Madencilik - Mining, 2022, 61(3), 143-147
www.mining.org.tr
Original Research / Orijinal Araştırma
Dredging technology of placer deposits in the far north
Uzak kuzeydeki plaser tabakalarının tarama teknolojisi
Ravil Zinnurovich Nafikov a,*, Victor Evgenievich Kislyakov a,**, Aleksandr Konstantinovich Kirsanov a,***,
Ekaterina Vasilevna Shevnina a,****, Anastasiya Olegovna Ivanchuk a,*****, Pavel Viktorovich Katyshev a,******,
Umardzhon Riezidinovich Teshaevb, *******
a Siberian Federal University, 95 Krasnoyarskiy Rabochiy Avenue, Krasnoyarsk, RUSSIA
b Tajik Technical University named after Academician M.S. Osimi, Dushanbe, TAJIKISTAN
Geliş-Received: 18 Kasım - November 2021 * Kabul - Accepted: 18 Şubat - February 2022
A B S T R A C T
The authors consider the problem of reducing the dredge performance when operating at subzero air temperatures. This problem is particularly relevant
for deposits located in the Far North, where the dredging season is limited by climatic conditions. During the period of subzero air temperatures dredge
performance decreases significantly due to the icing of dredge structure. In consequence, dredging operations are terminated until the occurrence
of favorable conditions for work. In this regard, the authors propose a method for isolating the open-pit mine with a hangar made of contemporary
construction materials. Cellular polycarbonate, which has several advantages, was chosen as the most promising material for insulating dredging works.
The article offers the technical and technological solutions for the proposed method of extending the dredging season. The costs of a dredge hangar for
dredges of different sizes and the annual cost of its movement are calculated. A method has been developed for determining the optimal maneuvering angle
of the dredge and the width of the single face, whose values depend on the type of dredge and the gold content in the sand. The areas of dredge hangars are
determined by the graphical-analytic method. The article presents an example of the air temperature dynamics in a dredge hangar during the year, as well
as determines the duration of the mining season.
Keywords: Placer deposit, Placer gold, Dredge, Mining season, Dredging hangar, Winter season, Far North, Productivity
Introduction
Currently, one of the most promising areas in the mining industry of most countries is the extraction of gold, whose significant reserves are contained in placer deposits. The occurrence
conditions of such deposits make it possible to effectively apply
relatively simple technologies. The dredging method has the highest technical and economic indicators in the development of placer mineral deposits, which has several advantages, such as high
productivity, minimum cost, and the possibility of implementing
in complex hydrogeological conditions (Zhuravlev, 2018; Yershov,
2010; Belov, 2011; Talgamer and Chemezov, 2012; Garnett, 2015;
Zhang et al., 2019; Ryzhov, 2020; Kashirtseva, 2019; Rafkatovich
and Mironova, 2018).
A significant part of the world’s placer reserves is located in
northern latitudes with severe climatic conditions. At that, the
ambient air temperature is one of the main factors affecting the
duration of the mining season during the dredge development of
deposits. At subzero air temperatures water freezes in the section, as well as the rock freezes on the scoops and the dredge
scooping frame, which leads to a decrease in daily productivity
(Rafkatovich and Mironova, 2018; Kostromin, Yurgenson and
Pozlutko, 2007; Nurok, 1970; Shorokhov, 1973). It is possible to
increase the dredging productivity in the Far North conditions
by using floating foams, ice-cutting machines, using the heat of
deep waters of reservoirs, water circulation in the bottom water
area, changing the chemical composition of water, and others. But
Corresponding author: ravil.z.nafikov@yandex.ru • https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3969-5332
ve.kislyakov@mail.ru • https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3263-1256
Kirsanov.A.K@yandex.ru • https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0365-3379
****
Shevnina.E.V@yandex.ru • https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-9341
***** IvanchukA.O@yandex.ru • https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4267-8568
****** Katyshev.P.V@yandex.ru • https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2417-7658
******* Teshaev.U.R@yandex.ru • https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9318-6147
*
**
***
143
R. Z. Nafikov, et al. / Scientific Mining Journal, 2022, 61(3), 143-147
practice shows that all of the above methods are not widely used
due to high economic and energy costs, labor intensity, and environmental damage.
