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{{about|the American broadcaster}}
{{Redirect-distinguish|Public Broadcasting Service|Public Broadcasting Services|Public Service Broadcasting (band)}}
{{pp-pc}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Public Broadcasting Service
| logo = PBS logo.svg
| logo_caption = Logo used since November 4, 2019
| type = {{unbulleted list|[[Non-commercial activity|Non-commercial]]|[[Terrestrial television|Free-to-air]] [[television network]]|[[Public broadcasting|Public broadcaster]]}}
| country = [[United States]]
| area = {{unbulleted list|Nationwide U.S.|Canada|Northern Mexico ([[Terrestrial television|OTA]] only)}}
| founded = {{start date and age|1969|11|3}}
| founder = {{unbulleted list|[[Hartford N. Gunn Jr.]]|[[John Macy]]|[[James Day (journalist)|James Day]]|Kenneth A. Christiansen}}
| headquarters = [[Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia]], U.S.
| owner = PBS's member public television stations<ref name=FAQ>{{cite web |title=CPB FAQ |url=https://www.cpb.org/faq |work=[[Corporation for Public Broadcasting]] |date=6 January 2016 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707135125/https://www.cpb.org/faq |url-status=live }}</ref>
| key_people = {{unbulleted list|Paula Kerger ([[President (corporate title)|President]] & [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])|Jonathan Barzilay ([[Chief operating officer|COO]])}}
| picture_format = {{unbulleted list|[[HDTV]] [[1080i]]|(some stations transmit PBS programming in [[720p]] or [[1080p]] via [[ATSC 3.0]] in some markets)}}
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|1970|10|5}}
| replaced = [[National Educational Television]] (1952–1970)
| affiliates = [[List of PBS member stations|List of member stations]]
| webcast = {{URL|https://pbs.org/livestream/|Watch live}} (US only)
| website = {{official URL}}
}}
The '''Public Broadcasting Service''' ('''PBS''') is a North American [[public broadcasting|public broadcaster]] and [[Non-commercial activity|non-commercial]],<ref name=FAQ /><ref name=Brit /><ref name="PBS infographic" /><ref name="Station Index" /><ref name="About PBS">{{Cite web |title=About PBS – Overview |url=http://pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |website=PBS |access-date=September 10, 2018 |archive-date=September 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907224131/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Terrestrial television|free-to-air]] [[television network]] based in [[Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About PBS – Leadership Team |url=http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/leadership/ |website=PBS |access-date=June 11, 2018 |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143632/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/leadership/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Boyer |first=Peter J. |date=January 3, 1986 |title=Hartford N. Gunn Jr. is Dead; Public Broadcasting Founder |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/03/obituaries/hartford-n-gunn-jr-is-dead-public-broadcasting-founder.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=June 11, 2018 |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612222110/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/03/obituaries/hartford-n-gunn-jr-is-dead-public-broadcasting-founder.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Miss>{{cite web |title=Mission & Values |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/ |website=PBS |access-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718060856/https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) – USA TV Channel |url=https://www.mondotimes.com/2/topics/5/102/6139 |website=[[Print circulation#Concept|Mondo Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240118191107/https://www.mondotimes.com/2/topics/5/102/6139 |archive-date= 18 Jan 2024 }}</ref> PBS is a publicly funded [[nonprofit organization]] and the most prominent provider of [[educational television|educational programs]] to public television stations in the United States,<ref>{{cite web |title=Video Documentaries |url=https://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |first1= William |last1=Terbo |website=Tesla Memorial Society |quote="Tesla, Master of Lightning", New Voyage Communications for PBS Television Network, 2000, 90 minutes. |access-date=June 26, 2023 |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025950/http://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ray Suarez |url=https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |website=Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs |quote=Suarez joined the PBS NewsHour in 1999 and was a senior correspondent for the evening news program on the PBS television network until 2013. |access-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-date=June 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612035410/https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Television Broadcasts |url=https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |website=Inside Peace |quote=We are pleased to announce the release of Inside Peace throughout the PBS television network in the United States. |access-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628122359/https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |title=Federal Funding for Public Broadcasting |access-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111083755/https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |url-status=live}}</ref> distributing shows such as ''[[Frontline (American TV program)|Frontline]]'', ''[[Nova (American TV series)|Nova]]'', ''[[PBS NewsHour]]'', ''[[Masterpiece (TV series)|Masterpiece]]'', ''[[Sesame Street]]'', and ''[[This Old House]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/shows/ |title=All Shows – PBS |website=PBS |access-date=June 11, 2018 }}</ref>
