Southwestern United States

The Pinto shear zone is one of several Late Cretaceous shear zones within the eastern fringe of the Mesozoic magmatic arc of the southwest Cordilleran orogen that developed synchronous with continued plate convergence and backarc shortening. We demonstrate an extensional origin for the shear zone by describing the shear-zone geometry and kinematics, hanging wall deformation style, progressive changes in deformation

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a teacher report measure, the Teacher Rating of Oral Language and Literacy (TROLL; Dickinson et al. in Teacher rating of oral language and literacy (TROLL): a research-based tool. Center for the Improvement of Early Reading Achievement, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 2001) and a direct behavioral measure of language development, the Preschool Language Scale-4 (PLS-4; Zimmerman et al. in Preschool Language Scale-4. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, 2002), among English-speaking (n = 210), Spanish-speaking (n = 34), and English/Spanish bilingual (n = 109) typically-developing preschool children. Three hundred and fifty-three preschool children who attended early childhood education programs in an urban area of the Southwestern United States participated. Preschool teachers completed the TROLL, and the PLS-4 was individually administered to the children at preschool centers. The TROLL and PLS-4 were significantly correlated for English-speaking children, but with small effect sizes noted. For Spanish-speaking children, the TROLL and the expressive subscale of the PLS-4 were not significant, and for bilingual children the TROLL and PLS-4 were not significant. English-speaking children scored higher on the TROLL than the Spanish-speaking and bilingual children. Finally, a higher proportion of Spanish-speaking and bilingual children received a TROLL score at or below the 10th percentile. Results suggest that the TROLL did not adequately capture typically developing children’s linguistic and literacy development in a uniform manner across language groups. Caution is recommended when relying upon a single instrument to describe the emergent literacy and language skills of preschool children from Spanish-speaking and bilingual backgrounds.

The latest wave of immigration1 to the United States—mainly from Asia, the Caribbean, and Latin America—has permanently altered the racial and ethnic composition of the United States.2 One consequence is that Latinos replaced African Americans as the largest ethnic minority group at the turn of the new century. Many communities, both inside and outside traditional destination points in the southwestern

In this longitudinal study, we followed a large sample of first-time parents (both partners) across the first 2 years of the transition to parenthood. Guided by attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969), we tested several predictions about how attachment anxiety and avoidance are related to the incidence, maintenance, increase, and decline of depressive symptoms in both sexes across the first 2 years of the transition. We found that (a) the association between attachment anxiety and depressive symptoms was moderated by factors related to the marital and/or romantic relationship; (b) the association between avoidance and depressive symptoms was moderated by factors related to family responsibilities; (c) styles of caregiving provided by romantic partners affected depressive symptoms differently among anxious and avoidant persons; and (d) in certain predictable situations, depressive symptoms persisted at higher levels or increased to higher levels in anxious or avoidant persons across the 2-y...