The turns of the pile dredgers are carried out using side ropes
that are passed through the shore rollers, which reduces their
wear when moving on the placer surface, and also reduces the load
on the winch engine. In turn, the rollers are attached to the shore
through the drawbar. According to the proposed technology, shore
rollers should be installed behind the hangar perimeter close to it,
then the exposed areas in the hangar structure are minimized. It
is necessary to fix the roller on two or three braces, which allows
preventing its movement when turning the dredge.
The most promising method of extending the dredging season
is a proposed method of isolating the dredge section against the
effects of subzero temperatures with a hangar made of contemporary construction materials (Shorokhov, 1973; Kislyakov and
Nafikov, 2016; Kislyakov et al., 2017; 2018) (Figure 1). One of
these materials is cellular polycarbonate having several advantages. At that, the frame of the hangar should be designed using metal
structures to strengthen its structure.
The excavating of rocks in the vertical plane can be done either
layer-by-layer or working of the face from the bottom or the intermediate horizon by sub-working the ledge and then excavating
the collapsed rock. In the latter case, the rock slide can affect the
stability of the hangar, so it is necessary to use only a layer-by-layer excavation. At that, it provides the best conditions and performance of the dredge.
The hangar surface should be sprayed with transparent hydrophobic compositions that have the cryophobic property, i.e. the
ability to prevent ice and snow from freezing to them.
The proposed technology provides that in the summer season,
mining operations are carried out according to any development
system. At the same time, the landfills intended for winter mining
are opened. Next, the prepared area is protected from freezing. To
date, there are many ways of such protecting, for example, laying
thermal-insulating coverings, flooding of prepared sites, and others. The most economical type is autumn loosening of the soil.
Also during this period, a sump tank should be prepared next
to the site intended for winter mining. The sump serves as an additional source of water supply to the dredge section during the
period of stable subzero ambient air temperatures. When calculating the sump volume, one should be guided by the necessary
inflow of water into the dredge section, which is about 50-200 l/s
for different dredge models. It is also recommended to take into
account the thickness of the ice cover in winter.
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of isolating the dredge section by the hangar
during the field development throughout subzero temperatures
By the time of the onset of late autumn, the dredge should be
approached the prepared area. During this period, the installation
of the hangar is carried out. For the rational use of working time, it
is recommended to combine repair works on the dredge with the
installation of the hangar. The average duration of major repairs
on dredges is 30-60 days. To reduce it, it is recommended to carry
out work in three shifts, which will allow completing the repair in
10 days. After the completion of the auxiliary work, the prepared
area is worked out while mining and processing operations, as
well as dump formation in the winter period are carried out inside
the hangar.
The hangar is mounted on a metal sled to allow it to be transported using mining equipment, such as a bulldozer. The lower
part of the hangar on the side of the dredge stacker must be made
in the form of folding rubber sheets. In the course of moving the
canvas affected by the weight will lean on the dumps and move
along them, excluding heat losses from the hangar. The height of
the canvases attachment is determined based on the maximum
height of the dumps under certain conditions and is adjusted
during the entire period using the hangar. The front part of the
hangar is also equipped with rubber sheets, whose height should
be equal to the height of the sled. Thus, the safe operation of the
hangar during its transportation is provided.
When applying the proposed technology, it is recommended
to plan the works so that one excavation site provides production
throughout the winter, which will eliminate the reversals of the
dredge and hangar. In this case, the scheme of operation is simplified, while the cost of dredging and preparatory work will be
significantly reduced. Therefore, with the proposed technology,
it is not advisable to use longitudinal and adjacent development
systems. In cases where a turn of the dredge and the hangar is intended for working out the face in mutually opposite directions,
it is recommended that the dump formation be carried out on the
outer side of the section, which facilitates the installation of the
hangar after the turn of the dredge.
