. Microbial flocs also have a probiotic effect on the environment through the production of poly β-hyroxy butyrate. Quorum sensing and co-aggregation of microbial groups determines the quality of floc and also helps to eliminate or suppress the influence of pathogens in the aquaculture system.
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An oral habit is a practice which may be constant or may be occasional, that has been acquired by frequent repetition. Life threatening oral habits can be either tobacco involving habits or non-tobacco involving habits. Most of the... more
An oral habit is a practice which may be constant or may be occasional, that has been acquired by frequent repetition. Life threatening oral habits can be either tobacco involving habits or non-tobacco involving habits. Most of the life-threatening diseases occurring due to oral habits have aetiology of tobacco usage with few instances of non-tobacco induced. Tobacco whether consumed as smoked form or smokeless form, affects the human body in one way or the other. These habits developed by the body can be peer pressure induced, stress induced, can be due to social stigma or can even be a habit that once started as an adventure has now converted into a compulsion. Favourably there are various therapies available for managing tobacco abuse that can ultimately curb the deadly situation arising after tobacco use, hence decreasing the rate of occurrence of various preventable diseases as well as increasing the life expectancy of the masses. This review article focuses on the various tobacco and non-tobacco induced oral habits that can be life threatening for the human body, consequences of these habits, their treatment and management.