Abstract: Ecologists and conservationists have long assumed that large grazers, including bison (Bison bison), did not occur in post-Pleistocene southwestern North America. This perception has been influential in framing the debate over conservation and land use in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. The lack of an evolutionary history of large grazers is being used to challenge the validity of ranching as a conservation strategy and to limit the protection and reintroduction of bison as a significant component of desert grassland ecosystems. Archeological records and historical accounts from Mexican archives from AD 700 to the 19th century document that the historic range of the bison included northern Mexico and adjoining areas in the United States. The Janos-Hidalgo bison herd, one of the few free-ranging bison herds in North America, has moved between Chihuahua, Mexico, and New Mexico, United States, since at least the 1920s. The persistence of this cross-border bison herd in Chihuahuan Desert grasslands and shrublands demonstrates that the species can persist in desert landscapes. Additional lines of evidence include the existence of grazing-adapted grasslands and the results of experimental studies that document declines in vegetation density and diversity following the removal of large grazers. The Janos-Hidalgo herd was formed with animals from various sources at the turn of the 19th century. Yet the future of the herd is compromised by differing perceptions of the ecological and evolutionary role of bison in the Desert Grasslands of North America. In Mexico they are considered native and are protected by federal law, whereas in New Mexico, they are considered non-native livestock and therefore lack conservation status or federal protection. Evidence written in Spanish of the presence of bison south of the accepted range and evidence from the disciplines of archaeology and history illustrate how differences in language and academic disciplines, in addition to international boundaries, have acted as barriers in shaping comprehensive approaches to conservation. Bison recovery in the region depends on binational cooperation.Resumen: Los ecólogos y conservacionistas han supuesto por mucho tiempo que los herbívoros mayores, incluyendo el bisonte (Bison bison), no habitaron en el suroeste de Norte América durante el post Pleistoceno. Esta percepción ha influido en el debate sobre la conservación y uso de suelo en el norte del Desierto Chihuahuense. La falta de una historia evolutiva de herbívoros mayores está siendo usada para desafiar la validez de la ganadería como una estrategia de conservación y para limitar la protección y reintroducción del bisonte como un elemento significativo de los ecosistemas de pastizales áridos. Los registros arqueológicos y los relatos históricos, desde AD 700 hasta el siglo diecinueve, en archivos mexicanos documentan que la distribución histórica del bisonte incluía el norte de México y áreas contiguas en Estados Unidos. La manada de bisontes de Janos-Hidalgo, una de las pocas manadas de bisontes libres en Norte América, se ha movido entre Chihuahua, México y Nuevo México, Estados Unidos, desde los 1920s por lo menos. La persistencia de esta manada transfronteriza de bisontes en los pastizales y matorrales del Desierto C demuestra que la especie puede persistir en paisajes desérticos. Líneas de evidencia adicionales incluyen la existencia de pastizales adaptados al pastoreo y los resultados de estudios experimentales que documentan reducciones de la densidad y diversidad de la vegetación después de la remoción de herbívoros mayores. La manada Janos-Hidalgo se formó a principios del siglo XIX con animales provenientes de varias fuentes. Sin embargo, el futuro de la manada está comprometido por diferentes percepciones del papel ecológico y evolutivo del bisonte en los Pastizales áridos de Norte América. En México, el bisonte es considerado nativo y está protegido por la legislación federal, mientras que en Nuevo México es considerado ganado no nativo y por lo tanto carece de estatus de conservación o de protección federal. La evidencia, escrita en español, de la presencia de bisonte al sur de la distribución aceptada y las evidencias arqueológicas e históricas ilustran que las diferencias de idioma y de disciplinas académicas, además de los límites internacionales, han sido barreras para la definición de métodos integrales de conservación. La recuperación del bisonte en la región depende de la cooperación binacional.Resumen: Los ecólogos y conservacionistas han supuesto por mucho tiempo que los herbívoros mayores, incluyendo el bisonte (Bison bison), no habitaron en el suroeste de Norte América durante el post Pleistoceno. Esta percepción ha influido en el debate sobre la conservación y uso de suelo en el norte del Desierto Chihuahuense. La falta de una historia evolutiva de herbívoros mayores está siendo usada para desafiar la validez de la ganadería como una estrategia de conservación y para limitar la protección y reintroducción del bisonte como un elemento significativo de los ecosistemas de pastizales áridos. Los registros arqueológicos y los relatos históricos, desde AD 700 hasta el siglo diecinueve, en archivos mexicanos documentan que la distribución histórica del bisonte incluía el norte de México y áreas contiguas en Estados Unidos. La manada de bisontes de Janos-Hidalgo, una de las pocas manadas de bisontes libres en Norte América, se ha movido entre Chihuahua, México y Nuevo México, Estados Unidos, desde los 1920s por lo menos. La persistencia de esta manada transfronteriza de bisontes en los pastizales y matorrales del Desierto C demuestra que la especie puede persistir en paisajes desérticos. Líneas de evidencia adicionales incluyen la existencia de pastizales adaptados al pastoreo y los resultados de estudios experimentales que documentan reducciones de la densidad y diversidad de la vegetación después de la remoción de herbívoros mayores. La manada Janos-Hidalgo se formó a principios del siglo XIX con animales provenientes de varias fuentes. Sin embargo, el futuro de la manada está comprometido por diferentes percepciones del papel ecológico y evolutivo del bisonte en los Pastizales áridos de Norte América. En México, el bisonte es considerado nativo y está protegido por la legislación federal, mientras que en Nuevo México es considerado ganado no nativo y por lo tanto carece de estatus de conservación o de protección federal. La evidencia, escrita en español, de la presencia de bisonte al sur de la distribución aceptada y las evidencias arqueológicas e históricas ilustran que las diferencias de idioma y de disciplinas académicas, además de los límites internacionales, han sido barreras para la definición de métodos integrales de conservación. La recuperación del bisonte en la región depende de la cooperación binacional.

Diagnosis plays a central, primary role in the therapeutic process across cultures. In this article, the authors examine the role of diagnosis in two Navajo religious healing traditions, the Traditional Navajo religion and the Native American Church (NAC), and examine a case study of a diagnostic encounter between an NAC diagnostician and a Traditional patient. The authors assert that, for Navajos, diagnosis is not merely a prescriptive rite that passively initiates the therapeutic process (as it has been seen in the Navajo literature) but can itself constitute a cure. Claims made about the similarity between Western psychotherapy and religious healing both by scholars and by the healer and patient in this case study are investigated. The authors conclude that such an analogy must be seen against the backdrop of Navajo beliefs about thought, speech, and health. Viewing diagnosis as a "talking cure" and an example of Good's concept of "narrativizing" illness (things it shares with Western psychotherapy) suggests why the analogy is appealing for Navajos themselves.

Review of turnover costs at a major medical center helps health care managers gain insights about the magnitude and determinants of this managerial challenge and assess the implications for organizational effectiveness. Here, turnover includes hiring, training, and productivity loss costs. Minimum cost of turnover represented a loss of >5 percent of the total annual operating budget.

The reliability and validity of Hoffman and Kloska’s (1995) Gender-based Attitudes toward Marital Roles (GATMR) and Gender-based Attitudes toward Child Rearing (GATCR) were assessed for a sample of Mexican American mothers and fathers (n = 167) of fifth-grade children in a large metropolitan area in the southwestern United States. Factor analysis was conducted, and the results suggest that the 6-item GATMR is

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the food safety knowledge and practices of catering employees in one city in the Southwestern United States.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers administered a 20‐question food safety survey to catering employees and observed their actions while performing catering duties.FindingsThe paper finds that employees earned a mean score of 71.5 per cent on the 20‐question survey. They were most knowledgeable about personal hygiene, but did not practise proper hygiene during the catering functions. The most common food safety violations were not wearing gloves when required, not washing hands, not checking food temperatures, and not properly covering foods in warming and/or refrigeration units.Research limitations/implicationsLack of interest and concern about bad publicity prevented many caterers from participating in the study. The presence of observers during a catering event could have affected employees' performance.Practical imp...