To allow workers to enter the hangar, as well as for the delivery
of goods to the dredge, the hangar is equipped with a door, which
is located in its front part at the location of the dredge ramp. All
the necessary materials (especially large-sized and heavy enough)
are brought to the dredge whenever appropriate before the installation of the hangar structure. After isolation, the passage of transport inside the hangar is excluded, while the delivery of materials
should be carried out manually. At that, the distance to the dredge
will be only 5-10 meters depending on particular conditions. One
can use a crane mounted on the front mast of the dredge.
The air temperature inside the hangar allows maintaining the
section in a non-freezing state. If it is necessary to clean the section
from ice and sludge, one can use winches installed on the dredge
with a loading device in the form of a grid. One can also use a crane
with a loop as an ice grab, located on the front mast. The ice can
be removed with the dredge itself, namely, using scoops. The ice is
removed through the barrel and stacker into the dumps. For small
volumes of ice and sludge, one can use manual cleaning.
1. Research methods
To determine the parameters of the hangar, it is necessary
to determine the maneuvering angle and the width of the single
dredge face. Consider the possibility of calculating these parameters using the following known formulas:
144
, degrees
(1)
,m
Annual cost of moving the hangar,
thousand dollars
R. Z. Nafikov, vd. / Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi, 2022, 61(3), 143-147
(2)
Let’s consider how the dredge performance will change when
using the proposed technology:
, m3/h
(3)
𝑄𝑄ч =
)D⋅E⋅F
GH
(4)
3
⋅ 𝐾𝐾J , m /h
where Ku is the labor utilization rate.
(3)
where n is the speed of the scooping chain, scoops/min; K is the swell factor of rocks; K is the
Using the formulas presented above, one can calculate the peraverage fill factor of scoops with rock.
formance
dredges
ofdepends
different
sizes
the traditional
The fill factor of
of scoops
with rock
more onstandard
the angle of the
dredgeat
maneuvering.
Thus, at an
angle of 60 degrees,
the fill development
factor is 0.95, while at and
an angle
of 140
degrees, it decreases
technology
of field
the
proposed
one. to 0.77.
p
s
6
5
4
3
2
60
70
120 plotting the graphs, equations of the form C=m∙T were
While
obtained, where C is the profit in million rubles obtained when
using the proposed technology, m is the coefficient depending on
the type of dredge, and the
angle; T is the payback
C =maneuvering
1,18∙T
40
While plotting
graphs, equations of the form C=m∙T were obtained, where C is the profit in million
period in the
years.
Dredge maneuvering
rubles obtained when using the proposed
technology, mangle,
is thedeg.
coefficient depending on the type of
20
dredge, and the maneuvering angle; T is the payback period in years.
0
2001
3
5
7
Investment payback period, years
C = 1,48∙T
Dredge maneuvering angle, deg.
60
100
180
160
1
Investment payback period,
years
Cost of the hangar, thousand dollars
250
200
150
100
50
140
Dredge maneuvering angle, deg.
50
80
150
250
5
7
Investment payback period, years
60
9
100
140
Knowing the profit and the coefficient m, the payback period
of the investment was found for different dredge maneuvering an5
gles. Based on the obtained values,
a curve is constructed whose
equation most accurately describes the location of the values on
the graph (Figure 5). The point corresponding to the shortest
payback period is the most advantageous, and the corresponding
dredge maneuvering angle is the most optimal.
300
Scoop capacity, l
3
Figurethe
4. profit
Profit
cost of am,
hangar
for aperiod
250-liter
dredge atwas
gold
content
in
Knowing
andand
the coefficient
the payback
of the investment
found
for different
dredge maneuvering angles. Based
the sand equal to 0.1 g/m3 on the obtained values, a curve is constructed whose equation
most accurately describes the location of the values on the graph (Figure 5). The point corresponding
to the shortest payback period is the most advantageous, and the corresponding dredge maneuvering
angle is the most optimal.
