Internet research methods

Com o fenômeno global do envelhecimento populacional, as atenções recaem na busca da melhoria de qualidade de vida para idosos. A Organização Mundial da Saúde [1] destaca aspectos como transporte, habitação, trabalho, proteção social, serviços de saúde e cuidados de longo prazo. Assim, o conceito Cohousing vem ao encontro do Envelhecimento Saudável, otimizando a capacidade funcional do idoso, permitindo-o realizar tarefas que lhe sejam importantes [1]. As Cohousings são comunidades intencionais surgidas em 1972 na Dinamarca [2], resgatando valores de comunidade e estilos de vida saudáveis. As Senior Cohousings, destinadas a maiores de 50 anos, favorecem o acesso a cuidados intensivos de saúde, autonomia e convivência social, representando diferentes significados e experiências nos campos físico, psicológico e social [3]. No Brasil, a internet vem auxiliando na informação e na organização social de grupos com afinidades e objetivos comuns [4]. De 2011 a 2013, o número de idosos brasileiros utilizando redes sociais, especialmente sites de relacionamento, aumentou 39,3% [5]. Esse perfil do “novo idoso” integra o conceito do Envelhecimento Ativo, um processo de otimização das oportunidades de saúde, participação e segurança. Estudos anteriores revelam traços do perfil dos moradores mais velhos das cohousings na Suécia [6] e identificam diretrizes projetuais através do processo participativo com futuros moradores no Brasil, porém sem foco etário [2]. O artigo objetiva traçar um perfil dos possíveis futuros usuários idosos dessas comunidades, pelo acompanhamento de postagens e comentários espontâneos em redes sociais e sites, buscando (i) identificar as razões que levariam adultos mais velhos a viver em cohousings no Brasil e (ii) avaliar a importância de fatores físicos, psicológicos e sociais nesta escolha. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre cohousing, psicologia ambiental e idosos e análise de conteúdo [7] em sites com grupos brasileiros da rede social Facebook que tenham como tema cohousing e participantes idosos interessados em adotar este modo de habitação. A análise, feita a partir de palavras-chave, identifica aspectos do significado da casa: Psicológica, Social, Econômica, Material, Temporal e Tempo- Espaço [3]. Partindo dos resultados obtidos através da categorização das palavras chaves dentro das 6 dimensões analisadas conclui-se que existe uma maior ocorrência de intensões a respeito de moradias compartilhadas dentro de duas categorias em especial: material e psicológica. As expectativas por parte dos relatos dentro da dimensão psicológica são quase tão importantes quanto as expectativas na material. Essa busca por amparo psicológico em seu ambiente de moradia, pode ser creditada a perdas nas capacidades físicas, cognitivas e sociais, levando a um estreitamento da inserção social dos idosos e um consequente sentimento de abandono e solidão [8]. Também relevante, é a presença maior de depoimentos femininos, totalizando 90,47% dentre os coletados. Uma das hipóteses para essa ocorrência maior entre mulheres é a busca por afirmação de independência [6]. O perfil do novo idoso dentro do conceito de Envelhecimento Ativo, auxilia na compreensão do aumento da procura por moradias alternativas, especialmente pelas cohousing, pois a organização deste tipo de comunidade, reforça os valores buscados por este novo perfil, presentes nos depoimentos dos idosos analisados.

The semiotics of the face studies the meaning of the human face in contemporary visual cultures. There are two complementary research foci: widespread practices of face exhibition in social networks like Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and Tinder; and minority practices of occultation, including the mask in anti-establishment political activism (Anonymous) and the veil in religious dressing codes. The meaning of the human face is currently changing on a global scale: through the invention and diffusion of new visual technologies (digital photography, visual filters, as well as software for automatic face recognition); through the creation and establishment of novel genres of face representation (the selfie); and through new approaches to face perception, reading, and memorization (e.g., the ‘scrolling’ of faces on Tinder). Cognitions, emotions, and actions that people attach to the interaction with one’s and others’ faces are undergoing dramatic shifts. In the semiotics of the face, an interdisciplinary but focused approach combines visual history, semiotics, phenomenology, visual anthropology, but also face perception studies and collection and analysis of big data, so as to study the social and technological causes of these changes and their effects in terms of alterations in self-perception and communicative interaction. In the tension between, on the one hand, political and economic agencies pressing for increasing disclosure, detection, and marketing of the human face (for reasons of security and control, for commercial or bureaucratic purposes) and, on the other hand, the counter-trends of face occultation (parents ‘hiding’ their children from the Internet, political activists concealing their faces, religious or aesthetic veils, writers and artists like Bansky or Ferrante choosing not to reveal their identity), the visual syntax, the semantics, and the pragmatics of the human face are rapidly evolving. The semiotics of the face carries on a comprehensive survey of this socio-cultural phenomenon.

