[en] The introduction of water, physiological, or iodine as contrast agents is shown to enhance minute image features in synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction radiographic and tomographic imaging. Anatomical features of rat kidney, such as papillary ducts, ureter, renal artery and renal vein are clearly distinguishable. Olfactory bulb, olfactory tact, and descending bundles of the rat brain are visible with improved contrast. - Highlights: ► Distinguishable anatomical structures features of rat kidney and rat brain are acquired with Sy-DEI in planar mode. ► Images of a small brain phantom and cylindrical phantom are acquired in tomography mode (Sy-DEI-CT) with contrast agents. ► Sy-DEI and Sy-DEI-CT techniques provide new source of information related to biological microanatomy.

[en] In the first part of this article a more general DEI equation was derived using simple concepts. Not only does the new DEI equation explain all the problems that can be done by the DEI equation proposed by Chapman, but also explains the problem that can not be explained with the old DEI equation, such as the noise background caused by the small angle scattering reflected by the analyzer. In the second part, a DEI-PI-CT formula has been proposed and the contour contrast caused by the extinction of refraction beam has been qualitatively explained, and then based on the work of Ando's group two formulae of refraction CT with DEI method has been proposed. Combining one refraction CT formula proposed by Dilmanian with the two refraction CT formulae proposed by us, the whole framework of CT algorithm can be made to reconstruct three components of the gradient of refractive index. (authors)

[en] The activity concentrations of uranium and toxic elements in Dei-Dei borehole, Kubwa borehole, Water Board and hand-dug well water samples in Abuja area were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) system. The results obtained were used to calculate human radiological risk over lifetime consumption by the inhabitants in the area. The activity concentrations of ²³⁸U in all the water supplies for drinking ranges from 0.849 mBq L⁻¹ to 2.699 mBq L⁻¹ with the highest value of 2.699 mBq L⁻¹ noted at Dei-Dei borehole whereas the lowest value of 0.849 mBq L⁻¹ was noted in Kubwa borehole. The highest annual effective dose from natural ²³⁸U in all the water samples was found in Dei-Dei borehole with a value of 8.9×10⁻⁵ mSv y⁻¹ whereas the lowest value was noted in Kubwa borehole with a value of 2.8×10⁻⁵ mSv y⁻¹. The radiological risks for cancer mortality were found distinctly low, with the highest value of 1.01×10⁻⁷ reported at Dei-Dei borehole compared to Kubwa borehole with a value of 3.01×10⁻⁸. The cancer morbidity risk was noted higher in Dei-Dei borehole with a value of 1.55×10⁻⁷ whereas lower value of 4.88×10⁻⁹ was reported in Kubwa borehole. The chemical toxicity risk of ²³⁸U in drinking water over a lifetime consumption has a value of 0.006 μg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ in Dei-Dei borehole whereas lower value of 0.002 μg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ was found in Kubwa borehole. Measured lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) concentrations reported higher in Water Board compared to Dei-Dei and Kubwa borehole samples. Significantly, this study inferred that the ²³⁸U concentrations originate from granitic strata of the tectonic events in the area; thus, there was a trend of diffusion towards north to south and re-deposition towards Dei-Dei area. - Highlights: • The estimation of human radiological risk over lifetime consumption. • Determination of radiological risks. • The annual effective dose of ²³⁸U in drinking water. • Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic pollutants

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[en] The DEIS-collaboration presents final intensity and charge ratio spectra of horizontal cosmic ray muons measured in the Kiel-Tel Aviv apparatus DEIS. An extensive analysis including systematic error-treatment has been performed on all data. 3600 events were left with momenta greater 1 TeV/c. The results confirm classic μ-production from conventional primary spectrum. The power index of the differential parent meson spectrum is increasing from 2.64+-0.01 at Esub(μ)>= 200 GeV to 2.74+-0.02 at Esub(μ)>=700 GeV. The integral charge ratio is 1.23+-0.01 at >=100 GeV and 1.30+-0.05 at >=1.2 TeV

[en] An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is being prepared which considers alternate means for solidifying the high level liquid wastes (HLLW) at the Western New York Nuclear Service Center (WNYNSC). For this purpose three basic scenarios were considered. In the first scenario, the HLLW is converted into terminal waste form of borosilicate glass. Before vitrification, the non-radioactive chemical salts are separated from the radioactive and transuranic (TRU) constituents in the HLLW. In the second scenario, the HLLW is converted into an intermediate form-fused salt. The stored HLLW is dewatered and melted and the solids are transported to a Department of Energy (DOE) site. The fused salt will be processed of the DOE site at a later date where it will be converted to a vitrified form in a facility that will be constructed to treat HLLW stored at that site. The vitrified salt will be eventually removed for permanent disposal at a Federal repository. In the third scenario, the HLLW is solidified in the existing HLLW storage tanks with cement and returned for on-site disposal in the existing tanks or additional tanks as needed to accommodate the volume. To support the EIS, the costs to accomplish each of the alternatives is provided. The purpose of this cost estimate is to provide a common basis to evaluate the expenditures required to immobilize the HLLW presently stored at the WNYNSC

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[en] The DEIS-spectrometer in measuring the horizontal muon flux at sea-level at Tel Aviv. The apparatus consists of 6 solid iron magnets with a total ∫ B.dl = 48 kGm and 30 wire spark chambers with spatial resolution of 0.6 mm, thus providing a mdm of 7 TeV/c. 6 scintillation counters arranged in two telescopes give a total acceptance of 1500 cm²sr. (author)