利用者:Akaniji/ジェーン・シーモア

曖昧さ回避 この項目では、イングランド王妃のジェーン・シーモアについて説明しています。女優のジェーン・シーモアについては「ジェーン・シーモア (女優)」をご覧ください。
ジェーン・シーモア
Jane Seymour
イングランド王妃（英語版）
在位 1536年5月30日 - 1537年10月24日
出生 1509年
死去 1537年10月24日
イングランドの旗 イングランド、ハンプトン・コート宮殿
埋葬 　
イングランドの旗 イングランド、ウィンザー城
配偶者 ヘンリー8世
子女 エドワード6世
王朝 テューダー朝
父親 ジョン・シーモア
母親 マージョリー（又はマーガレット）・ウェントワース（英語版）
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ジェーン・シーモア（Jane Seymour, 1509年 - 1537年10月24日）は、イングランド王ヘンリー8世の3番目の王妃（1536年結婚）、エドワード6世の生母。

1536年のアン・ブーリンの刑死後、ヘンリー8世と結婚し、翌1537年に男子（後のエドワード6世）を出産したが、その月のうちに産褥死した。ヘンリー8世は、皇太子を産んだジェーンに感謝を込めて、6人の王妃のうちでただ1人、ウィンザー城内の王室霊廟において隣に眠ることを許した。

生い立ち[編集]

Arms of Seymour: Gules, two wings conjoined in lure or

Jane Seymour was born at Wulfhall, Savernake Forest, Wiltshire, the daughter of Sir John Seymour and Margery Wentworth. Through her maternal grandfather, she was the great-great granddaughter of King Edward III of England through Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence.[1] Because of this, she and King Henry VIII were fifth cousins. She was a half-second cousin to her predecessor Anne Boleyn, sharing a great-grandmother, Elizabeth Cheney.[2] Her date of birth is a matter of debate. It is usually given as 1509 or even 1510, but it has been noted that at her funeral, 29 women walked in succession.[3] Since it was customary for the attendant company to mark every year of the deceased's life in numbers, this implies she was born in 1508, or 1507 and she had not yet celebrated her 30th birthday.

She was not educated as highly as King Henry's previous wives, Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn. She could read and write a little, but was much better at needlework and household management, which were considered much more necessary for women.[4] Jane's needlework was reported to be beautiful and elaborate; some of her work survived up to 1652, when it is recorded to have been given to the Seymour family. After her death, it was noted that Henry was an "enthusiastic embroiderer".[5]

She became a maid-of-honour in 1532 to Queen Catherine, but Jane may have served Catherine as early as 1527, and went on to serve Queen Anne Boleyn. The first report of Henry VIII's interest in Jane Seymour was in early 1536, sometime before the death of Catherine of Aragon.

Jane was noted to have a child-like face, as well as a modest personality.[6] According to the Imperial Ambassador Eustace Chapuys, Jane was of middling stature and very pale; he also commented that she was not of much beauty. However, John Russell stated that Jane was "the fairest of all the King's wives." [7] Polydore Vergil commented that she was "a woman of the utmost charm in both character and appearance."[8]

結婚[編集]

King Henry VIII was married to Jane at the Palace of Whitehall, Whitehall, London, on 30 May 1536, just eleven days after Anne Boleyn's execution. She was publicly proclaimed as queen consort on 4 June. She was never crowned, due to a plague in London where the coronation was to take place. Henry may have been reluctant to crown Jane before she had fulfilled her duty as a queen consort by bearing him a son and a male heir.[9]

As queen, Jane Seymour was said to be strict and formal. Her motto was "Bound to obey and serve." [10] Template:Henryviiiwives She was close to her female relations, Anne Stanhope (her brother's wife) and her sister, Elizabeth. Jane was also close to the Lady Lisle along with her sister-in-law the Lady Beauchamp. Jane considered Lisle's daughters as ladies-in-waiting and she left many of her possessions to Beauchamp. Jane would form a very close relationship with Mary Tudor. The lavish entertainments, gaiety, and extravagance of the Queen's household, which had reached its peak during the time of Anne Boleyn, was replaced by a strict enforcement of decorum. For example, she banned the French fashions that Anne Boleyn had introduced. Politically, Seymour appears to have been conservative.[11] Her only reported involvement in national affairs, in 1536, was when she asked for pardons for participants in the Pilgrimage of Grace. Henry is said to have rejected this, reminding her of the fate her predecessor met with when she "meddled in his affairs".[12]

Jane put forth much effort to restore Henry's first child, Princess Mary, to court and heir to the throne behind any children that Jane would have with Henry. Jane brought up the issue of Mary's restoration both before and after she became Queen. While Jane was unable to restore Mary to the line of succession, Jane was able to reconcile her with Henry.[13] Eustace Chapuys wrote to Charles V of Jane's compassion and efforts on behalf of Mary's return to favour. A letter from Mary to Jane shows that Mary was grateful to Jane. While it was Jane who first pushed for the restoration, Mary and Elizabeth were not reinstated in the succession until Henry's sixth wife, Queen Catherine Parr, convinced him to do so.[14]

In early 1537, Jane became pregnant. During her pregnancy, she developed a craving for quail, which Henry ordered for her from Calais and Flanders. She went into confinement in September 1537 and gave birth to the coveted male heir, the future King Edward VI of England on 12 October 1537 at Hampton Court Palace.[15]

死[編集]

Custom dictated that the Queen did not participate in her children's christening. Consequently, Edward was christened without his mother in attendance on 15 October 1537. Both of the King's daughters, Mary and Elizabeth, were present and carried the infant's train during the ceremony.[16] After the christening, it became clear that Jane Seymour was seriously ill.[17]

Jane Seymour's labour had been difficult, lasting two nights and three days, probably because the baby was not well positioned.[18] According to King Edward's biographer, Jennifer Loach, Jane Seymour's death may have been due to an infection from a retained placenta. According to Alison Weir, death could have also been caused by puerperal fever due to a bacterial infection contracted during the birth or a tear in her perineum which became infected.

Jane Seymour died on 24 October 1537 at Hampton Court Palace at Kingston upon Thames.[11]

葬儀[編集]

Jane Seymour's arms as queen consort[19]

Jane Seymour was buried on 12 November 1537 in St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle after the funeral in which her stepdaughter, Mary, acted as chief mourner. Jane was the only one of Henry's wives to receive a Queen's funeral.[11]

The following inscription was above her grave for a time:

Here lieth a Phoenix, by whose death
Another Phoenix life gave breath:
It is to be lamented much
The world at once ne'er knew two such.

After her death, Henry wore black for the next three months and did not remarry for three years, although marriage negotiations were tentatively begun soon after her death. She was Henry's favourite wife because, historians have speculated, she gave birth to a male heir. When he died in 1547, Henry was buried beside her in the grave he had made for her, on his request.[11]

遺産[編集]

Two of Jane's brothers, Thomas and Edward, used her memory to improve their own fortunes.[11] Thomas was rumoured to have been pursuing Lady Elizabeth, but married the Dowager Queen Catherine Parr instead after the King's death. In the reign of the young King Edward VI, Edward Seymour set himself up as Lord Protector and de facto ruler of the kingdom. Both brothers eventually fell from power, and were executed.[11]

家系[編集]

Akaniji/ジェーン・シーモアの系譜
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16. Sir John Seymour of Wulfhall and of Hatch Beauchamp
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. John Seymour of Stapleford
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17. Isabel William or Williams
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. John Seymour of Wulfhall, of Stapleford, of Stitchcombe and of Huish
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18. Sir John Croker of Lineham[20]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9. Elizabeth Coker or Croker
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19. Elizabeth Fortescue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. Sir John Seymour of Wulfhall
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20. William Darell or Darrell
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10. Sir George Darell or Darrell of Littlecote
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21. Elizabeth Calston
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. Elizabeth Darell or Darrell
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22. John Stourton, 1st Baron Stourton (1400-1462)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11. Margaret Stourton of Littlecote
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23. Margery or Marjory Wadham
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. Jane Seymour
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24. Sir Roger Wentworth, Esq., then Kt., of Parlington and of Nettlestead
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12. Sir Philip Wentworth, Kt., of Nettlestead
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25. Margery or Margaret Despenser
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. Sir Henry Wentworth of Nettlestead
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26. Sir John de Clifford, 7th Lord Clifford
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13. Mary Clifford
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27. Lady Elizabeth Percy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Margery or Margaret Wentworth
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28. John Say
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14. Sir John Say of Baas, of Little Berkhamsted and Sawbridgeworth, and of Lawford
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29. Maud ...
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. Anne Say
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30. Sir Laurence or Lawrence Cheney or Cheyne
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15. Elizabeth Cheney
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31. Elizabeth Cokayn or Cokayne
 
 
 
 
 
 

註[編集]

  1. ^ Elizabeth Norton. Jane Seymour: Henry VIII's True Love, Amberley Publishing, May 15, 2009. p. 8. Google eBook
  2. ^ Ancestors of Jane Seymour (see bottom of page).
  3. ^ Alison Weir, The Six Wives of Henry VIII.
  4. ^ Brown, Meg Lota and Kari Boyd McBride. Women's roles in the Renaissance. Greenwood Publishing. p. 244
  5. ^ “Henry VIII — the Embroiderer King”. Royal School of Needlework. 2009年10月19日閲覧。
  6. ^ Portrait of Jane Seymour c. 1537, a painting by Hans, the Younger Holbein
  7. ^ Norton, Elizabeth (2009). Jane Seymour. Amberley. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-84868-102-6. http://books.google.com/?id=FiXjKTkR0QYC&pg=PA65 
  8. ^ Vergil, Polydore (1950). "The Anglica historia of Polydore Vergil, A.D. 1485-1537" (Document). Royal Historical Society. p. 337 {{cite document}}: 不明な引数|url=は無視されます。 (説明)
  9. ^ Wagner, John A. (2011). Encyclopedia of Tudor England. ABC-CLIO. p. 1000. ISBN 978-1598842982. http://books.google.com/books?id=EUCY3otvttEC&pg=PA1000&dq=jane+seymour+encyclopedia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jvCyT_NB8MboAdPb9LYJ&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false 
  10. ^ Wagner, John A. (2011). Encyclopedia of Tudor England. ABC-CLIO. p. 1000. ISBN 978-1598842982. http://books.google.com/books?id=EUCY3otvttEC&pg=PA1000&dq=jane+seymour+encyclopedia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jvCyT_NB8MboAdPb9LYJ&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false 
  11. ^ a b c d e f JANE SEYMOUR:THIRD WIFE OF HENRY VIII OF ENGLAND
  12. ^ “The Six Wives of Henry VIII”. PBS. 2010年10月22日閲覧。
  13. ^ Wagner, John A. (2011). Encyclopedia of Tudor England. ABC-CLIO. p. 1000. ISBN 978-1598842982. http://books.google.com/books?id=EUCY3otvttEC&pg=PA1000&dq=jane+seymour+encyclopedia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jvCyT_NB8MboAdPb9LYJ&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false 
  14. ^ Farquhar, Michael (2001). A Treasure of Royal Scandals, p. 72. Penguin Books, New York. ISBN 0-7394-2025-9.
  15. ^ Seal, Graham (2001). Encyclopedia of Folk Heroes. p. 129. ISBN 978-1576072165. http://books.google.com/books?id=qfTcKDzzqvIC&pg=PA129&dq=jane+seymour+encyclopedia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jvCyT_NB8MboAdPb9LYJ&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false 
  16. ^ All Color Book of Henry VIII, by John Walder, Octopus Books Limited ©1973 p. 47.
  17. ^ Lancelot, Francis. Jane Seymour, Third Wife of Henry the Eighth. Shamrock Publishing (reprint 2011). p. 93/
  18. ^ “The death of Jane Seymour – a Midwife’s view”. Tudorstuff (2009年3月21日). 2010年10月24日閲覧。
  19. ^ Boutell, Charles (1863). "A Manual of Heraldry, Historical and Popular" (Document). London: Winsor & Newton. p. 278
  20. ^ or Sir Robert Coker of Lydeard St Lawrence

参考文献[編集]

  • Fraser, Antonia／森野聡子（訳）／森野和弥（訳），1999，『ヘンリー八世の六人の妃』1999年8月20日，創元社，（ISBN 9784422202235)．）

外部リンク[編集]

イングランド王室
空位
最後の在位者
Anne Boleyn 		王妃・王婿（英語版）
Lady of Ireland
30 May 1536 – 24 October 1537 		空位
次代の在位者
Anne of Cleves

Template:English consort

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