Benefits of customer loyalty scheme and brand loyalty programmes of Accor Hotels: A case study based on Mercure London City Bankside Hotel.

The research on the subject of customer loyalty in the hotel industry and fostering such loyalty through a multi-brand loyalty programme by Accor group of hotel evaluates the concepts relating to behavioural and attitudinal loyalty. It was found that loyalty programs not only reward the customers for repeat purchase behaviour, but also has an important strategic role in collecting the information about the customers. The various viewpoints relating to the implementation of loyalty programs, design of reward schemes and the utilisation of information collected from the customer are discussed. In the case of Accor hotels, there are several brands with differentiated service offerings and the reward scheme is an integrated one. The Accor hotels reward scheme provides points to the customers for staying in the participating hotels/brands such as Sofitel, Pullman, MGallery, Grand Mercure, Novotel, Suite Novotel, Mercure, Adagio, Ibis and Spa.
Through convenience sampling method two managers and four junior managers in the marketing department were interviewed. From the research, and mostly through the interview data it was found that the customers are able to accrue the points for their stay and spend at the hotel, and redeem their loyalty benefits at more than 2500 participating hotels from the lower end Ibis (budget hotel) to the upper end luxury Sofitel and Pullman hotels. The customers are able to exchange these reward points at various points of sale such as at the airports, taxis and related travel services. All the redemptions are targeted at the travelling customer and their needs and hence travelling customers are benefitted. The loyalty programme is also inducing the customer to spend more as the rewards collected can be redeemed against the services of the different hotel properties.
Since there is collaboration between travel and hospitality organisations, Accor hotel is benefitting significantly. It is clear that with the entire organisation the Mercure Hotel is also benefitting from the multi-brand loyalty scheme. The customers at the bottom of the pyramid in the brand structure of Accor group would be moving upwards and there are a considerable number of properties under the lower mid-scale and lowest scale such as the Ibis. The recommendations is to target and capture restaurant customers with the help of direct sales approach from the waiters and customer facing employees in the restaurant to become member in the loyalty programme. The customer-facing employee’s right from the lobby to the restaurant should be provided training to give special service to such repeat customers.

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Convenience offered in accessing the Internet makes students very fond of using it, until sometimes not able to set the time to sleep well. This study aims to determine the relationship between internet addiction and sleep hygiene behavior at UNM’s students who is completing a thesis. The method used is quantitative research. Samples were obtained by using incidental sampling technique. Totaling 360 samples (N = 360) were obtained from nine faculty at UNM, with details of 201 male students and 159 female students (age 19-25 years). This study used analysis techniques Spearman Rank correlation test, then processed by the Statistic Package Service Solution (SPSS) 21 for windows. The results showed that the correlation between Internet addiction and sleep hygiene behavior that was equal to -0.487 (r = -0.487) with significant value was 0.000 (p <0.01). The value and significance of the correlation coefficient indicates that there was a negative relationship and very significant between internet addiction and sleep hygiene behavior at UNM’s students who is completing a thesis.

