Copper

In this study, accumulation of heavy metals in roadside soils was investigated. Soil samples were taken from the refuges of main road (polluted positions) and from the coastal areas (unpolluted positions) far away from the intensive traffic. Iron, zinc, copper and nickel contents of soil samples changed with the sampling positions. There were significant differences (P<0.01) among the locations for lead contents of soils. The mean lead contents in unpolluted positions and polluted positions were determined as 0.581 ppm and 0.887 ppm, respectively. The percentage increases in heavy metal concentrations in polluted positions according to unpolluted positions were obtained for zinc (374.16 %), copper (291.40 %), lead (236.41 %) and nickel (736.87 %).

The nutraceutical industry has proliferated in recent years, with the most popular form of supplementation being the multivitamin-multimineral (MVMM) supplement. In the animal health sector, supplement use has also expanded. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of MVMM supplementation, beneficial or otherwise, on the general health status of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) strain, an animal model used in hypertension research. A commercially prepared MVMM supplement was given tri-weekly via oral dosing for 8 weeks to two groups of seven adult female SHR and Wistar rats. Their corresponding control groups were dosed with deionised water only. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, growth rate and food and water intake were measured weekly. At the end of 8 weeks, the animals were euthanased and a full blood profile, urine sodium to potassium ratio, blood urea nitrogen levels and total plasma cholesterol was measured for all groups. T...

ABSTRACT: This article shows the main results after roasting a gold ore with electromagnetic waves. A mineral sample from southern Bolivar (Colombia) was chosen, due, among other reasons, to the difficulty that miners from that zone tend to have when trying to recover the gold by traditional means. It was found that after applying electromagnetic waves in the microwaves range, roasting time was reduced by 77 to 83%, on average decreasing the consumption of electrical energy by about 88%, while allowing gold recoveries of about 90 % (w/w) of that achieved through traditional roasting. This indicates that it is an alternate treatment worth deeper exploration at pilot plant scale.

Significant quantities of Ag(I), Cu(II), and Cr(III) were bound to isolated Bacillus subtilis 168 walls, Escherichia coli K-12 envelopes, kaolinite and smectite clays, and the corresponding organic material-clay aggregates (1:1, wt/wt). These sorbed metals were leached with HNO3, Ca(NO3)2, EDTA, fulvic acid, and lysozyme at several concentrations over 48 h at room temperature. The remobilization of the sorbed metals depended on the physical properties of the organic and clay surfaces and on the character and concentration of the leaching agents. In general, the order of remobilization of metals was Cr much less than Ag less than Cu. Cr was very stable in the wall, clay, and composite systems; pH 3.0, 500 microM EDTA, 120-ppm [mg liter-1] fulvic acid, and 160-ppm Ca remobilized less than 32% (wt/wt) of sorbed Cr. Ag (45 to 87%) and Cu (up to 100%) were readily removed by these agents. Although each leaching agent was effective at mobilizing certain metals, elevated Ca or acidic pH pr...

Polyethylene's inert nature and difficulty to dissolve in conventional solvents at room temperature present special problems for sample preparation and ionization in mass spectrometric analysis. We present a study of ionization behavior of several polyethylene samples with molecular masses up to 4000 Da in laser desorption ionization (LDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometers equipped with a 337 nm laser beam. We demonstrate unequivocally that silver or copper ion attachment to saturated polyethylene can occur in the gas phase during the UV LDI process. In LDI spectra of polyethylene with molecular masses above approximately 1000 Da, low mass ions corresponding to metal-alkene structures are observed in addition to the principal distribution. By interrogating a well-characterized polyethylene sample and a long chain alkane, C94H190, these low mass ions are determined to be the fragmentation products of the intact metal-polyethylene adduct ions. It is further illustrated that fragm...

The synthesis of Cu(core)Pt(shell) model catalysts by the direct electrochemical deposition of Pt on Cu particles is presented. Cu particles with an average diameter of 200 nm have been deposited on glassy‐carbon electrodes by double pulse electrodeposition from a copper sulfate solution. Subsequent deposition from a platinum nitrate solution under potential control allows for a high selectivity of the Pt deposition towards Cu. Using a combination of cyclic voltammetry, XPS and sputtering, the structure of the generated particles has been analyzed and their core–shell configuration proven. It is shown that the electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction is similar to that of other PtCu catalyst systems. The synthesized structures could allow for the analysis of structure–activity relations of core–shell catalysts on the way to the simple and controlled synthesis of supported Cu(core)Pt(shell) nanoparticles as oxygen reduction catalysts.

Wood technology is constantly looking for environmentally friendly technological solutions. It seems that nanotechnology can provide green and environmentally friendly alternatives for wood protection. In this study, the antifungal activity of silver and copper nanoparticles against the white rot fungus Fomes fomentarius was investigated under in vitro conditions and with respect to the protection of Fagus sylvatica wood. In both experiments, 5, 25 and 50 ppm of nanoparticles were used. The results of the in vitro test showed selective antifungal activity of the nanoparticles. All concentrations of copper nanoparticles stimulated mycelial growth. The stimulation was inversely proportional to the concentration. Silver nanoparticles inhibited fungal colony growth at the highest concentration (50 ppm) and did not affect growth at concentrations of 5 and 25 ppm. Silver nanoparticles increased the rot resistance of beech wood, but only at the highest concentration. Decay caused by F. fom...

