Такође погледајте: 𝌆,
Φ,
Ф, и ቀ
中 | U+4E2D, 中
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E2D |
|
међународно
Редослед писања
|
|
Редослед писања
|
|
Хан карактер
中 (Kangxi radical 2, 丨+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 中 (L), четири-угла 50006, composition ⿻口丨)
Изведени карактери
- 仲, 冲, 𫩘, 𡉥, 妕, 㞲, 忡, 𢪠, 沖, 狆, 䦿, 𭤫, 肿, 𣐄, 𠁪, 𫡇, 迚, 𥄡, 种, 祌, 𫃞, 翀, 𦕏, 舯, 蚛, 衶, 𫡉, 𡨌, 訲, 鈡, 𬈅, 𫙄, 𩵵, 𬈴, 串, 忠, 𤆪, 盅, 㲴, 䆔, 馽, 𨌼, 𨵓, 𦬕, 𥫯, 𫑢, 𠀐
- 钟 (Simplified form of 鍾 and 鐘)
Референце
- KangXi: page 79, карактер 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 73
- Dae Jaweon: страна 158, карактер 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian: том 1, страна 28, карактер 10
- Unihan data за U+4E2D
Кинески
Wikipedia has articles on:
- 中 (Written Standard Chinese?)
- 中 (Кантонски)
- 中 (Ган)
Порекло глифа
Pictogram (象形 (xiàngxíng)) – a flagpole. Based on archaeological evidence, the middle box has been interpreted as a drum (建鼓). This flagpole with a drum was placed in the center of a field to gather people and to detect the direction of the wind. In addition, the pronunciation of 中 is reminiscent of the beating of a drum.
Shuowen interprets the character as a vertical stroke 丨 passing through the center of 口, indicating the center.
It has also been interpreted as an arrow in the center of a target.
Етимологија
“Middle; centre” (Pronunciation 1) > “to hit the centre; to attain” (Изговор 2).
Од Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t/duŋ. Cognate with Tibetan གཞུང (gzhung, “middle, center”).
Related to:
- 衷 (“middle; inner garment; inner feelings”);
- 仲 (“second (of the brothers or months)”).
Изговор 1
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Pinyin): zhōng (zhong1)
- (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zong1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җун (I)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zung1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): zuung1
- Gan (Wiktionary): zung1
- Hakka
- (Sixian, PFS): chûng / tûng
- (Meixian, Guangdong): zung1 / dung4
- Jin (Wiktionary): zung1
- Northern Min (KCR): dé̤ng / dô̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): dṳ̆ng / dŏng
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): tiong / tng / teng / thang
- (Teochew, Peng'im): dang1 / dong1
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tson
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhong1
Note:
- chûng, zung1 - literary;
- tûng, dung4 - vernacular.
Note:
- dé̤ng - literary;
- dô̤ng - vernacular.
Note:
- dṳ̆ng - literary;
- dŏng - vernacular.
Note:
- Quanzhou:
- tiong - literary;
- tng - vernacular (limited, e.g. 中秋);
- teng - vernacular (in place names, e.g. 田中, 湖中);
- thang - vernacular (limited).
Note:
- dang1 - vernacular;
- dong1 - literary.
Дефиниције
中
- middle; center
- 居中 ― jūzhōng ― to be placed in the middle
- 華中/华中 ― Huázhōng ― Central China
- medium; intermediary
- 中型 ― zhōngxíng ― medium-size; mid-size
這件夾克有三個尺碼:小、中、大。 [MSC, trad.]
这件夹克有三个尺码:小、中、大。 [MSC, simp.]- Zhè jiàn jiākè yǒu sān gè chǐmǎ: xiǎo, zhōng, dà. [Pinyin]
- You can get the jacket in three sizes - small, medium and large.
- within; among; in
- 水中 ― shuǐ zhōng ― in the water
我们中间有一个15岁的女孩。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]- Wǒmen zhōngjiān yǒu yīgè 15 suì dí nǚhái. [Pinyin]
- A 15-year-old girl was among us.
他在事故中受傷。 [MSC, trad.]
他在事故中受伤。 [MSC, simp.]- Tā zài shìgù zhōng shòushāng. [Pinyin]
- He was injured in the accident.
- while; in the process of; during; in the middle of
- 發展中國家/发展中国家 ― fāzhǎn zhōng guójiā ― developing countries
網頁正在建設中。 [MSC, trad.]
网页正在建设中。 [MSC, simp.]- Wǎngyè zhèngzài jiànshè zhōng. [Pinyin]
- The website is under construction.
- to be fit for
- 中用 ― zhōngyòng ― to be useful
- 中聽/中听 ― zhōngtīng ― pleasant to the ear
- heart; innermost being
- intermediary
- (dialectal) all right; OK
- Short for 中國/中国 (Zhōngguó, “China; Chinese”).
- 中醫/中医 ― zhōngyī ― traditional Chinese medicine
- 中美關係/中美关系 ― Zhōng Měi guānxì ― China–United States relation
- Short for 中學/中学 (“middle school”). Used only in the abbreviation of the name.
- 三中 ― Sān Zhōng ― No.3 Middle School
- 1st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "the center" (𝌆)
- A surname
Синоними
Lua грешка in Модул:zh/templates at line 180: attempt to index local 'content' (a nil value).
Једињења
Lua грешка in Модул:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead..
Изговор 2
Lua грешка in Модул:wuu-pron at line 157: Incorrect tone notation "2" for sh. See WT:AZH/Wu..
Дефиниције
中
- to hit the mark; to be correct; to be successful
導彈成功擊中目標 [MSC, trad.]
导弹成功击中目标 [MSC, simp.]- dǎodàn chénggōng jī zhòng mùbiāo [Pinyin]
- The missile successfully hit the target.
真讓他說中了。 [MSC, trad.]
真让他说中了。 [MSC, simp.]- Zhēn ràng tā shuō zhòng liǎo. [Pinyin]
- He turns out to be correct.
- to be hit by; to suffer; to be affected by
- 中暑 ― zhòngshǔ ― to suffer a heat stroke
他試圖爬走時肩膀中槍了。 [MSC, trad.]
他试图爬走时肩膀中枪了。 [MSC, simp.]- Tā shìtú pá zǒu shí jiānbǎng zhòngqiāng liǎo. [Pinyin]
- As he tried to crawl away, he was hit in the shoulder.
- 他中了肺炎。 ― Tā zhòng liǎo fèiyán. ― He has contracted pneumonia.
- to win (a prize, a lottery)
- 中樂透/中乐透 ― zhòng lètòu ― win a lottery
- 中咗六合彩 [Cantonese] ― zung3 zo2 luk6 hap6 coi2 [Jyutping] ― won the lottery
Синоними
- (Singapore Hokkien) 著 (tio̍h)
Једињења
Lua грешка in Модул:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead..
Претходници
Others:
- → Вијетнамски: đúng (“correct”)
- → Јапански: 中 (chun, “red dragon (mahjong tile)”)
Јапански
Kanji
中
(Први grade kyōiku kanji)
Readings
- Go-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)←ちゆう (tyuu, historical); じゅう (jū, Jōyō †)←ぢゆう (dyuu, historical)
- Kan-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)←ちゆう (tyuu, historical); じゅう (jū, Jōyō †)←ぢゆう (dyuu, historical)
- Kun: なか (naka, 中, Jōyō); うち (uchi, 中); あたる (ataru, 中たる); あたる (ataru, 中る)
- Nanori: あたり (atari); あつ (atsu); あつる (atsuru); かなえ (kanae); かなめ (kaname); ただし (tadashi); とうる (tōru); とおる (tōru); ひとし (hitoshi); みつる (mitsuru); わたる (wataru)
Compounds
Etymology 1
За изговор и дефиниције 中 – see the following entry: なか
|
(The following entry is uncreated: なか.)
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 中 (MC ʈɨuŋ).
Pronunciation
Noun
中 (chū)
- middle, medium
- 大中小
- dai chū shō
- large, medium and small
- average; neither good nor poor
- 中の出来映え
- chū no dekibae
- an average performance
- during; being in the process of doing
- second volume of a three volume set
Affix
中 (chū)
- China or Chinese; Sino- (prefix)
- 日中関係
- Nitchū kankei
- Sino-Japanese relations
Suffix
中 (-chū)
- being in the process of doing
- ダウンロード中
- daunrōdo-chū
- downloading; download in progress
- メンテ中
- mente-chū
- currently in maintenance
- インストール中
- insutōru-chū
- installing
- 準備中
- junbichū
- currently in preparation
Etymology 3
|
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from a later Chinese reading, sound shift, or rendaku?”
|
Pronunciation
Suffix
中 (-jū) ←ぢゆう (dyuu)?
- during, in the course of, throughout
- 世界中
- sekaijū
- throughout the world
- 体中
- karadajū
- throughout the body
- all over, everywhere
Usage notes
The distinction between じゅう (jū) and ちゅう (chū) can be somewhat confusing: じゅう (jū) means throughout, in all places, as in 一日中 (ichinichijū, “all day long”) or 体中 (karadajū, “throughout the body”), while ちゅう (chū) means within, but not everywhere, as in 授業中 (jugyōchū, “in class, during class”). Contrast “I worked on this all day long” with “I worked on this in class (but not necessarily for the entire time)”.
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
Noun
中 (uchi)
- inside
Usage notes
内 is the most common kanji for this pronunciation.
Etymology 5
Various nanori readings.
Proper noun
中 or 中 (atari or proper) [[Категорија:Јапански Шаблон:error|あたり]]
- a surname
中 or 中 (ataru or proper) [[Категорија:Јапански Шаблон:error|あたる]]
- a female given name
中 or 中 (nakaba or proper) [[Категорија:Јапански Шаблон:error|なかは]]
- a surname
Etymology 6
Borrowing from Мандарин 中 (zhōng)
Pronunciation
Noun
中 (chun)
- (mahjong) red dragon (tile)
See also
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Корејски
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 中 (MC ʈɨuŋ).
Historical Readings
|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
|
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 |
듀ᇰ (Yale: tyùng)
|
Middle Korean
|
Text |
Eumhun
|
Gloss (hun) |
Reading
|
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] |
가온〮ᄃᆡᆺ (Yale: kàwóntòy-s) |
듀ᇰ (Yale: tyùng)
|
Pronunciation
Hanja
Korean
Wikisource has texts containing the
hanja:
[[wikisource:ko:Special:Search/"中"|中]]
Wikisource
中 (eumhun 가운데 중 (gaunde jung))
- Hanja form? of 중 (“average Галицијски”).
- Hanja form? of 중 (“middle; medium”).
- Hanja form? of 중 (“amongst”).
- Hanja form? of 중 (“in the course of; during”).
- Hanja form? of 중 (“China (in compounds or in news media)”).
Compounds
Proper noun
中 (jung) (hangeul 중)
- (in news headlines) Short for '"`UNIQtemplatestyles00000045QINU`"'中國 (Jungguk, “China”).
- 韓·中 관계 ― Han·Jung gwangye ― South Korea – China relations
Usage notes
In news headlines, this is usually written solely in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any hanja.
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Old Korean
- 希 (*-huy) (probably represents lenition of initial *k)
Particle
中 (*-kuy, *-huy)
- in; at; amid (locative case marker, attested in isolation only before the eleventh century)
Reconstruction notes
- Conventionally reconstructed as *-kuy because Idu manuals in Han'gul read this character as 희 (-huy), which is believed to reflect an ancient reading tradition. Middle Korean intervocalic /h/ is usually lenited from Old Korean */k/ based on internal and dialectal reconstruction. The non-lenited form also survives directly in pronouns: 이ᅌᅥ긔〮 (ìngèkúy, “here”), 뎌ᇰ어긔〮 (tyèngèkúy, “there”), etc.
- Assumed to be a logogram borrowed from Chinese, as no Chinese reading or native Korean equivalent of 中 whose phonology is even remotely similar to *kuy is known. The Chinese word often bears a locative meaning as well, and there is a certain parallel in the Vietnamese Nôm use of the same character to write the native preposition trong (“in; inside”).
- First-millennium Old Korean also featured the locative particle 良 (*-a). The two particles were compounded as 良中 (*-a-kuy) as early as the seventh century. The compounded form becomes predominant in the corpus after the eleventh century, after which 中 *-kuy in isolation is rarely encountered (although a likely Middle Korean reflex is attested in Hangul form as late as the fifteenth century). The compounded form eventually fused into a single morpheme, becoming the Middle Korean locative particle 에〮/애〮 (-éy/áy).
- At some point, perhaps even before widespread compounding, */k/ was lenited to */h/. Lenition may have begun as early as the eighth century, given the attestation of the 希 form in the poem 讚耆婆郞歌 Changiparang-ga, whose claimed date of composition is 740.
- Nam Pung-hyun suggests that 矣 (*-uy), another apparent locative particle attested in the Old Korean corpus, should be connected to 中 (*-kuy.) He classifies both as "uy-type locatives", in contrast to 良 (*-a) as an "a-type locative", and speculates that the uy-type locatives were reserved for animate beings while 良 could be used indiscriminately.
Descendants
- Old Korean: 良中 (*-akuy) (compounded with 良 (*-a))
- Middle Korean: 희 (-huy) (rare)
See also
- 良 (*-a) (locative case marker)
- 矣 (*-uy) (locative case marker)
- 良中 (*-akuy) (locative case marker predominant after the eleventh century)
References
- 배대은 (1996), “이두 처격조사의 통시적 고찰 [A diachronic study of locative case markers in Idu]”, in Baedalmal, volume 21, pages 139–156
- 이승재 (2000), “차자표기 자료의 격조사 연구 [Study of case markers in the Chinese-based orthography [of Korean]]”, in Gugeo Gukmunhak, volume 127, pages 107–132
- Hwang Seon-yeop (2006). "Godae gugeo-ui cheogyeok josa" 고대국어의 처격조사] ["The locative case markers of Old Korean"]. Hanmal Yeon'gu Hakhoe Jeon'guk Haksul Daehoe (conference). Seongnam, South Korea. pp. 35–48.
- Nam Pung-hyun (2012), “Old Korean”, in The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN 978-0-415-46287-7, pages 41–72
Вијетнамски
Han character
中: Hán Việt readings: trung-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel (陟弓切), trúng-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel
中: Nôm readings: trúng-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;taberd, trong-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;btcn, trung-tdcndg;tdcntd;bonet;taberd, truồng-gdhn;bonet;genibrel;taberd, đúng-gdhn, truông-btcn
- Hán tự form of trung, “middle”
- Hán tự form of Trung, “Sino-”
- Hán tự form of trúng, “to hit”
- Nôm form of trong (“in; inside; within”).
Compounds
References
|
中 | U+4E2D, 中
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E2D |
|
Објашњење.
Изговор:
- пинјин: zhōng Шаблон:zh-cir
Радикал:
- 丨 00205
Значења:
- ...
Примери:
- 13 雀鳥中你們當以為可憎、不可喫的、乃是鵰、狗頭鵰、紅頭鵰、
- 13 Què niǎo zhōng nǐmen dāng yǐwéi kězēng, bùkě chī de, nǎi shì diāo, gǒutóu diāo, hóngtóu diāo,
- 13. А између птица ове да су вам гадне и да их не једете: орао и јастреб и морски орао,
- 5 Мој. 14:12, Рим. 14:1, Рим. 14:21
Хомофони:
- ...
Хомографи:
- ...
ХСК ниво:
- ...
Асоцијације:
- ...
Изведене речи:
Сродни чланци са Википедије:
- 中
Преводи
Референце
Шаблон:Kate
Шаблон:Kate