Keywords: Students, internet addiction, sleep hygiene behavior

As Abraham Lincoln has said, democracy is government of the people, for the people and by the people. Citizens elect their representative for governing them, and for making suitable policies for the development of the country. Earlier, the involvement of the citizens in the democracy was limited because of insufficiency of the means for connecting with their representatives. But with the emergence of new communication technologies, democracy has gained a new dimension – the participation of the citizens has increased. They can comment on, criticize or support their representatives, their parties and the policies of the government. The use of mobile phone, new apps, internet and social networking sites has been increasing exponentially in India. New platforms have become available for people to voice their opinions. And with this new communication technology politicians can connect with their voters or supports.
Out of 1.29 billion population women constitute more than 625 million which means almost 50% of the total population. The level of participation of women in the politics is important to build sustainable democracy. They should get fair representation only then democracy can deliver for all of its citizens.  They have capacity and potential to shape the society. With this belief woman politicians have more responsibility. They can bring different views and perspectives to many issues by voicing their opinions on available platforms. It may help to generate gender sensitivity towards many issues and views.  Researcher believes that the existence of women on different platforms like radio, television, print and social networking sites, is more likely to provide positive role models for girls to join different fields including politics and gain the confidence.
The new tools of communication have made one-on-one interaction easier, cheaper and less time consuming, and therefore so much more extensive and effective. But the larger question here is, how aware are our elected representatives of these tools? In other words, do they use new communication technologies? Do they have their own websites? Do they use social networking sites to interact with their voters or member of the constituency? Do they respond to emails? What is their opinion about the new media?
This is an attempt to find out answers to all the above questions. Out of 543 elected MPs there are 66 women Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha 2014. In case of Maharashtra out of 48, there are five women MPs. This is a case study of the usage of new communication technology by all the women MPs. This study hopes to examine women MP’s attitude towards the communication technology. Effective use of new media can enhance communication between the citizens and their representatives. This will lead to a better and healthier democracy.
Key Words: new communication technology, democracy, women politicians, women and ICT

Courses: Research Methods, Public Speaking, Communication
Theory, any other course that requires college students to engage
in a formal research process. Can be conducted in traditional,
online, or hybrid courses.

Objectives: In this original single-class activity, students will be able
to evaluate source credibility for resources that extend beyond peer reviewed, published journal articles and books. Through the use of
Internet searches and social media outlets, students will engage in
an evaluation process that will promote more effective research
habits.

La siguiente investigación busca explorar los patrones espaciales de
la producción de datos en el Gran Santiago, en tanto “los datos”,
como la piedra fundacional de lo que conocemos como una “Ciudad
Inteligente”. Así también, se analiza la relación de dichos patrones
espaciales generados por los datos, tanto activos como pasivos, con
la distribución espacial del ingreso por hogar en el área estudiada,
con el fin de establecer, si existe una relación entre ellos en el
contexto de Santiago como una ciudad segregada. Finalmente, se
entregan conclusiones en relación a la potencialidad de ciertas
comunas del Gran Santiago, para transformarse en territorios que
fomenten una “Sociedad Habilitada Espacialmente”, en términos del
aprovechamiento de los datos para una mejor planificación y diseño
de la Ciudad.

Reviews Manuel d'analyse du Web en sciences humaines et sociales. Sous la direction de Christine Barats. Paris : Armand Colin, coll. « U Sciences humaines et sociales », 2013. 258 pp. ISBN : 9782200286279. D ans leur manuel collectif, le premier du genre dans l'espace francophone 1 , Christine Barats et ses collègues ont réussi la prouesse de rédiger diverses contributions (vingt-deux), denses, claires et pédagogiques, pour la plupart françaises, proposant diverses références, outils et techniques de collecte de données et d'investigation, issus bien évidemment des sciences humaines et sociales (SHS), illustrés par divers exemples intéressants de terrains qui abordent, analysent ou encore intègrent le Web et ses caractéristiques particulières (dont sa dynamique, sa pluralité, sa multiforme et son ubiquité, voire même sa porosité). Ce manuel didactique présente un état actualisé mais non exhaustif des références et savoirs, tant théoriques, réflexifs et critiques que méthodologiques et exploratoires, applicables à l'étude des technologies complexes du Web contemporain et leurs effets sous-jacents. Se distanciant ainsi d'un regard surplombant visant à recenser les meilleures méthodologies applicables à l'étude du Web dans un catalogue ou même un prêt-à-monter de méthodes ou d'outils, comme l'affirme d'emblée Christine Barats en introduction, ce manuel collectif incite à la curiosité des chercheuses et des chercheurs en SHS et insiste sur l'importance de concevoir et d'élaborer des méthodes propices et bien adaptées à leurs problématiques et objets d'étude choisis ainsi qu'aux cadres théoriques spécifiques de toute recherche. L'ouvrage se compose de trois grandes parties, qui peuvent se lire séparément mais gagnent assurément à être consultées ensemble. Elles traitent des différents enjeux et questions interdisciplinaires souvent posés, à différents moments, dans une démarche de recherche sur le Web en SHS. L'originalité de ce manuel pédagogique se retrouve dans les deuxième et troisième parties, plutôt consacrées au moment de l'observation du corpus numérique et de l'analyse des résultats, notamment avec le recours à des outils et dispositifs inédits en SHS (tels que la textométrie digitale, la cartographie du Web, l'ethnographie en ligne, l'approche sémiologique, etc.). La première partie de ce manuel collectif présente une série de réflexions et de problématiques transversales à l'étude et à l'analyse du Web. De prime abord, Laurence Monnoyer-Smith expose de façon réflexive et critique une conceptualisation du Web comme dispositif sociotechnique (ch. 1). Mais encore, suivent deux réflexions et études (ch. 2 et 3) assez substantielles et stimulantes, abordant respectivement les dimensions éthiques de la recherche en ligne, ainsi que la pratique de l'archivage et de la mémoire dans un contexte de « potentielle hypermnésie 2 » du Web, et leurs effets sur les pratiques de recherche en SHS. Ces deux contributions, qui retiennent ici un

