Age
|
Motor
|
Speech
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Vision and hearing
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Social
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1–1.5 months
|
When held upright, holds head erect and steady.
|
Cooes and babbles at parents and people they know
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Focuses on parents.
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- Loves looking at new faces
- Starts to smile at parents
- Startled by sudden noises
- Recognition of familiar individuals
|
1.6–2 months
|
When prone, lifts self by arms; rolls from side to back.
|
- Vocalizes
- Cooes (makes vowel-like noises) or babbles.
|
Focuses on objects as well as adults
|
- Loves looking at new faces
- Smiles at parent
- Starting to smile[6]
|
2.1–2.5 months
|
- Rolls from tummy to side[7]
- Rests on elbows, lifts head 90 degrees
- Sits propped up with hands, head steady for a short time
|
- Changes sounds while verbalizing, "eee-ahhh"
- Verbalizes to engage someone in an interaction
- Blows bubbles, plays with tongue
- Deep belly laughs
|
- Hand regard: following the hand with the eyes[8]
- Color vision adult-like.
|
Serves to practice emerging visual skills.[9] Also observed in blind children.[8]
|
3 months
|
|
Makes vowel noises
|
- Follows dangling toy from side to side
- Turns head around to sound. Follows adults' gaze (joint attention)
- Sensitivity to binocular cues emerges.
|
- Squeals with delight appropriately
- Discriminates smile. Smiles often
- Laughs at simple things.
- Reaches out for objects.
|
5 months
|
- Holds head steady
- Goes for objects and gets them
- Objects taken to the mouth
|
Enjoys vocal play
|
- Able to reach hanging objects and grab them
- Noticing colors
|
- Adjusts hand shape to the shape of toy before picking up
|
6 months
|
- Transfers objects from one hand to the other
- Pulls self up to sit and sits erect with supports
- Rolls over from tummy to back
- Palmar grasp of cube hand to hand eye coordination[6]
|
- Double syllable sounds such as 'mum' and 'dada'
- Babbles (consonant-vowel combinations)
|
- Localises sound 45 cm (18 in) lateral to either ear
- Visual acuity adult-like (20/20)
- Sensitivity to pictorial depth cues (those used by artists to indicate depth) emerges
|
May show stranger anxiety
|
9–10 months
|
|
Babbles tunefully
|
Looks for toys dropped
|
Apprehensive about strangers[10]
|
1 year
|
- Stands holding furniture[11]
- Stands alone for a second or two, then collapses with a bump
|
Babbles 2 or 3 words repeatedly
|
Drops toys, and watches where they go
|
- Cooperates with dressing
- Waves goodbye
- Understands simple commands
|
18 months
|
- Can walk alone[12]
- Picks up a toy without falling over
- Gets up/down stairs holding onto rail
- Begins to jump with both feet
- Can build a tower of 3 or 4 cubes and throw a ball
- Supinate grasping position is usually seen as the first grasping position utilized.
|
'Jargon': Many intelligible words
|
Be able to recognize their favourite songs, and will try to join in.
|
- Demands constant mothering
- Drinks from a cup with both hands
- Feeds self with a spoon
|
2 years
|
- Able to run[13]
- Walks up and down stairs using two footsteps per stair step
- Builds tower of 6 cubes
|
- Joins 2–3 words in sentences
- Able to repeat words that they hear.
- Gradually build their vocabulary.[14]
|
- Able to recognize words[14]
|
|
3 years
|
- Goes upstairs one footstep per stair step and downstairs two footsteps per stair step[15]
- Copies circle, imitates hand motions and draws man on request
- Builds tower of 9 cubes
- Pronate method of grasping develops
|
- Constantly asks questions
- Speaks in sentences
|
|
|
4 years
|
- Goes both up and down stairs using one footstep per stairstep
- Postural capacity needed to control balance in walking not attained yet
- Skips on one foot
- Imitates gate with cubes
- Copies a cross
- Between 4 and 6 years, the classic tripod grip develops and is made more efficient.
|
- Questioning at its height
- Many infantile substitutions in speech
|
|
- Dresses and undresses with assistance
- Attends to own toilet needs
|
5 years
|
- Skips on both feet and hops.
- Begins to be able to control balance not attained at 3–4 years of age[16]
- Begins to be able to control gravitational forces in walking
- Draws a stick figure and copies a hexagonal based pyramid using graphing paper
- Gives age
|
Fluent speech with few infantile substitutions in speech
|
|
Dresses and undresses alone
|
6 years
|
- At this age, until age 7, the adult muscle activation pattern in walking is complete.
- Leads to head control and trunk coordination while walking, by at least age 8.
- Mechanical energy transfer exists
- Copies a diamond
- Knows right from left and number of fingers
|
Fluent speech
|
7 years
|
- Hand-eye coordination is well developed.
- Has good balance.
- Can execute simple gymnastic movements, such as somersaults.
|
- Uses a vocabulary of several thousand words.
- Demonstrates a longer attention span.
- Uses serious, logical attention span.
- Able to understand reasoning and make the right decisions.
|
- Contingent upon the health of the child.
|
- Desires to be perfect and is quite self-critical,
- Worries more, may have low self-confidence.
- Tends to complain, has strong emotional reactions.
|
8 years
|
- The child can tie his or her shoelaces.
- The child can draw a diamond shape.
- The child become increasingly skilled in hobbies, sports, and active play.
|
- Have well-developed speech and use correct grammar most of the time.
- Become interested in reading books.
- Are still working on spelling and grammar in his or her written work.
|
- Contingent upon the health of the child.
|
- Show more independence from parents and family.
- Start to think about the future.
- Understand more about his or her place in the world. pay more attention to friendships and teamwork.
|