Qudama Al-Yasiri
Szent István University, Mechanical Engineering, Graduate Student
- A researcher interested in Energy Engineering in general with special focus on solar applications. My current scope o... moreA researcher interested in Energy Engineering in general with special focus on solar applications. My current scope of research is the incorporation of Phase Change Materials into building envelope applications.(A researcher interested in Energy Engineering in general with special focus on solar applications. My current scope of research is the incorporation of Phase Change Materials into building envelope applications.)edit
Research Interests: Materials Science, Energy Efficiency Buildings, Sustainable Building Materials, Energy Efficiency in buildings and cities, Building Performance Evaluation, and 15 moreEnergy Efficiency in Buildings, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Building Services and Equipment, Composite Material, Thermal, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Sustainaible development Energy saving in buildings, Building Envelope, Building Materials Roofing, Roof, and Heat transfer in buildings(Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Building Services and Equipment, Composite Material, Thermal, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Sustainaible development Energy saving in buildings, Building Envelope, Building Materials Roofing, Roof, and Heat transfer in buildings)
(Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Building Services and Equipment, Composite Material, Thermal, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Sustainaible development Energy saving in buildings, Building Envelope, Building Materials Roofing, Roof, and Heat transfer in buildings)
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Research Interests: Materials Science, Energy Efficiency Buildings, Sustainable Building Materials, Energy Efficiency in buildings and cities, Building Performance Evaluation, and 15 moreEnergy Efficiency in Buildings, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Building Services and Equipment, Composite Material, Thermal, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Sustainaible development Energy saving in buildings, Building Envelope, Building Materials Roofing, Roof, and Heat transfer in buildings(Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Building Services and Equipment, Composite Material, Thermal, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Sustainaible development Energy saving in buildings, Building Envelope, Building Materials Roofing, Roof, and Heat transfer in buildings)
(Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Building Services and Equipment, Composite Material, Thermal, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Sustainaible development Energy saving in buildings, Building Envelope, Building Materials Roofing, Roof, and Heat transfer in buildings)
Incorporating phase change material (PCM) into buildings in hot climates is an excellent strategy for better thermal comfort and energy-saving in future smart cities. Nevertheless, PCM elements suffer from adverse temperature behaviour at... more
Incorporating phase change material (PCM) into buildings in hot climates is an excellent strategy for better thermal comfort and energy-saving in future smart cities. Nevertheless, PCM elements suffer from adverse temperature behaviour at night due to the dissipation of stored diurnal heat. Night ventilation has been proposed as a promising solution and clean strategy for decreasing indoor building temperature at night and increasing PCM benefits in the following cycle. In this study, the effect of the natural night ventilation (NNV) period on the thermal performance of a room-integrated PCM is investigated experimentally under hot summer conditions in Iraq. Six NNV periods (with 1 h increment) are studied for six consecutive days in terms of average indoor and operative temperature reduction. Moreover, the work is extended to study the average heat gain difference in each day cycle to show the contribution of PCM to energy-saving. The results showed a slight enhancement in the average indoor air temperature of the PCM room compared with another identical no-PCM room regardless of the NNV period due to high outdoor ambient temperature at night. However, NNV for 4 h can reduce the average indoor air temperature by 28.6% compared with 1 h of NNV, whereas a slight extra reduction was achieved for 5 and 6 h. Besides, NNV slightly affected the operative temperature at night against no impact during the day, which was more influenced by the solar radiation and high diurnal ambient temperature. The results further revealed that a total average heat gain difference of 63.1-87.9 W was achieved, in which the roof contributed by more than 44% in each cycle.
Research Interests: Environmental Engineering, Architectural Engineering, Environmental Science, Cleaner Production, Meteorology, and 14 moreEnergy Efficiency Buildings, Building Performance Evaluation, Building Construction, Manufacturing Engineering, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Thermal comfort, Energy savings, Natural ventilation, Phase Change Material, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Net Zero Energy Buildings, Building Envelope, and Interdisciplinary Engineering(Energy Efficiency Buildings, Building Performance Evaluation, Building Construction, Manufacturing Engineering, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Thermal comfort, Energy savings, Natural ventilation, Phase Change Material, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Net Zero Energy Buildings, Building Envelope, and Interdisciplinary Engineering)
(Energy Efficiency Buildings, Building Performance Evaluation, Building Construction, Manufacturing Engineering, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Thermal comfort, Energy savings, Natural ventilation, Phase Change Material, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Net Zero Energy Buildings, Building Envelope, and Interdisciplinary Engineering)
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In recent years, the summer season in Iraq has become longer and hotter than before, leading to high cooling loads inside buildings and increased demand for electrical energy. The use of sustainable energy and insulation techniques for... more
In recent years, the summer season in Iraq has become longer and hotter than before, leading to high cooling loads inside buildings and increased demand for electrical energy. The use of sustainable energy and insulation techniques for building envelopes are reasonable solutions for overcoming harsh weather conditions and reaching acceptable thermal comfort levels. In this study, a survey on more than 60 residential buildings in Al-Amarah City, Iraq, was conducted on 21 July 2018 to examine the nature of the most common construction materials used in the building envelopes. Furthermore, the cooling loads of building envelope elements, e.g. roof, external walls and windows, was calculated using the cooling load temperature difference/solar cooling load/cooling load factor method of ASHRAE. The results were tabulated and compared for each combination of elements. The results showed that reflective glass is the optimal choice for exterior windows. The 'clay"“insulation"“f...
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Phase change materials (PCMs) can beneficially work as a successful thermal energy storage medium in different applications. PCMs have shown a remarkable enhancement in building energy-saving and thermal comfort in hot locations. In this... more
Phase change materials (PCMs) can beneficially work as a successful thermal energy storage medium in different applications. PCMs have shown a remarkable enhancement in building energy-saving and thermal comfort in hot locations. In this paper, the thermal behaviour of a PCM-enhanced thermally-poor building envelope is studied experimentally. To this aim, two identical rooms, one loaded with PCM (PCM room) and the other without (reference room), are built and tested under a severe hot climate of Al Amarah city, Iraq. Previously examined parameters, such as the optimal position and thickness of the PCM layer in the roof and the best-thermally performed PCM capsules integrated concrete bricks, are considered to build the PCM room. Several energetic and thermal comfort indicators such as maximum temperature reduction (MTR), average temperature fluctuation reduction (ATFR), decrement factor (DF), time lag (TL), operative temperature difference (OTD), discomfort hours reduction (DHR) and maximum heat gain reduction (MHGR) are determined and discussed to show the potential of PCM. The experimental results revealed that the incorporated PCM could remarkably improve the thermal performance of building envelope exposed to high outdoor temperatures. Amongst envelope elements and compared with the reference room, the roof and east wall of the PCM room recorded the best thermal behaviour, where the MTR difference, ATFR, DF, and TL difference reached 3.75 °C, 6.5 °C, 25.6%, 70 min for the roof, and 2.75 °C, 2.4 °C, 12.8% and 40 min for the east wall, respectively. Moreover, the PCM room shows a thermal comfort enhancement by 11.2% and 34.8%, considering the DHR and MHGR, respectively, compared with the reference one. The study highlighted that suitable ventilation means are necessary to improve the building performance and reach acceptable thermal comfort when the PCM is incorporated passively.
