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Die Herrlichkeit des Herrn ist das verbindende Thema der Vorlesungen, mit welchen die beiden Autoren ihre Ordentlichen Professuren an der universitären theologischen Hochschule STH Basel angetreten haben. Die alttestamentliche Vorlesung... more
Die Herrlichkeit des Herrn ist das verbindende Thema der Vorlesungen, mit welchen die beiden Autoren ihre Ordentlichen Professuren an der universitären theologischen Hochschule STH Basel angetreten haben. Die alttestamentliche Vorlesung thematisiert das gemeinsame dreistufige Raumkonzept von Sinai und Stiftshütte. Der praktisch-theologische Beitrag reflektiert die Doxologie als Bindeglied der Liturgischen und der Charismatischen Bewegung. Mit wechselseitigen Responses wird das Gespräch zwischen dem Alten Testament und der Liturgiewissenschaft vertieft.
Reviews: - ThRv 117 (07/2021): Anja Klein - BBR 31 (2021) 396-398: Daniel I. Block - RBL (12/2021): Carolin Neuber - BN 193 (2022) 105-107: Karin Schöpflin Awarded the Johann-Tobias-Beck-Preis 2021 Ezekiel 40-48 describes a... more
Reviews:
- ThRv 117 (07/2021): Anja Klein
- BBR 31 (2021) 396-398: Daniel I. Block
- RBL (12/2021): Carolin Neuber
- BN 193 (2022) 105-107: Karin Schöpflin

Awarded the Johann-Tobias-Beck-Preis 2021

Ezekiel 40-48 describes a future temple restored after the Babylonians destroyed it. Based on the tasks of the Priests and Levites, the study examines the meaning of the new temple concept and shows that the Ezekiel temple surpasses the Mosaic tabernacle.
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Reviews: - ZRG 132 (2015) 538-540: Matthias Armgardt - ThLZ 141 (2016) 467-469: Siegbert Riecker - RBL (11/2016): Thomas Hieke; Pekka Pitkänen - ZAR 22 (2016) 300-304: Dominik Markl - ZAW 129 (2017) 157f.: Reinhard Achenbach - AUSS... more
Reviews:
- ZRG 132 (2015) 538-540: Matthias Armgardt
- ThLZ 141 (2016) 467-469: Siegbert Riecker
- RBL (11/2016): Thomas Hieke; Pekka Pitkänen
- ZAR 22 (2016) 300-304: Dominik Markl
- ZAW 129 (2017) 157f.: Reinhard Achenbach
- AUSS 55 (2017) 132-134: Kenneth Bergland
- JSOT 41 (2017) 118: Anselm C. Hagedorn
- BBR 27 (2017) 387-388: Daniel I. Block
- BiOr 74 (2017) 394-397: Nathan MacDonald
- OTE 30 (2017) 449-469: Esias E. Meyer (Review Article)
- AfeT Rezensionen (1/2019): Klaus Riebesehl
- EJT 29 (2020) 78f.: Benjamin Lange
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Reviews: - bbs 1.2021: Benedikt Collinet - OTA 45 (2022): Marco Benini Die Herrlichkeit des HERRN ist das verbindende Thema der Vorlesungen, mit welchen die beiden Autoren ihre Ordentlichen Professuren an der universitären... more
Reviews:
- bbs 1.2021: Benedikt Collinet
- OTA 45 (2022): Marco Benini

Die Herrlichkeit des HERRN ist das verbindende Thema der Vorlesungen, mit welchen die beiden Autoren ihre Ordentlichen Professuren an der universitären theologischen Hochschule STH Basel angetreten haben. Die alttestamentliche Vorlesung thematisiert das gemeinsame dreistufige Raumkonzept von Sinai und Stiftshütte. Der praktisch-theologische Beitrag reflektiert die Doxologie als Bindeglied der Liturgischen und der Charismatischen Bewegung. Mit wechselseitigen Responses wird das Gespräch zwischen dem Alten Testament und der Liturgiewissenschaft vertieft.
Research Interests:
Reviews: - thbeit 50 (2020) 56-57: Siegbert Riecker - AfeT-Rezensionen (1/2020): Walter Hilbrands - Gregorianum 102 (1/2021) 211-213: Marco Settembrini - JSOT 45 (2021): George Nicol - BiOr 78 (2021) 204-213: Jean Louis Ska - ETL 98... more
Reviews:
- thbeit 50 (2020) 56-57: Siegbert Riecker
- AfeT-Rezensionen (1/2020): Walter Hilbrands
- Gregorianum 102 (1/2021) 211-213: Marco Settembrini
- JSOT 45 (2021): George Nicol
- BiOr 78 (2021) 204-213: Jean Louis Ska
- ETL 98 (2022) 150-155: Didier Luciani
- BN 195 (2022) 139-142: Stefan C. Reif

This volume collects papers originally presented at an international meeting held in March 2017 in Basel. They compellingly demonstrate the necessity for a “Paradigm Change in Pentateuchal Research” from various angles. It is by now generally recognised that the old paradigm, classically formulated in Wellhausens “Prolegomena zu einer Geschichte Israels”, can no longer command a dominant position in the reconstruction of the genesis and structure of the Pentateuch. While the studies collected in this volume do not suggest that there is only one specific direction for the search of a new paradigm, they make clear that an important element for the furthering of the discussion is the use of empirical methods, in contradistinction to a dominance of subjective criteria and approaches developed in circumstances that are foreign to the cultural world of the ancient Near East.
