m-
- (SI prefix) Abbreviation of milli-.
- (biology) murine; pertaining to mice
m-
- (organic chemistry) meta-
m-
- Alternative form of n- before labials
Compare the expressive prefix ma-.
m-
- Non-productive expressive prefix.
Usually, this prefix takes the form /ma/, /mi/, /mu/, followed by a velar or coronal plosive, followed by any vowel, followed by a liquid. For example: mozkor (“drunk”), mutur (“snout, end”), makur (“crooked”).
- “m-” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
From Proto-Afroasiatic *m- (nominal prefix).[1]
- forms masculine abstract nouns from verbs, with the resulting root structure /ˈmiCCiC/
- forms agent nouns from verbs, with the resulting root structure /ˈmaCCaC/ or /mVCˈCiCVw/ if masculine and /maCˈCaːCit/ or /mVCˈCiCwVt/ if feminine
- forms instrumental nouns from verbs, with the resulting root structure /ˈmaCCaC/ or /mVCˈCiCVw/ if masculine and /maCˈCaːCit/ or /mVCˈCiCwVt/ if feminine
- forms passive nouns from verbs, with the resulting root structure /miˈCuːCiC/ if masculine and /miˈCuCCit/ if feminine
- forms nouns from other nouns with no apparent change in meaning, with the resulting root structure unchanged but for the addition of /ma-/ and the loss of final -w in masculine nouns
- forms nomina loci from verbs and nouns
If followed by a labial consonant, this prefix dissimilated to n- in prehistoric times.
- Gundacker, Roman (2011) “On the Etymology of the Egyptian Crown Name mrsw.t*: An “Irregular” Subgroup of m-Prefix Formations” in Lingua Aegyptia, volume 19, page 41–44
- ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 1
m-
- you plural (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)
m-
- him, her, it; class 1 object concord; form of mu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
m- (class A infixed pronoun, triggers lenition)
- me
Old Irish affixed pronouns
See Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.
Person
|
Infixed
|
Suffixed
|
Class A
|
Class B
|
Class C
|
1 sing.
|
m-L
|
dom-L, dam-L
|
-um
|
2 sing.
|
t-L
|
dot-L, dat-L, dut-L, dit-L
|
-ut
|
3 sing. m.
|
a-N, e-N
|
d-N
|
id-N, did-N, d-N
|
-i, -it
|
3 sing. f.
|
s-(N)
|
da-
|
-us
|
3 sing. n.
|
a-L, e-L
|
d-L
|
id-L, did-L, d-L
|
-i, -it
|
1 pl.
|
n-
|
don-, dun-, dan-
|
-unn
|
2 pl.
|
b-
|
dob-, dub-, dab-
|
-uib
|
3 pl.
|
s-(N)
|
da-
|
-us
|
L means this form triggers lenition. N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis) (N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.
|
m-
- him, her, it; class 1 object concord; form of mu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
m- (plural wa-)
- m class(I) noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, denoting mostly people
- mtoto mzuri ― a nice child
- mnyama mnono ― a fat animal
- Forms the name of somebody who does something, has a certain characteristic, or is from a certain place.
- m- + Kenya → Mkenya (“person from Kenya”)
- m- + zee (“old”) → mzee (“old person”)
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
m- (plural mi-)
- m class(III) noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, denoting mostly plants and inanimate natural things
- mti mrefu ― a tall tree
- mfano mzuri ― a nice example
- Forms the name of a plant from its fruit.
- m- + chungwa (“orange”) → mchungwa (“orange tree”)
- u class(XI) adjective agreement prefix
- ulimi mrefu ― a long tongue
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
m-
- you, 2nd person plural subject concord
- Antonym: ham-
- verb-initial form of -m- (“her, him; 3rd person singular (m class(I)) object concord”)
Number
|
Person
|
Independent
|
Subject concord
|
Object concord
|
Combined forms
|
Possessive
|
affirmative
|
negative
|
na
|
ndi-
|
si-
|
Singular |
First
|
mimi
|
ni-
|
si-
|
-ni-
|
nami, na mimi
|
ndimi, ndiye
|
simi, siye
|
-angu
|
Second
|
wewe
|
u-
|
hu-
|
-ku-
|
nawe, na wewe
|
ndiwe, ndiye
|
siwe, siye
|
-ako
|
Third
|
yeye
|
a-, yu-
|
ha-, hayu-
|
-m-, -mw-, -mu-
|
naye, na yeye
|
ndiye
|
siye
|
-ake
|
Plural |
First
|
sisi
|
tu-
|
hatu-
|
-tu-
|
nasi, na sisi
|
ndisi, ndio
|
sio
|
-etu
|
Second
|
ninyi
|
m-, mw-, mu-
|
ham-, hamw-, hamu-
|
-wa-
|
nanyi, na ninyi
|
ndinyi, ndio
|
sinyi, sio
|
-enu
|
Third
|
wao
|
wa-
|
hawa-
|
-wa-
|
nao
|
ndio
|
sio
|
-ao
|
Reflexive
|
—
|
—
|
-ji-
|
—
|
—
|
For a full table including other classes, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.
|
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-.
m-
- therein, mu class(XVIII) subject concord
- Antonym: ham-
Swahili verbal concords (third person)
From Proto-Bantu *n-, labialized before labial consonants.
m- (plural m-)
- n class(IX/X) noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix, including for plurals of some u class(XI) nouns, used before labial consonants
- mvua mbaya ― bad rain
- ubavu (“rib, side”) → mbavu (“ribs, sides”)
m-
- him, her, it; class 1 object concord; form of mu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.
m-
- him, her, it; class 1 object concord.
- mi- (allomorph before a consonant)
m-
- Marks a transitive verb as having a second-person agent/subject.
- Marks an intransitive verb with agent-like argument as having a second-person argument/subject.
The form m- is used with stems that start with a vowel; mi- is used with those that start with a consonant, in which case the initial consonant is also palatalized. In practice, since all intransitive verbs to which this prefix can attach start with a vowel, mi- only appears on certain transitive verbs.
Ye'kwana personal markers
|
pronoun
|
noun possessor/ series II verb argument
|
postposition object
|
series I verb argument
|
transitive patient
|
intransitive patient-like
|
intransitive agent-like
|
transitive agent
|
first person
|
ewü
|
y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1
|
w-, wi-
|
first person dual inclusive
|
küwü
|
k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
|
k-, kii-, ki-1
|
second person
|
amödö
|
ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh-
|
m-, mi-
|
first person dual exclusive
|
nña
|
y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-1
|
chö-
|
∅-
|
n-, ni-
|
third person
|
tüwü
|
n-, ni-
|
distant past third person
|
—
|
kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
|
coreferential/reflexive
|
—
|
t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-
|
—
|
reciprocal
|
—
|
—
|
öö-
|
- With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.
|
|
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
|
first person > second person
|
mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
|
first person dual exclusive > second person
|
second person > first person
|
k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
|
second person > first person dual exclusive
|
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person
|
see person X in the chart above
|
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[1], Lyon, pages 180–181
m-
- Class 1 simple noun prefix; form of mu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
ḿ-
- him, her, it; class 1 object concord; form of mu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
m-
- Class 3 simple noun prefix; form of mu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
m-
- Class 9 simple noun prefix; form of n- used before stems beginning with a labial consonant.