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Karla  Valenzuela
  • Mexico City, Mexico
En agosto de 2019 la administración de Trump añadió un elemento más a su política de Tolerancia Cero: la Regla de la Carga Pública. Esta medida pone en juego la calidad migratoria de quienes utilizan ciertos servicios sociales, volviendo... more
En agosto de 2019 la administración de Trump añadió un elemento más a su política de Tolerancia Cero: la Regla de la Carga Pública. Esta medida pone en juego la calidad migratoria de quienes utilizan ciertos servicios sociales, volviendo deportable a una parte de la población migrante. El artículo argumenta que la carga pública por sí misma no debería ser motivo suficiente para justificar la deportabilidad. En primer lugar, bajo cierta familia de teorías igualitarias, puede ser injusto construir a las personas como deportables con base en la necesidad que tienen de programas sociales; puesto que la razón de ser de estos es compensar efectos adversos de la mala suerte, dominación y explotación. En segundo lugar, puede resultar moralmente impermisible hacerlo por las consecuencias adversas que la deportabilidad implica, dado que las contribuciones de las personas migrantes a la sociedad estadounidense son superiores al uso que estas realizan de servicios públicos, por lo que no puede ...
que abordamos es paralela o está conectada con Luis Enrique Camacho en su estudio: "¿Son malos los derechos sociales para los migrantes internacionales?", que forma parte de Los derechos sociales desde una perspectiva filosófica,... more
que abordamos es paralela o está conectada con Luis Enrique Camacho en su estudio: "¿Son malos los derechos sociales para los migrantes internacionales?", que forma parte de Los derechos sociales desde una perspectiva filosófica, coordinado por Álvaro Aragón Rivera, Luis González Placencia y Mario Alfredo Hernández. En este texto se plantea la posibilidad de que los derechos sociales, que son un tipo de carga pública, fueran utilizados como justificación para endurecer las restricciones migratorias.
The primary purpose of this paper is to offer a relevant comparative context for considering settlement and integration service delivery and the role of nonprofits in working with government as well as the communities they serve in the... more
The primary purpose of this paper is to offer a relevant comparative context for considering settlement and integration service delivery and the role of nonprofits in working with government as well as the communities they serve in the promotion of immigrant well-being. Settlement and integration services provide various forms of support and assistance to immigrant populations which help newcomers get established in, and meet their core needs/requirements for their adaption into their new homeland, and ultimately to become citizens of that country. Making use of a broad cross-national comparison of experiences, approaches and programming in newcomer settlement, we seek to provide a wider context from which to reflect on the Canadian case.
BackgroundComorbidities increase the risk of death for patients with COVID-19, however, little is known about how comorbidities affect immigrants, as well as their prognosis in the case of contracting the virus. Therefore, this article... more
BackgroundComorbidities increase the risk of death for patients with COVID-19, however, little is known about how comorbidities affect immigrants, as well as their prognosis in the case of contracting the virus. Therefore, this article aims to determine which comorbidities are associated with the probability of death among immigrants in Mexico. Methods We use a sample of migrants (N = 3,567) registered in the public database published in the National Epidemiological Surveillance System of the Mexican Ministry of Health; the technique used was a Probit regression. Results The results show that comorbidities commonly associated with death from COVID-19, are not significant when present in immigrants, also, migrants have fewer comorbidities than the native born. These findings could be explained by the Healthy Immigrant Effect, which states that migration is a self-selection process, in which those who migrate are the healthiest. However, the cases of migrants who have died from COVID-...
BackgroundComorbidities increase the risk of death for patients with COVID-19, however, little is known about how comorbidities affect immigrants, as well as their prognosis in the case of contracting the virus. Therefore, this article... more
BackgroundComorbidities increase the risk of death for patients with COVID-19, however, little is known about how comorbidities affect immigrants, as well as their prognosis in the case of contracting the virus. Therefore, this article aims to determine which comorbidities are associated with the probability of death among immigrants in Mexico. Methods We use a sample of migrants (N = 3,567) registered in the public database published in the National Epidemiological Surveillance System of the Mexican Ministry of Health; the technique used was a Probit regression. Results The results show that comorbidities commonly associated with death from COVID-19, are not significant when present in immigrants, also, migrants have fewer comorbidities than the native born. These findings could be explained by the Healthy Immigrant Effect, which states that migration is a self-selection process, in which those who migrate are the healthiest. However, the cases of migrants who have died from COVID-...