Research Interests: Energy Efficiency Buildings, Building Maintenance Management, Sustainable Building Materials, Energy Efficiency in buildings and cities, Building Performance Evaluation, and 15 moreEnergy Efficiency in Buildings, Green Building, Building Energy Management, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Indoor environment - thermal comfort, indoor air quality health and wellbeing, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Thermal comfort, Phase Change Materials, Thermal Comfort of Buildings' Occupants, Net Zero Energy Buildings, Building Envelope, Thermal comfort & Energy efficiency in hot climates, and Evaluating energy consumption in residential buildings in terms of climatic factors(Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Green Building, Building Energy Management, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Indoor environment - thermal comfort, indoor air quality health and wellbeing, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Thermal comfort, Phase Change Materials, Thermal Comfort of Buildings' Occupants, Net Zero Energy Buildings, Building Envelope, Thermal comfort & Energy efficiency in hot climates, and Evaluating energy consumption in residential buildings in terms of climatic factors)
(Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Green Building, Building Energy Management, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Indoor environment - thermal comfort, indoor air quality health and wellbeing, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Thermal comfort, Phase Change Materials, Thermal Comfort of Buildings' Occupants, Net Zero Energy Buildings, Building Envelope, Thermal comfort & Energy efficiency in hot climates, and Evaluating energy consumption in residential buildings in terms of climatic factors)
Cooling and airconditioning systems are the primary consumers of building energy in hot and mixed climate locations. The reliance on traditional systems, driven electrically, is the main reason behind the deterioration and ever-increasing... more
Cooling and airconditioning systems are the primary consumers of building energy in hot and mixed climate locations. The reliance on traditional systems, driven electrically, is the main reason behind the deterioration and ever-increasing demand for energy in buildings. This is also associated with a vast amount of CO 2 emissions and other environmental concerns. Solar energy has been introduced as a crucial alternative for many applications, including cooling and airconditioning , which has been proven to be a reliable and excellent energy source. This paper presents and discusses a general overview of solar cooling and airconditioning systems (SCACSs) used for building applications. The popular SCACSs driven by solar thermal energy are elaborated in detail, considering their operation and development aspects. A comparison among solar thermal SCACSs is performed, taking into account several technical, operational, economic and environmental indicators. Some research gaps, recommendations, and conclusions are derived from the reviewed literature to understand and further develop this essential research domain.
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Cooling and air-conditioning systems are responsible for the highest energy consumption in buildings located in hot areas. This high share does not only increase the building energy demand cost but also increases the environmental impact,... more
Cooling and air-conditioning systems are responsible for the highest energy consumption in buildings located in hot areas. This high share does not only increase the building energy demand cost but also increases the environmental impact, the topmost awareness of the modern era. The development of traditional systems and reliance on renewable technologies have increased drastically in the last century but still lacks economic concerns. Passive cooling strategies have been introduced as a successful option to mitigate the energy demand and improve energy conservation in buildings. This paper shed light on some passive strategies that could be applied to minimise building cooling loads to encourage the movement towards healthier and more energy-efficient buildings. For this purpose, seven popular passive technologies have been discussed shortly: multi-panned windows, shading devices, insulations, green roofing, phase change materials, reflective coatings, and natural ventilation using the windcatcher technique. The analysis of each strategy has shown that the building energy could be improved remarkably. Furthermore, adopting more passive strategies can significantly enhance the building thermal comfort even under severe weather conditions.
Research Interests: Architecture, Renewable Energy, Windows, Passive Solar Architecture, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, and 10 morePassive Design, Passive Cooling, Phase Change Material, Green buildings, Cooling Loads, Sustainable Design Green Buildings, Net Zero Energy Buildings, Natural ventilation as a passive cooling strategy, Net Zero Energy Homes, and Passive Cooling Systems for Hot-Arid Climate in Islamic Iranian Architecture(Passive Design, Passive Cooling, Phase Change Material, Green buildings, Cooling Loads, Sustainable Design Green Buildings, Net Zero Energy Buildings, Natural ventilation as a passive cooling strategy, Net Zero Energy Homes, and Passive Cooling Systems for Hot-Arid Climate in Islamic Iranian Architecture)
(Passive Design, Passive Cooling, Phase Change Material, Green buildings, Cooling Loads, Sustainable Design Green Buildings, Net Zero Energy Buildings, Natural ventilation as a passive cooling strategy, Net Zero Energy Homes, and Passive Cooling Systems for Hot-Arid Climate in Islamic Iranian Architecture)
Phase change materials (PCMs) are successful thermal energy storage mediums in many thermal systems, including buildings. Identifying the best PCM candidate is a critical incorporation parameter that influences building thermal... more
Phase change materials (PCMs) are successful thermal energy storage mediums in many thermal systems, including buildings. Identifying the best PCM candidate is a critical incorporation parameter that influences building thermal performance. This paper discusses the selection of potential PCM candidates that could be applied for building heating applications in cold locations. A qualitative decision matrix (QDM) is applied for several commercial PCMs after an extensive analysis of relevant literature studies. The melting temperature, heat of fusion, thermal conductivity, compatibility, flammability and cost of each PCM are considered in the QDM to find the most suitable candidates with the best effective properties and features. PCM properties/features are assigned with scores and weights in the QDM based on their importance for the application. Three scenarios are investigated in this work, including and excluding the PCM cost with varying and equal weights. Results showed that RT28HC had the highest score in all scenarios, followed by SavE®HS29 in the first scenario (when the cost is included) and PureTemp 32 in the second scenario without considering the cost. The methodology and results presented in this work are believed to be as efficient as logical for future studies compared with the traditional methods that rely on investigating the PCM thermo-physical properties.
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In recent years, phase change materials (PCMs) have increasingly received attention in different thermal energy storage and management fields. In the building sector, paraffin as a phase change material (PPCM) has been introduced as an... more
In recent years, phase change materials (PCMs) have increasingly received attention in different thermal energy storage and management fields. In the building sector, paraffin as a phase change material (PPCM) has been introduced as an efficient PCM incorporated in a building envelope, which showed remarkable results. However, the poor thermal conductivity of PPCM is still the topmost drawback in experimental and numerical investigations. In this paper, a general assessment of paraffins, their common uses and applications, have been presented with a particular focus on their potential in building envelope applications. Moreover, the general and desired properties of PPCM are highlighted and evaluated. The primary practical limitation of PPCM of poor thermal conductivity and their effect on PPCM performance is presented and discussed. Correspondingly, the popular techniques applied to improve the poor thermal conductivity are presented and discussed in four categories: the dispersion of nanoparticles, expanded graphite, metallic foam, and extended surfaces technique (fins). All in all, the analysed research works indicated that PPCM based building envelope applications could remarkably improve the thermal performance of buildings in terms of thermal load reduction, energy-saving and thermal comfort. Furthermore, the adoption of enhancement techniques is essential to improve the thermal performance of PPCM in building applications for better utilisation. This review provides a clear vision for the newcomers and interested parties about the main application aspects of PPCM in the building sector for further investigations towards technology commercialisation.