PBS is funded by a combination of [[List of PBS member stations|member station]] dues, the [[Corporation for Public Broadcasting]], [[pledge drive]]s, and donations from both [[Private foundation (United States)|private foundations]] and individual citizens. All proposed funding for programming is subject to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source.<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Funding Standards |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/producing-pbs/funding/ |url-status=live |access-date=May 19, 2018 |website=PBS |quote=Public television is a major participant in the great tradition of a free and independent American press. To protect public television's journalistic integrity, PBS's funding standards are premised on core principles that ensure the complete editorial independence of producers from influence by underwriters. While funding and fundraising are necessary to support the development and production of content, producers must be free from the influence of funders. This firewall is essential to maintaining the public's trust. |archive-date=May 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520030857/http://www.pbs.org/about/producing-pbs/funding/}}</ref> PBS has over 350 [[Network affiliate#Member stations|member television stations]], many owned by [[educational institution]]s, nonprofit groups both independent or affiliated with one particular local [[Public School District|public school district]] or collegiate educational institution, or entities owned by or related to [[State governments of the United States|state government]].<ref name="Station Index">{{cite web |title=Network Profile: PBS |url=http://www.stationindex.com/tv/by-net/pbs |website=Station Index |access-date=February 4, 2016 |archive-date=February 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201042930/http://www.stationindex.com/tv/by-net/pbs |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{As of|2020|post=,}} PBS has nearly 350 member stations around the United States.<ref name=AED>{{cite web |date=30 January 2019 |editor=Cara O'Donnell |title=PBS Moves to New Crystal City HQ |url=https://www.arlingtoneconomicdevelopment.com/resources/blog/pbs-moves-to-new-crystal-city-hq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228044036/https://www.arlingtoneconomicdevelopment.com/resources/blog/pbs-moves-to-new-crystal-city-hq/ |archive-date=December 28, 2019 |access-date=10 September 2020 |publisher=Arlington Economic Development}}</ref>
==History==
[[File:2100 Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA April 2019.jpg|thumb|Former PBS headquarters in [[Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia]]]]
PBS was established on November 3, 1969, by [[Hartford N. Gunn Jr.]] (president of [[WGBH Educational Foundation|WGBH]]), [[John Macy]] (president of [[Corporation for Public Broadcasting|CPB]]), [[James Day (journalist)|James Day]] (last president of [[National Educational Television]]), and Kenneth A. Christiansen (chairman of the department of broadcasting at the [[University of Florida]]).<ref>{{cite news |date=January 14, 2000 |title=Articles of Incorporation of Public Broadcasting Service |url=http://www.current.org/pbpb/documents/PBSarticles69.html |newspaper=[[Current (newspaper)|Current]] |access-date=January 12, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010406090018/http://www.current.org/pbpb/documents/PBSarticles69.html |archive-date=April 6, 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
It began operations on October 5, 1970, taking over many of the functions of its predecessor, [[National Educational Television]] (NET), which later merged with [[Newark, New Jersey]] station WNDT to form [[WNET]]. In 1973, it merged with [[Educational Television Stations]].<ref name="JARVIK">{{cite book |title=PBS, behind the screen |author=Laurence Ariel Jarvik |publisher=Forum |location=[[Rocklin, California]] |year=1997 |isbn=0-7615-0668-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Public TV Faces Fund Struggles |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SelHAAAAIBAJ&pg=805,469633&dq=hartford+public+broadcasting+television+gunn&hl=en |newspaper=[[Record-Journal|The Morning Record]] |via=[[Google News]] |access-date=October 28, 2013 |archive-date=September 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906010404/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SelHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=n_8MAAAAIBAJ&pg=805,469633&dq=hartford+public+broadcasting+television+gunn&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Vanishing Vision: The Inside Story of Public Television |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dKYZynRiU6YC&q=hartford+n+gunn+jr&pg=PA137 |author=James Day |via=[[Google Books]] |date=September 16, 1969 | publisher=University of California Press |access-date=October 23, 2013 |isbn=978-0-520-08659-3 |archive-date=June 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628045327/https://books.google.com/books?id=dKYZynRiU6YC&q=hartford+n+gunn+jr&pg=PA137 |url-status=live}}</ref> Around the same time, the groups started out the National Public Affairs Broadcast Center (later National Public Affairs Center for Television), which offered news and national affairs to the service.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1971-08-30 |title=Public broadcasting gets it together |pages=46 |work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting Magazine]] |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/71-OCR/1971-08-30-BC-OCR-Page-0046.pdf |access-date=2023-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1971-09-27 |title=NPACT hires former NBC newsman |pages=38 |work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting Magazine]] |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/71-OCR/1971-09-27-BC-OCR-Page-0038.pdf |access-date=2023-07-15}}</ref> The group was later merged into member station [[WETA-TV]] in 1972.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1972-04-05 |title=Public Affairs Center and Capital's WETA to Join (Published 1972) |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/04/05/archives/public-affairs-center-and-capitals-weta-to-join.html |access-date=2021-01-01 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1972-04-10 |title=NPACT, Washington's WETA-TV to merge |pages=42 |work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting Magazine]]}}</ref>
Immediately after public disclosure of the [[Watergate scandal]], on May 17, 1973, the [[United States Senate Watergate Committee]] commenced proceedings; PBS broadcast the proceedings nationwide, with [[Robert MacNeil]] and [[Jim Lehrer]] as commentators. Although all of the [[Big Three TV Networks]] ran coverage of the hearings, PBS re-broadcast them on [[prime time]].<ref>Graff, Garrett M. (2022). ''Watergate: A New History'' (1 ed.). New York: Avid Reader Press. pp. 443-444. {{ISBN|978-1-9821-3916-2}}. {{OCLC|1260107112}}</ref> For seven months, nightly "gavel-to-gavel" broadcasts drew great public interest, and raised the profile of the fledgling PBS network.<ref>[https://americanarchive.org/exhibits/watergate/watergate-and-public-broadcasting "'Gavel-to-Gavel': The Watergate Scandal and Public Television", ''American Archive of Public Broadcasting''. Retrieved November 10, 2019.]</ref>
In 1991, the [[Corporation for Public Broadcasting]] resumed funding for most PBS shows that debuted prior to 1977, with the exceptions of ''[[Washington Week|Washington Week in Review]]'' and ''[[Wall Street Week]]'' (CPB resumed funding of ''Washington Week'' in 1997).
