S. Heeringa
University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Faculty Member
Accidents are one of the leading causes of death among U.S. active-duty Army soldiers. Evidence-based approaches to injury prevention could be strengthened by adding person-level characteristics (e.g., demographics) to risk models tested... more
Accidents are one of the leading causes of death among U.S. active-duty Army soldiers. Evidence-based approaches to injury prevention could be strengthened by adding person-level characteristics (e.g., demographics) to risk models tested on diverse soldier samples studied over time. To identify person-level risk indicators of accident deaths in Regular Army soldiers during a time frame of intense military operations, and to discriminate risk of not-line-of-duty from line-of-duty accident deaths. Administrative data acquired from multiple Army/Department of Defense sources for active duty Army soldiers during 2004-2009 were analyzed in 2013. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify person-level sociodemographic, service-related, occupational, and mental health predictors of accident deaths. Delayed rank progression or demotion and being male, unmarried, in a combat arms specialty, and of low rank/service length increased odds of accident death for enlisted soldiers. Unique t...
Research Interests: Demography, Education, Risk assessment, Medicine, Humans, and 15 moreUnited States, Female, Male, Risk factors, Middle Aged, Adult, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Accident Prevention, Military Personnel, Occupational Accidents, Socioeconomic Factors, Cause of death, active duty, and Medical and Health Sciences
Diagnostic criteria for DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are in many ways similar to DSM-IV criteria, raising the possibility that it might be possible to closely approximate DSM-5 diagnoses using DSM-IV symptoms. If so, the... more
Diagnostic criteria for DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are in many ways similar to DSM-IV criteria, raising the possibility that it might be possible to closely approximate DSM-5 diagnoses using DSM-IV symptoms. If so, the resulting transformation rules could be used to pool research data based on the two criteria sets. The pre-post deployment study (PPDS) of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS) administered a blended 30-day DSM-IV and DSM-5 PTSD symptom assessment based on the civilian PTSD Checklist for DSM-IV (PCL-C) and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). This assessment was completed by 9,193 soldiers from three US Army Brigade Combat Teams approximately 3 months after returning from Afghanistan. PCL-C items were used to operationalize conservative and broad approximations of DSM-5 PTSD diagnoses. The operating characteristics of these approximations were examined compared to diagnoses based on actual DSM-5 criteria. The est...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Psychology, Psychiatry, Anxiety Disorders, Suicide, Risk assessment, and 15 moreMedicine, Biological Sciences, Prospective studies, Humans, Depressive Disorder, Questionnaires, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Poison Control, Military Personnel, Attempted Suicide, Case Control Studies, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, active duty, and Medical and Health Sciences
Accidents are a leading cause of deaths in U.S. active duty personnel. Understanding accident deaths during wartime could facilitate future operational planning and inform risk prevention efforts. This study expands prior research,... more
Accidents are a leading cause of deaths in U.S. active duty personnel. Understanding accident deaths during wartime could facilitate future operational planning and inform risk prevention efforts. This study expands prior research, identifying health risk factors associated with U.S. Army accident deaths during the Afghanistan and Iraq war. Military records for 2004-2009 enlisted, active duty, Regular Army soldiers were analyzed using logistic regression modeling to identify mental health, injury, and polypharmacy (multiple narcotic and/or psychotropic medications) predictors of accident deaths for current, previously, and never deployed groups. Deployed soldiers with anxiety diagnoses showed higher risk for accident deaths. Over half had anxiety diagnoses prior to being deployed, suggesting anticipatory anxiety or symptom recurrence may contribute to high risk. For previously deployed soldiers, traumatic brain injury (TBI) indicated higher risk. Two-thirds of these soldiers had fir...
Research Interests:
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) should be one of the most preventable mental disorders, since many people exposed to traumatic experiences (TEs) could be targeted in first response settings in the immediate aftermath of exposure for... more
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) should be one of the most preventable mental disorders, since many people exposed to traumatic experiences (TEs) could be targeted in first response settings in the immediate aftermath of exposure for preventive intervention. However, these interventions are costly and the proportion of TE-exposed people who develop PTSD is small. To be cost-effective, risk prediction rules are needed to target high-risk people in the immediate aftermath of a TE. Although a number of studies have been carried out to examine prospective predictors of PTSD among people recently exposed to TEs, most were either small or focused on a narrow sample, making it unclear how well PTSD can be predicted in the total population of people exposed to TEs. The current report investigates this issue in a large sample based on the World Health Organization (WHO)'s World Mental Health Surveys. Retrospective reports were obtained on the predictors of PTSD associated with 47,46...