Wood technology is constantly looking for environmentally friendly technological solutions. It seems that nanotechnology can provide green and environmentally friendly alternatives for wood protection. In this study, the antifungal activity of silver and copper nanoparticles against the white rot fungus Fomes fomentarius was investigated under in vitro conditions and with respect to the protection of Fagus sylvatica wood. In both experiments, 5, 25 and 50 ppm of nanoparticles were used. The results of the in vitro test showed selective antifungal activity of the nanoparticles. All concentrations of copper nanoparticles stimulated mycelial growth. The stimulation was inversely proportional to the concentration. Silver nanoparticles inhibited fungal colony growth at the highest concentration (50 ppm) and did not affect growth at concentrations of 5 and 25 ppm. Silver nanoparticles increased the rot resistance of beech wood, but only at the highest concentration. Decay caused by F. fom...

In this article SnO2 thin films have been deposited onto glass substrates by Spray Pyrolysis Method. Tin chloride dihydrate (SnCl2.2H2O) and Copper nitrate (Cu (NO3)2 .3H2O) were used as source of Sn and Cu respectively. The structural, optical and gas sensing properties of Undoped and copper doped by (vol. %) SnO2 film have been investigated. XRD of film shows structure of films. Also result so obtained from XRD spectroscopy shows that these layers have the tetragonal polycrystalline tinoxide structure. The optical transmission was found to decrease with addition of copper as dopant on SnO2 with the addition of Cu except for 5% Cu-Doped. The reponse of these layers have been investigated for different concentrations of butane gas by static gas sensing system. The results of this investigation show that the Cu-Doped SnO2 nanostructure layer compared with the pure SnO2 nanostructure layer has showed the better response for butane gas. Among Cu-Doped SnO2 thin film layer 4% (by vol.) ...

هرس درختان یکی از اقدامات مهم باغبانی است که تاثیر مستقیمی بر سلامت و رشد بهینه درختان دارد. انتخاب مناسب ترین زمان هرس درختان بسته به نوع درخت و شرایط آب و هوایی منطقه متفاوت است. درختان میوه به طور معمول در فصل زمستان، زمانی که در خواب زمستانی به سر می‌برند، هرس می‌شوند. این کار به درخت کمک می‌کند تا انرژی بیشتری برای رشد و تولید میوه در فصل بهار داشته باشد. برای درختان زینتی و غیرمیوه‌ای، هرس بهار یا اوایل تابستان توصیه می‌شود تا از آسیب‌های ناشی از سرما جلوگیری شود. استفاده از کودهای مناسب پس از هرس می‌تواند تاثیر بسزایی در بهبود رشد و سلامت درختان داشته باشد. شرکت organic-agri که فعال حوزه کشاورزی است، به بررسی کود های مختلف پرداخته و در نهایت متخصصان این شرکت تصمیم گرفتند کود 10 ایکس شوک را به عنوان مناسب ترین کود پس از هرس پیشنهاد دهند. این کود یکی از کودهای قوی و مؤثر است که به طور خاص برای تقویت رشد و سلامت درختان پس از هرس طراحی شده است. این کود دارای ترکیبی متعادل از نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم است که هر کدام نقش مهمی در رشد و توسعه گیاه دارند. نیتروژن باعث رشد بهتر برگ‌ها و شاخه‌ها می‌شود، فسفر به تقویت ریشه‌ها و بهبود گلدهی و میوه‌دهی کمک می‌کند و پتاسیم مقاومت درختان را در برابر بیماری‌ها و تنش‌های محیطی افزایش می‌دهد. استفاده از کود 10 ایکس شوک بلافاصله پس از هرس، زمان ایده‌آلی برای بهره‌گیری از فواید آن است. این کار باعث می‌شود که درختان سریع‌تر بهبود یابند و بتوانند رشد جدیدی را آغاز کنند. همچنین، این کود می‌تواند به افزایش کمیت و کیفیت میوه‌های تولیدی کمک کند، زیرا تمامی مواد مغذی ضروری را در اختیار درخت قرار می‌دهد.

Knowle dge of toxic metal levels in livestock feeding on dumpsite waste is important for assessing the effects of pollutants in animals and contaminant intakes by human. A study was conducted in western Kenya to determine the lead and copper levels in the soil, water, serum and tissues of livestock feeding on refuse dumpsite waste in Webuye and Mumias urban towns suspected to be polluted with these metals. Indigenous free ranging cattle, sheep, goats and chicken were investigated. The samples: soil (5), water (5), dumpsite wastes (7), serum (76) and 17 kidney/liver were analyzed. Lead and copper levels were determined by the conventional aqua regia digestion protocol and read using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean lead and copper levels in the soil and water of 1.16 – 2.86mg/kg and 0.001mg/L were below acceptable risk limits of 5 – 25mg/kg and 0.015mg/L, respectively. The mean lead levels in serum of cattle, sheep, goats and chicken were 0.86, 0.82, 0.54mg/L and 0.7...