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Research Interests: Dentistry, Brazil, Adolescent, Humans, Child, and 16 moreAntimicrobial susceptibility, Anaerobic Bacteria, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Endodontics, Adult, Amoxicillin, Root Canal, Peptostreptococcus, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Dental Pulp Cavity, Bifidobacterium, Fusobacterium Necrophorum, PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS, and Penicillin G(Antimicrobial susceptibility, Anaerobic Bacteria, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Endodontics, Adult, Amoxicillin, Root Canal, Peptostreptococcus, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Dental Pulp Cavity, Bifidobacterium, Fusobacterium Necrophorum, PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS, and Penicillin G)
(Antimicrobial susceptibility, Anaerobic Bacteria, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Endodontics, Adult, Amoxicillin, Root Canal, Peptostreptococcus, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Dental Pulp Cavity, Bifidobacterium, Fusobacterium Necrophorum, PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS, and Penicillin G)
Research Interests: Dentistry, Biofilms, Microsurgery, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Humans, and 15 moreFemale, Follow-up studies, Gram Positive Bacteria, Endodontics, Adult, Scanning Electron Microscope, Actinomyces, Root Canal, Peptostreptococcus, Root Canal Filling Materials, Retrograde Obturation, Oxides, Calcium Compounds, Silicates, and Tooth Nonvital
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Research Interests: Humans, Root Canal Irrigants, Bond Strength, Epoxy Resins, Sodium Hypochlorite, and 12 moreMechanical Stress, Endodontics, Composite resins, Chlorhexidine, Dentin, Root Canal Filling Materials, Dental Pulp Cavity, Dental Stress Analysis, Dental Bonding, Materials Testing, Edetic Acid, and Therapeutic Irrigation
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This study examined similarities in the microbiology of initial, and subsequent, infections in different dental root canals in the same patient. In the initial infections, 61.5% of root canals had anaerobes present compared with 54% of... more
This study examined similarities in the microbiology of initial, and subsequent, infections in different dental root canals in the same patient. In the initial infections, 61.5% of root canals had anaerobes present compared with 54% of root canals treated subsequently. Commercial identification kits were employed in speciation of isolates. Both sets of dental root canals had in common Peptostreptococcus micros, Eubacterium lentum and Veillonella parvula as species very commonly isolated. In addition Prevotella spp. tended to be present in both initial and subsequently infected teeth in the same patient (P=0.01); this was true of Gram-negative bacteria in general (P=0.03). A significant association was observed between the type of tooth infected at an initial and subsequent infection in the same mouth (P=0.01). In conclusion, there is an association between bacteria isolated from initial endodontically infected teeth and subsequent infected root canals in a patient.
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Procedural accidents have a negative effect on healing and might contribute to the persistence of infections in inaccessible apical areas, requiring surgical intervention. This report describes a case of persistent apical periodontitis of... more
Procedural accidents have a negative effect on healing and might contribute to the persistence of infections in inaccessible apical areas, requiring surgical intervention. This report describes a case of persistent apical periodontitis of a lower left first molar associated with the sinus tract and a periapical lesion that required nonsurgical endodontic retreatment and apical surgery for resolution.The tooth had received endodontic treatment 3 years ago and had to be retreated using the crown-down technique with chemical auxiliary substance (2% chlorhexidine gel), foramen patency, and enlargement and was filled in a single appointment. The occlusal access cavity was immediately restored with composite resin. After 1 month, it could be observed that the sinus tract persisted and, radiographically, the lesion remained unaltered. Therefore, endodontic microsurgery was indicated. Apical microsurgery was performed under magnification with the use of a dental operating microscope including apicectomy, root end with ultrasound, and sealing with mineral trioxide aggregate. A microbiological sample was collected from the apical lesion. The resected distal root apex was observed by scanning electron microscopy.The following species were detected: Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces meyeri, Propionibacterium propionicum, Clostridium botullinum, Parvimonas micra, and Bacteroides ureolyticus; scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed bacterial biofilm surrounding the apical foramen and external radicular surface. Gutta-percha overfilling at the apex because of a zip caused during initial endodontic treatment could be observed. A 6-month follow-up showed apparent radiographic periapical healing, which progressed after 24 months.Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria and extraradicular biofilm seem to participate in the maintenance of persistent periapical pathology, and endodontic retreatment followed by periapical microsurgery proved to be a successful alternative in the resolution of persistent extraradicular infections.
Research Interests: Dentistry, Biofilms, Microsurgery, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Humans, and 15 moreFemale, Follow-up studies, Gram Positive Bacteria, Endodontics, Adult, Scanning Electron Microscope, Actinomyces, Root Canal, Peptostreptococcus, Root Canal Filling Materials, Retrograde Obturation, Oxides, Calcium Compounds, Silicates, and Tooth Nonvital
The aim of this work was to characterize the by-products formed in the associations between the most commonly used irrigants in endodontic practice through electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses.... more
The aim of this work was to characterize the by-products formed in the associations between the most commonly used irrigants in endodontic practice through electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (0.16%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5.25%) was associated with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) solution and gel, 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid, 37% phosphoric acid, saline solution, ethanol, and distilled water. CHX solution and gel were also associated with all above mentioned irrigants. The solutions were mixed in a 1:1 ratio, and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to characterize the precipitates when formed. CHX produced an orange-brown precipitate when associated with NaOCl from 1%-5.25% and an orange-white precipitate when associated with 0.16% NaOCl. When associated with EDTA, CHX produced a white milky precipitate, and when associated with saline solution and ethanol, a salt precipitation was produced. No precipitation was observed when CHX was associated with citric acid, phosphoric acid, or distilled water. In the NaOCl associations, precipitation occurred only when CHX was present. The orange-brown precipitate observed in the association between CHX and NaOCl occurs because of the presence of NaOCl, an oxidizing agent causing chlorination of the guanidino nitrogens of the CHX. The precipitates formed in the reaction of CHX with EDTA, saline solution, and ethanol were associated with acid-base reactions, salting-out process, and lower solubility, respectively. NaOCl associated with EDTA, citric acid, and phosphoric acid leads mainly to chlorine gas formation. Intermediate flushes with distilled water seem to be appropriate to prevent or at least reduce formation of by-products.
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Endodontic therapy is indicated for cases of traumatic tooth dislocation associated with pulp necrosis and/or inflammatory resorption. Here we describe the management of a maxillary left lateral permanent incisor that suffered lateral... more
Endodontic therapy is indicated for cases of traumatic tooth dislocation associated with pulp necrosis and/or inflammatory resorption. Here we describe the management of a maxillary left lateral permanent incisor that suffered lateral luxation, leading to pulp necrosis and root resorption, in a 13-year-old boy. The traumatized tooth was treated successfully by intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide, 2% chlorhexidine gel and zinc oxide for 12 months without any need to change the dressing, followed by conventional root canal filling. The postoperative course was uneventful and a stable clinical outcome was obtained with evidence of periapical lesion repair and stabilization of the resorption process.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pretreatment of gel chlorhexidine and ethanol on the bond strength and durability of the adhesion of the fiber post relined with resin composite to the root dentin. Sixty bovine... more
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pretreatment of gel chlorhexidine and ethanol on the bond strength and durability of the adhesion of the fiber post relined with resin composite to the root dentin. Sixty bovine incisor roots were divided into four groups: irrigation with physiologic solution (control), 5 minutes with chlorhexidine, 1 minute with ethanol, and 5 minutes with chlorhexidine followed by 1 minute with ethanol. Fiber posts relined with resin composite were cemented with RelyX ARC (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN) and a self-etching adhesive system Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Kurashiki, Japan). Each group was randomly divided into three subgroups: 24 hours of water storage, 12 months of water storage, and 12 months of oil storage. All roots were sectioned transversely in the coronal, middle, and apical regions, producing 1-mm thick slices, and the push-out test was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and the Tukey test for post hoc comparisons (α = 0.05). Immediate groups showed similar bond strength values with or without chlorhexidine and/or ethanol pretreatment (P > .05). A significant decrease in the bond strength in the control group was observed after 12 months of storage in water and oil (P < .05). The use of chlorhexidine- and/or ethanol-preserved bond strength in the groups stored in water and oil for 12 months (P < .05). Chlorhexidine and/or ethanol pretreatment were capable of preserving the bond strength of the fiber post relined with resin composite to root dentin for 12 months.
Research Interests: Dentistry, Water, Glass, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Soil Cementation, and 19 moreAnimals, Ethanol, Root Canal Irrigants, Cattle, Mineral Oil, Mechanical Stress, Endodontics, Composite resins, Time Factors, Surface Properties, Chlorhexidine, Dental Pulp Cavity, Dental Stress Analysis, Dental Bonding, Materials Testing, Polyethylene Glycols, Resin Cements, Solvents, and Random Allocation(Animals, Ethanol, Root Canal Irrigants, Cattle, Mineral Oil, Mechanical Stress, Endodontics, Composite resins, Time Factors, Surface Properties, Chlorhexidine, Dental Pulp Cavity, Dental Stress Analysis, Dental Bonding, Materials Testing, Polyethylene Glycols, Resin Cements, Solvents, and Random Allocation)
(Animals, Ethanol, Root Canal Irrigants, Cattle, Mineral Oil, Mechanical Stress, Endodontics, Composite resins, Time Factors, Surface Properties, Chlorhexidine, Dental Pulp Cavity, Dental Stress Analysis, Dental Bonding, Materials Testing, Polyethylene Glycols, Resin Cements, Solvents, and Random Allocation)
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To evaluate the colour change in enamel and dentine, promoted by interaction of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Fragments containing enamel and... more
To evaluate the colour change in enamel and dentine, promoted by interaction of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Fragments containing enamel and dentine were obtained from the crowns of extracted bovine incisors. Before and after immersion of the samples in the substances, they were evaluated with reference to the colour of the enamel and dentine. The values obtained in numerical scores were subjected to statistical analysis using Wilcoxon test. A colour change in the enamel and dentine in groups treated with CHX gel + NaOCl and CHX gel + NaOCl + EDTA, and a change in colour only in the dentine in groups treated with CHX solution + NaOCl and CHX solution + NaOCl + EDTA. When used prior to NaOCl, CHX has the ability to induce a colour change in dental structures.
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Research Interests: Materials Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Plant Biology, Titanium, and 34 moreEthnopharmacology, Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, Pharmacognosy, Nuclear Materials, Democratic Republic of Congo, Field emission, Essential Oil, Phytotherapy, In Vitro, Grain size, Barium strontium titanate, Poaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis, Gram Positive Bacteria, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Antibacterial activity, Gram-negative bacteria, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Seeds, Dielectric Loss, Dielectric Constant, Particle Size, Plant species, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Chemical Composition, Biological activity, Extract, Leaves, Eucalyptus Globulus, Medicinal Plant, Replica Method, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steel(Ethnopharmacology, Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, Pharmacognosy, Nuclear Materials, Democratic Republic of Congo, Field emission, Essential Oil, Phytotherapy, In Vitro, Grain size, Barium strontium titanate, Poaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis, Gram Positive Bacteria, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Antibacterial activity, Gram-negative bacteria, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Seeds, Dielectric Loss, Dielectric Constant, Particle Size, Plant species, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Chemical Composition, Biological activity, Extract, Leaves, Eucalyptus Globulus, Medicinal Plant, Replica Method, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steel)
(Ethnopharmacology, Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, Pharmacognosy, Nuclear Materials, Democratic Republic of Congo, Field emission, Essential Oil, Phytotherapy, In Vitro, Grain size, Barium strontium titanate, Poaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis, Gram Positive Bacteria, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Antibacterial activity, Gram-negative bacteria, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Seeds, Dielectric Loss, Dielectric Constant, Particle Size, Plant species, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Chemical Composition, Biological activity, Extract, Leaves, Eucalyptus Globulus, Medicinal Plant, Replica Method, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steel)
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vivo the biocompatibility of Endométhasone, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT and AH-Plus root canal sealers after implantation in rat connective tissue. Twenty-four Wistar-Furth rats were used.... more
The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vivo the biocompatibility of Endométhasone, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT and AH-Plus root canal sealers after implantation in rat connective tissue. Twenty-four Wistar-Furth rats were used. Polyethylene tubes were filled with the sealers and implanted into specific dorsal subdermal tissue sites of the rats. Implants were removed after 3, 7 and 30 days, fixed and processed for glycol methacrylate-embedding technique to be examined microscopically. On the 3rd day, there was a mild inflammatory reaction to Pulp Canal Sealer EWT implants, but a severe response to the other sealers with presence of acute inflammatory cells. On the 7th day, tissue organization was more evident with attenuation of the inflammatory reaction, especially for the AH-Plus implants. On the 30th day, connective tissue with few inflammatory cells was observed in contact with all sealer implants. In this time interval, the tissue in contact with Pulp Canal Sealer EWT implants was more organized, while the tissue close to Endométhasone and AH-Plus implants showed a mild persistent inflammatory reaction and had similar results to each other. In conclusion, the sealers had a similar pattern of irritation, which was more severe in the beginning and milder with time, in such a way that all sealers showed a persistent mild reaction. Pulp Canal Sealer EWT yielded better tissue organization than Endométhasone and AH-Plus, which, in turn, showed similar results to each other.
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Research Interests: Microbiology, Dentistry, Medical Microbiology, Fungi, Applied microbiology, and 33 morePorifera, Multidisciplinary, Biomedical, Vancomycin, In Vitro, Humans, Silver, Animals, Natural Product, Oral Surgery, Bacteria, Nanostructures, Candida albicans, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Plant extracts, Endodontics, Fresh water, Antifungal Agents, Root Canal Filling Materials, Enterococcus faecalis, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Streptomycin, Biological activity, Triazines, Oxides, Calcium Compounds, Silicates, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Antiviral Agents, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Vancomycin resistance, Oral Science, and Thallophyta(Porifera, Multidisciplinary, Biomedical, Vancomycin, In Vitro, Humans, Silver, Animals, Natural Product, Oral Surgery, Bacteria, Nanostructures, Candida albicans, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Plant extracts, Endodontics, Fresh water, Antifungal Agents, Root Canal Filling Materials, Enterococcus faecalis, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Streptomycin, Biological activity, Triazines, Oxides, Calcium Compounds, Silicates, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Antiviral Agents, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Vancomycin resistance, Oral Science, and Thallophyta)
(Porifera, Multidisciplinary, Biomedical, Vancomycin, In Vitro, Humans, Silver, Animals, Natural Product, Oral Surgery, Bacteria, Nanostructures, Candida albicans, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Plant extracts, Endodontics, Fresh water, Antifungal Agents, Root Canal Filling Materials, Enterococcus faecalis, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Streptomycin, Biological activity, Triazines, Oxides, Calcium Compounds, Silicates, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Antiviral Agents, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Vancomycin resistance, Oral Science, and Thallophyta)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of initial endodontic treatment and nonsurgical retreatment performed by an endodontic specialist in his private office. A total of 2,000 teeth were examined clinically and... more
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of initial endodontic treatment and nonsurgical retreatment performed by an endodontic specialist in his private office. A total of 2,000 teeth were examined clinically and radiographically and the results were analyzed statistically by Pearson or Fisher’s Exact test and multivariate logistic regression. The multivariate analysis evaluated joint associations among various factors, using logistic regression models. The dependent variable for this analysis was the dichotomous outcome: healed versus disease. The overall endodontic success rate was 91.45%, and the healed rate was significantly higher for initial endodontic treatments than for nonsurgical retreatments; teeth without lesion than for those with lesions; teeth treated without complications than for those with complications; recall period of 18-24 months than for other periods, and teeth with final coronal restoration than for those without. Of the 1376 teeth treated in the initial endodontic treatment sample, the success rate was 94.0%. Multivariate analysis identified the presence of procedural complications (file breakage, perforation and flare-up), as well as the absence of the restorations at follow-ups as the significant predictors of outcome, showing lower rates of success. Of the 624 teeth in the nonsurgical retreatment sample, 85.9% were successful. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative radiolucency was a strong statistically significant factor to determine lower rates of success than in its absence. Two additional variables (age and tooth type) were found to have a significant influence on the outcome of the retreatment sample. A higher healed rate was observed for the 50-59 years age groups than others, while multirooted (molars) teeth revealed a significantly lower percentage of success than pre-molars and anterior teeth.
Research Interests: Dentistry, Treatment Outcome, Logistic Regression, Multivariate Analysis, Humans, and 15 moreFemale, Male, Statistical Significance, Logistic Regression Analysis, Middle Aged, Endodontics, Adult, Success Rate, Perforation, Retrospective Studies, Root Canal Therapy, Logistic Regression Model, Retrospective Study, Logistic Models, and Age Groups
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The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between endodontic clinical signs and symptoms and the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia or their association by nested polymerase... more
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between endodontic clinical signs and symptoms and the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia or their association by nested polymerase chain reaction assay. Microbial samples were taken from 50 cases with necrotic pulp tissues in primary infections. DNA was extracted from the samples, which were analyzed for the presence of three endodontic pathogens by using species-specific primers. P gingivalis, T denticola, and T forsythia were detected in 46%, 38%, and 22% of the symptomatic cases, respectively. The bacterial complex composed by T forsythia, P gingivalis, and T denticola was found in 14% of the cases with spontaneous pain, tenderness to percussion, swelling, and pain on palpation. The high prevalence of P gingivalis, T denticola, and T forsythia in the samples examined suggests that these bacteria are related to the etiology of symptomatic periradicular diseases.
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This study assessed the prevalence and microbial interactions of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium necrophorum in primary endodontic infections from a Brazilian population and their antimicrobial susceptibility to some antibiotics... more
This study assessed the prevalence and microbial interactions of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium necrophorum in primary endodontic infections from a Brazilian population and their antimicrobial susceptibility to some antibiotics by the E-test. One hundred ten samples from infected teeth with periapical pathologies were analyzed by culture methods. Five hundred eighty individual strains were isolated; 81.4% were strict anaerobes. F. nucleatum was found in 38 root canals and was associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella spp., and Eubacterium spp. F. necrophorum was found in 20 root canals and was associated with Peptostreptococcus prevotii. The simultaneous presence of F. nucleatum and F. necrophorum was not related to endodontic symptoms (p > 0.05). They were 100% susceptible to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, and cephaclor. Fusobacterium spp. is frequently isolated from primary-infected root canals of teeth with periapical pathologies. Amoxicillin is a useful antibiotic against F. nucleatum and F. necrophorum in endodontic infections and has been prescribed as the first choice in Brazil.
Research Interests: Dentistry, Brazil, Adolescent, Humans, Child, and 16 moreAntimicrobial susceptibility, Anaerobic Bacteria, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Endodontics, Adult, Amoxicillin, Root Canal, Peptostreptococcus, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Dental Pulp Cavity, Bifidobacterium, Fusobacterium Necrophorum, PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS, and Penicillin G(Antimicrobial susceptibility, Anaerobic Bacteria, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Endodontics, Adult, Amoxicillin, Root Canal, Peptostreptococcus, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Dental Pulp Cavity, Bifidobacterium, Fusobacterium Necrophorum, PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS, and Penicillin G)
(Antimicrobial susceptibility, Anaerobic Bacteria, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Endodontics, Adult, Amoxicillin, Root Canal, Peptostreptococcus, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Dental Pulp Cavity, Bifidobacterium, Fusobacterium Necrophorum, PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS, and Penicillin G)
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), and MTAD solutions on the surface of gutta-percha and Resilon cones by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Accessory... more
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), and MTAD solutions on the surface of gutta-percha and Resilon cones by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Accessory cones were washed and dried. The cones were randomly divided into six groups: gutta-percha immersed in NaOCl, CHX, and MTAD, and Resilon immersed in NaOCl, CHX, and MTAD. AFM images of the same area were made in different periods of time. JPK™ Image Processing Software was used to evaluate the images. The parameters used to evaluate the changes were RMS and line profiles. No statistically significant change was observed in the RMS values. The line profiles detected changes only for gutta-percha surfaces after immersion in NaOCl and MTAD solutions. In conclusion, 5.25% NaOCl and MTAD are associated with local changes in surface roughness of gutta-percha cones. No change was observed when 2% CHX was used. The use of all tested solutions did not produce any changes on Resilon surface.
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The aim of this work was to evaluate, by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the different irrigation protocols concerning the formation of chemical smear layer (CSL). Fifty-five teeth... more
The aim of this work was to evaluate, by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the different irrigation protocols concerning the formation of chemical smear layer (CSL). Fifty-five teeth were instrumented by using distilled water (DW) as irrigant. Next, the teeth were submitted to a protocol for removal of the mechanical smear layer produced. The teeth were divided into 11 groups, according to irrigation regimen. Then, the teeth were prepared and analyzed with SEM and EDS. Only in Group 1 [1 mL sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) + 10 mL DW + 1 mL chlorhexidine (CHX) solution], Group 2 [1 mL NaOCl + 10 mL DW + 1 mL ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) + 10 mL DW + 1 mL CHX solution], and Group 3 [1 mL NaOCl + 10 mL DW + 1 mL citric acid (CA) + 10 mL DW + 1 mL CHX solution], the formation of CSL was observed. In the groups where CHX gel was used alone or in association with EDTA, CA, phosphoric acid (PA), and CHX solution, no formation of CSL was observed. According to the results found in the cases in which one wants to associate NaOCl with CHX, the protocol using PA (1 mL NaOCl + 10 mL DW + 1 mL PA + 10 mL DW + 1 mL CHX solution) did not induce formation of CSL.
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The aim of this investigation was to study the use of glycol methacrylate (GMA) as an embedding material for rat subcutaneous tissue, which received implants of tubes with endodontic sealer. After fixation, the specimens were dehydrated... more
The aim of this investigation was to study the use of glycol methacrylate (GMA) as an embedding material for rat subcutaneous tissue, which received implants of tubes with endodontic sealer. After fixation, the specimens were dehydrated in a growing alcohol series up to 95%, immersed in infiltration GMA solution and then in embedding solution. The blocks were cut into 3.0 μm sections and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The quality of cell definition and staining allowed a quantitative analysis of the cells infiltrated in the end of the tubes. It was also possible to identify each type of inflammatory cell. Moreover, it was possible to distinguish clearly chronic from acute inflammatory cells. The GMA technique is easy to execute and reproducible, and provides a better definition of tissue cells, thus permitting definition of the degree of the inflammatory process. Therefore, it is an excellent alternative for the evaluation of the biocompatibility of endodontic sealers.