Research Interests: Sustainable Building Materials, Energy Efficiency in buildings and cities, Nanotechnology, Building Performance Evaluation, Energy Efficiency in Buildings, and 12 moreEnergy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Nanoscience, Phase Change Materials, Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Energy Storage, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Phase Change Materials (PCM), Energy and Building, Paraffin, Building Envelope, and Building Performance(Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Nanoscience, Phase Change Materials, Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Energy Storage, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Phase Change Materials (PCM), Energy and Building, Paraffin, Building Envelope, and Building Performance)
(Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Nanoscience, Phase Change Materials, Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Energy Storage, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Phase Change Materials (PCM), Energy and Building, Paraffin, Building Envelope, and Building Performance)
The roof plays a predominant role in residential buildings' energy efficiency in hot countries as it receives a significant amount of solar radiation during the summer months. Incorporating phase change material is considered a... more
The roof plays a predominant role in residential buildings' energy efficiency in hot countries as it receives a significant amount of solar radiation during the summer months. Incorporating phase change material is considered a sustainable solution to improve building energy performance. In this paper, the energy-saving earned from incorporating separate phase change material panel into a composite flat roof is investigated experimentally under hot climatic conditions of Al Amarah city, south of Iraq. Two identical small-scale rooms (with and without phase change material layer) have been installed considering composite flat roof and insulated floor and walls. The roofs are composed of Isogam (as a roofing layer), concrete (as the main roof layer) and gypsum board (as a cladding layer). The maximum temperature reduction, average temperature fluctuation reduction, decrement factor and time lag have been calculated and discussed. Results indicated that PCM could efficiently reduce heat transfer through the roof and contribute to building energy saving. The maximum interior surface temperature is reduced by up to 8.75 °C in the PCM roof. Moreover, an average maximum temperature reduction, average temperature fluctuation reduction, decrement factor and time lag of respectively 10.65%, 7.68 °C, 0.522 and ~100 min, is obtained from the modified roof compared to the reference roof.
Research Interests: Heat Transfer, Sustainable Building Materials, Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Energy, Green Wall, Green Roof, and 6 morePhase Change Materials, Heat transfer enhancement, Building Envelope, Responsive Envelopes of Buildings, Building Materials Roofing, and Building Thermal Performance
In this paper, the thermal performance of phase change material (PCM) incorporated concrete bricks is studied experimentally. Four concrete bricks (three with macroencapsulated PCM and one without PCM represented the reference) are... more
In this paper, the thermal performance of phase change material (PCM) incorporated concrete bricks is studied experimentally. Four concrete bricks (three with macroencapsulated PCM and one without PCM represented the reference) are fabricated, and their thermal performance is tested under hot climate conditions. The study considered the effect of PCM encapsulation heat transfer area on brick's thermal performance at the same PCM quantity. PCM bricks included three different PCM capsule arrangements in which the first brick involved one bulky capsule (Brick-B, 4*4*10 cm 3), the second brick had two capsules (Brick-C, 4*4*5 cm 3), and the third brick involved five PCM capsules (Brick-D, 4*4*2 cm 3). The peak temperature reduction (PTR), the conductive heat transfer reduction (HTRc), and the time delay (TD) were presented and calculated, taking into account the inner and outer brick surface temperatures of PCM bricks compared with the reference brick. Results showed that concrete bricks' thermal performance could be remarkably improved using PCM even under maximum outdoor temperatures. Moreover, the best thermal performance is reported for Brick-D, in which the maximum PTR, HTRc, and TD are reached 156.5 %, ~61 %, and ~133 %, respectively, compared with the reference brick under maximum outdoor temperatures.
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This study presents the experimental results of concrete bricks based macroencapsulated phase change material (PCM) in different capsule designs (circular, square and rectangular cross-sections). Eight concrete bricks (including a... more
This study presents the experimental results of concrete bricks based macroencapsulated phase change material (PCM) in different capsule designs (circular, square and rectangular cross-sections). Eight concrete bricks (including a reference brick without PCM) are fabricated, and their thermal performance is tested under hot summer conditions of Al Amarah city, Iraq. The study considered several indicators such as the interior maximum temperature reduction (MTR), decrement factor (DF) and time lag (TL) to compared among tested bricks in addition to the thermal behaviour during melting and solidification of PCM. Results indicated that all PCM based bricks are performed better than the reference brick in which the maximum interior temperature is shaved and shifted. Moreover, the best thermal performance is reported for bricks of large PCM capsules number. Amongst others, the brick-based square cross-section PCM capsules showed the best thermal contribution where the average MTR of 1.88 • C, average DF of 0.901 and average TL of 42.5 min were obtained compared with the reference brick. The study concluded that PCM capsules' heat transfer area is the main parameter that controls PCM's thermal behaviour as long as all PCM capsules have the same PCM quantity and position. Therefore, excessive encapsulation area might influence the thermal performance of concrete brick and should be specified for the efficient use of PCM storage capacity.
Research Interests: Thermal Engineering, Sustainable Building Design, Sustainable Building Materials, Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Thermal Performance of Buildings, and 6 moreBuilding Services and Equipment, Phase Change Materials, Thermal Performance, Energy Storage, Environmental Design of Buildings, and Thermal Energy Storage
The present paper discusses the main aspects of incorporation phase change materials (PCMs) for building envelope applications. A brief overview of PCM types, properties and desired characteristics for building applications are presented.... more
The present paper discusses the main aspects of incorporation phase change
materials (PCMs) for building envelope applications. A brief overview of PCM
types, properties and desired characteristics for building applications are
presented. Besides, the possible incorporation applications in practice are
discussed for several building envelope elements and construction materials. The
key parameters that affect the thermal performance of PCMs in building
applications are presented and discussed. Finally, some state-of-the-art studies
reported in the literature are investigated and analysed to highlight the
contribution to building efficiency gained by PCMs. It has been shown that
PCMs plays an essential role in building envelope and can improve its thermal
efficiency significantly. However, more investigations regarding this technology
still need to be maintained as presented in the conclusions.
materials (PCMs) for building envelope applications. A brief overview of PCM
types, properties and desired characteristics for building applications are
presented. Besides, the possible incorporation applications in practice are
discussed for several building envelope elements and construction materials. The
key parameters that affect the thermal performance of PCMs in building
applications are presented and discussed. Finally, some state-of-the-art studies
reported in the literature are investigated and analysed to highlight the
contribution to building efficiency gained by PCMs. It has been shown that
PCMs plays an essential role in building envelope and can improve its thermal
efficiency significantly. However, more investigations regarding this technology
still need to be maintained as presented in the conclusions.
Research Interests:
Phase change materials (PCMs) incorporated building envelope for thermal energy storage (TES) considerably enhances building thermal energy and improves indoor comfort. Amongst other methods, macroencapsulation provides a flexible and... more
Phase change materials (PCMs) incorporated building envelope for thermal energy storage (TES) considerably enhances building thermal energy and improves indoor comfort. Amongst other methods, macroencapsulation provides a flexible and efficient PCM utilization among practical incorporation methods during a long time of service. Nevertheless, there is still argument regarding PCM thermal performance during melting and solidification phases due to macroencapsulation containers, not to mention PCM’s poor thermal conductivity. A brief overview of possible practical integration methods of PCMs with building elements is presented along with the main advantages and drawbacks in this work. This is followed by the popular incorporation techniques in building applications giving special attention
to the macroencapsulation method and its role in improving building performance. The main influential aspects of macroencapsulated PCM performance during the melting and solidification, namely the shape,
material type, compatibility with PCM type, and enhancement methods of encapsulation containers, are highlighted and discussed. We believe that this work analysis and conclusions provide a clear understanding
of the main trends and gaps in this research area for further investigation and optimization studies by researchers, engineers, and developers.
to the macroencapsulation method and its role in improving building performance. The main influential aspects of macroencapsulated PCM performance during the melting and solidification, namely the shape,
material type, compatibility with PCM type, and enhancement methods of encapsulation containers, are highlighted and discussed. We believe that this work analysis and conclusions provide a clear understanding
of the main trends and gaps in this research area for further investigation and optimization studies by researchers, engineers, and developers.