Few studies attempt to demonstrate whether and how systemic
racial inequality might form on the web. I use racial formation
theory to conceptualize how race is represented, and
systematically reproduced on the web, and how both may reveal
forms of racial inequality. Using an original dataset and network
graph, I document the architecture of web traffic, and the actual
traffic patterns among and between race-based websites. Results
demonstrate that web producers create hyperlink networks that
steer audiences to websites without respect to racial or nonracial
content. However, user navigation reflects a racially segregated
traffic pattern; users navigate to racialized versus nonracialized
websites (and vice versa) more than what would be expected by
chance. These results, along with disparities in website traffic
rankings, provide evidence of, and demonstrates how a racebased
hierarchy might systematically emerge on the web in ways
that exemplify disparate forms of value, influence and power that
exist within the web environment.

Many advocates of deliberative democracy see in the Internet a new opportunity for the development of public spaces, public spheres, and places where deliberation can take place. An important element of the notion of the public sphere in general and of deliberation specifically, is the quality of the debate. In the past decade, many studies have been conducted to evaluate online discussions in light of the ideal notion of the public sphere. However, a wide gap exists between theoretical approaches and the actual operationalization of such theories for empirical research. In an attempt to bridge this gap we develop a method for examining the extent to which Internet forums meet the normative requirements of rational-critical debate, reciprocity, and reflexivity. The methodological approach consists of a textual analysis of the contributions made to an online forum. The coding scheme presented in this article is based on a case study (UK Online) and guided by the theoretical notions of deliberative democracy.

Global information is required to facilitate trade, international business expansion, research and for international comparisons.
The amount of data available varies in what exists, its age and its accuracy. Information from one area may not be
comparable with that from another. The global searcher needs to consider these points and why information may be
findable, prior to searching. Anticipating such issues can aid the search approach – whether via a local search engine or by
going directly to a range of websites holding relevant data. Global and national information can come from supranational
bodies, governments, public and private sector organizations as well as specialist sites. Some information sources will
require payment or a subscription to gain access.

This collection investigates the publics of the hashtag. Taking cues from critical public sphere theory, contributors are interested in publics that break beyond the mainstream – in other publics. They are interested in the kinds of publics that do politics in a way that is rough and emergent, flawed and messy, and ones in which new forms of collective power are being forged on the fly and in the shadow of loftier mainstream spheres.
Hashtags are deictic, indexical – yet what they point to is themselves, their own dual role in ongoing discourse. Focusing on hashtags used for topics from Ferguson, Missouri, to Australian politics, from online quilting communities to labour protests, from feminist outrage to drag pop culture, this collection follows hashtag publics as they trend beyond Twitter into other spaces of social networking such as Facebook, Instagram, and Tumblr as well as other media spaces such as television, print, and graffiti.

This user-friendly book provides a step-by-step guide to using the five major approaches to research design: quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, arts-based, and communitybased participatory research. Chapters on each approach follow a unique format—they present a template for a research proposal and explain in detail how to conceptualize and fill in every section. Terminology commonly used within each approach is identified, and key moments of ethical decision making are flagged. Interdisciplinary research examples draw on current events and social justice topics. Unique coverage includes hot topics: replication studies and data sharing, tailoring proposals to different audiences, and more. The book also includes a general introduction to social research; an in-depth, practical discussion of ethics; and a chapter on how to begin a research study, from planning a topic to developing a research question via a literature review.

