Public Services

The police station's buildings have the most functional interleaving among their different functions. There are various users of those buildings and different requirements, so the designer faces difficult while dealing with those buildings. The police station departments provide several civil services for the citizens in Egypt in addition to the fire stations, the traffic department, and investigation department in annex buildings or the in same buildings. The firm belief that some people thought that the police stations concern on the security services only, but it is unreal.
  On this perspective, the study tries to devise the role, which the architecture could play to improve the service of the police stations, which will effect on improving the psychological feelings towards the buildings of the police stations through activating the police stations buildings design according to the global design standards. The researcher will achieve that through undertaking study to compare between the local and international police stations.
Therefore, the reach reviews the most important characteristic of the police regime in Egypt over various ages beginning with the pharaonic  age going through the changes of the police regime in the Islamic age till reaching the organizational structure what is it today. The research also reviews the police stations and its relation with the local bodies in order to know the station systematic in Egypt according to the Chronological order.
The study tackled the architecture section (subject matter) defining the international standard criteria of the design of the police stations according to the theoretical study in the reference books beside studying examples of adopted standard design of the police stations in the standard architectural books to get set of measurable standard requirements in the second chapter.
In the view of the fact that the standard examples have incomplete buildings which its operational efficiency can't be measured. Also, being limited models which competent to service size of population which doesn't conform to the local reality. So, the study analyzes international models of the police stations in various countries which were built recently (over the last ten years after 2005) to get measuring rule of the matrix including the designing principles and basis's to follow it during building the police stations in the current age, those points are tackled in the third chapter .
Finally, in the fourth chapter, the study deals with the analytic details of the modern local police station which is adopted by the public administration of the projects and the financial research of the Ministry of Interior which the researcher considered the typical model because of its novelty and adopted by the competent authorities and comparing it with the result of the second and the third chapter (measuring ruler). 
The study concluded the researcher findings to the recommendations, which he thought that it the findings can increase the functional efficiency of the police station buildings in the security and service part according to the analytic theoretical and practical study through clear methodology. 

تعد مباني الأقسام الشرطية من المباني متداخلة العلاقات الوظيفية، حيث يتعدد أنواع المستخدمين لتلك المباني وتتفاوت احتياجاتهم، وهو الأمر الذي يصعب علي المصمم التعامل معه في تلك المباني. وتقدم مباني أقسام الشرطة في مصر العديد من الخدمات المدنية للمواطنين، إضافة إلي إلحاق المطافئ والمرور والمباحث بقسم الشرطة، وذلك في مباني منفصلة أو في نفس المبني، إلا أن الاعتقاد الراسخ عند أغلب الشعب هو أن أقسام الشرطة معنية بالخدمات الأمنية فقط، وهو الأمر المنافي للحقيقة.
ومن هذا المنطلق تحاول الدراسة استنباط الدور الذي يمكن أن تلعبه العمارة في تحسين الدور الخدمي لأقسام الشرطة والذي سوف يؤثر علي تحسين الشعور النفسي تجاه مباني أقسام الشرطة وذلك بالاعتماد علي تصميم مباني أقسام الشرطة المحلية وفقا للمعايير التصميمية العالمية.
ومن ثم يتعرض البحث في الفصل الأول منه لأهم سمات النظام الشرطي في مصر في العصور المختلفة بداية من العصر الفرعوني، مرورا بتحولات النظام الشرطي في عصر الدولة الإسلامية، ووصولا إلي الهيكل التنظيمي الذي عليه النظام الشرطي في مصر اليوم، وعلاقته بالأجهزة المحلية وذلك لمعرفة طبيعة النظام الشرطي في مصر وفقا لذلك التسلسل التاريخي.
ثم انتقلت الدراسة إلي الشق المعماري (موضوع الرسالة) وذلك بالتعرف علي المعايير التصميمية القياسية العالمية لأقسام الشرطة وفقا للدراسات النظرية في الكتب المرجعية، وأيضا دراسة أمثلة أقسام الشرطة القياسية المعتمدة في الكتب المعمارية القياسية، وذلك للخروج بمجموعة من الاشتراطات القياسية التي يمكن القياس عليها، وذلك في الفصل الثاني.
ونظرا لكون الأمثلة القياسية نماذج غير مبنية لا يمكن قياس كفاءة تشغلها، وأيضا كونها نماذج محدودة تختص بخدمة أعداد سكانية لا تتوافق مع الواقع المحلي، قامت الدراسة بتحليل نماذج لأقسام شرطة عالمية من دول مختلفة بنيت حديثا (خلال العشر سنوات الأخير بعد 2005) للخروج بمسطرة قياس في مصفوفة تشمل مبادئ وأسس تصميمية متبعة في بناء أقسام الشرطة في العصر الحالي، وكان هذا هو موضوع الفصل الثالث.
وأخيرا تعرضت الدراسة في فصلها الرابع بالتحليل التفصيلي لقسم شرطة محلي حديث معتمد من الإدارة العامة للمشروعات والبحوث المالية بوزارة الداخلية, واعتبره الباحث القسم النموذجي المحلي نظرا لحداثته واعتماده من الجهات المختصة، وتم مقارنته بنتائج الفصل الثاني والثالث (مسطرة القياس).
وقد خلصت الدراسة إلي نتائج خلص الباحث منها إلي توصيات يعتقد من وجهة نظر الدراسة أنه يمكن من خلالها رفع الكفاءة الوظيفية لمبني قسم الشرطة أمنيا وخدميا وفقا لدراسة نظرية تحليلية وتطبيقية ذات منهجية واضحة.