Research Interests: Energy Efficiency Buildings, Sustainable Building Materials, Green Building Materials (Architecture), Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, and 5 moreThermal Performance of Buildings, Green Building Material (concrete), Phase Change Materials, Building and Construction Materials, and Building Envelope
The current study experimentally investigates the optimal thickness of a phase change material (PCM) layer incorporated composite roof under severe exterior temperatures. Three PCM thicknesses, namely 10, 15 and 20 mm, are embedded inside... more
The current study experimentally investigates the optimal thickness of a phase change material (PCM) layer incorporated composite roof under severe exterior temperatures. Three PCM thicknesses, namely 10, 15 and 20 mm, are embedded inside a popular roof combination for residential buildings in Iraq compared with the reference roof without PCM. The composite roof is composed of Isogam (4 mm) as a roofing material, concrete (50 mm) as a main roof layer, and gypsum board (8 mm) as a cladding layer, which is the worst thermal-performed roof combination in the country. Each PCM thickness case's thermal performance has been evaluated considering energetic indicators based on room temperature, interior surface temperature, and average outside surface temperature. These indicators are room maximum temperature reduction (RMTR), average temperature fluctuation reduction (ATFR), decrement factor (DF) and time lag (TL). The experimental results showed that the room temperature could be reduced by up to 9 C compared with the reference roof. Moreover, the best thermal performance is reported for the composite roof based 20 mm thickness which resulted in a maximum of 13.9 % 10.74 C, 44.7 % and 190 min of respectively RMTR, ATFR, DF and TL more than that of the reference case. The study concluded that the thicker PCM layer results in better thermal performance. However, increasing PCM thickness from 10 to 15 mm and then to 20 mm reduced RMTR by 2.3 % and 0.4 %, respectively. Therefore, the effect of PCM heat discharging medium and the economic concern should be considered when installing large PCM thickness/quantity into real scale buildings.
Research Interests: Energy Efficiency Buildings, Sustainable Building Materials, Energy Efficiency in buildings and cities, Building Performance Evaluation, Energy Efficiency in Buildings, and 12 moreEnergy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Building Services and Equipment, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Phase Change Materials (PCM), Sustainaible development Energy saving in buildings, Building Envelope, Building Materials Roofing, and Heat transfer in buildings(Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Building Services and Equipment, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Phase Change Materials (PCM), Sustainaible development Energy saving in buildings, Building Envelope, Building Materials Roofing, and Heat transfer in buildings)
(Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Building Services and Equipment, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Phase Change Materials (PCM), Sustainaible development Energy saving in buildings, Building Envelope, Building Materials Roofing, and Heat transfer in buildings)
This paper experimentally investigates the optimal position of a phase change material (PCM) incorporated composite roof under Iraq climatic conditions. The roof composed of Isogam (4 mm), concrete (50 mm) and gypsum board (8 mm) which is... more
This paper experimentally investigates the optimal position of a phase change material (PCM) incorporated composite roof under Iraq climatic conditions. The roof composed of Isogam (4 mm), concrete (50 mm) and gypsum board (8 mm) which is an Iraqi popular roof combination. Four models are installed and tested; one represented the reference roof (Model A) and the others incorporated with PCM. The PCM placed between Isogam and concrete (Model B), in the middle of concrete (Model C), and between the concrete and gypsum board (Model D). Set of indicators are introduced to compare among models considering the test room temperature , outside and inside roof surface temperatures. These indicators are the room maximum temperature reduction (RMTR), average temperature fluctuation reduction (ATFR), decrement factor (DF), time lag (TL) and heat flux reduction (HFR). Results showed that Model B verified the best thermal performance, and the PCM was effectively working at high outside temperatures. The maximum room temperature of PCM models was reduced by up to 9 • C compared with the reference model. Moreover, a maximum of 12.9%, 8.4-9.5 • C, 0.44-0.49, 140-180 min, 47.9-64.6% of respectively RMTR, ATFR, DF, TL, and HFR, are obtained for Model B under high outside temperatures. Introduction Buildings and constructions are responsible for more than 36% of global final energy end-use and 39% of CO 2 emissions due to rapid population and urbanisation [1]. Therefore, serious improvements towards sustainable buildings are required to meet the Paris Agreement's target by improving buildings' energy intensity by up to 30% by 2030 compared with 2015 [2]. Amongst recent technologies, building envelope based PCM is a booming technology nowadays that showed remarkable benefits concerning building energy efficiency through improving the building thermal comfort and energy saving [3-6]. Despite the remarkable advances of PCMs to improve the thermal performance of any envelope element integrated with, there are still open questions regarding key parameters for their efficient use, such as PCM's influential position. PCM's best position within the building envelope plays a predominant role in controlling the PCM performance, which depends highly on the PCM thermal properties and environmental conditions [7]. In other words, specifying PCM's optimal position within the building envelope is a key factor of the technology. It affects the rate and time to reach the full exploitation of PCM potential, influencing the building's energy performance accordingly [8]. Researchers have made efforts to point out the PCM layer's optimal position under different climatic conditions, but no universal agreement has been reached. Under hot locations, studies were chiefly concluded three influential positions, namely close to the envelope exterior, middle of the envelope and, close to the indoor environment. Lagou et al. [9] numerically investigated PCM's optimal position integrated non-conditioned buildings in diverse European countries at different locations. Analytical results revealed that the PCM should be placed in the interior edge to get the best PCM performance for all locations, including the hot ones. Hu and Yu [10] numerically studied the optimal position concerning the insulation in roof combination in five cities of China. Under summer conditions, the results showed that the optimal PCM position is to the inside of insulation where the cooling loads were decreased remarkably. The reason attributed to that the heat transferred
Research Interests:
Phase change materials (PCMs) are increasingly investigated in the last years as a successful strategy in many thermal energy storage applications. In the building sector, PCMs are utilised to improve building efficiency by reducing... more
Phase change materials (PCMs) are increasingly investigated in the last years as a successful strategy in many thermal energy storage applications. In the building sector, PCMs are utilised to improve building efficiency by reducing cooling/heating loads and promoting renewable energy sources, such as solar energy. This paper shows the recent research works on integrating PCMs with building envelope for heating purposes. The main PCM categories and their main characteristics are presented, focusing on PCM types applied for building heating applications. The main methods adopted to incorporate PCMs with building elements and materials are mentioned, and the popular passive and active incorporation techniques are discussed. Lastly, the main contribution to building energy saving is discussed in terms of heating applications. The analysed studies indicated that all PCMs could improve the building energy saving in the cold climates by up to 44.16% regardless of their types and incorporation techniques. Several conclusions and recommendations are derived from the analysed studies that are believed to be a guideline for further research.
Research Interests: Energy Efficiency Buildings, Building Integrated Solar Energy Technologies, Energy Efficiency in buildings and cities, Energy efficiency, Energy Efficiency in Buildings, and 9 moreBuilding Construction, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Thermal Energy Storage, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Net Zero Energy Buildings, Energy efficient, Building Performance, Building Integrated Renewable Energy, and Efficient Heating Systems in Buildings
Building envelope is a key element in providing adequate energy and thermal comfort performance to buildings. In this regard, improvement solutions are implemented in recent studies that focus on new techniques and methods. The main... more
Building envelope is a key element in providing adequate energy and thermal comfort performance to buildings. In this regard, improvement solutions are implemented in recent studies that focus on new techniques and methods. The main techniques adopted in this context are discussed to identify modern and effective methods with a particular focus on phase change materials (PCMs). Incorporating PCMs with building construction materials is a booming technology, owing to their enhancement potential of storing and releasing heat during phase transition. This work highlights the importance of PCMs in building envelope, focusing on roof and external wall applications. PCM types, general and desired properties and application area are presented and discussed. Influential parameters, incorporation techniques and methods, main numerical tools, and modelling equations are used to describe the thermal behaviour of PCM. A comprehensive assessment on the basis of recent studies has been conducted to point out the potential of PCM with the most appropriate techniques under different locations. The main findings of PCM thermal performance have been described, considering the cooling/heating load reduction, energy-saving and thermal comfort gained along with several research hiatuses for future studies.
