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Min Chinese dialect of Hainan, China
The Haikou dialect is a topolect of Chinese and a subvariety of Hainanese spoken in Haikou, the capital of the Hainan province and island of China.
The Haikou dialect has the following initials:
The finals are:
Vocalic codas
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Nasal codas
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Stop codas
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a |
ai |
au |
am |
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aŋ |
ap |
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ak
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ia |
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iau |
iam |
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iaŋ |
iap |
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iak
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ua |
uai |
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uaŋ |
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uak
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ɛ |
e |
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eŋ |
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ek
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ue |
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o |
ɔi |
ɔu |
ɔm |
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ɔŋ |
ɔp |
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ɔk
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io |
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iɔŋ |
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iɔk
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i |
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iu |
im |
in |
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ip |
it |
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u |
ui |
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un |
oŋ |
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uk |
ok
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There are also two syllabic nasals, /m̩/ and /ŋ̍/.
The tone categories (described using Chao tone letters) are:
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level |
rising |
departing |
entering
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upper
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24 |
213 |
35 |
5
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lower
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21
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33
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3
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55ʔ
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- ^ Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.[1][2][3]
- ^ Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
- ^ Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- Chen, Hongmai (1996), Hǎikǒu fāngyán cídiǎn 海口方言詞典 [Haikou dialect dictionary], Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects, vol. 16, Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Press, ISBN 978-7-5343-2886-2.
- Yan, Margaret Mian (2006), Introduction to Chinese Dialectology, LINCOM Europa, ISBN 978-3-89586-629-6.
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