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The legend about Yusuf and Zulaikha for centuries was one of the most commonly used and favorite themes in the East, especially in Turkic literature. The life story of Prophet Joseph, as told in Torah (Genesis, 37-50) and the 12th surah... more
The legend about Yusuf and Zulaikha for centuries was one of the most commonly used and favorite themes in the East, especially in Turkic literature. The life story of Prophet Joseph, as told in Torah (Genesis, 37-50) and the 12th surah of the Holy Qur`an, served as the inspiration for this theme. With time, the original version of this parable, given in the sacred books, underwent changes. However, the main motifs were preserved and reflected in literary works. It is known that since the XIII century in the literature of the Turkic-speaking peoples, there have been more than fifty works of “Yusuf and Zulaikha” written in verse or prose. The poem “Qissa-i Yusuf” by Qul Ali is considered the first work on this theme in Turkic literature. “Qissa-i Yusuf” is the only work of the poet known to science, and, according to a number of scientists, the language of the poem is closer to the language of the Kypchak and Oguz Turks. This article is dedicated to the research of the primary sources of “Qissa-i Yusuf” and gives a brief overview of the poem. The result of research showed that Qul Ali took Sura Yusuf as a basis and also turned to folklore and folk art. Based on the examples given from the poem, it became known that the poet included in his work some episodes that took place in the Torah and in many commentaries on Surah Yusuf, including Tafsiri-Tabari, Tafsiri-Kabir by Fakhr ad-Din Razi, Muhammad Masoud Ayashi or Abulhasana Ali Qumi, as well as the 11th century poet Abu Bakr Atik Nishapuri, known as Surabadi.
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In Azerbaijan, which has an ancient and rich culture, library culture existed from ancient times. With the development of science and education in Azerbaijan in the 19th century, new libraries established and public libraries and reading... more
In Azerbaijan, which has an ancient and rich culture, library culture existed from ancient times. With the development of science and education in Azerbaijan in the 19th century, new libraries established and public libraries and reading halls were opened in Shamakhi and Shusha in 1859, in Ganja in 1868, in Guba, Lankaran, Nakhchivan in 1887, in Baku in 1894. However, unfortunately, these institutions could not fully function due to the lack of books, and the number of those who have opened their institutions decreased due to the indifference of the Muslim population to science and education and the lack of access to reading rooms. During the Second World War and as a result of the political events in 1917-1918, libraries and reading rooms in Azerbaijan, including Baku, had to cease to operate. The government of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, which came to power in a very difficult situation, understood the importance of this issue and paid great attention to the development of library work. Libraries were being created in all educational institutions of the country. The Collector Library was created under the Ministry of Public Education in August 1918 and two large libraries - the Public Library named after M.A. Sabir and the Scientific Library of Baku University were created in 1919. Unfortunately, the genocide that our people experienced in 1918-1920, the problems created by internal and external enemies, the economic difficulties and political tensions in the early 1920s caused a significant problem and the problems such as the library and reading room had been left aside. However, bringing the importance of libraries and reading rooms to the public's attention as a factor that will affect the general outlook and literacy of the Azerbaijani intellectuals, ensuring the establishment of such libraries and reading rooms in remote areas can be considered a great success as an indicator of the level of progress, knowledge and culture of the Azerbaijani people.
Nevertheless, the Azerbaijani intellectuals managed to bring to the public attention the importance of libraries and reading rooms as leverage to the general worldview, and the growth of the population's enlightenment. The opening of libraries and reading rooms in the most remote corners is evidence of progress, growth of knowledge and enhancement of the culture of the Azerbaijani people, which undoubtedly should be regarded as a huge success. The article examines the activities of libraries and reading rooms in Azerbaijan in the period from 1876 to 1920 with reference to periodicals of the late XIX - early XX centuries, the existing problems, and the causes of these problems were explained.
Nevertheless, the Azerbaijani intellectuals managed to bring to the public attention the importance of libraries and reading rooms as leverage to the general worldview, and the growth of the population's enlightenment. The opening of libraries and reading rooms in the most remote corners is evidence of progress, growth of knowledge and enhancement of the culture of the Azerbaijani people, which undoubtedly should be regarded as a huge success. The article examines the activities of libraries and reading rooms in Azerbaijan in the period from 1876 to 1920 with reference to periodicals of the late XIX - early XX centuries, the existing problems, and the causes of these problems were explained.
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Turkish literature is one of the great literatures of mankind. The life and works of Turkish poets have been extensively studied since the beginning of the 19th century. However, there are some representatives of Turkish literature, both... more
Turkish literature is one of the great literatures of mankind. The life and works of Turkish poets have been extensively studied since the beginning of the 19th century. However, there are some representatives of Turkish literature, both Diwan poetry (13th -17th centuries) and National period (18th-20th centuries), whose names are known only to some experts in this field. One of such poets is Feyzullah Sajit Ulku, the poet, translator and one of the founders of the organization “Turk Ojaghi” (the Turkish Hearth).
Feyzullah Sajit, fluent in Arabic, Persian and French, began publishing his poetry in 1908. His first collection of poems was published in 1914, under the title “Ordumuza Armaghan” (A Gift For Our Army). Feyzullah Sajit, being in Baku in 1919-1920, published his poems in the newspapers “Azerbaijan” and “Yeni Dunya” (the New World) and in the magazines “Gurtulush” (the Salvation) and “Fugara Fuyuzati” (For The Benefit Of The Poor). Also, the poetry collection “Faryad” (the Scream), dedicated to Muslim refugees from Aydin, Zangezur and Nakhchivan, faced with the atrocities of Armenian bandits, was published in 1920.
Unfortunately, most of the poems of F.Sajit have not yet been presented to the readers and researchers. Many poems that are not included in the published books of the poet are still waiting for their researchers on the pages of Turkish magazines “Hiyaban” (the Street), “Mehtap” (the Moonlight), “Damla” (the Drop), “Ulku”, “Yeni Adam” (the New Man), also in the Azerbaijan press of the years 1918-1920.
This article is devoted to the study of the life and works of Feyzullah Sajit Ulku. Also, in the article, the poems by F.Sajit, published in the Azerbaijan press in 1919-1920 and in “Faryad” poetry collection.
Feyzullah Sajit, fluent in Arabic, Persian and French, began publishing his poetry in 1908. His first collection of poems was published in 1914, under the title “Ordumuza Armaghan” (A Gift For Our Army). Feyzullah Sajit, being in Baku in 1919-1920, published his poems in the newspapers “Azerbaijan” and “Yeni Dunya” (the New World) and in the magazines “Gurtulush” (the Salvation) and “Fugara Fuyuzati” (For The Benefit Of The Poor). Also, the poetry collection “Faryad” (the Scream), dedicated to Muslim refugees from Aydin, Zangezur and Nakhchivan, faced with the atrocities of Armenian bandits, was published in 1920.
Unfortunately, most of the poems of F.Sajit have not yet been presented to the readers and researchers. Many poems that are not included in the published books of the poet are still waiting for their researchers on the pages of Turkish magazines “Hiyaban” (the Street), “Mehtap” (the Moonlight), “Damla” (the Drop), “Ulku”, “Yeni Adam” (the New Man), also in the Azerbaijan press of the years 1918-1920.
This article is devoted to the study of the life and works of Feyzullah Sajit Ulku. Also, in the article, the poems by F.Sajit, published in the Azerbaijan press in 1919-1920 and in “Faryad” poetry collection.
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The legend about Yusuf and Zulaikha was one of the commonly used and favorite themes in Persian literature. The basis of this theme was taken from the life story of Prophet Joseph, narrated in Torah (Genesis, 37-50) and the 12th surah of... more
The legend about Yusuf and Zulaikha was one of the commonly used and favorite themes in Persian literature. The basis of this theme was taken from the life story of Prophet Joseph, narrated in Torah (Genesis, 37-50) and the 12th surah of Holy Qur`an. With time, the original version of this parable, given in the sacred books, underwent changes. Though, the main motifs were preserved and reflected in literary works. The first Yusuf and Zuleikha poem in Persian literature is the masnawi attributed to Ferdowsi, the famous Iranian poet of the X-XI centuries. This paper dedicated to research of the primary sources of parables narrated in this masnawi. Also, these parables are analyzed in comparison with the commentaries on the surah Yusuf.
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According to the traditions of classical Eastern literature, usually, in Masnawi (poem) before the transition to the main story, there is an introductory part, the main components of which are “Tawhid” - about the unity of God, “Munajat”... more
According to the traditions of classical Eastern literature, usually, in Masnawi (poem) before the transition to the main story, there is an introductory part, the main components of which are “Tawhid” - about the unity of God, “Munajat” – an appeal to God and a plea for God, “Na’t” – the praise of the Prophet and “Sebeb-i nazm” - the reason for creation of the
poem. From this point of view, poems on the theme “Yusif and Zulaikha” in Eastern literature, including Turkic speaking nations, are no exception.
The legend about Yusif and Zulaikha was one of the commonly used and favorite themes in Turkish literature. The basis of this theme was taken from
the life story of Prophet Joseph, narrated in Torah and in Holy Qur`an. There is given all Joseph’s life in Torah – from birth to his death. And, in Qur’an, unlike stories of other Prophets, the details of which are scattered throughout the Holy Qur`an, the history of Prophet Joseph was revealed completely in one surah. With time, the original version of this parable, given in the sacred books, underwent changes. Though, the main motifs were preserved and reflected in literary works.
According to researches, there were written 68 poems on this theme in Turkish literature, 20 of which were in Azerbaijani Turkic. The first work on this theme in Azerbaijani Turkic literature is “Qissa-i Yusif” of Qul Ali (13th century). After Qul Ali, there was written the poem “Yusif and Zulaikha” by the Crimean-Tatar poet Mahmoud Crimly, which remained unfinished because of the author’s death. This poem was later completed and translated by Azerbaijani Turkic poet Haliloglu Ali. Mustafa Zarir, a famous poet and prose writer of the 14th century also wrote the poem of the same name. In the 15th century Ahmedi and Shams, two poets from Tabriz were turned to this theme too. This paper dedicated to the research of “Sebeb-i nazm” (the reason for creation) of Qul Ali`s “Qissa-i Yusif”, “Yusif and Zulaikha” poems by Khaliloghlu Ali and Mustafa Zarir, as well as poems of the same name by Ahmadi and Shams.
poem. From this point of view, poems on the theme “Yusif and Zulaikha” in Eastern literature, including Turkic speaking nations, are no exception.
The legend about Yusif and Zulaikha was one of the commonly used and favorite themes in Turkish literature. The basis of this theme was taken from
the life story of Prophet Joseph, narrated in Torah and in Holy Qur`an. There is given all Joseph’s life in Torah – from birth to his death. And, in Qur’an, unlike stories of other Prophets, the details of which are scattered throughout the Holy Qur`an, the history of Prophet Joseph was revealed completely in one surah. With time, the original version of this parable, given in the sacred books, underwent changes. Though, the main motifs were preserved and reflected in literary works.
According to researches, there were written 68 poems on this theme in Turkish literature, 20 of which were in Azerbaijani Turkic. The first work on this theme in Azerbaijani Turkic literature is “Qissa-i Yusif” of Qul Ali (13th century). After Qul Ali, there was written the poem “Yusif and Zulaikha” by the Crimean-Tatar poet Mahmoud Crimly, which remained unfinished because of the author’s death. This poem was later completed and translated by Azerbaijani Turkic poet Haliloglu Ali. Mustafa Zarir, a famous poet and prose writer of the 14th century also wrote the poem of the same name. In the 15th century Ahmedi and Shams, two poets from Tabriz were turned to this theme too. This paper dedicated to the research of “Sebeb-i nazm” (the reason for creation) of Qul Ali`s “Qissa-i Yusif”, “Yusif and Zulaikha” poems by Khaliloghlu Ali and Mustafa Zarir, as well as poems of the same name by Ahmadi and Shams.
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Family and feminine issues were among the topics the intellectual and progressive people mostly discussed at the beginning of the XX c. During those years Azerbaijani media played a significant role in the fight for the women’s rights.... more
Family and feminine issues were among the topics the intellectual and progressive people mostly discussed at the beginning of the XX c. During those years Azerbaijani media played a significant role in the fight for the women’s rights. The first feminine issue in Azerbaijani Turkish-language media was raised in the newspaper “Shargi-Rus” in 1903, afterwards, other newspapers such as “Hayat”, “Irshad”, “Yeni Irshad”, “Taraggi” published articles about women’s illiteracy and ways to eliminate this illiteracy. “Molla Nasraddin” magazine bravely fought against religious fanatics and published satiric articles and caricatures in order for the women to have the same rights as the men and take off their veils. The most substantial event related to this issue was the publication of women’s newspaper “Ishig” published in 1911.
The editor-in-chief was Kh. Alibekova. However, the newspaper which was criticized by progressive-intellectual minded people for its liberalism, and by religious community for demands of women’s rights, stopped being published after 47 issues. The time proved that the efforts of the prominent social-political and even some religious figures of Azerbaijan were not ineffective. After all, the women who fought for their rights began to appear in the social and political life frequently, and as a result of their joint struggle, they were able to get the right of education, social activity and even the right to elect and be elected.
The editor-in-chief was Kh. Alibekova. However, the newspaper which was criticized by progressive-intellectual minded people for its liberalism, and by religious community for demands of women’s rights, stopped being published after 47 issues. The time proved that the efforts of the prominent social-political and even some religious figures of Azerbaijan were not ineffective. After all, the women who fought for their rights began to appear in the social and political life frequently, and as a result of their joint struggle, they were able to get the right of education, social activity and even the right to elect and be elected.
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Research Interests:
The basis of the Legend about Joseph the Beautiful was taken from the life story of Prophet Joseph, narrated in Torah (Genesis, 37-50) and the 12th surah (chapter) of Holy Qur`an. There is given all Joseph’s life in the Torah – from birth... more
The basis of the Legend about Joseph the Beautiful was taken from the life story of Prophet Joseph, narrated in Torah (Genesis, 37-50) and the 12th surah (chapter) of Holy Qur`an. There is given all Joseph’s life in the Torah – from birth to his death. And, in Qur’an unlike stories of other Prophets, the details of which are scattered throughout the Holy Qur`an, the history of Prophet Joseph was revealed completely in one surah.
This article explores the location of the tomb of the Prophet Joseph based on the Sacred Books, as well as scientific and religious literature. The study shows that the location of the Prophet Joseph`s tomb is still controversial. Muslims believe that the tomb of the Prophet Joseph is located about 35 km south of Jerusalem, the Cave of the Patriarchs (also called the Cave of Machpelah), placed in the ancient city of Hebron. Jews, as well as some Christian scholars, claim that the Prophet Joseph`s tomb is located in a grave on the outskirts of the city of Nablus on the West Bank, 300 meters northwest of Jacob`s Well. Neither Jewish, Christian, nor Islamic sources until the 5th century have information about the existence of this grave, although the tomb has been revered by Jews, Samaritans, Christians, and Muslims for centuries. Many archaeologists believe that a Muslim saint named Yusuf Al-Duveykat is buried in this tomb, and the burial is not so ancient. Hassan Al-Shaqa, the mayor of Nablus stated the need to conduct an international inquiry into the presence of bones in the grave. And if the discovered bones belong to the Prophet Joseph, this place will be considered burial place attributed to Biblical personality, and the Jews will have the full legal right to visit this tomb. In 2009-2010 the tomb was refurbished, a new cupola installed, and visits by Jewish pilgrims have resumed. Currently, groups of Jewish worshippers are regularly delivered to the tomb of Joseph by agreement with the Israel Defense Forces.
This article explores the location of the tomb of the Prophet Joseph based on the Sacred Books, as well as scientific and religious literature. The study shows that the location of the Prophet Joseph`s tomb is still controversial. Muslims believe that the tomb of the Prophet Joseph is located about 35 km south of Jerusalem, the Cave of the Patriarchs (also called the Cave of Machpelah), placed in the ancient city of Hebron. Jews, as well as some Christian scholars, claim that the Prophet Joseph`s tomb is located in a grave on the outskirts of the city of Nablus on the West Bank, 300 meters northwest of Jacob`s Well. Neither Jewish, Christian, nor Islamic sources until the 5th century have information about the existence of this grave, although the tomb has been revered by Jews, Samaritans, Christians, and Muslims for centuries. Many archaeologists believe that a Muslim saint named Yusuf Al-Duveykat is buried in this tomb, and the burial is not so ancient. Hassan Al-Shaqa, the mayor of Nablus stated the need to conduct an international inquiry into the presence of bones in the grave. And if the discovered bones belong to the Prophet Joseph, this place will be considered burial place attributed to Biblical personality, and the Jews will have the full legal right to visit this tomb. In 2009-2010 the tomb was refurbished, a new cupola installed, and visits by Jewish pilgrims have resumed. Currently, groups of Jewish worshippers are regularly delivered to the tomb of Joseph by agreement with the Israel Defense Forces.
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Research Interests:
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Persian literature is one of the great literatures of mankind. The life and work of poets, who write in Persian, have been extensively studied since the beginning of the 19th century. However, there are some representatives of Persian... more
Persian literature is one of the great literatures of mankind. The life and work of poets, who write in Persian, have been extensively studied since the beginning of the 19th century. However, there are some representatives of Persian literature, whose names are known only to some experts in this field. One of such poets is Shahab Turshizi, the poet from Khorasan, lived in the Zand and Qajar period. There is too little information about the life of Shahab Turshizi in the primary sources. Also, there are only a few manuscript copies of the poet`s works. The scientific studies about Shahab Turshizi have begun with the objection of the famous Iranian historian and writer Muhit Tabatabai to the mention Shahab Turshizi in the school textbooks. After the Tabatabai`s protest, a prominent Iranian poet and Professor of Literature Muhammad-Taqi Bahar wrote the first scientific article about Shahab. In addition to M.Tabatabai and M.Bahar, some Iranian researchers as Muhammad Gahraman, Ali Bozorgniya and others have investigated the life and works of Shahab Turshizi. Only two works of the poet were published. The poem “Yusuf and Zulaiykha” was published by Mir Hashem Muhaddis in Tehran in 2000. Shahab`s Diwan (collection of poems) was published by Afghan scholar Homayoun Bakhtani on the basis of two manuscripts in 2013 in Kabul. In this study, Shahab Turshizi`s life and oeuvre have been surveyed on the basis of primary sources as Lutf`ali Baig Bigdili`s Atashkadeh (“Temple of fire”), Rezagoli Khan Hedayat`s “Riyadhul Arefin” (“The gardens of the Mystics”) and “Majma`ul Fusaha” (“The meeting place of the eloquent”), and scientific articles by modern researchers. There is given information about Shahab`s Diwan, his books as “Bahram-nameh” (“The Book of Bahram”), “Yusuf and Zulaikha”, “Khosrov and Shirin”, “Qisse-i Haji Rahim khan”, “Mulhid-nameh” (“The Book of the Heretic”), “Murad-nameh” (“The Book of Murad”) and “Tazkirat ash-Shuara” (“Biographies of the Poets”).
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In this study, the life of Qovsi have been surveyed on the basis of primary sources as Sam Mirza`s Tuhfe-i Sami, Kerbalai Hafiz Hussein Tabrizi`s Ravzat al-Jinan and Jannat al-Cinan, Mirza Muhammad Nasrabadi`s Tezkire, Nur Hasan Han`s... more
In this study, the life of Qovsi have been surveyed on the basis of
primary sources as Sam Mirza`s Tuhfe-i Sami, Kerbalai Hafiz Hussein
Tabrizi`s Ravzat al-Jinan and Jannat al-Cinan, Mirza Muhammad
Nasrabadi`s Tezkire, Nur Hasan Han`s Nigaristan-i Suhen and Qovsi
Tabrizi`s own poems. Qovsi`s Diwan (collection of poems) in Turkish,
prepared by Pasha Karimov on the basis of Baku, Tiflis, London, İstanbul,
Mashhad və Tabriz manuscript copies and published in 2012 in Baku have been investigated, and some couplets, written by Qovsi using The Prophet Joseph story, given in Qur`an and its interpretations, have been analyzed.
primary sources as Sam Mirza`s Tuhfe-i Sami, Kerbalai Hafiz Hussein
Tabrizi`s Ravzat al-Jinan and Jannat al-Cinan, Mirza Muhammad
Nasrabadi`s Tezkire, Nur Hasan Han`s Nigaristan-i Suhen and Qovsi
Tabrizi`s own poems. Qovsi`s Diwan (collection of poems) in Turkish,
prepared by Pasha Karimov on the basis of Baku, Tiflis, London, İstanbul,
Mashhad və Tabriz manuscript copies and published in 2012 in Baku have been investigated, and some couplets, written by Qovsi using The Prophet Joseph story, given in Qur`an and its interpretations, have been analyzed.
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Research Interests:
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A parable about the love of Moslem to the Christian maiden is one of the widespread themes have been used in Azerbaijan classic and modern literature. This theme is based on a khadis and legend in which a protagonist was named Sheikh... more
A parable about the love of Moslem to the Christian maiden is one of the widespread themes have been used in Azerbaijan classic and modern literature. This theme is based on a khadis and legend in which a protagonist was named Sheikh Abdurrazzag or Ibn Sagga. The name of Sheikh Sanan firstly was used in the well-known poem “Mantik al-Tayr” (“The Conference of the Birds”) written by the mystic Farid al-Din Attar Nishaburi.
This monograph is devoted to the research of original source of this parable, using of the theme of this parable in classical and modern Azerbaijani poetry, also to the comparative analysis of the various works of the same name in Azerbaijani literature.
This monograph is devoted to the research of original source of this parable, using of the theme of this parable in classical and modern Azerbaijani poetry, also to the comparative analysis of the various works of the same name in Azerbaijani literature.
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The legend about the love of Muslim sheikh to the Christian maiden is one of the widespread theme used in the literature of Near and Middle East. This legend based on a khadis firstly was used by well-known Persian mystic Farid al-Din... more
The legend about the love of Muslim sheikh to the Christian maiden is one of the widespread theme used in the literature of Near and Middle East. This legend based on a khadis firstly was used by well-known Persian mystic Farid al-Din Attar Nishaburi in his poem "Mantik al-Tayr" ("The Conference of the Birds"). After Attar, Sheikh Sanan - the protagonist of the story has been respectfully and repeatedly remembered and praised by some classical Eastern and Azerbaijani poets. One of the epic works devoted to this theme is "Sheikh Sanan" verse story written by an anonymous author in XVIII century. The monograph investigates this "Shaikh Sanan" story in the philological and textual aspects and it's linguistic and stylistic peculiarities. Also, the transliteration of the text into a Latin-based alphabet on the basis of seven manuscript copies is given here.