Far North

In the early decades of the Soviet Union filmmakers sought to create a cinematic map of the new state by portraying its land and peoples on screen. These films – at the time referred to as kulturfilms – served as experimental grounds for developing the cinematic formulae of a multiethnic Soviet identity and developed multiple scenic, cultural and ethnographic modalities for showing the Soviet periphery. Screening Soviet Nationalities examines the non-fictional representations of Soviet borderlands from the Far North to the Northern Caucasus and Central Asia between 1925-1940. Beginning with Dziga Vertov and his vision of the Soviet space as a unified, multinational mosaic, Oksana Sarkisova rediscovers films by Vladimir Erofeev, Alexander Litvinov, Vladimir Shneiderov, Mikhail Slutskii, Amo Bek-Nazarov, Mikhail Kalatozov, Roman Karmen and other filmmakers who helped construct an image of Soviet ethnic diversity and left behind a lasting visual legacy.

The book contributes to our understanding of changing ethnographic conventions of representation, looks at representations of diversity despite the homogenizing ambitions of Soviet-driven modernity, and reexamines methods of blending reality and fiction as part of both ideological and educational agendas. Using a wealth of unexplored archival evidence, Sarkisova analyses constructions of exoticism, backwardness and a multinational Soviet space through these remarkable and underexplored historical travelogues.

This article explores the issue of building international political structures in the High North area from the perspective of international regimes theory. The first section develops theoretical framework for analysis of regime in the Arctic – containing various conceptions describing relationships between notions, factors and determinants, the following section investigates the most significant issues and political science agenda concerning current situation in Arctic, the third section examines several approaches explaining the possibility development of international regime in that area.

Introduction: Difficulty of access to and use of decent latrines is one of the major concerns of our century. This, as it affects more than one billion people, particularly in the developing world. Even more, it affects the health of people and seriously hinders their development as well as their mental and social well-being. It is as a prelude to the foregoing that this study was conducted with the aim of assessing the type of devices and their level of use by households in Far North of Cameroon. Methodology: An investigation was conducted among 1,050 households selected in a stratified manner in 56 villages in 10 communes of the Far North region during the year 2016. This through an evaluation of the type of device, as well as their level of use by households in this region. Original Research Article Nbendah et al.; AJARR, 14(4): 61-73, 2020; Article no.AJARR.62849 62 Results: More than 80% of the latrines encountered are unimproved because they do not allow a safe separation betw...

This article considers the way in which the development policy for the Extreme North during the post-Stalin era influenced criticism of living conditions in Arctic cities. With reference to periodicals published in Vorkuta, Norilsk, and Mirny, the author analyses how the official rhetoric that claimed to improve the well-being of the local population and change the social structure of northern cities contributed to a reflection on urban issues both in the former labour camps and in new industrial cities. The abolition of the gulag and the extensive exploitation of natural resources in the USSR's Extreme North caused more people to migrate to the region in the first half of the 1950s. In official narratives of this period, the cities of the Extreme North became symbolic of the conquest of harsh nature: they were used as proof of the homogeneity of inhabited space and the fact that a Soviet reality could be created in any natural conditions. Mass immigration to these cities (and the outflow of workers from central regions) favoured the free circulation of information and the emergence of strong criticism of the living conditions in the cities in question.

Игарка ― первый советский город за Полярным кругом ― строилась как город-эксперимент с 1929 г. Она возводилась как строительный эксперимент в условиях неизученных и непредсказуемых вечномерзлых грунтов, как социальный эксперимент в ситуации перехода к новому обобществленному быту Советского Союза, как планетарный культурный эксперимент в контексте прокладываемого Великого Северного морского пути. Для строительства этого необычного города в 1931 г. был приглашен известный московский авангардист Иван Леонидов. Архитектор провел в Игарке около полугода, повлияв на формирование города. Но одновременно само пространство Игарки изменило его концепцию идеального Города, которая вырастет в грандиозный философско-художественный проект в 1940-е–1950-е гг.

Статья посвящена анализу институциональных изменений экономических исследований советского Севера в середине 1950-х гг., благодаря которым меняется концепция северных районов СССР. На примере деятельно- сти Комиссии по проблемам Севера при СОПС АН СССР и работ ее создателя С.В. Славина в статье раскрыты причины и механизмы изменений принципов освоения советского Севера в послесталинское время. Комиссия по проблемам Севера стала главным координационным центром, связывающим разнообразные научные учреждения в центре и на местах, плановые инстанции и промышленные ведомства для выработки новых схем освоения Севера без применения принуди- тельного труда. На основе опубликованных работ С.В. Славина и неиспользовав- шихся ранее архивных материалов показано, как с середины 1950-х гг. Славин стал активно формулировать новую концепцию советского Севера, смещая акценты с диктата развития промышленности на необходимость создания благо- приятной среды для человека на Севере.