The scientific aim of the monograph is to critically evaluate the possibilities of applying the New Public Management, specifically the concept of Value for Money (VFM) in public service organizations on the example of healthcare facilities. The VFM concept is one of the least understood frameworks for measuring and evaluating performance. The value itself is dynamic term and evolves over time. The concept of VFM is a tool that can help in the search for value, but value itself represents a certain compromise between stakeholders in both the private and public sectors. The VFM concept can provide a basis for measuring and evaluating performance to ensure that the organization or public program remains on track to achieve the intended results within the resources identified. The scientific aim of the monograph is based on the findings to create a comparison or confirmation of previous findings of the application of the VFM concept in the public and private sector. The theoretical framework of a scientific monograph is based on performance management in general and specifics in public services. Performance management can in some way change the behavior of organizations and act as an important element of organizational improvement in public services. However, the specificities of public services and their organizations pose a risk of reducing other benefits arising from the provision of public services. The conclusions of the research provide a critical assessment of the overall possibilities of applying the concept of VFM in public services, through its application in health care organizations and also bring a theoretical shift in identifying the limitations and risks of VFM concept in public services and its emphasis on other types of public services.

Dive into articles, comics, inspirations and provocations on the "The Future of Service Design" generated by conversations with the global service design community and many pioneers and experts. Discover the emerging issues for the still young, yet mature practice. Enjoy the playful and manifold perspectives and browse through this landscape of highly relevant prospects.

This report sets out the findings of a major research study into the role of co-production between citizens and professionals in the delivery of public services in five EU states. It draws on data from a representative citizen survey in five European countries, including Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany and
the United Kingdom in May 2008 and from expert focus groups undertaken in those countries in early 2008. It is intended to contribute to the debate on how public agencies can deliver public services which best meet the needs of service users, citizens and taxpayers and the challenges for improving the future quality of public services.

2 Increasingly, we are seeing greater involvement of citizens in service delivery.Some of these developments have been driven by advances in ICT, particularly the internet, but there are also instances where citizens have begun to share with professionals some of the key service delivery tasks. It has also become clearer to service professionals over recent years that effective public services require the active contributions of both parties. Consequently, more and more service providers in the private and public sectors are seeking to co-operate with service users in order to tailor services better to their needs and to cut costs.

3 As a result, the relationship between service users and service professionals has changed profoundly, making service users less dependent, while, at the same time, giving them more responsibility. This has raised new interest in issues of co-production, a concept that is closely related to the inherent character of services. In particular, the literature on co-production highlights that production and consumption of many services are inseparable, which implies that quality in
services often occurs during service delivery, usually in the interaction between the customer and provider, rather than just at the end of the process. Therefore, the concept of co-production is a useful way of viewing the new role of citizens as
active participants in service delivery. Various objectives are being pursued by means of co-production, including improving public service quality by bringing in the expertise of the service
user, and often that of their families and communities as well,
into providing more differentiated services and increased choice, and making public services more responsive to users.

