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Isopoda is an order of crustaceans that includes woodlice and their relatives. Most isopods are small greyish or whitish animals with rigid, segmented exoskeletons. They have two pairs of antennae, seven pairs of jointed limbs on the thorax, and five pairs of branching appendages on the abdomen for respiration. Aquatic species live in marine or freshwater habitats, mostly on the bottom, but some can swim for a short distance. Terrestrial forms tend to be found in cool, moist places. Around 4,500 species dwell in salt water, 500 in fresh water and another 5,000 on land. Some isopods eat dead or decaying plant and animal matter, others are grazers or strain food particles from the water around them, a few are predators, and some are parasitic, mostly on fish. Some species are able to roll themselves into a ball to conserve moisture or as a defence mechanism. The fossil record of isopods dates back to the Carboniferous period (in the Pennsylvanian epoch), at least 300 million years ago, when they lived in shallow seas. (Full article...)
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Former coat of arms of South Africa
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Shimon Peres
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September 29: Michaelmas
Goethe c. 1775
- 1774 – The publication of The Sorrows of Young Werther raised the 24-year-old Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (pictured) to international fame.
- 1923 – The British Mandate for Palestine came into effect, officially creating the protectorates of Palestine under British administration and Transjordan as a separate emirate under Abdullah I.
- 1941 – The Holocaust: German Nazis aided by their collaborators began the Babi Yar massacre in Kiev, Ukraine, killing over 30,000 Jewish civilians in two days and thousands more in the months that followed.
- 1963 – The University of East Anglia was founded in Norwich, England, after talk of establishing such a university in the city began as early as the 19th century.
- 2006 – Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907 collided in mid-air with an Embraer Legacy business jet near Peixoto de Azevedo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, killing 154 people, and triggering a Brazilian aviation crisis.
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