Research Interests: Sustainable Building Design, Building Materials (Archaeology), Sustainable Building Materials, Energy Efficiency in buildings and cities, Capacity Building, and 15 moreEnergy Efficiency in Buildings, Knowledge building, Green Building, Building Technology, Building Construction, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building, Building Services and Equipment, Energy Efficient Buidlins, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Environmental Design of Buildings, Phase Change Materials (PCM), Building Envelope, and Building Integrated Renewable Energy(Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Knowledge building, Green Building, Building Technology, Building Construction, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building, Building Services and Equipment, Energy Efficient Buidlins, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Environmental Design of Buildings, Phase Change Materials (PCM), Building Envelope, and Building Integrated Renewable Energy)
(Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Knowledge building, Green Building, Building Technology, Building Construction, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building, Building Services and Equipment, Energy Efficient Buidlins, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Environmental Design of Buildings, Phase Change Materials (PCM), Building Envelope, and Building Integrated Renewable Energy)
Solar energy represents the best alternative for traditional energy sources used in many thermal energy systems. Among solar thermal systems, Flat Plate Solar Collectors (FPSCs) are the most utilized type implemented in low and... more
Solar energy represents the best alternative for traditional energy sources used in many thermal energy systems. Among solar thermal systems, Flat Plate Solar Collectors (FPSCs) are the most utilized type implemented in low and medium-level thermal domestic applications. Recently, the usage of nanofluids (NFs) to enhance FPSCs is one of the newest technologies that has drawn the attention of researchers to improve the overall thermal efficiency of solar systems. This paper briefly reviews the recent studies carried on thermal performance enhancement of FPSCs by implementing NFs (single and hybrid NFs) considering the main influential parameters such as particle concentration, particle size, and collector area. Finally, the main obstacles reported by the researchers such as the instability, viscosity, concentration limit, corrosion effect and others are identified, which is believed to be useful for interested newcomers in this research area. Based on the studies investigated in this paper, NFs, even under low concentrations, can remarkably improve the energetic and exergetic efficiency of FPSCs.
Research Interests: Heat Transfer, Nanotechnology, Heat treatment of metals and alloys, Solar Energy, Nanoscience, and 7 moreNanofluid (Heat Transfer), Solar Collector, Thermal Performance, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Solar System, Solar Photovoltaic/thermal Collectors, and Flat-plate Solar Collectors
The present work highlights the importance of using the Fresnel lens technique to enhance the productivity of a conventional solar still (CSS). In this regard, the effect of using Fresnel lenses to improve the productivity of a CSS is... more
The present work highlights the importance of using the Fresnel lens technique to enhance the productivity of a conventional solar still (CSS). In this regard, the effect of using Fresnel lenses to improve the productivity of a CSS is investigated experimentally under the climate conditions of Basra city (30.5258°N latitude and 47.7738°E longitude), Iraq. The Fresnel lenses integrated conventional single-slop-basin type solar still (CSS FL) adjustable to be rotated manually at different angles was examined, compared to the CSS which showed a remarkable enhancement of producing output. The study concerned the variation of daily solar radiation and temperature effect on the distillate output and the efficiency of both the conventional and modified solar stills at 1 and 2 cm saline water depths during July and September of the year 2019. The experimental results showed better performance during July where it has been found that the productivity of the CSS FL improved over the CSS by about 68.6% at 1 cm depth and about 59.3% at 2 cm depth. Moreover, the average daily thermal efficiency of the CSS and the CSS FL at 1 cm depth was 21% and 36%, respectively. Several conclusions and recommendations are presented for future work.
Research Interests: Water and wastewater treatment, Water Purification, Water Treatment, Solar thermal, Desalination, and 10 moreSolar Desalination of Water, Solar Thermal Energy, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Solar System, Water Distillation System, Solar Water Distiller, Distilled Water, Solar desalination, Solar distillation, and Solar Energy Applications
Building sector globally accounts for more than 40 % of the energy use, consuming more than industrial or transport sector. Especially in hot climates cooling and air-conditioning represents the highest share of the energy used in... more
Building sector globally accounts for more than 40 % of the energy use, consuming more than industrial or transport sector. Especially in hot climates cooling and air-conditioning represents the highest share of the energy used in buildings. Decreasing the cooling load and utilization of solar energy are key factors in minimizing the dependency on the power systems and maximizing the environmental effects having the suitable indoor comfort for the occupants. A comparison of traditional and modern technology has been conducted for hot climate and presented by a case study for Iraq. According to the calculations building retrofitting contributed by 14 % of reducing the need for cooling. As a
result, it can be concluded too that solar AC systems contribute to low electric power consumption (165 kWh) compared to the traditional one (around 1440 kWh) and results in a CO2 emission decreased by more than 88 %.
result, it can be concluded too that solar AC systems contribute to low electric power consumption (165 kWh) compared to the traditional one (around 1440 kWh) and results in a CO2 emission decreased by more than 88 %.
Research Interests: Building Integrated Solar Energy Technologies, Solar thermal, Sustainable Energy, Environmental Sustainability, Energy Conversion, and 15 moreSolar Absorption Cycle Refrigeration, Solar Energy, Solar Energy Conversion, Solar Thermal Energy, Cooling, Solar cooling, Cooling Loads, Solar cooling using vapour Absorption/ Adsorption, Solar Absorption Airconditioning, Solar Cooling Systems, Solar Thermal Air Conditioning, Solar Energy Technology, Building Integrated Renewable Energy, Vapor Compression Refrigeration System, and Solar Air Conditioning(Solar Absorption Cycle Refrigeration, Solar Energy, Solar Energy Conversion, Solar Thermal Energy, Cooling, Solar cooling, Cooling Loads, Solar cooling using vapour Absorption/ Adsorption, Solar Absorption Airconditioning, Solar Cooling Systems, Solar Thermal Air Conditioning, Solar Energy Technology, Building Integrated Renewable Energy, Vapor Compression Refrigeration System, and Solar Air Conditioning)
(Solar Absorption Cycle Refrigeration, Solar Energy, Solar Energy Conversion, Solar Thermal Energy, Cooling, Solar cooling, Cooling Loads, Solar cooling using vapour Absorption/ Adsorption, Solar Absorption Airconditioning, Solar Cooling Systems, Solar Thermal Air Conditioning, Solar Energy Technology, Building Integrated Renewable Energy, Vapor Compression Refrigeration System, and Solar Air Conditioning)
Diversity of energy sources become an imperious need for the sustainable energy utilization and provision of alternative sources to fossil fuels. The rapid growth in renewable energy uses encouraged numerous to invest and research in... more
Diversity of energy sources become an imperious need for
the sustainable energy utilization and provision of alternative
sources to fossil fuels. The rapid growth in renewable energy
uses encouraged numerous to invest and research in different
fields of renewable energy. Using of Photovoltaic (PV)
technology to generate electricity was one of the most
advanced technologies that attracted the attention of
companies and researchers to focus on especially in the
applications that touch people’s life. In this study, off-grid
PV system was suggested as an alternative source supplying
electricity to a typical household located at latitude (30.5 ̊ N)
and longitude (47.8 ̊ E) in the capital Baghdad, Iraq. The
electrical power consumption compared with the electricity
providing by the national grid using design and simulation
software (sunny design. 3). The electricity demand of the house
was estimated based on the daily electricity usage in summer
season, assessed taking the cost of electricity and
the environmental impact into considerations. The outcomes
demonstrated that the PV system can handle more than
(77.3%) of the apartment electricity within a year, while, the
rest electrical shortfall compensates using Genset system (local
diesel generator). Moreover, the generated CO2 emissions
from traditional electrical power source was reduced to
approximately (22.7%) when PV technology introduced. The
study also evident the feasibility of using such a system by
comparing the price of total power consumption in kWh/
month with the national grid price for the same power
consumed were was very competitive.