In 1994, ''[[The Chronicle of Philanthropy]]'' released the results of the largest study on the popularity and credibility of charitable and non-profit organizations. PBS ranked as the 11th "most popular charity/non-profit in America" from over 100 charities researched in the study conducted by the industry publication, with 38.2% of Americans over the age of 12 choosing "love" and "like a lot" for PBS.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 13, 1996 |title=The Charities Americans Like Most And Least |work=The Chronicle of Philanthropy}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Karen S. Peterson |date=December 20, 1994 |title=Charity begins with health, Concern over diseases cited |edition=Final |page=01D |newspaper=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Laura Castaneda |date=December 13, 1994 |title=Survey helps firms choose charities |edition=Home Final |page=1D |newspaper=[[The Dallas Morning News]] |publisher=[[A. H. Belo|A. H. Belo Corporation]]}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Interview with Lavalle |date=September 7, 2009}}</ref>
Since the mid-2000s, [[GfK|Roper Opinion Research]] polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the ''most-trusted national institution'' in the United States.<ref name="PBS infographic">{{cite web |title=15 Years As America's Most Trusted Institution |url=http://bento.cdn.pbs.org/hostedbento-prod/filer_public/PBS_About/Files%20and%20Thumbnails/PBS_TrustBrochure2018.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611073823/http://bento.cdn.pbs.org/hostedbento-prod/filer_public/PBS_About/Files%20and%20Thumbnails/PBS_TrustBrochure2018.pdf |archive-date=June 11, 2018 |access-date=June 11, 2018 |website=PBS}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=PBS #1 in public trust for the sixth consecutive year, according to a national Roper survey |url=https://www.pbs.org/aboutpbs/news/20090213_pbsropersurvey.html |website=PBS |date=February 13, 2009 |access-date=July 14, 2009 |archive-date=July 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705213550/http://www.pbs.org/aboutpbs/news/20090213_pbsropersurvey.html |url-status=live}}</ref> A 2016{{ndash}}2017 study by [[Nielsen Media Research]] found 80% of all US television households view the network's programs over the course of a year.<ref name="About PBS" /> However, PBS is not responsible for all programming carried on public television stations, a large proportion of which may come from its [[Network affiliate|member stations]]—including [[WGBH-TV]], [[WETA-TV]], [[WNET]], [[WTTW]], [[WQED (TV)|WQED]], [[WHYY-TV]], [[Twin Cities PBS]]—[[American Public Television]], and independent producers. This distinction regarding the origin of different programs on the service presents a frequent source of viewer confusion.<ref>{{cite web |author=Michael Getler |author-link=Michael Getler |date=May 15, 2008 |title=Caution: That Program May Not Be From PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/ombudsman/2008/05/caution_that_program_may_not_be_from_pbs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304103738/http://www.pbs.org/ombudsman/2008/05/caution_that_program_may_not_be_from_pbs.html |archive-date=March 4, 2012 |access-date=December 30, 2008 |website=PBS}}</ref>
In December 2009, PBS signed up for the [[Nielsen ratings]] [[audience measurement]] reports, and began to be included in its primetime and daily "Television Index" reports, alongside the major commercial broadcast networks.<ref>{{cite web |author=Bill Gorman |date=December 20, 2009 |title=PBS Signs Up For Nielsen Ratings |url=http://tvbythenumbers.com/2009/12/20/pbs-signs-up-for-nielsen-ratings/36822 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222215318/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2009/12/20/pbs-signs-up-for-nielsen-ratings/36822 |archive-date=December 22, 2009 |access-date=March 10, 2011 |work=[[TV by the Numbers]]}}</ref>
In May 2011, PBS announced that it would incorporate breaks containing underwriter spots for corporate and foundation sponsors, [[promo (media)|program promotions]] and identification spots within four breaks placed within episodes of ''[[Nature (TV series)|Nature]]'' and ''[[Nova (American TV series)|NOVA]]'', airing episodes broken up into segments of up to 15 minutes, rather than airing them as straight 50- to 55-minute episodes. The strategy began that fall, with the intent to expand the in-program breaks to the remainder of the schedule if successful.<ref>{{cite news |author=Elizabeth Jensen |date=May 30, 2011 |title=PBS Plans Promotional Breaks Within Programs |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/31/business/media/31adco.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=March 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402233604/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/31/business/media/31adco.html?_r=0 |archive-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref>
In 2011, PBS released [[mobile app|apps]] for [[iOS]] and [[Android (OS)|Android]] to allow viewing of full-length videos on mobile devices.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 7, 2011 |title=PBS Launches Free Full-Length Video App for iPhone and iPod touch and Antiques Roadshow Game App |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/blogs/news/pbs-launches-free-full-length-video-app-for-iphone-and-ipod-touch-and-antiques-roadshow-game-app/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819141455/http://www.pbs.org/about/blogs/news/pbs-launches-free-full-length-video-app-for-iphone-and-ipod-touch-and-antiques-roadshow-game-app/ |archive-date=August 19, 2016 |access-date=July 13, 2016 |website=PBS}}</ref> Vern Seward of ''The Mac Observer'' calls the PBS iPad App, "...cool on so many levels."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seward |first=Vern |date=October 29, 2010 |title=3 iPad Apps to Help Cut the Cable |url=https://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/3_for_cutting_the_cable |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003191458/https://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/3_for_cutting_the_cable |archive-date=October 3, 2020 |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=The Mac Observer}}</ref> An update in 2015 added [[Chromecast]] support.<ref>{{cite news |last1=King |first1=Bertel Jr. |date=July 9, 2015 |title=PBS Video For Android Can Now Stream Full Episodes To Your Chromecast |publisher=Android Police |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2015/06/09/pbs-video-for-android-can-now-stream-full-episodes-to-your-chromecast/ |url-status=live |access-date=July 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821171137/http://www.androidpolice.com/2015/06/09/pbs-video-for-android-can-now-stream-full-episodes-to-your-chromecast/ |archive-date=August 21, 2016}}</ref>
"PBS UK" was launched as a paid subscription channel in the United Kingdom on November 1, 2011, featuring American documentary programming sourced from PBS. Better identifying its subject matter, this channel was renamed "[[PBS America]]" on July 4, 2012. The channel has subsequently become available in other parts of Europe and Australia.