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Bipolar Disorder, Chronic Pain, Brazil, Behavioral Medicine, and 15 moreAdolescent, Comorbidity, Activities of Daily Living, Biological Sciences, Absenteeism, Chronic Disease, Costs, Burden of Disease, Accuracy, CIDI, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Adult, Clinics, and comorbid conditions
Research Interests:
Page 1. Applied Survey Data Analysis Steven G. Heeringa, Brady T. West, Patricia A. Berglund Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2010, xix + 467 pages, £ 49.99 / US$ 79.95, hardcover ISBN: 978-1-4200-8066-7 Table of contents 1. Applied ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Risk assessment, Humans, Iraq War, United States, Female, and 15 moreMale, Young Adult, Mental Disorders, Risk factors, Questionnaires, Adult, Health surveys, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Cross Sectional Studies, Military Personnel, Internal- External Locus of Control, Age of Onset, Socioeconomic Factors, and Disability Evaluation
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Genetics, Genomics, Membrane Proteins, Native American, Molecular Genetics, and 23 moreAdolescent, STEROIDS, Humans, Child, South American Indians, Female, Drug Resistance, Male, Infant, Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatric, Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, Ethnic Group, European Continental Ancestry Group, Clinical Presentation, Ethnic Difference, Allele Frequency, Nephrotic syndrome, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, DNA mutational analysis, Child preschool, and Hispanic American(Adolescent, STEROIDS, Humans, Child, South American Indians, Female, Drug Resistance, Male, Infant, Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatric, Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, Ethnic Group, European Continental Ancestry Group, Clinical Presentation, Ethnic Difference, Allele Frequency, Nephrotic syndrome, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, DNA mutational analysis, Child preschool, and Hispanic American)
(Adolescent, STEROIDS, Humans, Child, South American Indians, Female, Drug Resistance, Male, Infant, Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatric, Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, Ethnic Group, European Continental Ancestry Group, Clinical Presentation, Ethnic Difference, Allele Frequency, Nephrotic syndrome, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, DNA mutational analysis, Child preschool, and Hispanic American)
Research Interests: Membrane Proteins, Adolescent, Humans, Child, African American, and 19 moreKidney, Mutation, Female, Drug Resistance, Male, Infant, Genetic Screening, Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatric, African Americans, Newborn Infant, Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome, Renal biopsy, Mutation Rate, General Population, Nephrotic syndrome, Wilms' tumor, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, and Child preschool(Kidney, Mutation, Female, Drug Resistance, Male, Infant, Genetic Screening, Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatric, African Americans, Newborn Infant, Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome, Renal biopsy, Mutation Rate, General Population, Nephrotic syndrome, Wilms' tumor, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, and Child preschool)
(Kidney, Mutation, Female, Drug Resistance, Male, Infant, Genetic Screening, Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatric, African Americans, Newborn Infant, Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome, Renal biopsy, Mutation Rate, General Population, Nephrotic syndrome, Wilms' tumor, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, and Child preschool)
Research Interests:
To examine the relationship of knee osteoarthritis (OA) with cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors by obesity status and gender. Data from 1,066 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III participants (≥60 years of age) was... more
To examine the relationship of knee osteoarthritis (OA) with cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors by obesity status and gender. Data from 1,066 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III participants (≥60 years of age) was used to examine relationships of osteophytes-defined radiographic knee OA and cardiovascular and metabolic measures. Analyses were considered among obese [body mass index (BMI)≥30 kg/m(2)] and non-obese (BMI<30 kg/m(2)) men and women. The prevalence of osteophytes-defined radiographic knee OA was 34%. Leptin levels and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a proxy measure of insulin resistance, were significantly associated with knee OA; those with knee OA had 35% higher HOMA-IR values and 52% higher leptin levels compared to those without knee OA. The magnitude of the association between HOMA-IR and knee OA was strongest among men, regardless of obesity status; odds ratios (ORs) for HOMA-IR were 34% greater among non-obese men (OR=1.18) vs obese women (OR=0.88). Among obese women, a 5-μg/L higher leptin was associated with nearly 30% higher odds of having knee OA (OR=1.28). Among men, ORs for the association of leptin and knee OA were in the opposite direction. Cardiometabolic dysfunction is related to osteophytes-defined radiographic knee OA prevalence and persists within subgroups defined by obesity status and gender. A sex dimorphism in the direction and magnitude of cardiometabolic risk factors with respect to knee OA was described including HOMA-IR being associated with OA prevalence among men while leptin levels were most important among women.