the sustainable energy utilization and provision of alternative
sources to fossil fuels. The rapid growth in renewable energy
uses encouraged numerous to invest and research in different
fields of renewable energy. Using of Photovoltaic (PV)
technology to generate electricity was one of the most
advanced technologies that attracted the attention of
companies and researchers to focus on especially in the
applications that touch people’s life. In this study, off-grid
PV system was suggested as an alternative source supplying
electricity to a typical household located at latitude (30.5 ̊ N)
and longitude (47.8 ̊ E) in the capital Baghdad, Iraq. The
electrical power consumption compared with the electricity
providing by the national grid using design and simulation
software (sunny design. 3). The electricity demand of the house
was estimated based on the daily electricity usage in summer
season, assessed taking the cost of electricity and
the environmental impact into considerations. The outcomes
demonstrated that the PV system can handle more than
(77.3%) of the apartment electricity within a year, while, the
rest electrical shortfall compensates using Genset system (local
diesel generator). Moreover, the generated CO2 emissions
from traditional electrical power source was reduced to
approximately (22.7%) when PV technology introduced. The
study also evident the feasibility of using such a system by
comparing the price of total power consumption in kWh/
month with the national grid price for the same power
consumed were was very competitive.
Research Interests: Photovoltaics, Building Integrated Solar Energy Technologies, Photovoltaic Solar Cells, Solar Energy, Photovoltaic Cell, and 15 morePhotovoltaic, grid connected PV inverters, PV system simulation, Solar PV, Solar PV Systems Installation, Solar Photovoltaics, Solar Energy and Photovoltaic cells and panels, Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), Photovoltaic Solar Systems, Grid connected PV system, Photovoltaic system, Photovoltaic Applications In Built Environment, PV cell/module, Building Integrated Renewable Energy, and Solar Energy for Electricity In Residential Buildings(Photovoltaic, grid connected PV inverters, PV system simulation, Solar PV, Solar PV Systems Installation, Solar Photovoltaics, Solar Energy and Photovoltaic cells and panels, Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), Photovoltaic Solar Systems, Grid connected PV system, Photovoltaic system, Photovoltaic Applications In Built Environment, PV cell/module, Building Integrated Renewable Energy, and Solar Energy for Electricity In Residential Buildings)
(Photovoltaic, grid connected PV inverters, PV system simulation, Solar PV, Solar PV Systems Installation, Solar Photovoltaics, Solar Energy and Photovoltaic cells and panels, Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), Photovoltaic Solar Systems, Grid connected PV system, Photovoltaic system, Photovoltaic Applications In Built Environment, PV cell/module, Building Integrated Renewable Energy, and Solar Energy for Electricity In Residential Buildings)
In recent years, the summer season in Iraq has become longer and hotter than before, leading to high cooling loads inside buildings and increased demand for electrical energy. The use of sustainable energy and insulation techniques for... more
In recent years, the summer season in Iraq has become longer and hotter than before, leading to high cooling loads inside buildings and increased demand for electrical energy. The use of sustainable energy and insulation techniques for building envelopes are reasonable solutions for overcoming harsh weather conditions and reaching acceptable thermal comfort levels. In this study, a survey on more than 60 residential buildings in Al-Amarah City, Iraq, was conducted on 21 July 2018 to examine the nature of the most common construction materials used in the building envelopes. Furthermore, the cooling loads of building envelope elements, e.g. roof, external walls and windows, was calculated using the cooling load temperature difference/solar cooling load/cooling load factor method of ASHRAE. The results were tabulated and compared for each combination of elements. The results showed that reflective glass is the optimal choice for exterior windows. The 'clay-insulation-fired clay bricks-cement mortar' and 'cement mortar-thermo-stone bricks-cement mortar-gypsum mortar' combination layers performed well for roof and external wall installations, respectively. Several recommendations were deduced from this study, which can be used as guidelines for construction authorities in Al-Amarah City and individuals interested in energy-efficient buildings.
Research Interests:
Solar thermal system for domestic hot water (DHW) is one of the most common application for utilizing solar energy. Consumption profile of hot water has a significant impact on solar DHW sizing as it relates many uncertainties regarding... more
Solar thermal system for domestic hot water (DHW) is one of the most common application for utilizing solar energy. Consumption profile of hot water has a significant impact on solar DHW sizing as it relates many uncertainties regarding human nature, which is difficult to predict therefore. The size of solar thermal system is roughly estimated in most cases which can results operational difficulties and efficiency losses. In this paper, different DHW consumption profiles have been analysed. The influential parameters on consumption, sizing methods and proposed modelling techniques for solar DHW are discussed and concluded with findings of several case studies.
Research Interests:
In recent years, phase change materials (PCMs) have increasingly received attention in different thermal energy storage and management fields. In the building sector, paraffin as a phase change material (PPCM) has been introduced as an... more
In recent years, phase change materials (PCMs) have increasingly received attention in different thermal energy storage and management fields. In the building sector, paraffin as a phase change material (PPCM) has been introduced as an efficient PCM incorporated in a building envelope, which showed remarkable results. However, the poor thermal conductivity of PPCM is still the topmost drawback in experimental and numerical investigations. In this paper, a general assessment of paraffins, their common uses and applications, have been presented with a particular focus on their potential in building envelope applications. Moreover, the general and desired properties of PPCM are highlighted and evaluated. The primary practical limitation of PPCM of poor thermal conductivity and their effect on PPCM performance is presented and discussed. Correspondingly, the popular techniques applied to improve the poor thermal conductivity are presented and discussed in four categories: the dispersion...
Research Interests: Computer Science, Materials Science, Sustainable Building Materials, Energy Efficiency in buildings and cities, Nanotechnology, and 15 moreBuilding Performance Evaluation, Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Nanoscience, Thermal, Phase Change, Phase Change Material, Phase Change Materials, Thermal Conductivity, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Energy and Building, Paraffin, Building Envelope, and Building Performance(Building Performance Evaluation, Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Nanoscience, Thermal, Phase Change, Phase Change Material, Phase Change Materials, Thermal Conductivity, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Energy and Building, Paraffin, Building Envelope, and Building Performance)
(Building Performance Evaluation, Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Nanoscience, Thermal, Phase Change, Phase Change Material, Phase Change Materials, Thermal Conductivity, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Energy and Building, Paraffin, Building Envelope, and Building Performance)
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The current paper proposes an augmentation of power output production of a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system using dual-axis solar tracking (DAST). Solarius PV software was applied to design and predict the energy... more
The current paper proposes an augmentation of power output production of a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system using dual-axis solar tracking (DAST). Solarius PV software was applied to design and predict the energy demand for a single-family house over one year under the climate condition of Basra city, Iraq. The performance of the DAST-PV system was compared to another stationary PV system has the same capacity in terms of power output and the reduction of generated emissions over 20 years lifetime. The results showed that the stationary PV system can overcome up to 84.8% of the total electricity demand of the house while DAST-PV system can overcome up to 100% with surplus energy of 9886.55 kWh. Moreover, the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions avoided by the DAT-PV system were about 34.8% more than the stationary system over the system lifetime.