On February 28, 2012, PBS partnered with AOL to launch ''[[Makers: Women Who Make America]]'', a digital documentary series focusing on high-achieving women in male-dominated industries such as war, comedy, space, business, Hollywood and politics.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Dwyer |first=Kate |date=March 28, 2016 |title=How You Can Be in the Music Video for Michelle Obama's Song With Zendaya and Lea Michele |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/makers-stories-app-michelle-obama-music-video |magazine=[[Teen Vogue]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302113908/http://www.teenvogue.com/story/makers-stories-app-michelle-obama-music-video |archive-date=March 2, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2012 |title=AOL and PBS Announce "Makers: Women Who Make America" |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/blogs/news/aol-and-pbs-announce-makers-women-who-make-america/ |publisher=PBS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805145825/http://www.pbs.org/about/blogs/news/aol-and-pbs-announce-makers-women-who-make-america/ |archive-date=August 5, 2017}}</ref>
PBS initially struggled to compete with online media such as [[YouTube]] for market share. In a 2012 speech to 850 top executives from PBS stations, Senior Vice President of Digital [[Jason Seiken]] warned that PBS was in danger of being disrupted by YouTube studios such as [[Maker Studios]]. In the speech, later described as a "seminal moment" for public television,<ref>{{cite news |date=May 29, 2012 |title=GMs take up PBS plan to expand web video output |url=http://current.org/2012/05/gms-take-up-pbs-plan-to-expand-web-video-output-2/ |newspaper=Current |access-date=July 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713072343/http://current.org/2012/05/gms-take-up-pbs-plan-to-expand-web-video-output-2/ |archive-date=July 13, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> he laid out his vision for a new style of PBS digital video production. Station leadership rallied around his vision and Seiken formed [[PBS Digital Studios]], which began producing educational but edgy videos, something Seiken called "PBS-quality with a YouTube sensibility".<ref>{{cite web |date=October 23, 2012 |title=Why PBS Autotuned Mr. Rogers |url=http://digiday.com/publishers/why-pbs-autotuned-mr-rogers/ |work=[[Digiday]] |access-date=February 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201042929/http://digiday.com/publishers/why-pbs-autotuned-mr-rogers/ |archive-date=February 1, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The studio's first hit, an auto-tuned version of the theme from one of their most famous television programs, ''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]'', was one of YouTube's 10 most viral videos of 2012.<ref>{{cite web |last=Stampler |first=Laura |date=December 3, 2012 |title=The 20 Most Viral Ads Of 2012 |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/these-are-the-20-most-viral-ads-of-2012-2012-12?op=1&IR=T |work=Business Insider |access-date=July 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143854/http://www.businessinsider.com/these-are-the-20-most-viral-ads-of-2012-2012-12?op=1&IR=T |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> By 2013, monthly video views on PBS.org had risen from 2 million to a quarter-billion, PBS.org traffic had surpassed that of the CBS, NBC, and ABC web sites, PBSKids.org had become the dominant US children's site for video, and PBS had won more 2013 [[Webby Awards]] than any other media company in the world.<ref>{{cite web |date=June 18, 2013 |title=How PBS Won at Digital |url=http://digiday.com/publishers/pbs-sees-success-with-year-old-digital-studios |work=Digiday |access-date=February 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201042930/http://digiday.com/publishers/pbs-sees-success-with-year-old-digital-studios/ |archive-date=February 1, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
On May 8, 2013, full-length episodes of PBS' prime time, news and children's programs were made available through the [[Roku]] streaming player; programming is available on Roku as separate streaming channels for "PBS" and "[[PBS Kids|PBS KIDS]]" content.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 8, 2013 |title=Roku's PBS, PBS Kids channels go live, stream full episodes |url=http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-33199_7-57583465-221/rokus-pbs-pbs-kids-channels-go-live-stream-full-episodes/ |work=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Corporation]] |access-date=May 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607065553/http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-33199_7-57583465-221/rokus-pbs-pbs-kids-channels-go-live-stream-full-episodes/ |archive-date=June 7, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Some content is only available with a {{visible anchor|PBS Passport}} member benefit subscription.<ref>{{cite news |last=Goldsmith |first=Jill |date=December 15, 2015 |title=PBS Passport serves up on-demand content for public TV's members |url=https://current.org/2015/12/pbs-passport-serves-up-on-demand-content-for-public-tvs-members/ |newspaper=Current |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921215304/https://current.org/2015/12/pbs-passport-serves-up-on-demand-content-for-public-tvs-members/ |archive-date=September 21, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
On July 1, 2016, [[Amazon Prime Video]] and PBS Distribution entered into a multi-year agreement which saw several PBS Kids series on other streaming services move to Amazon Prime Video.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Gettell |first=Oliver |date=July 1, 2016 |title='Daniel Tiger' and more PBS Kids shows leaving Netflix, Hulu |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/07/01/amazon-prime-pbs-kids-deal/ |url-status=live |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225623/https://ew.com/article/2016/07/01/amazon-prime-pbs-kids-deal/ |archive-date=February 29, 2020 |access-date=April 14, 2020}}</ref>
PBS Distribution partnered with [[MultiChoice]] to launch [[PBS Kids|PBS KIDS]] on May 22, 2019, on [[DStv]] and [[GOtv]] subscription platforms across its [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] footprint.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 20, 2020 |title=More Children's Entertainment added to DStv and GOtv with the launch of PBS KIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://namibiadailynews.info/more-childrens-entertainment-added-to-dstv-and-gotv-with-the-launch-of-pbs-kids-in-sub-saharan-africa/ |newspaper=[[Namibia Daily News]] |access-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925193220/https://namibiadailynews.info/more-childrens-entertainment-added-to-dstv-and-gotv-with-the-launch-of-pbs-kids-in-sub-saharan-africa/ |archive-date=September 25, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> In mid-2021, the channel was added to Australia's [[Foxtel]] subscription platform.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 25, 2021 |title=Foxtel expands family offering with two new dedicated kids channels - DreamWorks and PBS KIDS |url=https://tvblackbox.com.au/page/2021/06/25/foxtel-expands-family-offering-with-two-new-dedicated-kids-channels-dreamworks-and-pbs-kids/ |website=TV Blackbox |access-date=June 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625163224/https://tvblackbox.com.au/page/2021/06/25/foxtel-expands-family-offering-with-two-new-dedicated-kids-channels-dreamworks-and-pbs-kids/ |archive-date=June 25, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