Industrialisation and social transformations changed the landscapes of the Soviet Arctic and stimulated discussions about the models of its domestication. Numerous industrial towns in the Soviet Far North in the 1930s were established next to Gulag labour camps. The attempt of technical, social and visual re-conceptualisation of urban space in the Soviet Arctic related to several reforms of the post-Stalin period. This chapter analyses how Leningrad architects since the 1950s used modernist urban projects for the realisation of their professional and personal ambitions trying to create a new conception of a “normal city” in extreme climate. While most were not implemented, their appearance shows the shift of the attitude toward the North in the USSR as well as the controversial changes of experts’ position.

https://www.nlobooks.ru/magazines/neprikosnovennyy_zapas/97_nz_5_2014/article/11146/ 

The paper analyzes the roots of present-day condition of Igarka – the Far North port, built on the unpredictable permafrost. Formerly symbol of the first five-year-plan, Igarka has become today a surrealistic and sad wasteland. „Creeping” structure of Igarka's development my be explained only by understanding revolutionary constructivist experiment, which was challenging traditional idea of a city. Against the will of the town founders and current authorities a place attachment among Igarka's inhabitants occurs. And this is what makes Igarka different from surrounding „non-places” (non-lieux) – FIFO camps.


Темой исследования являются корни современного состояния Игарки —
северного города-порта, построенного на непредсказуемой вечной мерзлоте, когда то символа первой пятилетки, а сегодня сюрреалистического и грустного пустыря. «Ползучую» структуру развития Игарки может помочь объяснить понимание конструктивистского, революционного эксперимента, бросившего вызов традиционному восприятию городской идеи. Однако, вопреки основателям и нынешним властям  города, среди местных жителей рождается привязанность к месту, что и отличает Игарку от окружающих ее «не-мест» (non-lieux) — вахтовых поселков.



Tekst jest analizą przyczyn współczesnego stanu Igarki – północnego miasta-portu wzniesionego na nieprzewidywalnej wiecznej zmarzlinie, niegdyś symbolu pierwszej pięciolatki, a dziś surrealistycznego i smutnego pustkowia. „Pełzającą” strukturę rozwoju Igarki może pomóc wyjaśnić zrozumienie konstruktywistycznego, rewolucyjnego eksperymentu rzucającego wyzwanie tradycyjnemu rozumieniu idei miejskiej. Jednak, wbrew twórcom i obecnym władzom miasta, wśród mieszkańców rodzi się przywiązanie do miejsca, co i odróżnia Igarkę od otaczających ją „nie-miejsc” (non-lieux) — osiedli „wachtowych”.

Неприкосновенный запас. Дебаты о политике и культуре, 2014, № 5 (97), сc. 209-223.

Introduction: Difficulty of access to and use of decent latrines is one of the major concerns of our century. This, as it affects more than one billion people, particularly in the developing world. Even more, it affects the health of people and seriously hinders their development as well as their mental and social well-being. It is as a prelude to the foregoing that this study was conducted with the aim of assessing the type of devices and their level of use by households in Far North of Cameroon. Methodology: An investigation was conducted among 1,050 households selected in a stratified manner in 56 villages in 10 communes of the Far North region during the year 2016. This through an evaluation of the type of device, as well as their level of use by households in this region. Original Research Article Nbendah et al.; AJARR, 14(4): 61-73, 2020; Article no.AJARR.62849 62 Results: More than 80% of the latrines encountered are unimproved because they do not allow a safe separation betw...

Introduction: Difficulty of access to and use of decent latrines is one of the major concerns of our century. This, as it affects more than one billion people, particularly in the developing world. Even more, it affects the health of people and seriously hinders their development as well as their mental and social well-being. It is as a prelude to the foregoing that this study was conducted with the aim of assessing the type of devices and their level of use by households in Far North of Cameroon. Methodology: An investigation was conducted among 1,050 households selected in a stratified manner in 56 villages in 10 communes of the Far North region during the year 2016. This through an evaluation of the type of device, as well as their level of use by households in this region. Original Research Article Nbendah et al.; AJARR, 14(4): 61-73, 2020; Article no.AJARR.62849 62 Results: More than 80% of the latrines encountered are unimproved because they do not allow a safe separation between feces, humans and the environment. The percentage of use of these devices is 92.5% for the households surveyed, which is below the national level estimated at 94%. The non-users of latrines are either non latrine holders or latrine holders who prefer to relieve themselves in the open air. Conclusion: The study revealed that the majority of households use latrines. However, these latrines are mostly unimproved. Open defecation is still practiced in some localities. Impact of the study: This study provides the baseline situation for latrine use in the Far North and thus marks the starting point for any intervention to improve the situation of latrine access in this region.