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Kidney diseases, Treatment Outcome, Humans, Kidney, End Stage Renal Disease, and 15 moreBlood Pressure, Female, Male, Serum Creatinine, Clinical Sciences, Membranous Nephropathy, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Prognosis, Proteinuria, High Sensitivity, Chronic Kidney Failure, Creatinine, and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Although interventions exist to reduce violent crime, optimal implementation requires accurate targeting. We report the results of an attempt to develop an actuarial model using machine learning methods to predict future violent crimes... more
Although interventions exist to reduce violent crime, optimal implementation requires accurate targeting. We report the results of an attempt to develop an actuarial model using machine learning methods to predict future violent crimes among US Army soldiers. A consolidated administrative database for all 975 057 soldiers in the US Army in 2004-2009 was created in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). Of these soldiers, 5771 committed a first founded major physical violent crime (murder-manslaughter, kidnapping, aggravated arson, aggravated assault, robbery) over that time period. Temporally prior administrative records measuring socio-demographic, Army career, criminal justice, medical/pharmacy, and contextual variables were used to build an actuarial model for these crimes separately among men and women using machine learning methods (cross-validated stepwise regression, random forests, penalized regressions). The model was then validated in...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Civilian suicide rates vary by occupation in ways related to occupational stress exposure. Comparable military research finds suicide rates elevated in combat arms occupations. However, no research has evaluated variation in this pattern... more
Civilian suicide rates vary by occupation in ways related to occupational stress exposure. Comparable military research finds suicide rates elevated in combat arms occupations. However, no research has evaluated variation in this pattern by deployment history, the indicator of occupation stress widely considered responsible for the recent rise in the military suicide rate. The joint associations of Army occupation and deployment history in predicting suicides were analysed in an administrative dataset for the 729 337 male enlisted Regular Army soldiers in the US Army between 2004 and 2009. There were 496 suicides over the study period (22.4/100 000 person-years). Only two occupational categories, both in combat arms, had significantly elevated suicide rates: infantrymen (37.2/100 000 person-years) and combat engineers (38.2/100 000 person-years). However, the suicide rates in these two categories were significantly lower when currently deployed (30.6/100 000 person-years) than never...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Genetics, Nephrology, Urology, Membrane Proteins, Adolescent, and 17 moreSTEROIDS, Humans, Child, Mutation, Resistance, Drug Resistance, Infant, The, Phenotype, Clinical Sciences, Newborn Infant, Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome, Genotype, Adult, Age of Onset, Nephrotic syndrome, and Child preschool
The Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS) has found that the proportional elevation in the US Army enlisted soldier suicide rate during deployment (compared with the never-deployed or previously... more
The Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS) has found that the proportional elevation in the US Army enlisted soldier suicide rate during deployment (compared with the never-deployed or previously deployed) is significantly higher among women than men, raising the possibility of gender differences in the adverse psychological effects of deployment. Person-month survival models based on a consolidated administrative database for active duty enlisted Regular Army soldiers in 2004-2009 (n = 975,057) were used to characterize the gender × deployment interaction predicting suicide. Four explanatory hypotheses were explored involving the proportion of females in each soldier's occupation, the proportion of same-gender soldiers in each soldier's unit, whether the soldier reported sexual assault victimization in the previous 12 months, and the soldier's pre-deployment history of treated mental/behavioral disorders. The suicide rate of currently deployed women (14.0/100,000 person-years) was 3.1-3.5 times the rates of other (i.e. never-deployed/previously deployed) women. The suicide rate of currently deployed men (22.6/100,000 person-years) was 0.9-1.2 times the rates of other men. The adjusted (for time trends, sociodemographics, and Army career variables) female:male odds ratio comparing the suicide rates of currently deployed v. other women v. men was 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.1-6.8), became 2.4 after excluding soldiers with Direct Combat Arms occupations, and remained elevated (in the range 1.9-2.8) after adjusting for the hypothesized explanatory variables. These results are valuable in excluding otherwise plausible hypotheses for the elevated suicide rate of deployed women and point to the importance of expanding future research on the psychological challenges of deployment for women.