At the summer 2019 [[Television Critics Association]] press tour day for PBS on July 29, 2019, it was announced that MVPD [[YouTube TV]] would begin to carry PBS programming and member stations in the fall of 2019. Member stations have the choice of having their traditional channel on the service with its full programming schedule received by Google over-the-air and uploaded to the service, a YouTube TV-only feed provided by the station with some programming substitutions due to lack of digital rights, or a PBS-provided feed with limited localization, though with no local programming or pledge drive programming.<ref>{{cite news |last=Goldsmith |first=Jill |date=July 29, 2019 |title=PBS forges deal with YouTube TV for localized live streams |url=https://current.org/2019/07/pbs-forges-deal-with-youtube-tv-for-localized-live-streams/ |newspaper=Current |access-date=August 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730133745/https://current.org/2019/07/pbs-forges-deal-with-youtube-tv-for-localized-live-streams/ |archive-date=July 30, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2019, PBS announced plans to move its headquarters to another building in the Crystal Gateway complex, while remaining in [[Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia|Crystal City, Virginia]], and did so in 2020, which included a top building sign visible off the [[U.S. Route 1 in Virginia|Richmond Highway]].<ref>{{cite web |date=September 9, 2020 |title=Sign Proposed for Top of New PBS Headquarters in Crystal City |url=https://www.arlnow.com/2020/09/09/sign-proposed-for-top-of-new-pbs-headquarters-in-crystal-city/ |publisher=ARLnow |access-date=10 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914044828/https://www.arlnow.com/2020/09/09/sign-proposed-for-top-of-new-pbs-headquarters-in-crystal-city/ |archive-date=September 14, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Koma |editor-first=Alex |date=January 15, 2019 |title=PBS Agrees to Keep Headquarters in Crystal City, Plans to Relocate to New Building |url=https://www.arlnow.com/2019/01/15/pbs-agrees-to-keep-headquarters-in-crystal-city-plans-to-relocate-to-new-building/ |publisher=ARLnow |access-date=September 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620084011/https://www.arlnow.com/2019/01/15/pbs-agrees-to-keep-headquarters-in-crystal-city-plans-to-relocate-to-new-building/ |archive-date=June 20, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=AED />
On August 4, 2020, the [[Amazon Prime Video]] platform added a "PBS Documentaries" package.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 29, 2020 |title=PBS to launch documentary streamer via Prime Video Channels in boost to Amazon |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2020/07/29/pbs-to-launch-documentary-streamer-via-prime-video-channels-in-boost-to-amazon/ |website=Digital TV Europe |access-date=September 10, 2022 |archive-date=September 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910010904/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2020/07/29/pbs-to-launch-documentary-streamer-via-prime-video-channels-in-boost-to-amazon/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As of that time it offered four separately-subscribable selections of PBS programming in the United States, "PBS Documentaries", "PBS Living" (also on Apple TV), "PBS Masterpiece" (also in Canada) and "PBS KIDS".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watching PBS videos on other streaming services. |url=https://help.pbs.org/support/solutions/articles/12000060278-watching-pbs-videos-on-other-streaming-services- |website=PBS Help |access-date=September 10, 2022 |archive-date=September 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910002940/https://help.pbs.org/support/solutions/articles/12000060278-watching-pbs-videos-on-other-streaming-services- |url-status=live }}</ref> In the UK, a "PBS America" documentaries package is available on Amazon Prime Video.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SVOD Channels |url=https://pbsdistribution.org/services/svod-channels/ |website=PBS Distribution |access-date=September 10, 2022 |archive-date=September 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910003815/https://pbsdistribution.org/services/svod-channels/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
On September 3, 2020, PBS began to offer a livestream of their member stations for free via its website (as well as the websites from the member stations), on smart TVs, and on their mobile apps. However, only a small handful of stations currently do not have a livestream of their stations set up.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gurwin |first=Jason |date=September 3, 2020 |title=PBS Launches Free Live Local Streaming of PBS Stations |url=https://thestreamable.com/news/pbs-launches-live-local-streaming-of-pbs-stations |publisher=The Streamable |access-date=December 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022153209/https://thestreamable.com/news/pbs-launches-live-local-streaming-of-pbs-stations |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Jefferson Graham of ''[[USA Today]]'' called it, "Arguably the best bargain in streaming".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Jefferson |date=January 15, 2020 |title=Sure, PBS is now on YouTubeTV, but free streaming app a better deal |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2020/01/15/pbs-now-youtube-tv-but-not-sling-and-hulu-live-tv/4454284002/ |website=USA Today |access-date=January 6, 2023 |archive-date=January 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106005019/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2020/01/15/pbs-now-youtube-tv-but-not-sling-and-hulu-live-tv/4454284002/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
July 1, 2021 saw a PBS Julia Child channel be added to [[Pluto TV]] in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS Distribution |url=https://www.facebook.com/PBSDistribution.org/posts/940198203213362 |date=6 July 2021 |work=Facebook |access-date=September 10, 2022}}</ref>
The channels "PBS Antiques Roadshow", "Julia Child", "Antiques Road Trip" and "PBS Nature" were added to a number of American FAST platforms in January 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-19 |title=PBS and WNET Group Launch FAST Channels on Plex |url=https://www.adweek.com/lostremote/pbs-distribution-and-wnet-group-launch-fast-channels-on-plex/70799/ |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=www.adweek.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
The channels "PBS Food" (in the United States) and "PBS History" (in the UK and Australia) launched on certain FAST platforms in late 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bouma |first=Luke |date=2023-11-20 |title=PBS is Launching a New Free Channel Called PBS Food On Amazon's Freevee, Plex, & The Roku Channel |url=https://cordcuttersnews.com/pbs-is-launching-a-new-free-channel-called-pbs-food-on-amazons-freevee-plex-the-roku-channel/ |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=Cord Cutters News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bouma |first=Luke |date=2023-12-15 |title=Plex Adds Over 20 New Free Channels This Week |url=https://cordcuttersnews.com/plex-adds-over-20-new-free-channels-this-week/ |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=Cord Cutters News |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Operations==
Even with its status as a non-profit<ref name=Miss /><ref name=Brit>{{cite encyclopaedia |title=Public Broadcasting Service |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Public-Broadcasting-Service |encyclopaedia=Britannica|date=September 15, 2023 }}</ref> and educational television network, PBS engages in program distribution, providing television content and related services to its member stations, each of which together cooperatively owns the network.<ref name=FAQ /> Unlike the affiliates for commercial TV networks, each non-profit PBS member station is charged with the responsibility of programming local content such as news, interviews, cultural, and [[public affairs (broadcasting)|public affairs]] programs for its individual market or state that supplements content provided by PBS and other public television distributors.