The authors of the studies represent diverse backgrounds not only in terms of geography, but especially in terms of professional specialization: Besides Biblical Studies, also the fields of Assyriology, Legal History, and Linguistics are represented. Some of the studies address methodological questions in an explicit and detailed way, while others are more focused on the analysis of specific texts. A majority of the studies convincingly demonstrate that most of the Pentateuch can be solidly rooted in the pre-exilic period.
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Deuteronomy mainly presents itself as oral teaching. However, the writing down of Moses’ teaching in the final chapters turns oral Torah into written Torah. In the wake of R. Polzin and J.-P. Sonnet, the relationship between oral and... more
Deuteronomy mainly presents itself as oral teaching. However, the writing down of Moses’ teaching in the final chapters turns oral Torah into written Torah. In the wake of R. Polzin and J.-P. Sonnet, the relationship between oral and written Torah was mainly interpreted as two levels of communication, first, between Moses and Israel in the plains of Moab (oral) and, second, between the author of Deuteronomy/the Deuteronomistic History and its readers (written). Orality then remains in the past and only written words can be transported to the future. In this article, two other levels of communication shall be discussed: first, the lay people as Deuteronomy’s target audience (oral) and, second, the Levites as those who shall teach Deuteronomy to the lay people (written). With regard to these levels, oral teaching is not limited to the plot duration in the past while the writing down of the Torah has the aim to pass the oral teaching on to future generations. Rather, tradition should be passed on both orally and written: orally among the lay people and written among the experts.
The title of this paper does not speak of "irony in Deuteronomy," as if Deuteronomy used irony here and there as a stylistic device, but of the "irony of Deuteronomy." This irony consists in the fact that Deuteronomy does not find the... more
The title of this paper does not speak of "irony in Deuteronomy," as if Deuteronomy used irony here and there as a stylistic device, but of the "irony of Deuteronomy." This irony consists in the fact that Deuteronomy does not find the "expected" conclusion, either on its own or as the conclusion of the Pentateuch: The arc from the promise of land in the book of Genesis to the taking of land is not completed; Deuteronomy, and with it the entire Pentateuch, ends not with the crossing of the Jordan but with the death of Moses.
This exegetical contribution examines some selected Old Testament passages that directly or indirectly support or question the "unchangeability of God". It is argued that notions of the reliability and the moveability of God always arise... more
This exegetical contribution examines some selected Old Testament passages that directly or indirectly support or question the "unchangeability of God". It is argued that notions of the reliability and the moveability of God always arise within the context of the relationship between God and his people and that both notions emphasize the covenantal loyality of God. Nevertheless, this loyality of God is founded in the nature of God, which is expressed by his name and revealed in the context of the making of the covenant.
While it has often been observed within the framework of classic source criticism that Genesis 1 and Exodus 25-40 are conceptually related in the Priestergrundschrift (Creation and Tabernacle), it is argued here that Genesis 2-3 is... more
While it has often been observed within the framework of classic source criticism that Genesis 1 and Exodus 25-40 are conceptually related in the Priestergrundschrift (Creation and Tabernacle), it is argued here that Genesis 2-3 is associated too with the priestly sanctuary concept and has parallels especially in Leviticus 9-10. In Genesis 2, Adam and Eve are appointed as priests in the Garden of Eden like Aaron and his sons in Leviticus 9. The death of Adab and Nabihu in Leviticus 10 mirrors the fall of Adam and Eve in Genesis 3. Since there are parallels both in conception and in language between Genesis 2-3 and P, it is argued that the distinction of P and non-P in Genesis 1-3 is questionable.
Levirate obligation (from Lat. levir, “brother-in-law”) designates the duty of a man to marry the sonless widow of his deceased brother. The term levirate refers to the legal case in Deuteronomy 25:5–10, where the brother-in-law lived in... more
Levirate obligation (from Lat. levir, “brother-in-law”) designates the duty of a man to marry the sonless widow of his deceased brother. The term levirate refers to the legal case in Deuteronomy 25:5–10, where the brother-in-law lived in an undivided inheritance with the deceased husband of the widow. A son who is born as the result of a Levirate marriage should not be regarded as the son of his biological father, but as the son of the deceased who is entitled to inheritance, in order to then take over the inheritance of the deceased, which would otherwise remain with his brother. Two biblical narratives are related to Levirate: In Genesis 38, Judah intends to prevent a Levirate marriage between his daughter-in-law Tamar and his last living son, which leads Tamar to seduce Judah, her widowed father-in-law. In the book of Ruth, there is no levir left, and Ruth’s father-in-law has died. But Boas, a kinsman of the family, marries Ruth and buys the property of her former husband’s family, whereby the law of redemption (Hebr. go’el) from Leviticus 25:25–28 plays a role, so that this house will endure in Judah.
Traditionally, the “altar law” of Exod 20:24–26 has been understood as a law in which God promises to appear in every place where the Israelites build altars. Deuteronomy 12 then has been interpreted as a polemic rejection of this “altar... more
Traditionally, the “altar law” of Exod 20:24–26 has been understood as a law in which God promises to appear in every place where the Israelites build altars. Deuteronomy 12 then has been interpreted as a polemic rejection of this “altar law,” mandating one single place of sacrifice. However, intertextual connections link the so-called altar law of Exod 20:24–26 to the concept of sacred versus profane territory, whereby sacred territory is sanctified by God’s presence. The holy territory of Mt. Sinai, delimited by a line (Exod 19:12), is transferred to the tabernacle as its transportable counterpart, when God enters the tabernacle (Exod 40:35). Such an interpretation also sheds different light on the relationship between Exod 20:24–26 and Deut 12.
Starting from Paul’s statement on the presence of Christ in the Old Testament in 1 Kor 10,1–13 and the rejection of a Christological reading of the Old Testament by current historical critical research, this article asks in what sense the... more
Starting from Paul’s statement on the presence of Christ in the Old Testament in 1 Kor 10,1–13 and the rejection of a Christological reading of the Old Testament by current historical critical research, this article asks in what sense the historical event of God’s incarnation legitimates a reading of the Old Testament that goes beyond the authorial intention of the human author.
The issue is exemplarily discussed on the basis of the dispute on a Christological interpretation of Genesis 32,23–33 between Wilhelm Vischer and Gerhard von Rad. The essay ends with some hermeneutical thoughts on dealing responsibly with the presence of Christ in the Old Testament in exegetical work.

This pdf is a preview of the first two pages of the article.
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In his review essay on my dissertation, Esias E. Meyer dedicates an important part to discussing the slave laws in the Pentateuch. A key role in his critique is played by his understanding of the term pater familias as "a man with a woman... more
In his review essay on my dissertation, Esias E. Meyer dedicates an important part to discussing the slave laws in the Pentateuch. A key role in his critique is played by his understanding of the term pater familias as "a man with a woman and children." This, however, is not how I used the term; rather, a pater familias is the head of an extended family with land possession. In this response, I show that landownership is the key to understanding the relationship between the slave laws of the Pentateuch.
The identity of the foreigners in Ez 44,7.9 has bothered exegetes for a long time. Beginning with several texts in the book of Ezekiel (Ez 8; 16; 17, 23; 32) to which Ez 44,6-8 refers, an interpretation is proposed here, which regards the... more
The identity of the foreigners in Ez 44,7.9 has bothered exegetes for a long time. Beginning with several texts in the book of Ezekiel (Ez 8; 16; 17, 23; 32) to which Ez 44,6-8 refers, an interpretation is proposed here, which regards the foreigners as men, who, in the course of the anti-Babylonian coalition forged by Zedekiah, came to Jerusalem and profaned the temple. In the first place one should think of the priests of Pharaoh Psammetich II, who accompanied him in the year 592 BC on a procession to Palestine.
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This paper argues that the primary referent of Ezek 44,6-14 is located in the former chapters of the book of Ezekiel (especially Ezekiel 8) rather than in historical events or biblical texts outside the book of Ezekiel. On this reading,... more
This paper argues that the primary referent of Ezek 44,6-14 is located in the former chapters of the book of Ezekiel (especially Ezekiel 8) rather than in historical events or biblical texts outside the book of Ezekiel. On this reading, Ezek 44,6-14 not only refers to Ezekiel 8 in a direct way, but it also takes into account the interpretations that Ezekiel 8 has received in Ezek 14,1-11 (the house of Israel went astray), Ezek 16,58-63 (the abominations broke God's covenant with Israel), and Ezek 23,38-42 (the defilement of the sanctuary has to do with foreigners).
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In this article it is argued that according to Ez 40:46b both, the priests mentioned in v45b and those mentioned in v46a are Zadokites (against the majority of interpreters who relate v46b to v46a only). Since the temple is not designated... more
In this article it is argued that according to Ez 40:46b both, the priests mentioned in v45b and those mentioned in v46a are Zadokites (against the majority of interpreters who relate v46b to v46a only). Since the temple is not designated as „sanctuary“ unless the Kabod of YHWH returns (Ez 43:1-12), the duty of the priests in 40:45b is called משׁמרת הבית, a term that is ascribed in Ez 44:14 to the Levites. However, while בית in 40:45 clearly refers to the temple building and thus is a suitable designation for the priestly duty, it refers to the whole temple area in 44:14.
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Review Article on: - Harald Samuel, Von Priestern zum Patriarchen. Levi und die Leviten im Alten Testament, BZAW 448, Berlin: de Gruyter, 2014. - Nathan MacDonald, Priestly Rule. Polemic and Biblical Interpretation in Ezekiel 44, BZAW... more
Review Article on:
- Harald Samuel, Von Priestern zum Patriarchen. Levi und die Leviten im Alten Testament, BZAW 448, Berlin: de Gruyter, 2014.
- Nathan MacDonald, Priestly Rule. Polemic and Biblical Interpretation in Ezekiel 44, BZAW 476, Berlin: de Gruyter, 2015.
See also my reviews on these books in Old Testament Essays.
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Although D is generally regarded as older than H, it has often been observed that H also seems to have affected D. While this impact of H on D usually has been explained as a late redaction of D, it is argued in this paper by a few... more
Although D is generally regarded as older than H, it has often been observed that H also seems to have affected D. While this impact of H on D usually has been explained as a late redaction of D, it is argued in this paper by a few examples based on my dissertation that the impact of H on D rather should be seen as an impact on an early stage of the redaction of D. This short paper, which was first presented at the IOSOT Conference in Stellenbosch, is expanded by a postscript with a brief response to some points of the discussion.
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It is opinion communis in contemporary exegesis of the Bible that historical consciousness is the main characteristic of the interpretation of the Bible today. In opposition to this opinion, the author argues that ideological... more
It is opinion communis in contemporary exegesis of the Bible that historical consciousness is the main characteristic of the interpretation of the Bible today. In opposition to this opinion, the author argues that ideological presuppositions of historical investigation in the Scriptures characterize Biblical exegesis. Kilchör starts his proof from the "etsi Deus non daretur" of Hugo Grotius („as if God would not exist“ 1625) and continues by explaining the importance of the famous criteria of analogy and correlation developed by Ernst Troeltsch (1900). He illustrates methodical atheism in six conflicting areas: 1. „Religious“ interpretation or revelation; 2. Descriptive or prescriptive exegesis; 3. Writing History of Religions or theology (Johann Philipp Gabler 1787); 4. Historical imagination or history; 5. Intention of the author or inspiration; 6. Reception history or preexistence of Christ. At the crossroads contemporary exegesis decided to speak about God, „as if he would not exist“.
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In this article, I argue that Deut 25:5-10 has precursors in Leviticus and Numbers. The subject of levirate marriage picks up the topic of dauthers' right to an inheritance (Num 27:1-11) and the related problem that when a dauther... more
In this article, I argue that Deut 25:5-10 has precursors in Leviticus and Numbers. The subject of levirate marriage picks up the topic of dauthers' right to an inheritance (Num 27:1-11) and the related problem that when a dauther marries, the inheritance of her father might transfer to another family (Num 36:6-12). Furthermore, within the Decalogue orientation of the Deuteronomic law, Deut 25:5-10 is related to Deut 5:21a and picks up the prohibition of Lev 20:21. While it is generally forbidden to take the wife of a brother because this would dishonor him, in the special case of Deut 25:5 it is even commanded to marry the wife of the brother to preserve his name.
In a former issue of Biblische Notizen I argued that בכל המקום (Ex 20,24b) rather should be understood in a totalizing ("in the entire place") than in a distributive ("in every place") way. Jan Joosten answered in a recent contribution... more
In a former issue of Biblische Notizen I argued that בכל המקום (Ex 20,24b) rather should be understood in a totalizing ("in the entire place") than in a distributive ("in every place") way. Jan Joosten answered in a recent contribution that due to syntactical reasons the distributive translation is in fact required. In the first part of this article I reassess his arguments and try to show that the syntax does not allow a clear decision. In the second part I argue that both the context in the book of Exodus and the probably oldest reception of Ex 20,24b in Dtn 12 point to a totalizing understanding.
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This study, written by Benjamin Kilchör and Beat Weber, combines a description of the communication structures in Ps 50 with an investigation of the underlying (Pentateuchal) tra-ditions and their use in the psalm. This psalm,... more
This study, written by Benjamin Kilchör and Beat Weber, combines a description of the communication structures in Ps 50 with an investigation of the underlying (Pentateuchal) tra-ditions and their use in the psalm. This psalm, predominantly com-posed of prophetic speeches, contains three divine speeches with different addressees: v. 5 (heaven and earth), vv. 7-15 (the people as a whole) and vv. 16b-23 (the wicked). A liturgical setting in the con-text of a renewal of the covenant seems likely, as textual rela-tionships (cf. Deut 30-33; Josh 22; 24 inter alia) indicate. Deutero-nomic traditions and texts and Levitical imprinting in particular form the background of the Psalm. It contains a North-Israelite fla-vour but might have its setting in Jerusalem (Zion, v. 2). A dating af-ter the fall of the Northern Kingdom (722 B.C.E.), probably in the reign of King Hezekiah, can be assumed. This makes it possible to group Ps 50 with other Asaph psalms. Regarding the other two “feast-psalms,” it might be later than the Asaphite Ps 81 (probably from the Northern Kingdom and before 722 B.C.E.), but is evidently significantly older than Ps 95.
Egyptian pśỉ, Akkadian bašālu and Hebrew bšl can mean “to boil” or “be / become ripe”. While according to Stefan Bojowald this is an example of a semantic development that took place at the same time in different places independently, I... more
Egyptian pśỉ, Akkadian bašālu and Hebrew bšl can mean “to boil” or “be / become ripe”. While according to Stefan Bojowald this is an example of a semantic development that took place at the same time in different places independently, I prefer as explanation the different verbal forms the verbs is used. In this article, I raise some questions regarding the explanation of Bojowald.
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Several studies that deal with the making of the Pentateuch leave the legal texts completely aside in their investigation. If the laws are considered at all, they are treated often within a framework that already presupposes their... more
Several studies that deal with the making of the Pentateuch leave the legal texts completely aside in their investigation. If the laws are considered at all, they are treated often within a framework that already presupposes their relative chronological order. In this article I make a case for an approach that I call a "literary" one. The idea is first to compare all the laws concerning a certain topic on the level of language, not content, and to check in a synopsis whether a younger law combines older laws. This can be done not only for a single topic, but also for a sequence of topics. In two examples this approach is demonstrated: First, for a single topic, by means of the Passover legislation; secondly, for a sequence of topics, by means of some social laws. In both cases P/H turns out to be prior to D. The advantage of this approach is to bring the discussion to a level more objective and to avoid arguments that are almost always reversible.
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With the beginning of the historical-critical study of the Old Testament, the biblical picture of the origin and development of Passover and Mazzot was not taken for granted anymore. Since there are a lot of biblical texts concerning this... more
With the beginning of the historical-critical study of the Old Testament, the biblical picture of the origin and development of Passover and Mazzot was not taken for granted anymore. Since there are a lot of biblical texts concerning this topic, however, the options to explain the history of Passover and Mazzot are legion. Starting with George and Wellhausen, this article attempts to outline the history of research on Passover and Mazzot up to now. Some thoughts on the current state of research complete the paper.
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An examination of the use of the verb בשׁל shows that the translation of the Piel as specificially "boil" is inadequate. Instead, the basic meaning of the verb designates the more general idea of the preparation of food for eating.
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Most commentators have seen the relationship between the first petition of the Lord’s prayer („Hallowed be thy name“) and Ez 36,23. The aim of this article is to show that the relationship between the Lord’s prayer and Ez 36 is not... more
Most commentators have seen the relationship between the first petition of the Lord’s prayer („Hallowed be thy name“) and Ez 36,23. The aim of this article is to show that the relationship between the Lord’s prayer and Ez 36 is not limited to this single petition. Rather, the basic frame of the Lord’s prayer runs parallel to that of Ez 36,17–36 with three main parts: The hallowing of the Name of the Lord (Ez 36,16–23), the plea for the daily bread (Ez 36,29–30) and the plea for forgiveness of sin (Ez 36,31.33). Therefore, the Lord’s prayer is according to Ez 36 a petition for the coming of the new covenant. The whole prayer is a plea for the Holy Spirit, as explained by Jesus in Lk 11,5–13, consistent with Ez 36,26–27. Jesus teaches his disciples to pray with the promises of scripture within a covenant-theological frame.
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בכל–המקום (Ex 20,24b) should not be translated as "in every place" but as "in the whole place". Evidence for this interpretation is the linguistic fact that כל + determiner is usually translated as "whole." Furthermore, the immediate... more
בכל–המקום (Ex 20,24b) should not be translated as "in every place" but as "in the whole place". Evidence for this interpretation is the linguistic fact that כל + determiner is usually translated as "whole." Furthermore, the immediate context suggests that מקום refers the holy mountain of Sinai, which has been specially demarcated. As a whole, Ex 20,24-26 is to be read as an instruction to Moses, which is then implemented by him in Ex 24. It is concluded that redaction-critical attempts to ascribe the current form of Ex 20,24-26 to a Deuteronomic redactor are based on circular reasoning.
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A synoptic examination of the laws concerning the liberation of slaves in Ex 21:2-11, Lev 25:39-46 and Dtn 15:12-18 which considers the relationship of all three texts to each other seems to suggest that the law in Dtn combines the other... more
A synoptic examination of the laws concerning the liberation of slaves in Ex 21:2-11, Lev 25:39-46 and Dtn 15:12-18 which considers the relationship of all three texts to each other seems to suggest that the law in Dtn combines the other two texts. This is supported by the observation of A. Schenker that the stipulations in Lev 25:39-46 and Ex 21:3-4 are complementary. The earlier arguments for a dependency of Lev 25 on Dtn 15—critically evaluated in the version of Stackert here—are no longer sustainable. It seems that Dtn 15:12-18 is an attempt to transfer the complementary stipulations of Ex 21:2-11 and Lev 25:39-46 into a consistent rule doing justice to both laws. The hermeneutical key is social protection.
An exact comparison between the starting and closing announcement-formulae both in Ex-Lev-Num and Dtn shows a remarkable parallelism (Ex 21:1 // Dtn 4:44; Lev 26,46 // Dtn 12:1; Lev 27:34 and Num 36:13 // Dtn 28:69). The parallelism can... more
An exact comparison between the starting and closing announcement-formulae both in Ex-Lev-Num and Dtn shows a remarkable parallelism (Ex 21:1 // Dtn 4:44; Lev 26,46 // Dtn 12:1; Lev 27:34 and Num 36:13 // Dtn 28:69). The parallelism can also be found in the different terms for "law" used in these texts. Following these parallelisms, Deuteronomy presents itself as exposition of the Sinai-Tora by Moses, as introduced in Dtn 1:5. The way Moses expounds and promulgates the Tora probably wants to serve as model for the prophetic office.
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It seems that Matthew has built a clear and straightforward speech of Jesus by changing the order of disparate sayings in Mark 7,6-8 and 9-13. But if the order of Matthew is the original one, then the speech of Mark appears no longer as... more
It seems that Matthew has built a clear and straightforward speech of Jesus by changing the order of disparate sayings in Mark 7,6-8 and 9-13. But if the order of Matthew is the original one, then the speech of Mark appears no longer as out of disparate sayings but as a well-planned change of the order of Matthew. Moreover, the double wording in Mark 7,8-9 can be explained as result of this change and also the label of Isaiah 29,13 as εντολη in Mark 7,8.
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Das mosaische Gesetz ist im Pentateuch nicht als in sich geschlossener Gesetzeskodex formuliert, sondern als eine wachsende Sammlung von Rechtssätzen, die schliesslich auch noch im Deuteronomium um eine Gesetzesauslegung aus dem Munde... more
Das mosaische Gesetz ist im Pentateuch nicht als in sich geschlossener Gesetzeskodex formuliert, sondern als eine wachsende Sammlung von Rechtssätzen, die schliesslich auch noch im Deuteronomium um eine Gesetzesauslegung aus dem Munde Moses ergänzt wird. Die dekalogische Grundnorm "Du sollst nicht töten" erfährt darin eine kasuistische Ausdifferenzierung, gerade auch was die Unterscheidung von absichtlichem und unabsichtlichen Töten betrifft. Die dafür wichtigsten Texte finden sich in Exodus 21,12-14, Numeri 35 und Deuteronomium 19,1-13. Als vorantike Texte sind sie nicht nur aufschlussreich für das Verständnis der Rechtsentwicklung, sondern implizieren auch einiges für das Verständnis der Gerichtspraxis und der weltanschaulichen Voraussetzungen des Rechtes im alten Israel.

Überblick über die Ringvorlesung:
https://www.jura.uni-hamburg.de/forschung/institute-forschungsstellen-und-zentren/cisal/lectures-and-courses/lecture-series.html
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In biblical times the materials on which was written was expensive and writing space was limited. In this short paper I discuss a couple of examples where one biblical text refers to another biblical text by quoting just the beginnung and... more
In biblical times the materials on which was written was expensive and writing space was limited. In this short paper I discuss a couple of examples where one biblical text refers to another biblical text by quoting just the beginnung and ending of the quoted text, implying that the audience is aware of the full text.
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Both in Judaism and in Christianity, the Pentateuch forms the first and fundamental piece of the Bible and in many ways can be seen as the basic document of Western religious history. The paradigm for the study of the Pentateuch that... more
Both in Judaism and in Christianity, the Pentateuch forms the first and fundamental piece of the Bible and in many ways can be seen as the basic document of Western religious history. The paradigm for the study of the Pentateuch that currently prevails in Biblical Studies dates from the 19th century and forms a cornerstone of Biblical Studies and of the reconstruction of the history of ancient Israel. This paradigm extends to the narratives of the Pentateuch as well as to its legal collections. According to this paradigm, the Pentateuch was composed over a long period, with the three most important stages JE (from before the Deuteronomy), D (the core of Deuteronomy, dated in the 7th century) and P (Priestly texts, from the exilic and postexilic periods). This paradigm was established by Julius Wellhausen's «Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels» (1878). It has been modified in many ways since its invention, and in the last thirty years it has been subject to various criticisms even by representatives of theological schools that were previously defending it; nevertheless, no fundamental paradigm shift has taken place to this date.
It is the aim of this conference to discuss this paradigm critically and to explore whether a fundamental paradigm change can overcome the current impasse of old models and open new approaches to the understanding of the Pentateuch. The international speakers are experts in the fields of Biblical Studies, Legal History, Linguistics, and Ancient Near Eastern Studies.
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Benjamin Kilchör und Stefan Schweyer wirkten in den letzten Jahren bereits als Assistenz-Professoren und Fachbereichsleiter für Altes Testament bzw. Praktische Theologie an der STH Basel. Beide haben in der Zwischenzeit die... more
Benjamin Kilchör und Stefan Schweyer wirkten in den letzten Jahren bereits als Assistenz-Professoren und Fachbereichsleiter für Altes Testament bzw. Praktische Theologie an der STH Basel. Beide haben in der Zwischenzeit die Voraussetzungen für die Beförderung zum Ordentlichen Professor erfüllt und sind nun befördert worden. Aus diesem schönen Anlass werden sie nun ihre öffentlichen Antrittsvorlesungen halten, die repräsentative Einblicke in ihre Forschungsarbeit und ihre künftigen Vorhaben geben. Im Anschluss wird ein Apero-Riche serviert. Wir freuen uns, Sie dazu herzlich an die STH Basel einladen zu dürfen. Anmeldung und Informationen unter sthbasel.ch/antrittsvorlesung
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Siehe: https://rezensionen.afet.de/? p= 189. Der Herder Verlag bewirbt Eckart Ottos auf vier Bänden angelegten Kommentar zum Deuteronomium folgendermaßen: "Dieser Deuteronomium-Kommentar vereinigt erstmals in der Geschichte der Auslegung... more
Siehe: https://rezensionen.afet.de/? p= 189. Der Herder Verlag bewirbt Eckart Ottos auf vier Bänden angelegten Kommentar zum Deuteronomium folgendermaßen: "Dieser Deuteronomium-Kommentar vereinigt erstmals in der Geschichte der Auslegung des Buches diachrone, an der Entstehung des Textes, und synchrone, an der Interpretation des Endtextes orientierte Auslegung". Schon nach den ersten beiden Bänden, die Dtn 1-11 auslegen, ist deutlich, dass es sich um einen epochemachenden Kommentar handelt, der auf lange Zeit hinaus neue Maßstäbe für die Kommentierung des Deuteronomiums setzt. Gerade das Bemühen darum, synchrone und diachrone Auslegung miteinander ins Gespräch zu bringen, ist ein Verdienst Eckart Ottos, das den Kommentar auch zu einem gewinnbringenden Werk für Leser macht, die den literar-und redaktionskritischen Operationen rein diachroner Kommentare mit Skepsis begegnen. Die Seitenzählung geht fortlaufend durch alle vier Bände. Der dritte Teilband zu Dtn 12,1-23,15 wendet sich dem Deuteronomischen Gesetz zu und enthält entsprechend, bevor es an den eigentlichen Kommentar geht, eine "Forschungsgeschichtliche Standortbestimmung der Literatur-und Rechtsgeschichte der Gebotspromulgation Dtn 12-26 in der Zweiten Moserede" (1082-1116). Darin skizziert Otto sein Modell zur Entstehung der Pentateuchgesetze: Die im 9./8. Jhd. verortete erste Redaktion des Bundesbuches diente als Paradigma für die Redaktion des im 7. Jhd. entstandenen "vordeuteronomistischen Deuteronomiums", wobei dieser erste Entwurf des Deuteronomiums als Revision des Bundesbuches konzipiert ist, freilich nicht, um dieses zu ersetzen, sondern um mit ihm zusammen gelesen zu werden und als Schlüssel für die rechte Auslegung des Bundesbuches zu dienen. Erst in einer weiteren, deuteronomistischen Redaktion kommt der ebenfalls deuteronomistische Dekalog zum Deuteronomium hinzu und mit wenigen Einfügungen konnte die dtr Redaktion das Deuteronomische Gesetz dann dem Dekalog (der in der Gestalt von Dtn 5,6-21 nach Otto ein Pentalog ist) entsprechend gliedern. Dieses deuteronomistische Deuteronomium wurde nach Otto dann (zusammen mit dem Bundesbuch) im Heiligkeitsgesetz (Lev 17-26) rezipiert, wiederum nicht mit einer Ersetzungsabsicht, das Heiligkeitsgesetz soll dann seinerseits in nachexilischen Fortschreibungen auch wieder auf das Deuteronomium eingewirkt haben (was Otto allerdings kaum ausführt). Leider fehlt analog zu dieser diachronen Einführung eine synchrone Heranführung an die Gesetzespromulgation in Dtn 12-26. Was heißt es für die synchrone Lektüre des Deuteronomischen Gesetzes, dass nach Dtn 1,5 Mose im Deuteronomium die Tora auslegt? Ist damit nur das Bundesbuch gemeint? Oder soll man für eine synchrone Lektüre von Dtn 12-26 die ganze Priestertora und das Heiligkeitsgesetz mit berücksichtigen? Soll man beispielsweise Lev 25 als Verstehenshintergrund von Dtn 15 lesen? Spielt Num 35 für eine synchrone Auslegung von Dtn 19 eine Rolle? Diese Anfragen deuten bereits an, dass in der Auslegung letztlich doch noch die diachrone Interpretation überwiegt und dass die synchrone Lektüre von Ottos diachronen Modellen bestimmt wird. Dies lässt sich exemplarisch an Dtn 12 zeigen: Otto schichtet Dtn 12 diachron auf, wobei er in 12,8-12.20-28 eine nachexilische Fortschreibung ausmacht, die das Altargesetz aus Lev 17 rezipiert. Dies erlaubt es ihm, Dtn 12 in der "Endgestalt" als Auslegung von Lev 17 zu lesen. Doch letztlich
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siehe https://rezensionen.afet.de/?p=895. Der vierte Teilband des Deuteronomium-Kommentars von Eckart Otto knüpft nahtlos an den dritten Teilband an, den ich für die AfeT-Rezensionen bereits rezensiert habe, und führt zunächst die... more
siehe https://rezensionen.afet.de/?p=895. Der vierte Teilband des Deuteronomium-Kommentars von Eckart Otto knüpft nahtlos an den dritten Teilband an, den ich für die AfeT-Rezensionen bereits rezensiert habe, und führt zunächst die Auslegung des Deuteronomischen Gesetzes (Dtn 12-26) zu einem Abschluss. Die Qualitäten des Kommentars bleiben dieselben, wobei beeindruckend ist, dass sich bis zum Schluss des Kommentars keine Ermüdungserscheinungen des Verfassers wahrnehmen lassen, sondern das Deuteronomium in voller Frische und Gründlichkeit bis zum Tod des Mose kommentiert wird. Da die Anlage des Kommentars schon in der Rezension des vorausgehenden Teilbandes besprochen wurde, sollen hier exemplarisch einige Fragestellungen herausgegriffen werden. Besonders hilfreich sind immer wieder die forschungsgeschichtlichen Überblicke zur Auslegung einzelner Perikopen. Der Tod des Mose (Dtn 34) dient nach Otto in synchroner Lektüre des Pentateuchs als hermeneutischer Schlüssel zur Tora. Er bringt es auf der letzten Seite des Kommentars auf die Kurzformel "Mose muss sterben, damit die Tora leben kann" (2286). In der diachronen Analyse folgt Otto der These von L. Perlitt, in Dtn 34 keine Priesterschrift zu sehen. Stattdessen hält er das ganze Kapitel für nachpriesterschriftlich, wobei er Dtn 34,1-6.8 einer Hexateuchredaktion zuschreibt, an die das Josuabuch nahtlos anknüpfen kann, während 7.10-12 dann von einer Pentateuchredaktion stamme, die mit dem Tod des Mose den Pentateuch aus der Taufe hebt. Das Amt der Vermittlung des Gotteswillens wird also nicht von Josua weitergeführt, der gerade kein Prophet wie Mose ist, sondern von der verschrifteten Tora. Josua dagegen führt die Toraauslegung weiter, was das Amt der Schriftgelehrten in der nachexilischen Zeit begründet. Den forschungsgeschichtlichen Überblick zum Moselied (Dtn 32) leitet Otto mit der Bemerkung ein, dass in keinem anderen Kapitel des Deuteronomiums die Wege der Forschung so weit auseinandergehen, von mosaischer bis zu hellenistischer Datierung. Ein ironischer Unterton in der darauf folgenden Darstellung der Forschungsgeschichte ist wohl nicht von der Hand zu weisen. Otto selbst möchte die Datierung des Moseliedes in Dtn 32,8-9 verankern: Die Verteilung der Völker auf Mitglieder des himmlischen Hofstaates entspreche der Organisationsform des achämenidischen Großreiches; da das Moselied ohne diese Verse nicht funktioniere, sei eine Abfassung vor dem 4. Jh. unwahrscheinlich. Im Rahmen dieser späten Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter einer Creative Commons Namensnennung-Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International Lizenz.
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Was bedeutet das Alte Testament für uns Christen? Was hat die Geschichte, die dort berichtet ist, mit unserem Glauben zu tun? Anhand des Apostolischen Glaubensbekenntnisses, das die zentralen Inhalte des christlichen Glaubens... more
Was bedeutet das Alte Testament für uns Christen? Was hat die Geschichte, die dort berichtet ist, mit unserem Glauben zu tun? Anhand des Apostolischen Glaubensbekenntnisses, das die zentralen Inhalte
des christlichen Glaubens formuliert, zeigt Benjamin Kilchör, dass das Alte Testament nicht nur eine Heranführung und Verstehenshilfe für das Neue Testament ist, sondern dass beide eine untrennbare Einheit bilden. In der Bibel Alten und Neuen Testaments offenbart sich Gott als Vater, Sohn und Heiliger Geist und schafft eine Gemeinschaft der Heiligen, wirkt Vergebung der Sünden und schenkt das ewige Leben. Die großen Linien ziehen sich durch die ganze Bibel.

"Dieses Buch ist eigentlich eine Biblische Theologie im Taschenformat. Es führt anhand des Glaubensbekenntnisses vom Garten Eden bis zum himmlischen Jerusalem – spannend zu lesen vom Anfang bis zum Ende, kompakt, aber gut verständlich und überaus informativ."
Pfrn. Prof. Dr. Hanna Stettler, Tübingen/Flaach ZH

Rezensionen:
- Hanna Stettler: theologische beiträge 55 (2024) 142-143
- Harald Seubert: Diakrisis 01/2024
- Ron Kubsch: https://www.evangelium21.net/media/4231/das-alte-testament-vom-glaubensbekenntnis-her-verstehen
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Am Anfang des Hesekielbuches wird so ausführlich wie sonst nirgendwo in der Bibel die Herrlichkeit Gottes beschrieben. Diese Herrlichkeit erscheint fernab von Jerusalem auf einem Thronwagen in Babylon am Kebarfluss und beruft den Priester... more
Am Anfang des Hesekielbuches wird so ausführlich wie sonst nirgendwo in der Bibel die Herrlichkeit Gottes beschrieben. Diese Herrlichkeit erscheint fernab von Jerusalem auf einem Thronwagen in Babylon am Kebarfluss und beruft den Priester Hesekiel, der dort in der Verbannung ist, zum Propheten für Israel. Hesekiel muss harte Worte des Gerichts verkünden, doch bevor er sie verkündet, muss er sie am eigenen Leib nachvollziehen.

In elf Predigten führt dieses Büchlein durch die ersten sieben Kapitel des Hesekielbuches, wo die Herrlichkeit Gottes dem Sohn Adams Gottes Geist einhaucht und seine Worte zur Speise gibt, damit der Prophet ausgerüstet ist, um mit einer schockierenden Botschaft einer widerspenstigen Hörerschaft entgegenzutreten.
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Der Heilige Geist kam an Pfingsten – und dann? Und davor? Vorliegendes Buch will die Engführungen christlicher Predigt über den Heiligen Geist weiten. Diese fünf Beiträge des Alttestamentlers Benjamin Kilchör waren ursprünglich als... more
Der Heilige Geist kam an Pfingsten – und dann? Und davor? Vorliegendes Buch will die Engführungen christlicher Predigt über den Heiligen Geist weiten. Diese fünf Beiträge des Alttestamentlers Benjamin Kilchör waren ursprünglich als Vorträge und Predigten konzipiert. In ihnen betont er die in der Heiligen Schrift sowohl Alten wie Neuen Testaments bezeugte Wirksamkeit des Heiligen Geistes – von Anbeginn der Schöpfung.
Die Lehre vom Heiligen Geist geht also nicht von Pfingsten oder den Geistesgaben aus. Der Autor fragt danach, was das heute für die Gemeinde Jesu, für jeden einzelnen Christen, bedeutet. Das Buch ist eine Zusammenschau von Lehre und Leben – so wie christlicher Glaube nie nur Theorie sein kann
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Zahlreiche Bibeltexte wurden durch die Jahrtausende messianisch ausgelegt. Sowohl im Judentum, als auch im Christentum wurden einzelne Texte des Alten Testaments, der hebräischen Bibel, auf einen göttlichen Heiland hin gelesen. Die... more
Zahlreiche Bibeltexte wurden durch die Jahrtausende messianisch ausgelegt. Sowohl im Judentum, als auch im Christentum wurden einzelne Texte des Alten Testaments, der hebräischen Bibel, auf einen göttlichen Heiland hin gelesen.
Die Autoren dieses Bandes gehen grundsätzlicher vor. Nicht nur in einzelnen Passagen blitzt das Angesicht Christi durch. Vielmehr bringen die Autoren das Wort Christi neu zum klingen: „Die Schrift zeugt von mir“ (Joh 5,39).
Allzu oft wurde und wird dieses Zeugnis überhört. Viele Texte des Alten Testaments gelten dem heutigen Leser nur als moralisierende Erzählungen, die bestenfalls eine christliche Ethik absichern oder schaurige Beispiele des Abfalls von Gott zeigen.
Den Autoren gelingt es zu verdeutlichen, dass die Interpretation, das Alte Testament berge die Verheißung, das Neue Testament die Erfüllung, viel zu kurz greift. Die ganze Heilige Schrift spricht von dem, „der da ist, der da war und der da kommt“ (Offb 4,8). Hören wir neu auf ihr Zeugnis…
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Im 1.Korintherbrief beschreibt Paulus das Abendmahl als "Gemeinschaft des Leibes" Christi, in den man durch den Heiligen Geist hineingetauft wird. Die fünf Predigten gehen anhand von Texten des 1.Korintherbriefes der grundlegenden... more
Im 1.Korintherbrief beschreibt Paulus das Abendmahl als "Gemeinschaft des Leibes" Christi, in den man durch den Heiligen Geist hineingetauft wird. Die fünf Predigten gehen anhand von Texten des 1.Korintherbriefes der grundlegenden Bedeutung des Abendmahls für den christlichen Glauben nach. Im Abendmahl wird die Gemeinde zum Leib Christi gestaltet. So entfaltet Paulus nicht nur das persönliche Glaubensleben und die Ethik des Einzelnen vom Abendmahl her, sondern auch den Gemeindebau. Dadurch, dass Christus seinen Leib und sein Blut der Gemeinde im Abendmahl schenkt, bekommt die Gemeinde nicht nur Anteil an seinem Sterben, sondern auch an seiner Auferstehung. Die Theologie des "Leibes Christi", die im Abendmahl gründet, findet so ihr Ziel und ihre Bestimmung in der Hoffnung auf die Auferstehung des Leibes am jüngsten Tag.
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