350
130
140
140
Dredge maneuvering angle, deg.
400
120
9
120 and the coefficient m, the payback period of the investment was found for different
Knowing the profit
dredge maneuvering
angles. Based on the obtained values, a curve
constructed whose equation
100
C =is1,38∙T
most accurately describes the location of the values on the graph (Figure 5). The point corresponding
80
to the shortest payback period is the most advantageous, and the corresponding dredge maneuvering
60optimal.
angle is the most
C = 1,18∙T
40
Dredge maneuvering angle, deg.
20
5
0
polycarbonate, metal pipes, sleds, and installation of the structure.
110
380
2. Results
When applying the proposed technology, it is also necessary to
Knowing the annual performance, it is possible to determine the profit of the enterprise (part of the
take
into
account
the
cost
the hangar
and
thetheannual
cost
its
results
is shown
graphically
below).
Theof
calculations
will require
knowing
gold content
in theof
sands
and the cost of mining operations.
movement
(Figures 2, 3). The cost of the hangar includes the cost of
When applying the proposed technology, it is also necessary to take into account the cost of the
polycarbonate,
metal
pipes,
sleds,
and
installation
of the
structure.
hangar and the annual
cost of its
movement
(Figures
2, 3).
The cost of the hangar
includes
the cost of
100
250
Next, the difference in net profit at traditional and proposed technology is determined for different size
100
dredges, different
maneuvering angles, and gold content in the sand.
an example, Figure 4 shows
C =As
1,38∙T
the increase80in profit when operating a 250-liter dredge employing the proposed technology. Here
horizontal lines show the cost of the hangar. The presented results are obtained at a gold content in
60 to 0.1 g/m3.
the sand equal
u
90
150
140
Figure 4 shows the increase
inmaneuvering
profit when
operating a 250-liter
Dredge
angle, deg.
200
dredge employing the proposed technology. Here horizontal lines
180
Scoop
capacity,The
l
50
80
150
250 obtained
380
show the cost of the
hangar.
presented
results
are
at
C = 1,48∙T
160
3
.
a gold content
in
the
sand
equal
to
0.1
g/m
140
Using the formulas presented above, one can calculate the performance of dredges of different
standard sizes at the traditional technology of field development and the proposed one.
80
80
130
9
3
70
50
120
rubles obtained
2 when using the proposed technology, m is the coefficient depending on the type of
neuvering
angles,
and80Tgold
content
in the
sand.120As an130example,
dredge, and the
is the 90
payback period
60maneuvering
70 angle;
100 in years.
110
140
Knowing the annual performance, it is possible to determine
𝑄𝑄KLMN of
= 24the
⋅ 𝑄𝑄J ⋅results
𝐾𝐾P ⋅ 𝑇𝑇, m /year
(4)
the profit of the enterprise (part
is shown graphically
below). The calculations will require knowing the gold content in
where K is the labor utilization rate.
the
sands and the cost of mining operations.
60
90
100
110
Dredge maneuvering angle, deg.
Scoop capacity, l
10
The average annual dredge performance is determined by the equation:
0
80
Next, the difference in net profit at traditional and proposed technology is determined for different size
6
dredges, different
maneuvering angles, and gold content in the sand. As an example, Figure 4 shows
the2.
increase
Results
5 in profit when operating a 250-liter dredge employing the proposed technology. Here
horizontal lines show the cost of the hangar. The presented results are obtained at a gold content in
3
4 tothe
difference
in net profit at traditional and proposed
.
the sandNext,
equal
0.1 g/m
3 the graphs,
technology
is determined
for
different
dredges,
While
plotting
equations of the
form
C=m∙T weresize
obtained,
where C different
is the profit inmamillion
The fill factor of scoops with rock depends more on the angle
of the dredge maneuvering. Thus, at an angle of 60 degrees, the
fill factor is 0.95, while at an angle of 140 degrees, it decreases
to 0.77.
