桑 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水水水木 (EEED), four-corner 17904, composition ⿱叒木)
- 嗓, 𪤌, 𡠏, 搡, 𪶽, 𨻗, 𣉕, 𦟄, 槡, 𤌧, 𪼏, 磉, 縔, 𧏠, 褬, 𬧉, 䡦(𬨑), 𨢆, 鎟, 䮣, 𩺞, 𪳫, 㯩, 顙(颡), 𦶿, 𩮧
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 526, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14772
- Dae Jaweon: page 914, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1209, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6851
|
Old Chinese
|
桒
|
*sŋaːŋ
|
桑
|
*sŋaːŋ
|
磉
|
*sŋaːŋʔ
|
顙
|
*sŋaːŋʔ
|
嗓
|
*sŋaːŋʔ
|
搡
|
*sŋaːŋʔ
|
Unknown (Schuessler (2007)).
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Pinyin): sāng (sang1)
- (Zhuyin): ㄙㄤ
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sang1
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): song1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhong1 / lhong1-4
- Gan (Wiktionary): song1
- Hakka
- (Sixian, PFS): sông
- (Meixian, Guangdong): song1
- Jin (Wiktionary): son1
- Northern Min (KCR): só̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): sng / song
- (Teochew, Peng'im): seng1
- (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): suang1
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1saon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): san1
Note:
- sng - vernacular;
- song - literary.
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
Character
|
桑
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
|
sāng
|
Middle Chinese
|
‹ sang ›
|
Old Chinese
|
/*[s]ˁaŋ/
|
English
|
mulberry tree
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
|
桑
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
No.
|
10980
|
Phonetic component
|
桑
|
Rime group
|
陽
|
Rime subdivision
|
0
|
Corresponding MC rime
|
桑
|
Old Chinese
|
/*sŋaːŋ/
|
桑
- mulberry tree
- a surname
Dialectal synonyms of
桑樹 (“mulberry tree”)
[map]
Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
桑樹, 桑
|
Taxonomic name
|
桑
|
Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
桑樹
|
Taiwan
|
桑樹
|
Harbin
|
桑樹
|
Jilu Mandarin
|
Jinan
|
桑樹
|
Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
桑樹
|
Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
桑樹
|
Xi'an
|
桑樹
|
Xining
|
桑樹
|
Xuzhou
|
蠶桑, 桑樹
|
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)
|
桑樹
|
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)
|
桑杏兒樹
|
Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
桑樹
|
Lanzhou
|
桑樹
|
Ürümqi
|
桑樹
|
Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
桑葉樹, 桑樹
|
Wuhan
|
桑樹
|
Guiyang
|
桑樹
|
Guilin
|
桑樹
|
Liuzhou
|
桑樹
|
Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
桑樹
|
Yangzhou
|
桑樹
|
Huanggang
|
桑樹
|
Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
桑樹
|
Hong Kong
|
桑樹
|
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)
|
桑
|
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)
|
桑樹
|
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)
|
桑仔樹
|
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)
|
桑仔樹
|
Macau
|
桑樹
|
Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
桑樹
|
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
桑樹
|
Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
桑樹
|
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
桑樹
|
Foshan
|
桑樹
|
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
桑樹
|
Foshan (Shunde)
|
桑樹
|
Foshan (Sanshui)
|
桑樹
|
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
桑
|
Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
桑樹
|
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
|
蠶蟲樹
|
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
|
桑樹
|
Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
桑樹
|
Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
桑樹
|
Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
桑樹
|
Taishan
|
桑樹
|
Kaiping (Chikan)
|
桑樹
|
Enping (Niujiang)
|
桑
|
Heshan (Yayao)
|
桑
|
Dongguan
|
桑樹
|
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
桑樹
|
Qingyuan
|
桑樹
|
Fogang
|
桑樹
|
Yingde (Hanguang)
|
桑樹
|
Yangshan
|
桑
|
Lianshan (Butian)
|
桑樹
|
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)
|
桑樹
|
Shaoguan
|
桑樹
|
Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
桑樹
|
Renhua
|
蠶樹
|
Lechang
|
蠶樹
|
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)
|
桑樹
|
Sihui
|
桑樹
|
Guangning
|
桑樹
|
Deqing
|
桑樹
|
Huaiji
|
桑
|
Fengkai (Nanfeng)
|
桑樹
|
Yunfu
|
桑樹
|
Xinxing
|
桑樹
|
Luoding
|
桑樹
|
Yunan (Pingtai)
|
桑樹
|
Yangjiang
|
桑樹
|
Xinyi
|
桑樹
|
Lianjiang
|
桑樹, 蠶桑
|
Nanning
|
桑樹
|
Wuzhou
|
桑樹
|
Yulin
|
蠶木
|
Hepu (Lianzhou)
|
蠶樹
|
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
桑樹
|
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
|
桑樹
|
Gan
|