Current events, such as the 2008 economic crisis, the large number of asylum seekers fleeing from conflict zones, terrorism threats, and the growth of right-wing antiimmigrant populism, all within the context of neoliberalism, raise... more
Current events, such as the 2008 economic crisis, the large number of asylum seekers fleeing from conflict zones, terrorism threats, and the growth of right-wing antiimmigrant populism, all within the context of neoliberalism, raise questions regarding the settlement and integration of migrant newcomers in Western liberal democracies. This involves an increasing role for NGOs in immigrant settlement provision through state-NGO ‘partnerships’. By exploring immigration and settlement policy in a comparative context, our main objective is to analyze the role of nonprofits in settlement and integration service delivery, as well as their activities aimed at promoting immigrant well-being and social justice in neoliberal times.
Due to the adverse economic conditions in Mexico and the need for offshore labour in Canadian agriculture, Mexico entered the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) in 1974 as a source country, becoming the country that exports the... more
Due to the adverse economic conditions in Mexico and the need for offshore labour in Canadian agriculture, Mexico entered the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) in 1974 as a source country, becoming the country that exports the highest number of agricultural works to Canada. While abroad, these workers have genuine needs that should be addressed by the Mexican government, but unfortunately the Mexican government has failed to provide adequate protection to its nationals. This paper offers an overview of the situation in rural Mexico, the operational aspects of the program and its violations; it identifies the workers' needs and the most important national and international documents that regulate the protection of nationals abroad. This research is a critique of the role of the Mexican government in the protection of the seasonal agricultural workes in Canada, identifying the limitations that the State faces for providing protection to its nationals.
El funcionamiento de los consulados es muy complejo, entre otras razones debido a la ejecución de funciones encomendandas por un país en territorio de otro encaminadas a cumplir distintos objetivos, y, además, porque cada país maneja... more
El funcionamiento de los consulados es muy complejo, entre otras razones debido a la ejecución de funciones encomendandas por un país en territorio de otro encaminadas a cumplir distintos objetivos, y, además, porque cada país maneja agendas y prioridades distintas para sus consulados. Este trabajo constituye un esfuerzo teórico por esclarecer cómo funciona la protección consular otorgada por los consulados mexicanos en Estados Unidos. Se utilizan elementos teóricos pertenecientes a los campos de estudio de las relaciones Estado-diáspora y de la protección social, para dilucidar los paralelismos existentes entre la protección consular y la protección social, en aras de explicar cómo funciona la protección consular mexicana.
The 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) improved access to healthcare in the United States. However, immigrants —especially those undocumented— still faced difficulties, which have increased during the Trump administration. In order to bring... more
The 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) improved access to healthcare in the United States. However, immigrants —especially those undocumented— still faced difficulties, which have increased during the Trump administration. In order to bring access to health services to its nationals, the Mexican government has implemented the Health Windows Program (Ventanillas de Salud, or VDS). The article reviews changes in the U.S. healthcare system from the ACA to date, and assesses the role of VDS. The methodology is qualitative, consisting of a literature review, interviews with community leaders and Mexican government officials, and questionnaires sent to four VDS: Arizona, Florida, Idaho and Texas. Results show that VDS provide reliable and affordable access to basic healthcare services, and detection of chronic and non-communicable diseases, especially within undocumented immigrants. Public policy recommendations are offered based on these findings. Limitations of the study include the data co...
Se calcula que las personas de origen mexicano radicadas en Estados Unidos alcanzan los 33.7 millones (González-Barrera & López, 2013). El atractivo que las comunidades mexicanas representan para el país de origen es el resultado del... more
Se calcula que las personas de origen mexicano radicadas en Estados Unidos alcanzan los 33.7 millones (González-Barrera & López, 2013). El atractivo que las comunidades mexicanas representan para el país de origen es el resultado del asentamiento de un grupo de connacionales establecidos en territorios que pasaron a la jurisdicción estadounidense en 1848, y cuya consolidación, organización y aportaciones hacia sus comunidades oriundas, sirvieron para que el gobierno de México cambiara la perspectiva sobre sus emigrantes y prestara mayor atención a la injerencia que estos tenían sobre los asuntos internos y las relaciones internacionales.