In a [[commercial broadcasting|commercial broadcast]] [[television network]] structure, affiliates give up portions of their local advertising airtime in exchange for carrying network programming, and the network pays its affiliates a share of the revenue it earns from advertising. By contrast, PBS member stations pay fees for the shows acquired and distributed by the national organization. Under this relationship, PBS member stations have greater latitude in local scheduling than their commercial broadcasting counterparts. Scheduling of PBS-distributed series may vary greatly depending on the market. This can be a source of tension as stations seek to preserve their localism, and PBS strives to market a consistent national lineup. However, PBS has a policy of "common carriage", which requires most stations to clear the national prime time programs on a common [[broadcast programming|programming]] schedule to market them nationally more effectively. Management at former [[Los Angeles]] member [[KCET]] cited unresolvable financial and programming disputes among its major reasons for leaving PBS after over 40 years in January 2011, although it would return to PBS in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Los Angeles PBS affiliate KCET exits network fold to go independent |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2010/10/sorry-charlie-rose-los-angeles-pbs-affiliate-kcet-exits-network-fold-to-go-independent-.html |author=Scott Collins |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=October 8, 2010 |access-date=March 12, 2015 |archive-date=April 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415153244/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2010/10/sorry-charlie-rose-los-angeles-pbs-affiliate-kcet-exits-network-fold-to-go-independent-.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
Although PBS has a set schedule of programming, particularly in regard to its [[prime time]] schedule, member stations reserve the right to schedule PBS-distributed programming in other time slots or not clear it at all if they choose to do so; few of the service's members carry all its programming. Most PBS stations [[Timeshift channel|timeshift]] some distributed programs. Once PBS accepts a program offered for distribution, PBS, rather than the originating member station, retains exclusive rebroadcasting rights during an agreed period. Suppliers, however, retain the right to sell the program's intellectual property in non-broadcast media such as [[DVD]]s, books, and sometimes PBS-[[merchandising|licensed merchandise]].
==Programming==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2022}}
{{Main|List of programs broadcast by PBS}}
The evening and primetime schedule on PBS features a diverse array of programming including [[fine arts]] (''[[Great Performances]]''); [[drama]] (''[[Masterpiece (TV series)|Masterpiece]]'', ''[[Downton Abbey]]'', ''[[American Family (2002 TV series)|American Family: Journey of Dreams]]''); [[science]] (''[[Nova (American TV series)|Nova]]'', ''[[Nature (TV series)|Nature]]''); [[history]] (''[[American Experience]]'', ''[[American Masters]]'', ''[[History Detectives]]'', ''[[Antiques Roadshow (U.S. TV series)|Antiques Roadshow]]''); [[music]] (''[[Austin City Limits]]'', ''[[Soundstage (TV series)|Soundstage]]''); [[Public affairs (broadcasting)|public affairs]] (''[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]'', ''[[PBS NewsHour]]'', ''[[Washington Week]]'', [[Nightly Business Report]]); [[independent film]]s and [[documentary film|documentaries]] (''[[POV (TV series)|P.O.V.]]'', ''[[Independent Lens]]''); [[home improvement]] (''[[This Old House]]''); and [[talk show|interviews]] (''[[Amanpour & Company]]'', ''[[Tavis Smiley (TV series)|Tavis Smiley]]'', ''[[The Dick Cavett Show]]''). In 2012, PBS began organizing much of its prime time programming around a genre-based schedule (for example, drama series encompass the Sunday schedule, while science-related programs are featured on Wednesdays).
PBS broadcasts children's programming under the [[PBS Kids]] branding as part of the service's (and including content supplied by other distributors not programmed by the service, its member stations') morning and afternoon schedule. As the children's programs it distributes are intended to educate as well as entertain its target audience, PBS and its stations have long been in compliance with [[E/I|educational programming]] guidelines set by the [[Federal Communications Commission]] in response to the enactment of the [[Children's Television Act|Children's Television Act of 1990]]. Many member stations have historically also broadcast [[distance education]] and other [[instructional television]] programs, typically during daytime slots; though with the advent of digital television, which has allowed stations to carry these programs on [[digital subchannel]]s in lieu of the main PBS feed or exclusively over online, many member stations/networks have replaced distance education content with children's and other programming.