, m3/year
7
Figure 3. Annual costs for moving the hangar for different dredge maneu8
2. vering
Results angles
7
where n is the speed of the scooping chain, scoops/min; Kp is the
swell factor of rocks; Ks is the average fill factor of scoops with
rock.
The average annual dredge performance is determined by the
equation:
8
Profit obtained when using the proposed
Profit obtained when using the proposed technology, and the cost of the hangar,
technology, and the cost of the hangar,
thousand dollars
thousand dollars
However, when using the proposed technology, the above formulas do not consider the cost of the hangar, its change at different
angles of maneuvering of the dredge, and the gold content in the
sand. Therefore, the optimal width of a single dredge face will be
carried out using the method presented below.
9
Annual cost of moving the hangar,
thousand dollars
where is the lateral movement speed of the dredge along the
face, m/s; kc is the number of removed rock layers during the layer-by-layer mining of one face; R is the radius of dredge scooping,
m; t1 is the time required for one step, h; t2 is the downtime of the
dredge in the corners of the face when moving to the excavation of
the underlying rock layer, h (Leshkov, 1985).
10
380
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Dredge maneuvering angle, deg.
Figure 2. Cost of the hangar depending on the type of dredge and maneuvering angle
Figure 2. Cost of the hangar depending on the type of dredge and maneuvering angle
Figure 5. Dependence of the payback period for a 250-liter dredge on the
maneuvering angle at a gold content in the sand of 0.1 g/m3
Thus, when using the proposed technology with a 250-liter dredge at a gold content of 0.1 g/m3, the
optimal dredging angle is 67 degrees. The optimal dredging angles for other mining conditions are
shown graphically in Figure 6.
145
Next, the optimal width of a single front bank is determined according to the known dependence (2).
The calculated data, as well as the resulting equations, are presented in Figure 7.
Investment payb
years
8
7
6
R. Z. Nafikov, et al. / Scientific Mining Journal, 2022, 61(3), 143-147
5
Thus, 4when
the
with150a 250-liter
50
60using
70
80 proposed
90
100
110technology
120
130
140
dredge at a gold content
of 0.1
g/m3,angle,
the optimal
dredging angle is
Dredge
maneuvering
deg.
67 degrees. The optimal dredging angles for other mining conditions are shown graphically in Figure 6.
70
60
Hangar area, thousand m2
Sa = 0,28·β + 21
optimal
width
a single
front
bank
is ofdetermined
Thus, when Next,
using thethe
proposed
technology
with of
a 250-liter
dredge
at a gold
content
0.1 g/m3, the
optimalaccording
dredging angletois the
67 degrees.
Thedependence
optimal dredging (2).
anglesThe
for other
mining conditions
known
calculated
data,are
as
shown graphically in Figure 6.
well as the resulting equations, are presented in Figure 7.
Optimal dredge maneuvering angle,
degree
Next, the optimal width of a single front bank is determined according to the known dependence (2).
The calculated data, as well as the resulting equations, are presented in Figure 7.
100
βопт = 107,2·с0,12
R² = 0,99
95
βопт = 96,1·с0,11
R² = 0,97
85
βопт = 73,4·с0,02
R² = 0,95
75
70
65
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
0,4
80
150
250
380
Вопт = 45,8·с0,09
R² = 0,96
50
40
Вопт = 61,7·с0,06
R² = 0,97
Вопт = 40,6·с0,09
R² =0,99
30
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
Gold content in the sand, g/m3
Scoop capacity, l 50
80
150
80
90
100
110
Dredge maneuvering angle, deg.
0,35
250
80
150
120
250
130
140
380
Hangar area for different types of dredgers at different maneu-
3. Discussion
Below is considered the change in the annual performance of
dredging when applying the proposed technology for dredge isoThe
hangarAs
must
dismantled when
a stable above-zero
temperature
when it
lating.
anbe example,
a conditional
fieldambient
located
in theoccurs,
Far orNorth
exceeds the air temperature inside the dredge hangar. In the current case, the date of the dismantling
whose development is carried out using a 250-liter
ofis
theconsidered
hangar is April 24.
dredge. The
insulating material for the hangar is 10 mm thick poly20
carbonate with a light transmission coefficient of 0.75.