This chapter addresses the Mexico-U.S. relationship on demography, in particular international migration. Our purpose is to forecast the relationship between the two nations that will shape and result from the number and types of future... more
This chapter addresses the Mexico-U.S. relationship on demography, in particular international migration. Our purpose is to forecast the relationship between the two nations that will shape and result from the number and types of future migrants. Using the Framework Foresight developed at the University of Houston, we narrow the domain or topic of interest to demographic trends in international migration which will certainly remain core to the relationship between the two countries. The focus is on the factors that cause migration trends and how they shape the bilateral relationship. The goal is to identify three different possible migration futures and the policies that manage migration.
The 2010 Affordable Care Act (aca) improved access to healthcare in the Unit-ed States. However, immigrants —especially those undocumented— still faced difficulties, which have increased during the Trump administration. In order... more
The 2010 Affordable Care Act (aca) improved access to healthcare in the Unit-ed  States.  However,  immigrants  —especially  those  undocumented—  still  faced  difficulties, which have increased during the Trump administration. In order to bring access to health services to its nationals, the Mexican government has im-plemented the Health Windows Program (Ventanillas de Salud, orvds). The article reviews changes in the U.S. healthcare system from the aca to date, and assesses the  role  of  vds.  The  methodology  is  qualitative,  consisting  of  a  literature  re-view, interviews with community leaders and Mexican government officials, and questionnaires sent to four vds: Arizona, Florida, Idaho and Texas. Results show that vds provide reliable and affordable access to basic healthcare services, and detection of chronic and non-communicable diseases, especially within undocu-mented immigrants. Public policy recommendations are offered based on these findings. Limitations of the study include the data collected, which is non-repre-sentative of all vds.
Se calcula que las personas de origen mexicano radicadas en EUA alcanzan los 33.7 millones (Gonzáñez-Barrera y López, 2013). El atractivo que las comunidades mexicanas representan para el país e origen es el resultado del asentamiento de... more
Se calcula que las personas de origen mexicano radicadas en EUA alcanzan los 33.7 millones (Gonzáñez-Barrera y López, 2013). El atractivo que las comunidades mexicanas representan para el país e origen es el resultado del asentamiento de un grupo de connacionales establecidos en territorios que pasaron a la jurisdicción estadounidense en 1848 y cuya consolidación, organización y aportaciones hacia sus comunidades oriudonas, sirvieron para que el gobierno mexicano cambiara la perspectiva sobre sus emigrantes y prestara mayor atención a la injerencia que estos tenían sobre los asuntos internos e internacionales
El funcionamiento de los consulados es muy complejo, entre otras razones, debido a que ejecutan funciones encomendadas por un país en territorio de otro y que están encaminadas a cumplir distintos objetivos, además de que cada país maneja... more
El funcionamiento de los consulados es muy complejo, entre otras razones, debido a que ejecutan funciones encomendadas por un país en territorio de otro y que están encaminadas a cumplir distintos objetivos, además de que cada país maneja agendas y prioridades distintas para sus consulados. Este trabajo constituye un esfuerzo teórico para explicar cómo funciona la protección consular otorgada por los consulados mexicanos en EUA. Se utilizan elementos teóricos pertenecientes a los campos de estudio de las relaciones Estado-diáspora y de la protección social, para explicar los paralelismos existentes entre la protección consular.
The Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program Mexico-Canada (SAWP) is a mechanism for the employment of Mexican migrants within the Canadian industry. Because participants in this program face numerous challenges, the Mexican government... more
The Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program Mexico-Canada (SAWP) is a mechanism for the employment of Mexican migrants within the Canadian industry. Because participants in this program face numerous challenges, the Mexican government offers them protection and support through its consulates across Canada. Nevertheless, these services may prove inefficient and can even render the stay of migrants more precarious. This article aims at explaining the reasons why Mexican consular protection often results in a precarious stay for SAWP workers.
Research Interests:
Current events, such as the 2008 economic crisis, the large number of asylum seekers fleeing from conflict zones, terrorism threats, and the growth of right-wing anti-immigrant populism, all within the context of neoliberalism, raise... more
Current events, such as the 2008 economic crisis, the large number of asylum seekers fleeing from conflict zones, terrorism threats, and the growth of right-wing anti-immigrant populism, all within the context of neoliberalism, raise questions regarding the settlement and integration of migrant newcomers in Western liberal democracies. This involves an increasing role for NGOs in immigrant settlement provision through state-NGO 'partnerships'. By exploring immigration and settlement policy in a comparative context, our main objective is to analyze the role of nonprofits in settlement and integration service delivery, as well as their activities aimed at promoting immigrant well-being and social justice in neoliberal times.