Unlike its radio counterpart, [[National Public Radio]], PBS does not have a central program production arm or news division. All of the programming carried by PBS, whether news, documentary or entertainment, is created by (or in most cases produced under contract with) other parties, such as individual member stations. [[Boston]] member [[WGBH-TV]] is one of the largest producers of [[educational television]] programming, including shows like ''[[American Experience]]'', ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'' (with Canada-based [[Cookie Jar Group|CINAR]]), ''[[Masterpiece Theatre]]'', ''[[Nova (American TV series)|Nova]]'', ''[[Antiques Roadshow (American TV program)|Antiques Roadshow]]'' and ''[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]'', as well as many other children's and lifestyle programs. News programs are produced by [[WETA-TV]] (''[[PBS Newshour]]'') in [[Washington, D.C.]], [[WNET]] in [[New York City]] and [[WPBT]] in [[Miami, Florida|Miami]]. Newark, New Jersey/[[New York City]] member [[WNET]] produces or distributes programs such as ''[[Secrets of the Dead]]'', ''[[Nature (TV series)|Nature]],'' and ''[[Cyberchase]]''. PBS also works with other networks for programming such as [[CNN International]] for ''[[Amanpour & Company]]'' which is a co-production of CNN International and WNET.
PBS member stations are known for rebroadcasting British television [[costume drama]]s, [[Britcoms|comedies]] and [[science fiction on television|science fiction]] programs (acquired from the [[BBC]] and other sources) such as ''[[Downton Abbey]]''; ''[['Allo 'Allo!]]''; ''[[Are You Being Served?]]''; ''[[The Benny Hill Show]]'', ''[[Red Dwarf]]''; ''[[The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin]]''; ''[[Father Ted]]''; ''[[Fawlty Towers]]''; ''[[Harry Enfield & Chums]]''; ''[[Keeping Up Appearances]]''; ''[[Monty Python's Flying Circus]]''; ''[[Mr. Bean]]'', ''[[The Vicar of Dibley]]'', the original run of ''[[Doctor Who]]'', and ''[[Sherlock (TV series)|Sherlock]]''. However, a significant amount of sharing takes place. The BBC and British broadcasters such as [[Channel 4]] often cooperate with PBS stations, producing material that is shown on both sides of the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]]. Less frequently, Canadian, Australian and other international programming appears on PBS stations (such as ''[[The Red Green Show]]'', currently distributed by syndicator Executive Program Services); public broadcasting syndicators are more likely to offer this programming to U.S.-based public television stations.
PBS is not the only distributor of public television programming to the member stations. Other distributors have emerged from the roots of companies that maintained loosely held regional public television stations in the 1960s. [[Boston]]-based [[American Public Television]] (which, among other names, was formerly known as Eastern Educational Network and the American Program Service) is second only to PBS for distributing programs to U.S. non-commercial stations. Another distributor is NETA (formerly SECA), whose properties have included ''[[The Shapies]]'' and ''Jerry Yarnell School of Fine Art''. In addition, the member stations themselves also produce a variety of local shows, some of which subsequently receive national distribution through PBS or other distributors.
[[Rerun|Rerun programming]], especially domestic programming not originally produced for public television, is generally uncommon on PBS or its member stations. The most prominent exception to this is ''[[The Lawrence Welk Show]]'', which has aired continuously in reruns on PBS (through the [[Oklahoma Educational Television Authority]]) almost every weekend since 1986. Reruns of programs originally produced for public television are common, especially with former PBS shows whose hosts have retired or died (for example, ''[[The Joy of Painting]]'' and ''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]''). Children's programming (such as ''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' and ''[[DragonflyTV]]'', the latter of which is also syndicated on commercial television) is rerun extensively. In 2020 and 2021, PBS served as the over-the-air home to select specials from the [[Peanuts filmography|''Peanuts'' library]], under sublicense from [[Apple Inc.|Apple]];<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-to-broadcast-three-peanuts-specials-this-holiday-season/ |title=PBS to Broadcast Three Peanuts Specials This Holiday Season |website=PBS |access-date=October 18, 2021 |archive-date=October 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018234238/https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-to-broadcast-three-peanuts-specials-this-holiday-season/ |url-status=live}}</ref> the deal was not renewed in 2022.<ref name="cbs-pbsnopeanuts">{{cite news |last1=O'Kane |first1=Caitlin |title="A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving" and the series' other holiday specials will not air on TV this year. Here's how to watch them for free |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-to-stream-charlie-brown-thanksgiving-holiday-specials-apple-tv-plus/ |access-date=January 26, 2024 |work=[[CBS News]] |date=November 17, 2022}}</ref>
===PBS Kids===
{{Main|PBS Kids}}
Launched as PTV on July 11, 1994, PBS Kids is the brand for [[children's programming|children's programs]] aired by PBS. The PBS Kids Channel, launched in 1999 and operated until 2005, was largely funded by satellite provider [[DirecTV]]. The original channel ceased operations on September 26, 2005, in favor of [[Universal Kids|PBS Kids Sprout]], a commercial [[digital cable]] and [[satellite television]] channel originally operated as a joint venture between PBS, [[Comcast]], [[Sesame Workshop]] and [[Apax Partners]] ([[NBCUniversal]], which Comcast acquired in 2011, later acquired the other partners' interests in the channel in 2012). However, the original programming block still exists on PBS, filling daytime and in some cases, weekend morning schedules on its member stations; many members also carry 24-hour locally programmed children's networks featuring PBS Kids content on one of their digital subchannels. A revived version of the PBS Kids Channel was launched on January 16, 2017. As of 2019, PBS Kids is the only children's programming block on U.S. broadcast television.
As PBS is often known for doing, PBS Kids has broadcast imported series from other countries; these include British series originally broadcast by the [[BBC]] and [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]. Through American Public Television, many PBS stations also began airing the Australian series ''[[RAGGS Kids Club Band|Raggs]]'' on June 4, 2007. Some of the programs broadcast as part of the service's children's lineup or through public broadcast syndication directly to its members have subsequently been syndicated to commercial television outlets (such as ''[[Ghostwriter (1992 TV series)|Ghostwriter]]'' and ''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'').