The definition of co-production used in this study is the “involvement of citizens in the delivery of public services to achieve outcomes, which depend at least partly on their own behaviour”.

4 Clearly, there is a wide range of citizen co-production roles in service delivery – from ‘hero’ to ‘zero’. Therefore, a citizen survey was undertaken to explore the level of this co-production between citizens and the public sector. However, to set this in context, the survey also explored the extent to which citizens sometimes become engaged in improving outcomes without any involvement with public sector agencies. In particular, the survey focussed on the following issues:
o How big is the role which citizens play in delivering public services?
o How does the involvement of citizens change their attitudes and expectations towards public services?
o Is the role of citizens in public service delivery likely to be more important in the future than at present? What are the obstacles and drivers of co-production in the public domain?

5. The survey was conducted by telephone from April 16 to May 5, 2008, among a representative random sample of 4,951 adults (18 years of age or older), with about 1,000 interviews in including Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany and the United Kingdom. The countries were chosen in order to get a wide range of different administrative cultures. The results presented in this report are sweighted according to each country’s representation in the European Union. In all the cases where we compare results across sectors or countries, the differences highlighted are statistically significant. Furthermore, the study focused on three different sectors which reflect distinctly different types of government functions:
o Community safety, as an example of coercive action on the part of the state
o Local environment, as an example of the regulatory function of the state
o Public health, as an example of the welfare improvement function of the state.

6. One key result of the survey is that, contrary to the assumptions made by focus group participants, there are significant levels of co-production by citizens in the five countries studied in all three sectors. Citizens are particularly active in taking steps to look after the local environment (index score 61), to a somewhat lesser degree in health improvement initiatives (index score 52) and considerably less active in prevention of crime (index score 45).

The UK’s New Labour government (1997 – 2010) continually wrestled to find ways of giving more emphasis to a mixed economy of public service provision, entailing greater externalization. This underlying drive was often resisted, particularly at local level, but consistently re-emerged in government policy (Bovaird and Downe, 2006).  This chapter chronicles the form which this drive took in the period from 2004 to 2010, which we characterise as a move to ‘strategic commissioning’. Whereas innovative approaches do not normally sweep through the public sector very rapidly, the move to strategic commissioning in the UK has been embraced by (almost) all central government ministries.  Further, it is multi-sectoral not only in the sense that it covers provision of welfare services by the public, private and third sectors, but it is also being applied to almost all sub-sectors of public services.
This chapter explores: the development of strategic commissioning in a range of public services; its limitations; and, some of the drivers which have led this particular wave of innovation to spread much more quickly through the UK public sector than have most other innovations (particularly those which are imposed by central government). It shows how a range of models (often developed in Whitehall) are being interpreted and redefined at the local level so that there is wide variation in the approaches to strategic commissioning actually being used in practice.  The chapter ends by drawing some of the lessons emerging to date from experience with the UK strategic commissioning approach and exploring the implications for the era of fiscal restraint under the new coalition government in the UK in which service decommissioning is becoming the dominant trend.  We start however, by setting out an overview of the policy context.  In doing so we describe the move to commissioning of public services in the UK as occurring in two waves – the first in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and the second more recently, essentially since 2004.

User and community co-production has always been important, but rarely noticed. However, there has recently been a movement towards seeing co-production as a key driver for improving publicly valued outcomes, e.g. through triggering behaviour change and preventing future problems. However, citizens are only willing to co-produce in a relatively narrow range of activities that are genuinely important to them and are keen that their co-production effort is not wasted by public agencies. Moreover, there are concerns that co-production may involve greater risks than professionalised service provision, although services may be quality assured more successfully through involving users and embedding them in the community. While offering potential significant improvements in outcomes, and cost savings, co-production is not resource-free. Co-production may be 'value for money', but it usually cannot produce value without money.