Research Interests: Environmental Science, Building Energy Simulation, Building Integrated Solar Energy Technologies, Automotive Engineering, Photovoltaic Solar Cells, and 9 moreSolar Energy, Building Services and Equipment, Phase Change Materials (PCM), Refrigeration and Air conditioning, Solar Assisted Vapour Compression Refrigeration, Maximum Power Point Tracking, Photovoltaic system, Solar distillation, and Solar Thermal Air Conditioning
Incorporating phase change material (PCM) into buildings in hot climates is an excellent strategy for better thermal comfort and energy-saving in future smart cities. Nevertheless, PCM elements suffer from adverse temperature behaviour at... more
Incorporating phase change material (PCM) into buildings in hot climates is an excellent strategy for better thermal comfort and energy-saving in future smart cities. Nevertheless, PCM elements suffer from adverse temperature behaviour at night due to the dissipation of stored diurnal heat. Night ventilation has been proposed as a promising solution and clean strategy for decreasing indoor building temperature at night and increasing PCM benefits in the following cycle. In this study, the effect of the natural night ventilation (NNV) period on the thermal performance of a room-integrated PCM is investigated experimentally under hot summer conditions in Iraq. Six NNV periods (with 1 h increment) are studied for six consecutive days in terms of average indoor and operative temperature reduction. Moreover, the work is extended to study the average heat gain difference in each day cycle to show the contribution of PCM to energy-saving. The results showed a slight enhancement in the average indoor air temperature of the PCM room compared with another identical no-PCM room regardless of the NNV period due to high outdoor ambient temperature at night. However, NNV for 4 h can reduce the average indoor air temperature by 28.6% compared with 1 h of NNV, whereas a slight extra reduction was achieved for 5 and 6 h. Besides, NNV slightly affected the operative temperature at night against no impact during the day, which was more influenced by the solar radiation and high diurnal ambient temperature. The results further revealed that a total average heat gain difference of 63.1-87.9 W was achieved, in which the roof contributed by more than 44% in each cycle.
Research Interests: Environmental Engineering, Cleaner Production, Energy Efficiency Buildings, Building Performance Evaluation, Building Construction, and 8 moreManufacturing Engineering, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Thermal comfort, Energy savings, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Net Zero Energy Buildings, and Interdisciplinary Engineering
Phase change materials (PCMs) can beneficially work as a successful thermal energy storage medium in different applications. PCMs have shown a remarkable enhancement in building energy-saving and thermal comfort in hot locations. In this... more
Phase change materials (PCMs) can beneficially work as a successful thermal energy storage medium in different applications. PCMs have shown a remarkable enhancement in building energy-saving and thermal comfort in hot locations. In this paper, the thermal behaviour of a PCM-enhanced thermally-poor building envelope is studied experimentally. To this aim, two identical rooms, one loaded with PCM (PCM room) and the other without (reference room), are built and tested under a severe hot climate of Al Amarah city, Iraq. Previously examined parameters, such as the optimal position and thickness of the PCM layer in the roof and the best-thermally performed PCM capsules integrated concrete bricks, are considered to build the PCM room. Several energetic and thermal comfort indicators such as maximum temperature reduction (MTR), average temperature fluctuation reduction (ATFR), decrement factor (DF), time lag (TL), operative temperature difference (OTD), discomfort hours reduction (DHR) and maximum heat gain reduction (MHGR) are determined and discussed to show the potential of PCM. The experimental results revealed that the incorporated PCM could remarkably improve the thermal performance of building envelope exposed to high outdoor temperatures. Amongst envelope elements and compared with the reference room, the roof and east wall of the PCM room recorded the best thermal behaviour, where the MTR difference, ATFR, DF, and TL difference reached 3.75 °C, 6.5 °C, 25.6%, 70 min for the roof, and 2.75 °C, 2.4 °C, 12.8% and 40 min for the east wall, respectively. Moreover, the PCM room shows a thermal comfort enhancement by 11.2% and 34.8%, considering the DHR and MHGR, respectively, compared with the reference one. The study highlighted that suitable ventilation means are necessary to improve the building performance and reach acceptable thermal comfort when the PCM is incorporated passively.
Research Interests: Engineering, Environmental Science, Materials Science, Economics, Energy Efficiency Buildings, and 15 moreBuilding Maintenance Management, Energy Efficiency in buildings and cities, Building Performance Evaluation, Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Green Building, Building Energy Management, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Phase Change Material, Phase Change Materials, Net Zero Energy Buildings, Applied Energy, Building Envelope, and Evaluating energy consumption in residential buildings in terms of climatic factors(Building Maintenance Management, Energy Efficiency in buildings and cities, Building Performance Evaluation, Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Green Building, Building Energy Management, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Phase Change Material, Phase Change Materials, Net Zero Energy Buildings, Applied Energy, Building Envelope, and Evaluating energy consumption in residential buildings in terms of climatic factors)
(Building Maintenance Management, Energy Efficiency in buildings and cities, Building Performance Evaluation, Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Green Building, Building Energy Management, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Phase Change Material, Phase Change Materials, Net Zero Energy Buildings, Applied Energy, Building Envelope, and Evaluating energy consumption in residential buildings in terms of climatic factors)
Cooling and airconditioning systems are the primary consumers of building energy in hot and mixed climate locations. The reliance on traditional systems, driven electrically, is the main reason behind the deterioration and ever-increasing... more
Cooling and airconditioning systems are the primary consumers of building energy in hot and mixed climate locations. The reliance on traditional systems, driven electrically, is the main reason behind the deterioration and ever-increasing demand for energy in buildings. This is also associated with a vast amount of CO 2 emissions and other environmental concerns. Solar energy has been introduced as a crucial alternative for many applications, including cooling and airconditioning , which has been proven to be a reliable and excellent energy source. This paper presents and discusses a general overview of solar cooling and airconditioning systems (SCACSs) used for building applications. The popular SCACSs driven by solar thermal energy are elaborated in detail, considering their operation and development aspects. A comparison among solar thermal SCACSs is performed, taking into account several technical, operational, economic and environmental indicators. Some research gaps, recommendations, and conclusions are derived from the reviewed literature to understand and further develop this essential research domain.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Materials Science, Energy Efficiency Buildings, Sustainable Building Materials, Energy Efficiency in buildings and cities, Building Performance Evaluation, and 14 moreEnergy Efficiency in Buildings, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Building Services and Equipment, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Phase Change Materials (PCM), Sustainaible development Energy saving in buildings, Building Envelope, Building Materials Roofing, Roof, and Heat transfer in buildings(Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Building Services and Equipment, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Phase Change Materials (PCM), Sustainaible development Energy saving in buildings, Building Envelope, Building Materials Roofing, Roof, and Heat transfer in buildings)
(Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Energy Saving, Thermal Performance of Buildings, Building Services and Equipment, Phase Change Materials, Green buildings, Phase Change Materials (PCM), Sustainaible development Energy saving in buildings, Building Envelope, Building Materials Roofing, Roof, and Heat transfer in buildings)
Cooling and air-conditioning systems are responsible for the highest energy consumption in buildings located in hot areas. This high share does not only increase the building energy demand cost but also increases the environmental impact,... more
Cooling and air-conditioning systems are responsible for the highest energy consumption in buildings located in hot areas. This high share does not only increase the building energy demand cost but also increases the environmental impact, the topmost awareness of the modern era. The development of traditional systems and reliance on renewable technologies have increased drastically in the last century but still lacks economic concerns. Passive cooling strategies have been introduced as a successful option to mitigate the energy demand and improve energy conservation in buildings. This paper shed light on some passive strategies that could be applied to minimise building cooling loads to encourage the movement towards healthier and more energy-efficient buildings. For this purpose, seven popular passive technologies have been discussed shortly: multi-panned windows, shading devices, insulations, green roofing, phase change materials, reflective coatings, and natural ventilation using...