Air temperature, oC
Optimal width of a single front-back, m
60
70
Figure 9 shows the calculated data of the annual air temperature dynamics in the dredge hangar. At
that, it should be noted that the installation of the hangar is recommended in the fall when the ambient
air temperature is below the water temperature in the dredge open cast. This allows using the heat
released from the open cast water in the dredge hangar with maximum efficiency. Thus, in the area
under consideration, the installation of the hangar must be carried out on September 15.
Вопт = 62,6·с0,02
R² = 0,95
70
60
Below
is considered
vering
angles the change in the annual performance of dredging when applying the proposed
technology for dredge isolating. As an example, a conditional field located in the Far North is
considered whose development is carried out using a 250-liter dredge. The insulating material for the
hangar is 10 mm thick polycarbonate with a light transmission coefficient of 0.75.
Вопт = 104,5·с0,01
R² = 0,95
80
Sa = 0,02·β + 4,37
Sa = 0,01·β + 4,35
10
Figure 9 shows the calculated data of the annual air tempera0
ture dynamics in the dredge hangar. At that, it should be noted that
-10
the installation
of the hangar is recommended in the fall when the
ambient -20
air temperature is below the water temperature in the
dredge open
cast. This allows using the heat released from the
-30
March
May
July
September
November
open castJanuary
water in
the dredge
hangar
with maximum
efficiency.
Thus, in the area
under
consideration,
installation
In natural
conditions
Insidethe
the dredging
hangar of the hangar must be carried out on September 15.
110
90
Sa = 0,06·β + 4,17
3.Figure
Discussion
8.
Figure 6. Optimal maneuvering angles depending on the dredge type and
the gold content in the sand
100
20
50
Gold content in the sand, g/m3
Scoop capacity, 50
Sa = 0,13·β + 5,95
30
0
βопт = 88,3·с0,08
R² = 0,97
βопт = 70·с0,02
R² = 0,95
0,1
40
10
90
80
50
The hangar must be dismantled when a stable above-zero ambient temperature occurs, or when it exceeds the air temperature
inside the dredge hangar. In the current case, the date of the dismantling of the hangar is April 24.
0,4
380
When using the technology to isolate the dredge section from the effects of subzero temperatures, it is
necessary to solve the following problem. On the one hand, it is necessary to ensure the safe
maneuvering
of the dredge
in the
on the
other
hand, to create
a hangar
with type
the
Figure
7. Optimal
width
of ahangar,
singlewhile
front
back
depending
on the
dredge
minimum possible size to reduce the capital costs of its construction.
and the gold content in the sand
The hangar area can be determined based on the graph analytic method and using the known optimal
width of a single front bank. According to the calculated values of the face width, one can build
When
technology
to isolate
thesoftware.
dredge
section
from
hangars
for theusing
dredging the
of different
models employing
the AutoCAD
At that,
the safe gap
on
eacheffects
side equalof
to 0.5
m should be
taken into account, assuming
a one-step movement
of the
dredge
the
subzero
temperatures,
it is necessary
to solve
the
folwithin the hangar, which is an economically feasible option.
lowing problem. On the one hand, it is necessary to ensure the safe
The results are shown
Figuredredge
8.
maneuvering
ofinthe
in the hangar, while on the other hand,
to create a hangar with the minimum possible size to reduce the
capital costs of its construction..
The hangar area can be determined based on the graph analytic method and using the known optimal width of a single front
bank. According to the calculated values of the face width, one can
build hangars for the dredging of different models employing the
AutoCAD software. At that, the safe gap on each side equal to 0.5
m should be taken into account, assuming a one-step movement
of the dredge within the hangar, which is an economically feasible
option.
The results are shown in Figure 8.
Figure 9. Example of annual air temperature dynamics
146
Next, the change in the duration of the dredging season when
using the proposed technology is estimated. In all cases, the dredging season is limited to the period when the daily performance of
the dredge is greater than the minimum allowable performance.
