Women's Movement and Histories of Feminisms

El año 2018 es un momento clave para el movimiento feminista a
nivel mundial. En Chile, las estudiantes feministas se transforman en una marea violeta que se toma calles e instituciones luchando por una educación no sexista y terminar con el acoso sexual hacia las mujeres. Este artículo plantea que este movimiento tiene anclajes históricos y globales que se configuran de manera paralela a las demandas visibilizadas en las calles. Como hipótesis se plantea también que este movimiento representa la cuarta ola feminista. La metodología es cualitativa, con base en entrevistas en profundidad a activistas feministas y análisis de fuentes secundarias.

Between the Pillars of Welfare, Cultural Work, Politicization, and Feminism: The Zionist “Circle of Jewish Women” in Lviv, 1908–1939

The Circle of Jewish Women (“Koło Kobiet Żydowskich”), founded in Lemberg/Lviv in 1908 and active until 1939, played a vital role in the organization of Zionist women in the city and other places in Eastern Galicia. It was founded, among others, by Róża Pomeranc Melcer, one of the pioneers of Zionist women’s associations in Galicia and the first and only Jewish woman parliamentarian in the Second Polish Republic. Nevertheless, the history of the Circle, as well as the work of its many active members—many of whom perished in the Holocaust—has been almost forgotten and is rarely explored.

The author of the article argues that this organization not only represents social welfare, but it also embodies elements of social support, cultural work, politicization, and feminism. Therefore, the author emphasizes the role the Circle played in the process of organizing Zionist women in Lviv and Galicia before World War I and especially during the interwar period in the Second Polish Republic, and how it contributed to women’s emancipation. Thus, the history of one of the most important Zionist women’s organizations is reconstructed and its versatile work facets explored in more detail.

In  recent  years,  the  Chilean  feminist  movement  has  played an important role in challenging major aspects of national    political    and    economic    governance.    The    question  of  democracy,  approached  from  a  feminist  perspective,  has  once  again  achieved  prominence, particularly  in  terms  of  how  feminism  rethinks  the  normal  course  of  politics,  its  spheres  of  operation,  and  the  nature  of  its  transformations.  The  theoretical  and  political  proposals  of  feminism  in  1980s  Chile,  which  advocated an alternative form of democratization, have once  again  become  valid.  This  article  analyzes  those  proposals, focusing on concepts of politics and democracy as expressed by socialist Chilean authors such as Julieta Kirkwood,  Adriana  Muñoz,  and  Natacha  Molina,  revealing the structure of a feminist political theory that has developed its own vision of politics, democracy, and democratization based on academic reflection and socio-political practice and experience.Keywords: feminist        movement,        dictatorship,        democratization, feminism, gender.Contacto: La comunicación sobre este artículo debe ser enviada a Luna Follegati Montenegro, email lufollegati@uc.clFinanciamiento: Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID), PIA, Proyecto Anillos en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, The Production of the Gender Norm, SOC 180023.

Amid an enduring political deadlock in Parliament, the first civil marriage contracted in Lebanon in 2013 received significant media coverage in a country where the personal status law of eighteen recognized religious sects governs marriage. This case study examines the debate on civil marriage reform and the implications for women’s rights in Lebanon. For advocates, the recognition of civil marriage legalizes interreligious marriages, strengthens secular citizenship, shifts the jurisdiction of marriage from religious to civil law, and ensures women’s rights. Opponents, meanwhile, fear the loss of religious autonomy, the transformation of self-identification in Lebanon from sect to nation, and the destabilization of the confessional system. To date, civil marriage reform has been incremental, given clerical and social opposition, but the winds of change are blowing as couples increasingly take matters into their own hands to reform Lebanon’s system of personal status from the ground up.

Ao situarmos historicamente a mulher no cenário político, homenageamos Angela Merkel, Chancelar alemã, que por 18 anos liderou 80 milhões de alemães, com habilidade, dedicação, sinceridade e honestidade. Angela Merkel foi denominada "A Senhora do Mundo", descrita