Includes Pedagogical Features 

The article argues that increasing computerization and Internetization of modern society has given rise to a new
phenomenon i.e. Internet addiction. Internet-addiction as a concept has three different meanings. The article presents
the results of the study of Internet addiction as dependent behavior within the scope of deviant behavior. The
author identifies 5 groups of among active Internet users: respondents with Internet-dependent behavior, respondents
with Internet-risk behavior, respondents with borderline Internet behavior, regular Internet users, professional
Internet users. Respondents with Internet-dependent behavior account for 7.0% of the total number of respondents.

This paper reflects on the articles submitted for the Symposium Confronting the Internet's Dark Side. I discuss some of the criticisms of the book's theory and my treatment of hate speech. The responsibilities of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and Web-Hosting Services (WHSs) are in the fore, arguing that as they are the gatekeepers, they need to be proactive far more than they are now. This paper, like my book, strives to suggest an approach that harnesses the strengths and capabilities of the public and the private sectors in offering practical solutions to pressing problems.

This article draws from a study investigating the life trajectories of 17 youth climate activists from 14 countries through semi-structured, life memory interviews using Internet-based methods. The interpretations of the interviews focus on the ways in which participants constructed the meanings and functions of experiences and how they represented the nature of the process of their committing to climate activism. Included in the interpretations are the nature of moments of consciously committing, the role of both concern for nature and for social justice, the dynamic and ceaseless process of committing, and the role of the youth climate movement. The discussion highlights the uniqueness of youth and of climate change in the process of committing. The research contributes to the limited but important literature on the life trajectories of youth climate
activists.

http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/KEVMTC59Cwhh6HBPHPAZ/full

This research seeks to conceptualize streaming media as a cultural practice, a style or poetics, which tactically challenges the " propre " strategies of mass consumer and television culture. This is a site of agonistic struggle, cunning, and constant adaptation within the emergent space of streaming. Unsanctioned streaming is wandering through the strategic " place " of copyright. Streaming is the prerogative of the in-between and deterritorialized poaching. These nodes are temporary collectives or alliances that exist as tactical, ephemeral spaces of digital media. Poaching from de Certeau (1984, p. 174), streamers are " travellers; they move across lands belonging to someone else, like nomads poaching across fields they did not write. " Just as there is a " rhetoric of walking " (de Certeau, 1984, p. 100) we might think of a " style of use " (de Certeau, 1984, p. 100) for streamers traversing the geographies of nation-states and the lands of copyright holders throughout the Internet. Unsanctioned streaming of content has become a much wider cultural practice, an everyday practice, which is perceived by consumers as beyond the control of states and territorial government. Users are " making do " through cunning tactics within the practice of everyday Internet life through streaming. The employment of participant observation has yielded a series of insights: streaming has had dramatic impact on the mobility and materiality of media flow; streaming is a process that leads to aesthetic experiences (jouissance); and streamers both assume and are cast in the role of the cunning trickster. These activities of unsanctioned streamers have informed industry approaches to streaming technology, leading to emergent industry logics and the growth of a streaming industry.

This chapter addresses the impossible situations, decisions, and what-if imagi- naries researchers are faced with daily, especially if undertaking qualitative and/or internet research and/or with vulnerable populations and/or on sensitive topics. It aligns with voices arguing that standardized procedural research ethics are inad- equate, and builds on existing work in situational, practice based and feminist ethics to suggest a care based ethical practice. The key to this care based practice of research ethics lies in a particular kind of relationality. This relationality, in turn, is fed by trust, and germinates empathy. The chapter works through the concepts and the phenomena of significant relations, trust, and empathy by drawing examples from my ethnographic research with a community of people, who post (semi)naked selfies of their bodies online (constituting a qualitative, internet research study of a sensitive topic, and thus arguably with a vulnerable population). I describe some of my choices and actions that seem to have worked well to build trusting, emphatic and ethical research relationships, and finish the chapter by offering some suggestions and questions that might help those trying to practice an ethics of care.

This is a draft of a forthcoming paper in an collection edited by Patricia Leavy entitled The Field of Qualitative Research. Forthcoming in late 2020. This is a general overview, but highlighting topics, issues, and challenges for doing qualitative research in online, or digitally saturated social contexts. Focus is both practical and philosophical.