Research Interests: Architecture, Renewable Energy, Windows, Passive Solar Architecture, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, and 14 morePassive Design, Energy Saving, Passive Cooling, Phase Change Material, Green buildings, Cooling Loads, Sustainable Design Green Buildings, Net Zero Energy Buildings, Natural ventilation as a passive cooling strategy, Net Zero Energy Homes, Thermal Mass, Insulations, cooling load reduction, and Passive Strategies(Passive Design, Energy Saving, Passive Cooling, Phase Change Material, Green buildings, Cooling Loads, Sustainable Design Green Buildings, Net Zero Energy Buildings, Natural ventilation as a passive cooling strategy, Net Zero Energy Homes, Thermal Mass, Insulations, cooling load reduction, and Passive Strategies)
(Passive Design, Energy Saving, Passive Cooling, Phase Change Material, Green buildings, Cooling Loads, Sustainable Design Green Buildings, Net Zero Energy Buildings, Natural ventilation as a passive cooling strategy, Net Zero Energy Homes, Thermal Mass, Insulations, cooling load reduction, and Passive Strategies)
Solar energy represents the best alternative for traditional energy sources used in many thermal energy systems. Among solar thermal systems, Flat Plate Solar Collectors (FPSCs) are the most utilized type implemented in low and... more
Solar energy represents the best alternative for traditional energy sources used in many thermal energy systems. Among solar thermal systems, Flat Plate Solar Collectors (FPSCs) are the most utilized type implemented in low and medium-level thermal domestic applications. Recently, the usage of nanofluids (NFs) to enhance FPSCs is one of the newest technologies that has drawn the attention of researchers to improve the overall thermal efficiency of solar systems. This paper briefly reviews the recent studies carried on thermal performance enhancement of FPSCs by implementing NFs (single and hybrid NFs) considering the main influential parameters such as particle concentration, particle size, and collector area. Finally, the main obstacles reported by the researchers such as the instability, viscosity, concentration limit, corrosion effect and others are identified, which is believed to be useful for interested newcomers in this research area. Based on the studies investigated in this...
Research Interests: Mechanical Engineering, Environmental Science, Materials Science, Heat Transfer, Nanotechnology, and 14 moreHeat treatment of metals and alloys, Solar Energy, Nanoscience, Nanofluid, Article, Solar Collector, Thermal Performance, Nanofluid Heat Transfer, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Solar System, Solar Photovoltaic/thermal Collectors, Thermal Efficiency, Flat-plate Solar Collectors, and Hybrid nanofluid(Heat treatment of metals and alloys, Solar Energy, Nanoscience, Nanofluid, Article, Solar Collector, Thermal Performance, Nanofluid Heat Transfer, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Solar System, Solar Photovoltaic/thermal Collectors, Thermal Efficiency, Flat-plate Solar Collectors, and Hybrid nanofluid)
(Heat treatment of metals and alloys, Solar Energy, Nanoscience, Nanofluid, Article, Solar Collector, Thermal Performance, Nanofluid Heat Transfer, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Solar System, Solar Photovoltaic/thermal Collectors, Thermal Efficiency, Flat-plate Solar Collectors, and Hybrid nanofluid)
In recent years, phase change materials (PCMs) have increasingly received attention in different thermal energy storage and management fields. In the building sector, paraffin as a phase change material (PPCM) has been introduced as an... more
In recent years, phase change materials (PCMs) have increasingly received attention in different thermal energy storage and management fields. In the building sector, paraffin as a phase change material (PPCM) has been introduced as an efficient PCM incorporated in a building envelope, which showed remarkable results. However, the poor thermal conductivity of PPCM is still the topmost drawback in experimental and numerical investigations. In this paper, a general assessment of paraffins, their common uses and applications, have been presented with a particular focus on their potential in building envelope applications. Moreover, the general and desired properties of PPCM are highlighted and evaluated. The primary practical limitation of PPCM of poor thermal conductivity and their effect on PPCM performance is presented and discussed. Correspondingly, the popular techniques applied to improve the poor thermal conductivity are presented and discussed in four categories: the dispersion...
Research Interests: Computer Science, Materials Science, Sustainable Building Materials, Energy Efficiency in buildings and cities, Nanotechnology, and 15 moreBuilding Performance Evaluation, Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Nanoscience, Thermal, Phase Change, Phase Change Material, Phase Change Materials, Thermal Conductivity, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Energy and Building, Paraffin, Building Envelope, and Building Performance(Building Performance Evaluation, Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Nanoscience, Thermal, Phase Change, Phase Change Material, Phase Change Materials, Thermal Conductivity, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Energy and Building, Paraffin, Building Envelope, and Building Performance)
(Building Performance Evaluation, Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Energy Efficient Building Envelope Systems, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Nanoscience, Thermal, Phase Change, Phase Change Material, Phase Change Materials, Thermal Conductivity, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Energy and Building, Paraffin, Building Envelope, and Building Performance)
Phase change materials (PCMs) are increasingly investigated in the last years as successful in many thermal energy storage applications. In the building sector, PCMs are utilised to improve building efficiency by reducing cooling/heating... more
Phase change materials (PCMs) are increasingly investigated in the last years as successful in many thermal energy storage applications. In the building sector, PCMs are utilised to improve building efficiency by reducing cooling/heating loads and promoting renewable energy sources, such as solar energy. This paper shows the recent research works on integrating PCMs with building envelope for heating purposes. The main PCM categories and their main characteristics are presented, focusing on PCM types applied for building heating applications. The main methods adopted to incorporate PCMs with building elements and materials are mentioned, and the popular passive and active incorporation techniques are discussed. Lastly, the main contribution to building energy saving is discussed in terms of heating applications. The analysed studies indicated that all PCMs could improve the building energy saving in the cold climates by up to 44.16% regardless of their types and techniques. Several ...
Research Interests: Environmental Science, Energy Efficiency Buildings, Building Integrated Solar Energy Technologies, Energy Efficiency in buildings and cities, Energy efficiency, and 12 moreEnergy Efficiency in Buildings, Building Construction, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Thermal Energy Storage, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Net Zero Energy Buildings, European Energy, Energy efficient, Building Performance, Energy Efficiency, Building Integrated Renewable Energy, and Efficient Heating Systems in Buildings(Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Building Construction, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Thermal Energy Storage, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Net Zero Energy Buildings, European Energy, Energy efficient, Building Performance, Energy Efficiency, Building Integrated Renewable Energy, and Efficient Heating Systems in Buildings)
(Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Building Construction, Building Engineering and Construction Management, Thermal Energy Storage, Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage Systems, Net Zero Energy Buildings, European Energy, Energy efficient, Building Performance, Energy Efficiency, Building Integrated Renewable Energy, and Efficient Heating Systems in Buildings)