Alkaline Battery

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the internal resistance of consumer-grade AA batteries of two different chemical types. The chemical types chosen were alkaline and lithium. The approach consisted of simultaneously connecting three new batteries of the same type to three separate circuits measuring 1.22 [Ω] each. The circuits were made up of 12 carbon-film resistors measuring 13.3 [Ω] each. The three identical meters used to measure the voltage drop were the Fluke 45 dual-display multi-meters. The meter was connected via the RS-232 port to a computer and recorded voltage measurements at constant intervals of 25 seconds over a period of 5 hours. The average internal resistance of the alkaline batteries increased non-linearly from 0.00 [Ohms] at t=0 [m] to 36.67±2.95 [Ohms] at t=300 [m] at a 99% confidence for future trials. The average internal resistance of the alkaline batteries increased non-linearly from 0.00 [Ohms] at t=0 [m] to 67.22±3.86 [Ohms] at t=300 [m] at a 99% confidence for future trials.

A sealed, starved-electrolyte, negative-limited 6 V/1 Ah laboratory prototype of a nickel–iron (Ni–Fe) battery comprising five cells stacked in series with ceria-supported platinum as hydrogen–oxygen recombinant catalyst was assembled. The battery was tested under various operational conditions. While a continuous increase in gaseous pressure in the cells was observed without the recombinant catalyst, the cells with the recombinant catalyst registered a decline in gaseous pressure subsequent to the onset of hydrogen–oxygen recombination. The battery showed little decay in its capacity during its life-cycle tests conducted at C/5 rate at 25°C. The battery performance is superior to its conventional vented-counterpart.

Folding, conformable electronic devices cannot be realized
until fl exible batteries that match device form-factor and power
requirements are developed. Existing fl exible batteries exhibit a
severe limitation due to internal short circuits during flexing.
[1] In the present work, we demonstrate a printed alkaline battery fabricated with a polyacrylic acid (PAA)-based polymer gel electrolyte (PGE). The electroactive materials were embedded into a mesh structure providing highly fl exible electrodes. The fl exible alkaline battery showed an open circuit potential of 1.52 V and discharge capacity of 5.6 mAh cm − 2
when discharged at 0.5 mA.The discharge capacity of the printed battery was characterized in bend conditions ranging from 3.81 cm to 0.95 cm bending radii without any decrease in performance compared with the planar state. Two batteries connected in series and bent to a radius of 0.3 cm were able to power a green light-emitting diode (LED)