User:Jtwsaddress42/Projects/Project 1/Chapters/Chapter 11

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Phase I - The Rise of Neomurans and the Modern Aerobic Atmosphere (950-600 mya)

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  • Neomuran Revolution (950 mya) - Loss of murein cell wall
  • Archaeabacteria (850 mya) - Methanogenesis/Extremophiles
  • Eukaryotes (850 mya) - Phagocytosis & Massive HGT, Endomembrane System, Endosymbiosis
    • Protokaryotes
    • Eokaryotes
    • Orthokaryotes
    • Neokaryotes
    • Scotokaryotes & Coricates
  • Podiata
  • Opisthokonta
  • Snow Ball Earth Episodes
  • Modern Aerobic Atomsphere (600 mya)


From Neomura to Podiata

 Loss of Cell Wall 
 Isoprenopid Ether Lipids[j] 

 Archaebacteria  

 Phagocytosis[k] 
 Cytopharynx & Ciliary Paraxonemal Rods 

 Euglenozoa  

 Ventral Feeding Groove 
 Eruptive Psuedopodia[i] 

 Percolozoa[a]  

 Dorsal Ciliary Vane 

 Eolouka[b]  

 Ventral Ciliary Vane[h] 
 Myosin Domain Fusions 

 Neolouka[c]  

 Anaerobes[e] 

 Metamonada[d]  

 Ciliary Gliding[f] 

Podiata 

 Podiates 
 Scotokaryotes 
 Cortical Alveoli 
 Chloroplast Endosymbiont 

 Plantae[g]  

 Plantae Endosymbiont 

 Hacrobia  

 SAR supergroup  

 Chromista 
 Corticates 
 Neokaryotes 
 Orthokaryotes 
 Eokaryotes 
 Protokaryotes 



Archaebacteria
Eozoa[l]
Neozoa[m]
Corticata
Neomura[n] 

 0.9 GYA 

From Podiata to Opisthokonta

 Ciliary Gliding 

 Planomonadida[o] 

 Psuedopods[s] 

 Mantamonas 

 Diphylledia  

 CRuMs 
 Catenins[q] 
 Broad Psuedopods 

 Amoebozoa  

 Narrow Psuedopods[p] 

 Breviatea  

 Apusomonadida  

 Anterior Cilium Lost 

Opisthokonta 

 Obazoa 
 Unikonts[r] 
Varisulca[t]
Amoebozoa
Obazoa

From Opisthokonta to Metazoa

Cavalier-Smith describes the Opisthokonts as being comprised of Choanozoa, Metazoa, and Fungi.[1] In this diagram Cavalier-Smith's Fungi equates to Holomycota and Fungi is used more restrictively. Cavalier-Smith's Choanozoa equates to all Holozoans except Animals (Metozoa). Here Choanozoa is used in a more conventional and restrictive manner.

 Loss of Anterior Cilium 
 Tapering Psuedopods[w] 

 Cristidiscoidea  

 Rozellidea  

 Microsporidia  

 Cell Walls & Branching Hyphae 

 Fungi  

Holomycota
 Holomycota 
 Ubiquitin S‑30 Fusion 
 Cell Walls Replace Psuedopods 

 Ichthyosporea  

 Pluriformea  

 CAMs & Filose Tentacles[v] 

 Filosporidia  

 Collar Filter 

 Choanoflagellatea  

 Epithelia & Mesenchyme[u] 

Animalia  

 Metazoa 
 665 MYA 
 Choanozoa 
 Filozoa 
Holozoa
 Holozoa 



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  1. Shalchian-Tabrizi et al. 2007.