Research Interests:
The identification of recessive disease-causing genes by homozygosity mapping is often restricted by lack of suitable consanguineous families. To overcome these limitations, we apply homozygosity mapping to single affected individuals... more
The identification of recessive disease-causing genes by homozygosity mapping is often restricted by lack of suitable consanguineous families. To overcome these limitations, we apply homozygosity mapping to single affected individuals from outbred populations. In 72 individuals of 54 kindred ascertained worldwide with known homozygous mutations in 13 different recessive disease genes, we performed total genome homozygosity mapping using 250,000 SNP arrays. Likelihood ratio Z-scores (ZLR) were plotted across the genome to detect ZLR peaks that reflect segments of homozygosity by descent, which may harbor the mutated gene. In 93% of cases, the causative gene was positioned within a consistent ZLR peak of homozygosity. The number of peaks reflected the degree of inbreeding. We demonstrate that disease-causing homozygous mutations can be detected in single cases from outbred populations within a single ZLR peak of homozygosity as short as 2 Mb, containing an average of only 16 candidate...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Turkey, Risk assessment, Israel, Humans, Child, and 23 moreMutation, United States, Female, Male, Genetic Association Studies, Infant, Karyotyping, Pedigree, Risk factors, Phenotype, Clinical Sciences, Introns, Time Factors, Disease Progression, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Chronic Kidney Failure, Gonadoblastoma, Age of Onset, Nephrotic syndrome, Wilms' tumor, DNA mutational analysis, and Child preschool(Mutation, United States, Female, Male, Genetic Association Studies, Infant, Karyotyping, Pedigree, Risk factors, Phenotype, Clinical Sciences, Introns, Time Factors, Disease Progression, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Chronic Kidney Failure, Gonadoblastoma, Age of Onset, Nephrotic syndrome, Wilms' tumor, DNA mutational analysis, and Child preschool)
(Mutation, United States, Female, Male, Genetic Association Studies, Infant, Karyotyping, Pedigree, Risk factors, Phenotype, Clinical Sciences, Introns, Time Factors, Disease Progression, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Chronic Kidney Failure, Gonadoblastoma, Age of Onset, Nephrotic syndrome, Wilms' tumor, DNA mutational analysis, and Child preschool)
Research Interests: Psychology, Demography, Psychological Medicine, South Africa, Humans, and 16 morePsychological, Female, Male, Mental Disorders, Mental health services, Mental Disorder, Health Status, South African, Aged, Prevalence, Middle Aged, Adult, Public health systems and services research, Time Factors, Seasons, and Neurosciences
The US Army suicide rate has increased sharply in recent years. Identifying significant predictors of Army suicides in Army and Department of Defense (DoD) administrative records might help focus prevention efforts and guide intervention... more
The US Army suicide rate has increased sharply in recent years. Identifying significant predictors of Army suicides in Army and Department of Defense (DoD) administrative records might help focus prevention efforts and guide intervention content. Previous studies of administrative data, although documenting significant predictors, were based on limited samples and models. A career history perspective is used here to develop more textured models. The analysis was carried out as part of the Historical Administrative Data Study (HADS) of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). De-identified data were combined across numerous Army and DoD administrative data systems for all Regular Army soldiers on active duty in 2004-2009. Multivariate associations of sociodemographics and Army career variables with suicide were examined in subgroups defined by time in service, rank and deployment history. Several novel results were found that could have intervention implications. The most notable of these were significantly elevated suicide rates (69.6-80.0 suicides per 100 000 person-years compared with 18.5 suicides per 100 000 person-years in the total Army) among enlisted soldiers deployed either during their first year of service or with less than expected (based on time in service) junior enlisted rank; a substantially greater rise in suicide among women than men during deployment; and a protective effect of marriage against suicide only during deployment. A career history approach produces several actionable insights missed in less textured analyses of administrative data predictors. Expansion of analyses to a richer set of predictors might help refine understanding of intervention implications.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Epidemiology, Dementia, Neuroepidemiology, Population Aging, Humans, and 16 moreSampling methods, Vascular dementia, United States, Female, Male, Population based study, Aged, Prevalence, Cognitive impairment, Public health systems and services research, Health surveys, Health and Retirement Study, Geriatric Assessment, Neurosciences, Logistic Models, and Cohort Studies
Research Interests:
... Prótesis. ; Complicación. ; Salud pública. ; Michigán. ; Ohío. ; Epidemiología. ; Factor riesgo. ; Estados Unidos. ; America del norte. ; America. ; Piel patología. ; Tejido conjuntivo patología. ; Enfermedad sistémica. ; Enfermedad... more
... Prótesis. ; Complicación. ; Salud pública. ; Michigán. ; Ohío. ; Epidemiología. ; Factor riesgo. ; Estados Unidos. ; America del norte. ; America. ; Piel patología. ; Tejido conjuntivo patología. ; Enfermedad sistémica. ; Enfermedad autoinmune. ; Inmunopatología. ; Localisation / Location ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Clinical Epidemiology, Prostate Cancer, Linear models, Family history, Logistic Regression, and 23 moreHumans, African American, Mathematical Sciences, Clinical, Male, Michigan, Risk factors, African Americans, Aged, Middle Aged, Questionnaires, Adult, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Physical examination, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors, Linear Regression, Selection Bias, Epidemiologic Studies, Prostate Specific Antigen, Logistic Models, Benign Prostate Hyperplasia, and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms(Humans, African American, Mathematical Sciences, Clinical, Male, Michigan, Risk factors, African Americans, Aged, Middle Aged, Questionnaires, Adult, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Physical examination, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors, Linear Regression, Selection Bias, Epidemiologic Studies, Prostate Specific Antigen, Logistic Models, Benign Prostate Hyperplasia, and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms)
(Humans, African American, Mathematical Sciences, Clinical, Male, Michigan, Risk factors, African Americans, Aged, Middle Aged, Questionnaires, Adult, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Physical examination, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors, Linear Regression, Selection Bias, Epidemiologic Studies, Prostate Specific Antigen, Logistic Models, Benign Prostate Hyperplasia, and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms)
The psychometric properties of the Penn Face Memory Test (PFMT) were investigated in a large sample (4,236 participants) of U.S. Army Soldiers undergoing computerized neurocognitive testing. Data were drawn from the initial phase of the... more
The psychometric properties of the Penn Face Memory Test (PFMT) were investigated in a large sample (4,236 participants) of U.S. Army Soldiers undergoing computerized neurocognitive testing. Data were drawn from the initial phase of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS), a large-scale study directed towards identifying risk and resilience factors for suicidal behavior and other stress-related disorders in Army Soldiers. In this paper, we report parallel psychometric and cognitive modeling analyses of the PFMT to determine whether ability estimates derived from the measure are precise and valid indicators of memory in the Army STARRS sample. Single-sample cross-validation methodology combined with exploratory factor and multidimensional item response theory techniques were used to explore the latent structure of the PFMT. To help resolve rotational indeterminacy of the exploratory solution, latent constructs were aligned with parameter estimates derived from an unequal-variance signal detection model. Analyses suggest that the PFMT measures two distinct latent constructs, one associated with memory strength and one associated with response bias, and that test scores are generally precise indicators of ability for the majority of Army STARRS participants. These findings support the use of the PFMT as a measure of major constructs related to recognition memory and have implications for further cognitive-psychometric model development.
Research Interests:
... Of the original HRS cohort, we considered only the 9,756 subjects between 51 and 61 yrs of ... of employed, older workers, we report here on the 237 farm operators, farm workers, gardeners, and other workers in agricultural... more
... Of the original HRS cohort, we considered only the 9,756 subjects between 51 and 61 yrs of ... of employed, older workers, we report here on the 237 farm operators, farm workers, gardeners, and other workers in agricultural occupations (codes 473-489; National Center for ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This study examined risk factors for occupational injury among older workers. We analyzed data on 6854 employed nonfarmers from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a population-based sample of Americans 51 through 61 years old.... more
This study examined risk factors for occupational injury among older workers. We analyzed data on 6854 employed nonfarmers from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a population-based sample of Americans 51 through 61 years old. Occupational injuries were associated with the following: the occupations of mechanics and repairers (odds ratio [OR] = 2.27), service personnel (OR = 1.68), and laborers (OR = 2.18); jobs requiring heavy lifting (OR = 2.75); workers' impaired hearing (OR = 1.60) and impaired vision (OR = 1.53); and jobs requiring good vision (OR = 1.43). Self-employment was associated with fewer injuries (OR = 0.47). These results emphasize the importance of a good match between job demands and worker capabilities.