... 6. 7. 8. Grubb, A. Quantitative determination of the distribution of the specific antibodies of anti-sera subjected to gel electrophoresis. Accepted for publication in Immunochemistry. ... Invest. 24, 55, 1969. Laurel], C.-B.... more
... 6. 7. 8. Grubb, A. Quantitative determination of the distribution of the specific antibodies of anti-sera subjected to gel electrophoresis. Accepted for publication in Immunochemistry. ... Invest. 24, 55, 1969. Laurel], C.-B. Purification and properties of different haptoglobins. Clin. Chim. ...
Research Interests: Antibodies, Dogs, Humans, Animals, Clinical Sciences, and 3 moreChemical Precipitation, Agar, and Antigens
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The etiology and significance of flu-like symptoms often appearing before myocardial infarction should be clarified. In a case-control study of 323 matched controls and a random sample of 110 out of 351 cases the presence of infection... more
The etiology and significance of flu-like symptoms often appearing before myocardial infarction should be clarified. In a case-control study of 323 matched controls and a random sample of 110 out of 351 cases the presence of infection symptoms during the preceding four weeks before admission were asked and blood samples taken. Enterovirus (EV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Chlamydia pneumoniae IgA titers were significantly higher in cases than in controls (p<0.001, 0.008 and 0.046, respectively). Flu-like symptoms appeared significantly more often in patients than in controls the most common one being fatigue (p<0.001). In controls with fatigue, EV and HSV titers showed a trend to be higher (1.50 vs 1.45 and 4.29 vs 3.73) than in controls without fatigue but only HSV titers were statistically significantly higher (3.47 vs 3.96, p = 0.02). Even CRP and amyloid A concentrations (3.49 vs 2.08, p<0.0001 and 5.70 vs 3.77 mg/l, p = 0.003, respectively) as well as C4 (0.40 vs 0...
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Efficient use of assessment of urine protein excretion in nephrological practice requires adequate reference intervals. To determine the upper reference limits of urine albumin, protein HC (alpha 1-microglobulin, immunoglobulin G (IgG),... more
Efficient use of assessment of urine protein excretion in nephrological practice requires adequate reference intervals. To determine the upper reference limits of urine albumin, protein HC (alpha 1-microglobulin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), orosomucoid (alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and kappa- and lambda-chain immunoreactivities, the concentrations of these proteins were measured in urine samples from 95 healthy, adult individuals, using rapid, generally available methods and with conditions for urine collection which secured stable protein levels. The obtained values were expressed in mg 1(-1), as the urine protein-creatinine index and as fractional protein-creatinine clearance. No differences were found between the upper reference limits in the first voided morning urine samples and the randomly collected urine samples, nor between the upper reference limits in urine samples collected from males and females. The urinary excretion of the tested proteins did not correlate to age, positive dipsticks for haematuria nor to granular casts in urine sediment. Thus, the same upper reference limits can be used for both sexes and regardless of the type of urine collection. The upper reference limits of urine protein-creatinine index found in this study were: for albumin, 3.8 mg mmol(-1); for protein HC, 0.7 mg mmol; for IgG, 0.8 mg mmol(-1); for orosomucoid, 0.7 mg mmol(-1); for alpha 1-antitrypsin, 0.2 mg mmol(-1), and for kappa-immunoreactivity 0.7 mg mmol(-1). The upper reference limit for lambda-immunoreactivity was below the detection limit.
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Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/cachectin can produce both beneficial and harmful manifestations. Mechanisms may operate to counteract potentially harmful effects such as shock and cachexia. The TNF binding protein (TNF-BP), which is found at... more
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/cachectin can produce both beneficial and harmful manifestations. Mechanisms may operate to counteract potentially harmful effects such as shock and cachexia. The TNF binding protein (TNF-BP), which is found at increased levels in serum and urine of patients with chronic renal failure, may play such a role. TNF-BP was purified 1,000,000-fold to homogeneity from urine of patients with chronic renal failure by use of ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography on TNF-Sepharose and reverse phase chromatography. The purified protein contained only one chain with an apparent Mr on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 30,000. The aminoterminal amino acid sequence D-S-V-X-P-Q-G-K-Y-I-H-P-Q-V-N-S-I-X-K-T revealed no significant homologies with previously described protein sequences. TNF-BP may act as a regulator of the bioactivities of TNF/cachectin.
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Research Interests: Physical Chemistry, Biological Sciences, Humans, Escherichia coli, Biochemical, and 11 moreSodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, cystatin C, Protein Conformation, Glycine, Codon, Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, Recombinant Proteins, Site-directed Mutagenesis, and Molecular Sequence Data
The hydrophilic nonapeptide Ser-Asp-Ala-Arg-Glu-Asn-Ile-Gln-Arg, identical with residues 59-67 of human amyloid protein A (AA) and serum amyloid protein A (SAA), was covalently bound via its carboxyl-terminal end to the carrier-protein... more
The hydrophilic nonapeptide Ser-Asp-Ala-Arg-Glu-Asn-Ile-Gln-Arg, identical with residues 59-67 of human amyloid protein A (AA) and serum amyloid protein A (SAA), was covalently bound via its carboxyl-terminal end to the carrier-protein keyhole limpet haemocyanin. The complex was injected subcutaneously into ten rabbits. All rabbits produced antisera which, unabsorbed, were specific for AA and SAA. The antisera and their isolated peptide specific antibodies were performance-tested and found to be excellent for demonstration of AA and SAA in immunoblotting and immunohistochemical techniques but unsuitable for immunoprecipitation. Since it is difficult to produce AA- and SAA-specific antisera by procedures earlier described and commercial supplies of good such reagents are unavailable, the easy production of sequence-specific such antisera will facilitate more extended studies of the corresponding antigens for diagnostic and scientific purposes.
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The heat production by human plasma in healthy and uraemic subjects has been measured by direct isothermal microcalorimetry. The plasma from uraemic subjects displayed an increased heat production compared to that of normal plasma. The... more
The heat production by human plasma in healthy and uraemic subjects has been measured by direct isothermal microcalorimetry. The plasma from uraemic subjects displayed an increased heat production compared to that of normal plasma. The heat production by plasma from healthy subjects, but not by that from uraemic patients, was both proportional to the amount of thiol groups in the plasma and also to the oxidation of the thiol groups. The oxygen consumption of uraemic plasma was proportional to the heat production. The heat production by samples from uraemic patients was significantly correlated to the plasma concentration of creatinine, whereas no such correlation was found between the concentration of urea and heat production of such samples.
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Research Interests: Multidisciplinary, Humans, Mutation, Escherichia coli, Body Temperature, and 12 moreTemperature Dependence, cystatin C, Protein Conformation, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Biological activity, Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, Recombinant Proteins, Elevated Temperature, Equilibrium Constant, *Hot Temperature, and Molecular Sequence Data
This report concerns six cases of multiple myeloma characterized by either no demonstrable monoclonal immunoglobulin in plasma or urine or by trace amounts (less than or equal to 0.1 g/l) of monoclonal kappa chains in the urine. In all... more
This report concerns six cases of multiple myeloma characterized by either no demonstrable monoclonal immunoglobulin in plasma or urine or by trace amounts (less than or equal to 0.1 g/l) of monoclonal kappa chains in the urine. In all cases there was an infiltration of the bone marrow by plasma cells containing kappa chains but no heavy chains. A retrospective analysis was made of 126 consecutive cases of Bence Jones myeloma. The number of kappa and lambda cases was approximately the same. All cases secreting less than or equal to 0.1 g light chains per 1 urine were of kappa type. This contrasts with a kappa/lambda ratio of 1.4-1.9 among reported series of M-components containing both heavy and light chains. A review of reported cases of non-secretory myeloma revealed a preserved capacity for Ig synthesis in the majority of cases and among these a preponderance of kappa chain producing clones. These observations might be explained by a higher tendency for kappa chain producing cells to mutate to low secretors or to cells producing abnormal light chains which are catabolized rapidly. The clinical data from our patients do not indicate a more pessimistic prognosis in non- or low-secretory myeloma, than in other cases of multiple myeloma.
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Research Interests: Kinetics, Biological Sciences, Humans, Biological, Proteins, and 10 moreSodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Affinity chromatography, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Shell Half-Life, Protease Inhibitors, cystatin C, Molecular weight, Body Fluids, cystatin B, and Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors
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In order to investigate whether patients with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis have an abnormal metabolism of γ-trace in the central nervous system, we measured concentrations of γ-trace in cerebrospinal fluid from nine... more
In order to investigate whether patients with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis have an abnormal metabolism of γ-trace in the central nervous system, we measured concentrations of γ-trace in cerebrospinal fluid from nine patients with the disease, 44 healthy subjects, ...
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GFR-prediction equations based upon cystatin C and creatinine have better diagnostic performance in estimating GFR than equations based upon only one of the two markers. The present work concerns in what way a comparison between separate... more
GFR-prediction equations based upon cystatin C and creatinine have better diagnostic performance in estimating GFR than equations based upon only one of the two markers. The present work concerns in what way a comparison between separate estimations of GFR based upon cystatin C (eGFR(cystatin C)) or creatinine (eGFR(creatinine)) can be used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a combined cystatin C- and creatinine-based estimation of GFR. The difference between eGFR(cystatin C) and eGFR(creatinine) was compared with measured GFR (iohexol clearance) and a combined cystatin C- and creatinine-based estimation of GFR in a Swedish-Caucasian cohort of 857 adult patients. A difference between eGFR(cystatin C) and eGFR(creatinine) of ≥ 40% indicated a markedly reduced diagnostic performance of the combined cystatin C- and creatinine-based estimation of GFR. Comparison of the agreement between eGFR(cystatin C) and eGFR(creatinine) can be used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of combined cystatin C- and creatinine-based estimations of GFR. If &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;threshold values&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; for discordance are exceeded, it must be considered whether the clinical context requires the use of an invasive gold standard method to measure GFR. In some clinical contexts either creatinine or cystatin C are known to be invalidated as markers of GFR and in these situations the use of only the cystatin C- or the creatinine-based GFR estimate should be considered when the &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;threshold values&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; are exceeded.
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As the interest in weak-affinity antibodies has been widened by their introduction to various analytical techniques such as HPLC, capillary electrophoresis and biosensors, there has been a need for new screening/monitoring methods. In... more
As the interest in weak-affinity antibodies has been widened by their introduction to various analytical techniques such as HPLC, capillary electrophoresis and biosensors, there has been a need for new screening/monitoring methods. In this study, weak-affinity chromatography was adopted to screen/monitor directly for monoclonal antibodies in ascites. Monoclonal antibodies against a carbohydrate antigen (maltohexaose) were used to evaluate this approach. In short, malthohexaose was immobilized on an HPLC support in such a configuration to allow, during HPLC, retardation of weak monoclonal antibodies. Based on the retention, the affinity or the avidity, as determined by the presence of multiple binding of the monoclonal antibody towards antigen, can be estimated. In this way it is possible to select clones of hybridomas that produce desired weak monoclonal antibodies. Adjustments in temperature (10-20 degrees C) were used to moderate the retention and hence affinity of the weak monoclonal antibodies during chromatography.
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A method of assignment of the human immunoglobulin allotypes G1m(a+) and G1m(a-) without the use of serological reagents is described. It is based upon oligonucleotide-directed enzymatic amplification of genomic segments encoding CH3 of... more
A method of assignment of the human immunoglobulin allotypes G1m(a+) and G1m(a-) without the use of serological reagents is described. It is based upon oligonucleotide-directed enzymatic amplification of genomic segments encoding CH3 of gamma chains, followed by dot-blot hybridization of radioactively labelled oligonucleotides to the amplified DNA. The method was used to classify the immunoglobulin allotypes of 11 persons, six G1m(a+) and five G1m(a-), and the resultant classification agreed completely with that of classical serological typing.
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Forty-four bacterial strains belonging to 19 species were tested for their IgD-binding capacity by incubation with radiolabeled human IgD. A high binding of IgD to Neisseria catarrhalis and Hemophilus influenzae and a moderate binding of... more
Forty-four bacterial strains belonging to 19 species were tested for their IgD-binding capacity by incubation with radiolabeled human IgD. A high binding of IgD to Neisseria catarrhalis and Hemophilus influenzae and a moderate binding of IgD to streptococci of the groups A, C, and G were found. Two strains of N. catarrhalis were tested for their ability to bind selectively the IgD in normal pooled serum and in three serum samples with IgD M components and were found to possess this property. Binding studies with radiolabeled IgD Fab and Fc fragments indicated that the binding mainly but not exclusively involves the CH1 region of the IgD molecule.
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After electrophoresis of an alkaline extract of type 15 group A streptococci, three main precipitation lines were obtained in diffusion experiments against commercial human polyclonal IgG (lines 1, 2 and 3). Nineteen of 23 sera (83%) from... more
After electrophoresis of an alkaline extract of type 15 group A streptococci, three main precipitation lines were obtained in diffusion experiments against commercial human polyclonal IgG (lines 1, 2 and 3). Nineteen of 23 sera (83%) from apparently healthy human individuals gave line 3, while 6 of them (26%) gave line 1. The sera giving line 1 did also give line 3. Line 2 was obtained with 2 sera only, also giving lines 1 and 3. Line 3 was caused by a streptococcal Fc-receptor for human IgG, since the line could be displaced by addition of Fc-fragments, but not Fab-fragments of pooled human IgG. Line 1 was shown to be different from line 3, since (1) line 1 was suppressed in contrast to line 3 on absorption of a human serum or commercial polyclonal human IgG with S. aureus; and (2), line 1 was suppressed by Fab-fragments but not Fc-fragments of polyclonal human IgG. Line 2 could be inhibited by addition of peptidoglycan to commercial polyclonal human IgG or a human serum investigated. Another line, 4, obtained in diffusion experiments involving electrophoretically separated alkaline extract of type 15 group A streptococci was type-specific as shown by rabbit antisera to streptococci type M1, M8, M15, and T44, and disappeared on trypsinization of the extract. The component responsible for line 4 in the streptococcal extract, judged to be type-specific M protein, had a mobility different from the component responsible for line 3 in electrophoresis.