The conducted calculations have shown that when the proposed
technology is applied at the considered conditional field, the duration of the dredge season increases by 130 days (Figure 10).
Next, the change in the duration of the dredging season when using the proposed technology is
estimated. In all cases, the dredging season is limited to the period when the daily performance of the
dredge is greater than the minimum allowable performance. The conducted calculations have shown
that when the proposed technology is applied at the considered
conditional
the duration
of the Dergisi, 2022, 61(3), 143-147
R. Z. Nafikov,
vd.field,
/ Bilimsel
Madencilik
dredge season increases by 130 days (Figure 10).
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Figure 10. Example of determining the rational duration of the dredging
4. Conclusion
season
Similar studies were carried out for dredgers of different models employed for the development of
deposits in the region of 50-70 degrees north latitude. The conducted calculations revealed that the Kislyakov, V. E., Nafikov, R. Z., Vokin, V. N., Veretenova, T. A. and Bakhtiguzin,
duration
of the dredging season increased on average by 100-150 days. In all cases, the annual
Conclusion
A. A. 2018. Temperature regime of water in the dredge cross-section
dredge performance was also significantly increased, which allowed recouping the costs of the hangar
during the development of frozen soils. Achievements of Modern NatSimilar studies were carried out for dredgers of different modand other needs of the enterprise.
ural Science. 12-2, 353-357.
els employed for the development of deposits in the region of 50-
For example, when implementing the proposed technology in a field located in the region of 60
70 north
degrees
latitude.
The dredge,
conducted
degrees
latitudenorth
and employing
a 250-liter
the total calculations
annual economic revealed
effect was about Kostromin, M. V., Yurgenson, G. A. and Pozlutko, S. G. 2007. Problems of
that thedollars.
duration of the dredging season increased on average by
130 thousand
dredge development of continental placers. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 180 p.
100-150
days.
all revealed
cases, that
the this
annual
performance
During
the survey,
it wasInalso
methoddredge
of extending
the dredging was
season in
comparison
with others has several
advantages,
suchallowed
as the possibility
of uninterrupted
operation
also significantly
increased,
which
recouping
the costs
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example,
when ofimplementing
the the
proposed
technology
in is
It should be
noted
that the isolation
mine workings against
effects of subzero
temperatures
possible
not only
by employing
dredging
of miningnorth
but alsolatitude
by using other
a field
located
in thetheregion
ofmethod
60 degrees
and methods
em- of Rafkatovich, A. K. and Mironova, K. V. 2018. Methods for the reduction of
developing placer deposits characterized by a high degree of the water content of the deposit. Thus,
ploying a 250-liter dredge, the total annual economic effect was
loss and optimization processes of open-pit mining operations when
today, the presented technology is one of the most promising areas in the mining industry.
about 130 thousand dollars.
mining man-made deposits formed by sections. Journal of Engineering
and Applied Sciences. 13(7), 1624-1631.
5. Acknowledgments
the
survey, by
it was
also revealed
thisFoundation
methodfor
ofprojects
ex- of
The work During
in this area
is supported
the Krasnoyarsk
Regionalthat
Science
applied
scientificthe
research
and experimental
developments carried
by undergraduates
tending
dredging
season in comparison
with out
others
has sever- and Ryzhov, S. V. 2020. Substantiation of the production capacity structure of
postgraduates to ensure the sustainable development of the Arctic and the Far North.
al advantages, such as the possibility of uninterrupted operation at
a gold mining enterprise at various stages of the open-pit mining development of operations. Bulletin of the Tula State University. Earth
subzero temperatures, as well as low cost, and no need for
Sciences. 1, 458-470.
Belov,annual
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ing. Mining Industry. 5, 70-72.
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Acknowledgments
The work in this area is supported by the Krasnoyarsk Regional Science Foundation for projects of applied scientific research
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and postgraduates to ensure the sustainable development of the
Arctic and the Far North.
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147