Nanchang
|
桑樹
|
Lichuan
|
桑樹
|
Pingxiang
|
桑樹
|
Hakka
|
Meixian
|
桑仔樹
|
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)
|
桑樹
|
Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
桑樹
|
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
桑樹
|
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
桑
|
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)
|
桑樹
|
Yudu
|
蠶子樹, 蠶樹
|
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
桑仔樹
|
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
桑仔樹
|
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
桑仔樹
|
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
桑垂樹
|
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
桑仔樹, 蠶樹
|
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
桑樹
|
Hong Kong
|
桑仔樹
|
Luchuan (Daqiao)
|
桑木
|
Senai (Huiyang)
|
桑樹
|
Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
桑葉樹, 桑樹
|
Huangshan (Tunxi)
|
桑樹, 蠶兒樹
|
Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
桑樹
|
Pingyao
|
桑葚樹
|
Xinzhou
|
桑錢樹, 桑樹
|
Hohhot
|
桑樹
|
Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
蠶仔樹
|
Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
蠶繭樹, 蠶繭箬樹, 桑樹
|
Fuzhou (Changle)
|
蠶囝樹
|
Fuqing
|
桑囝樹
|
Yongtai
|
蠶囝樹
|
Gutian
|
桑樹
|
Fu'an
|
桑樹
|
Ningde
|
桑樹
|
Shouning
|
桑柴
|
Zhouning
|
桑柴
|
Fuding
|
桑柴
|
Matsu
|
蠶囝樹, 蟲樹
|
Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
娘仔樹
|
Zhangzhou
|
蠶垂, 蠶箬
|
Pinghe
|
蠶仔樹
|
Taipei
|
桑材仔
|
New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
娘仔樹
|
Kaohsiung
|
桑材
|
Yilan
|
娘仔樹
|
Changhua (Lukang)
|
桑材樹
|
Taichung
|
桑垂樹
|
Tainan
|
鹽桑仔叢
|
Hsinchu
|
桑材
|
Kinmen
|
桑材
|
Penghu (Magong)
|
桑垂
|
Pingnan (Shangdu)
|
桑樹
|
Jieyang
|
桑垂樹
|
Bangkok (Teochew)
|
桑樹
|
Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
桑樹
|
Leizhou
|
桑
|
Haikou
|
蠶樹
|
Central Min
|
Yong'an
|
蠶仔樹
|
Sanming (Sanyuan)
|
蠶仔樹
|
Zhongshan Min
|
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
|
桑樹
|
Zhongshan (Sanxiang)
|
桑樹, 桑子樹
|
Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
桑根, 桑樹
|
Northern Pinghua
|
Guilin (Dahe)
|
桑樹
|
Wu
|
Shanghai
|
桑樹
|
Shanghai (Chongming)
|
蠶葉樹
|
Suzhou
|
桑樹
|
Danyang
|
桑樹
|
Hangzhou
|
桑樹
|
Ningbo
|
桑樹
|
Wenzhou
|
桑樹
|
Jinhua
|
桑葉樹
|
Xiang
|
Changsha
|
桑葉樹
|
Loudi
|
桑葉樹
|
Quanzhou
|
桑葉樹, 桑樹
|
Borrowed from Japanese さん (-san). Compare Min Nan 卡桑 (khà-sàng), 多桑 (tò-sàng), 歐巴桑/欧巴桑 (o͘-bá-sáng), and 歐吉桑/欧吉桑 (o͘-jí-sáng).
桑
- (Mandarin, ACG, Internet slang) -san
- 醬/酱 (jiàng, “-chan”), 炭 (tàn, “-tan”), 君 (jūn, “-kun”), 樣/样 (yàng, “-sama”)
桑
桑
(Jōyō kanji)
- mulberry
/kupa/ → /kuɸa/ → /kuwa/
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *kupa.
Ultimate derivation unclear. Definitely not related to Korean 뽕 (ppong, “mulberry tree”) or 오디 (odi, “mulberry fruit”), nor to Ainu テㇱマニ (tesmani, “mulberry tree”) or ツレㇷ゚ニ (turepni, “mulberry tree”).
Some theories suggest this might have originally been a compound. Possible derivations may include:
- A shift from 蚕葉 (kopa, “silkworm + leaf”)
- A shift from 胡葉 (kopa, “non-Chinese people to the west of China + leaf”), possibly referencing the origin of some mulberry species in central Asia
- A contraction of 食ふ葉 (kupu pa, “eat + leaf”), where kupu is the ancient reading of modern 食う (kuu)
桑 or 桑 • (kuwa) ←くは (kufa) or クハ (kufa)?
- mulberry
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as クワ.
This term can refer to the fruit or the tree. For greater specificity, the following may be used:
From Middle Chinese 桑 (MC sang).
桑 • (sō) ←さう (sau)?
- mulberry
- (US) Short for 桑港 (“San Francisco (a city in California, United States)”).
- ^ “桑”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
From Middle Chinese 桑 (MC sang).
Historical Readings
|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
|
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 |
사ᇰ (Yale: sàng)
|
Middle Korean
|
Text |
Eumhun
|
Gloss (hun) |
Reading
|
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] |
ᄲᅩᇰ나모 (Yale: spwòng-nàmwò) |
사ᇰ (Yale: sàng)
|
Wikisource
桑 (eumhun 뽕나무 상 (ppongnamu sang))
- hanja form? of 상 (“mulberry tree”) [affix]
Compounds
- 궁간상 (弓幹桑, gunggansang)
- 농상 (農桑, nongsang)
- 부상 (扶桑, Busang)
- 산상 (山桑, sansang)
- 상과 (桑果, sanggwa)
- 상근 (桑根, sanggeun)
- 상년 (桑年, sangnyeon)
- 상목 (桑木, sangmok)
- 상문 (桑門, sangmun)
- 상부 (桑婦, sangbu)
- 상실 (桑實, sangsil)
- 상야 (桑野, sang'ya)
- 상엽 (桑葉, sang'yeop)
- 상전 (桑田, sangjeon)
- 상전벽해 (桑田碧海, sangjeonbyeokhae)
- 상중 (桑中, sangjung)
- 상천우 (桑天牛, sangcheonu)
- 상호 (桑戶, sangho)
- 상호 (桑弧, sangho)
- 상호 (桑扈, sangho)
- 잠상 (蠶桑, jamsang)
桑: Hán Nôm readings: tang, dâu
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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