This article examines five common misunderstandings about case-study research: (a) theoretical knowledge is more valuable than practical knowledge; (b) one cannot generalize from a single case, therefore, the single-case study cannot contribute to scientific development; (c) the case study is most useful for generating hypotheses, whereas other methods are more suitable for hypotheses testing and theory building; (d) the case study contains a bias toward verification; and (e) it is often difficult to summarize specific case studies. This article explains and corrects these misunderstandings one by one and concludes with the Kuhnian insight that a scientific discipline without a large number of thoroughly executed case studies is a discipline without systematic production of exemplars, and a discipline without exemplars is an ineffective one. Social science may be strengthened by the execution of a greater number of good case studies.

"Technologies that were once separate and physically located now converge and move with the user to create individualized experiences. Social media and web 2.0 technologies facilitate complex networks of connection among people and across any media form imaginable, disrupting our traditional understandings of producer and consumer, user and object.  Materiality in this mobile epoch is better understood as connection, process, and relationship.

Even within interpretive research frameworks, which are more suited to grapple with process, movement, and relation, the complex and scale of contemporary networks of interaction challenge many taken for granted methods for capturing and analyzing these negotiations.  The complexity of internet-saturated cultural contexts invites and even demands an approach to method that resonates with this complexity. 

Remix is a term that describes both the process and product of creative re-ensemble of units of cultural information.  Remix is not something we do in addition to our everyday live. It is the way we make sense of our world. By transforming the bombardment of stimuli into a seamless experience. If we take seriously the idea that everything we take to be ‘real’ is a constant negotiation of relationships between people and things, and that culture is ‘habit writ large’, remix as a form of sensemaking embraces this framework.Thinking about qualitative research practice through the framework of remix offers a means of reconfiguring some of the practices associated with qualitative research. A remix approach focuses attention on the creative reflexivity required to manage innumerable sites of meaning in the ‘field’ and transform the chaos of lived experience into reportable ‘findings.’

This paper sketches out some of the challenges and opportunities of a remix approach to studying social media contexts. "

Across the globe, societies are experiencing significant flux and transformation in the way digital information and networked technologies are woven into and influence everyday life, workplace practices, social norms, and institutional structures. Likewise, all academic disciplines are challenged to make sense of these transformations in light of ethical research practice. Actively confronting these challenges means not only being aware of them, but thoughtfully considering how we might better address these challenges. This entry discusses various ethical challenges in applied research involving digital media or internet-related contexts.

Why are some countries more newsworthy than others? What are the similarities and differences in the scope of international news presented in different languages and cultures? How does international news affect our perception of the world? In this book, Elad Segev explores international news flow on the internet by addressing these key questions.
Segev provides a comparative analysis of the international scope of online newspapers, news portals, and news aggregators in different languages and cultures, using innovative web mining techniques and network analysis. This book explores the theory of news flow around the world, and analyses many of its dimensions such as the global standing of the United States, the Middle Eastern conflicts as seen around the world, and, the effect of financial news. In doing so, the book unveils new patterns, meanings and implications of international news on our perception of the world.
Following these insights, the author discusses the opportunities and challenges of studying international news flow online in the future, and how this field of research can be further developed theoretically and empirically.

Trust, security, and privacy have been factors in many studies, were tested, and do significantly affect the adoption of virtual banking. However, studies with regards to customer perceive trust in relation to virtual banking adoption in Malaysia is limited. Due to low customers' adoption of the internet and mobile banking in Malaysia, this study was conducted to evaluate customers' perception of trusting internet and data security in adopting virtual banking. In this study, 402 samples were collected from local and foreign bank customers and were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. Sample selection was based on convenience sampling technique, and quantitative method has been applied to evaluate the study objectives. Through the descriptive analysis and research findings, it has been evaluated that that customer perception on Privacy (Pr) does not significantly and positively influence virtual banking adoption in Malaysia.  And, the analysis in this study has also proven the hypothesis on Privacy (Pr) to be not valid. However, Privacy (Pr) is found significantly important in many studies. Further analysis showed weak agreement on customers perception with regards to their privacy protection in its' virtual banking platform. However, various study previous conducted have proven Privacy (Pr) to be significant in influencing adoption of virtual banking services. Therefore, perhaps Malaysian local banks should also focus on improving its' virtual banking strategy with regards to Privacy (Pr). The results obtained in this study are limited to questionnaires distributed within the Klang Valley. Future researchers may expand its boundary by taking a diverse sample and including qualitative approach.