忍 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸戈心 (SIP), four-corner 17332, composition ⿱刃心)
- 𠗋, 𠴍, 𡝖, 𢂻, 𢚴, 𢭝, 涊, 𭸑, 梕, 𤉃, 㸾, 䏰, 𥚆, 𥆾, 𫀷, 𪞹, 𪪄, 綛, 𦓖, 𦖆, 𬠍, 𧖷, 認, 躵, 𨧟, 𨲅, 𢠗, 𩈢, 𩊫, 𥊟, 𪐁
- 𫻉, 荵, 𭞂, 𩇻, 𤶝
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 376, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10312
- Dae Jaweon: page 702, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2271, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5FCD
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Old Chinese
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涊
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*nɯːnʔ, *njɯnʔ
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紉
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*nɯn
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忍
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*njɯnʔ
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荵
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*njɯnʔ
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刃
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*njɯns
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認
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*njɯns, *njɯŋs
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仞
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*njɯns
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軔
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*njɯns
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韌
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*njɯns
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肕
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*njɯns
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牣
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*njɯns
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杒
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*njɯns
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訒
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*njɯns
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *njɯnʔ) : phonetic 刃 (OC *njɯns, “blade”) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
- “to bear, to endure, to suffer”
- From Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan ཉན་པ (nyan pa, “to be able”) (Schuessler (2007))
- “cruel”
- From Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan གཉན་པ (gnyan pa, “cruel, fierce, severe”) (ibid.).
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Pinyin): rěn (ren3)
- (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˇ
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ren3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): жын (řɨn, II)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jan5 / jan2
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngin4
- Gan (Wiktionary): nyiin3
- Hakka
- (Sixian, PFS): ngiûn
- (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiun1
- Jin (Wiktionary): reng2
- Northern Min (KCR): něng
- Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̄ng / nūng
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): lím / jím / lún
- (Teochew, Peng'im): lung2 / nung2 / rim2 / rêng2 / ring2
- (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): yieng2
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6gnin; 6zen
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ren3
Note:
- ṳ̄ng - literary;
- nūng - vernacular.
Note:
- lím/jím - literary;
- lún - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: lung2 / nung2 / rim2 / rêng2 / ring2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lúng / núng / jím / jéng / jíng
- Sinological IPA (key): /luŋ⁵²/, /nuŋ⁵²/, /d͡zim⁵²/, /d͡zeŋ⁵²/, /d͡ziŋ⁵²/
Note:
- lung2 - vernacular (Chaozhou);
- nung2 - vernacular (Jieyang);
- rim2 - literary (Chaozhou);
- rêng2 - literary (Jieyang);
- ring2 - literary (Chenghai, Chaoyang).
- (Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: yieng2
- Sinological IPA: /zieŋ³¹/
- Wu
Note:
- 3nyin - colloquial;
- 3zen - literary.
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
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Character
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忍
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忍
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Reading #
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1/2
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2/2
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Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
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rěn
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rěn
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Middle Chinese
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‹ nyinX ›
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‹ nyinX ›
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Old Chinese
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/*nə[n]ʔ/
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/*nə[n]ʔ/
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English
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cruel
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endure
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Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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Zhengzhang system (2003)
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Character
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忍
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Reading #
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1/1
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No.
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10828
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Phonetic component
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刃
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Rime group
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文
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Rime subdivision
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1
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Corresponding MC rime
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忍
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Old Chinese
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/*njɯnʔ/
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忍
- to endure; to bear; to suffer
人皆有所不忍,達之於其所忍,仁也。人皆有所不為,達之於其所為,義也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
人皆有所不忍,达之于其所忍,仁也。人皆有所不为,达之于其所为,义也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Rén jiē yǒu suǒbùrěn, dá zhī yú qí suǒrěn, rén yě. Rén jiē yǒu suǒbùwéi, dá zhī yú qí suǒwéi, yì yě. [Pinyin]
- All men have some things which they cannot bear; extend that feeling to what they can bear, and humaneness will be the result. All men have some things which they will not do; extend that feeling to the things which they do, and righteousness will be the result.
- to forbear
- 忍笑 ― rěn xiào ― to stifle a laugh
- 忍著眼淚/忍着眼泪 ― rěn zhe yǎnlèi ― to hold back tears
- to have the heart to; to be hardhearted enough to
- (literary) cruel; callous
- 克服 (kèfú)
- 包容 (bāoróng)
- 受
- 含 (literary, or in compounds)
- 容忍 (róngrěn)
- 忍受 (rěnshòu)
- 忍耐 (rěnnài)
- 打限 (Malaysia, Singapore)
- 消受 (xiāoshòu)
- 耐
- (to have the heart to): 忍心 (rěnxīn)
- (cruel):
Shinjitai
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忍
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Kyūjitai [1]
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忍󠄁 忍+󠄁 ? (Adobe-Japan1)
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忍󠄄 忍+󠄄 ? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
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忍
(Jōyō kanji)
- patience, endurance, stamina.
忍 • (Shinobu)
- a unisex given name
- a surname
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Wikisource
忍 (eumhun 참다 인 (chamda in))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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忍: Hán Nôm readings: nhẫn, nhịn, những, nhẩn, nhẵn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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