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The Victory Corps was an American program during the Second World War that provided military training to male and female high school students. Established on September 25, 1942, by Commissioner of Education John W. Studebaker^[1], the Victory Corps program was designed to prepare secondary school students for possible military service and participation in the war effort.^[2] Although participation in the program was voluntary, many high schools across the country sought to aid the war effort due to rising patriotic fervor following Pearl Harbor.^[3] For example, a survey conducted by the American Legion in 1943 found that of 232 high schools in Oregon, 86 schools had established a Victory Corps program and 96 schools planned on implementing the program in the following semester.^[4]

The program focused on skills relevant to the war effort, ranging from physical conditioning to more specialized skills depending on the desired branch of the armed forces, such as trigonometry for the U.S. Navy.^[5] Broadly, the Corps emphasized "science, mathematics, and physical education".^[6] Specifically, the program consisted of eight areas of training to prepare students for war service and war effort participation:^[3]

• Guidance into Critical Services and Occupations
• Wartime Citizenship
• Physical Fitness
• Basic Training in Mathematics and Science
• Pre-flight Aeronautics
• Production Training for Critical Occupations
• Community Service
• Military Drill

From these areas, students would choose an occupational path based on their strengths and interests. These paths, or divisions, included the following: air service (for aviation cadets or aircraft repair), sea service (for the Navy or Merchant Marine), land service (for the Army or Marine Corps), production service (for trades and war industries), and community service (for professional positions such as engineering and nursing).^[4] Along with the program's curriculum being taught in the classroom, school clubs were also created and modified for war work. For example, at Whittier High School in Whittier, California, the Home Economics Club made garments for the Red Cross while the World Friend's Club held panels on post-war problems.^[3]

As the war drew to a close in Europe and Asia, the Corps was gradually phased out starting in June 1944.^[1] However, the Victory Corps Program made a significant impact in the United States war effort during WWII. During its two years of existence, the program distributed a substantial amount of knowledge to schools across the country and raised millions of dollars for the war effort. Along with its practical achievements, the Victory Corps program was also groundbreaking for its time because it allowed participation from both white and African-American students, ten years before public schools were desegregated.^[2]

References[edit]

Category:History of education in the United States