Research Interests:
Este artículo explica la percepción que el gobierno de México tiene de sus migrantes y la vincula con el surgimiento de programas consulares e instituciones de atención a mexicanos en el exterior a partir de 1990
Derivado de una investigación de campo en diversos centros de atención a personas migrantes a lo largo del corredor migratorio en México, el artículo habla sobre aspectos relevantes del papel de la sociedad civil en el acompañamiento de... more
Derivado de una investigación de campo en diversos centros de atención a personas migrantes a lo largo del corredor migratorio en México, el artículo habla sobre aspectos relevantes del papel de la sociedad civil en el acompañamiento de esta población.
Research Interests:
The primary purpose of this paper is to offer a relevant comparative context for considering settlement and integration service delivery and the role of nonprofits in working with government as well as the communities they serve in the... more
The primary purpose of this paper is to offer a relevant comparative context for considering settlement and integration service delivery and the role of nonprofits in working with government as well as the communities they serve in the
promotion of immigrant well-being. Settlement and integration services provide various forms of support and assistance to immigrant populations which help newcomers get established in, and meet their core needs/requirements for their adaption into their new homeland, and ultimately to become citizens of that
country. Making use of a broad cross-national comparison of experiences, approaches and programming in newcomer settlement, we seek to provide a wider context from which to reflect on the Canadian case.
Research Interests:
The article sheds light on the role of the Mexican government in the protection of the Seasona Agricultural Workers in Canada, identifying the workers´needs and the limitations the State faces to provide consular protection
Research Interests:
Este Manual tiene el objetivo de aportar algunas ideas y propuestas para que las personas interesadas en colaborar en los centros de atención a migrantes, ubicados a lo largo de la ruta migratoria de México, tengan herramientas para... more
Este Manual tiene el objetivo de aportar algunas ideas y propuestas para que las personas interesadas en colaborar en los centros de atención a migrantes, ubicados a lo largo de la ruta migratoria de México, tengan herramientas para potenciar sus habilidades y brindar el apoyo que las personas migrantes requieren.
Research Interests:
Introducción Se calcula que las personas de origen mexicano radicadas en Estados Unidos alcanzan los 33.7 millones (González-Barrera y López 2013). El atractivo que las comunidades mexicanas representan para el país de origen es el... more
Introducción Se calcula que las personas de origen mexicano radicadas en Estados Unidos alcanzan los 33.7 millones (González-Barrera y López 2013). El atractivo que las comunidades mexicanas representan para el país de origen es el resultado del asentamiento de un grupo de connacionales establecidos en territorios que pasaron a la jursidicción estadounidense en 1848, y cuya consolidación, organización y aportaciones hacia sus comunidades oriundas, sirvieron para que el gobierno de México cambiara la perspectiva sobre sus emigrantes y prestara mayor atención a la injerencia que estos tenían sobre los asuntos internos y las relaciones internacionales. Las comunidades de mexicanos en Estados Unidos se formaron a partir de 1848 con el tratado de Guadalupe-Hidalgo, documento que legaliza la apropiación de casi la mitad del territorio mexicano por parte del vecino país del norte. Este episodio constituyó el inicio de las relaciones Estado-diáspora para México, además de que el manejo de dichas poblaciones y su 'integración' a la vida estadounidense las colocó en una posición desventajosa que dura hasta los tiempos actuales y que repercute en sus vínculos con el gobierno mexicano. Los emigrantes, conforme transcurre el tiempo, encuentran nuevas formas de renovar su membresía con México con base en las exigencias de la propia comunidad a la que pertenecen, pero también en las estrategias de negociación necesarias entre cualquier grupo social que se encuentra vinculado a más de un Estado-Nación. La formación es inseparable de la organización, pues el estado de vulnerabilidad en la que se encontraron los primeros expatriados los obligó a organizarse y a formar diversas comunidades. Si bien los consulados no figuraban en un principio, posterior a los ochenta se registra una gran injerencia de estos respecto del acercamiento y fomento de relaciones gobierno-diáspora.
Research Interests: