James II of England

James II & VII^[1]
James II & VII
	Portrait by Peter Lely
King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (more...)
Reign	6 February 1685 – 23 December 1688
Coronation	23 April 1685
Predecessor	Charles II
Successors	William III & II and Mary II
Born	14 October 1633; (N.S.: 24 October 1633); St James's Palace, London, England
Died	16 September 1701 (aged 67) (N.S.); Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
Burial	Church of the English Benedictines, Paris, France
Spouse	Anne Hyde; (m. 1660; died 1671); Mary of Modena; (m. 1673);
Issue; more...	Charles, Duke of Cambridge; Mary II, Queen of England; James, Duke of Cambridge; Anne, Queen of Great Britain; Charles, Duke of Kendal; Edgar, Duke of Cambridge; Isabel Stuart; Charles, Duke of Cambridge; James Francis Edward Stuart; Louisa Maria Stuart; Illegitimate:; Henrietta FitzJames; James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick; Henry FitzJames;
House	Stuart
Father	Charles I of England
Mother	Henrietta Maria of France
Religion	Catholicism (1668–1701); Anglicanism (1633–1668);
Signature

James II and VII (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) was king of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1685 to 1688. He was King James II in England and Ireland, and King James VII in Scotland. He was also Duke of Normandy from 31 December 1660. He lost his kingdoms in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He did not succeed in taking them back in a war, and he spent the rest of his life in France.

He was the last Roman Catholic king in the British Isles. Some of his people did not like his religious ideas, leading a group of them to disobey and fight against him. This was called the Glorious Revolution in England and Scotland. King James and his son, James Francis Edward went into exile. The king was replaced by his Protestant daughter, Queen Mary II, and her husband King William III and II. They became rulers in 1689.

The belief that James, not William III or Mary II, was the one true ruler became known as Jacobitism (from Jacobus or Iacobus, Latin for James). James made one serious attempt to recover his throne when he landed in Ireland in 1689. After his defeat at the Battle of the Boyne in the summer of 1690, he returned to France, living the rest of his life under the protection of King Louis XIV. His son James Francis Edward Stuart (The Old Pretender) and his grandson Charles Edward Stuart (The Young Pretender and Bonnie Prince Charlie) attempted to restore the Jacobite line after James's death, but failed.

Issue

The issue listed are the children of James II who survived into adulthood. Illegitimate are not listed.

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
Mary II of England	30 April 1662	28 December 1694	Married William III of England (1650 - 1702) in 1677. No surviving issue.
Anne of Great Britain	6 February 1665	1 August 1714	Married George of Denmark (2 April 1653 – 28 October 1708) in 1683.
James Francis Edward Stuart	10 June 1688	1 January 1766	had issue^[source?].

References

↑ In Scotland, he was called James VII, as there were six previous kings of that nation named James.

[james7-1] In Scotland, he was called James VII, as there were six previous kings of that nation named James.

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