===Sports===
Many PBS member stations and networks—including [[Mississippi Public Broadcasting]] ([[Mississippi High School Activities Association|MHSAA]]), [[Georgia Public Broadcasting]] ([[Georgia High School Association|GHSA]]), [[Maine Public Broadcasting Network]] ([[Maine Principals' Association|MPA]]), [[Iowa PBS]] ([[Iowa Girls High School Athletic Union|IGHSAU]]), [[Nebraska Public Media]] ([[Nebraska School Activities Association|NSAA]]), and [[WKYU-TV]] ([[Western Kentucky Hilltoppers]])—locally broadcast [[high school]] and college sports. From the 1980s onward, the national PBS network has not typically carried sporting events, mainly because the broadcast rights to most sporting events have become more cost-prohibitive in that timeframe, especially for nonprofits with limited revenue potential; in addition, starting with the respective launches of the [[MountainWest Sports Network]] (now defunct) and [[Big Ten Network]] in 2006 and 2007 and the later launches of the [[Pac-12 Network]] and [[ESPN|ESPN's]] [[SEC Network]] and [[ACC Network]], [[athletic conference]]s have acquired rights for all of their member university's sports programs for their cable channels, restricting their use from PBS member stations, even those associated with their own universities.
From 1976 to 1989, [[KQED (TV)|KQED]] produced a series of [[Bundesliga]] matches under the banner ''[[Soccer Made in Germany]]'', with [[Toby Charles]] announcing. PBS also carried [[tennis]] events, as well as [[Ivy League]] football. Notable football commentators included [[Upton Bell]], [[Marty Glickman]], [[Bob Casciola]], [[Brian Dowling (American football)|Brian Dowling]], [[Sean McDonough]] and [[Jack Corrigan (sportscaster)|Jack Corrigan]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Mark |title=Penn Football Tapes 1980–1989 |url=http://www.letsgoquakers.com/football1980s.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021004075329/http://www.letsgoquakers.com/football1980s.htm |archive-date=4 October 2002 |access-date=March 10, 2011 |publisher=Penn Quaker Basketball & Football Tapes}}</ref> Other sports programs included interview series such as ''[[The Way It Was (TV series)|The Way It Was]]'' and ''The Sporting Life''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jim Palmer jockeys from underwear to PBS |url=http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl/1985_251842/jim-palmer-jockeys-from-underwear-to-pbs.html |newspaper=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=April 17, 1985 |first1=Ann |last1=Hodges |access-date=October 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133716/http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl/1985_251842/jim-palmer-jockeys-from-underwear-to-pbs.html |archive-date=November 19, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Governance==
The board of directors is responsible for governing and setting policy for PBS, consisting of 27 members: 14 professional directors (station managers), 12 general directors (outside directors), and the PBS president.<ref name=about-board>{{cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/board-directors/ |website=PBS |access-date=October 27, 2015 |archive-date=October 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024092447/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/board-directors/ |url-status=live}}</ref> All PBS Board members serve three-year terms, without pay.<ref name=about-board/> PBS member stations elect the 14 professional directors; the board elects the 12 general directors and appoints the PBS president and CEO; and the entire board elects its officers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Donald A. Baer Elected Chair of PBS Board of Directors |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/blogs/news/donald-a-baer-elected-chair-of-pbs-board-of-directors/ |date= October 29, 2014 |website=PBS |access-date=October 27, 2015 |archive-date=February 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201042929/http://www.pbs.org/about/blogs/news/donald-a-baer-elected-chair-of-pbs-board-of-directors/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
==Member stations==
{{main|List of PBS member stations}}
{{As of|March 2015}}, PBS maintains current memberships with 354 television stations encompassing 50 states, the District of Columbia and four U.S. possessions;<ref name="Station Index" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Stations for Network - PBS |url=http://www.rabbitears.info/search.php?request=network_search&network=PBS |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817201438/http://www.rabbitears.info/search.php?request=network_search&network=PBS |archive-date=17 August 2011 |access-date=March 12, 2015 |work=RabbitEars.info}}</ref> as such, it is the only television broadcaster in the United States—commercial or non-commercial—which has station partners licensed in every U.S. state (by comparison, none of the five major commercial broadcast networks has affiliates in certain states where PBS has members, most notably [[New Jersey]]). The service has an estimated national reach of 93.74% of all households in the United States (or 292,926,047 Americans with at least one television set).
PBS stations are commonly operated by [[nonprofit organization]]s, state agencies, local authorities (such as municipal boards of education), or [[university|universities]] in their [[city of license]]; this is similar (albeit more centralized in states where a licensee owns multiple stations rebroadcasting the main PBS member) to the early model of commercial broadcasting in the U.S., in which network-affiliated stations were initially owned by companies that owned few to no other television stations elsewhere in the country. In some U.S. states, a group of PBS stations throughout the entire state may be organized into a single regional "subnetwork" (such as [[Alabama Public Television]] and [[Arkansas PBS]]); in this model, PBS programming and other content is distributed by the originating station in the subnetwork to other [[broadcast relay station|full-power stations that serve as satellites as well as any low-power translators]] in other areas of the state. Some states may be served by such a regional network and simultaneously have PBS member stations in a certain city (such as the case with secondary member [[KBDI-TV]] in [[Denver]], which is not related to [[Colorado]] member network [[Rocky Mountain PBS]] and its [[flagship (broadcasting)|flagship station]] and primary Denver PBS member, KRMA-TV) that operate autonomously from the regional member network.
As opposed to the present commercial broadcasting model in which network programs are often carried exclusively on one television station in a given market, PBS may maintain more than one member station in certain markets, which may be owned by the licensee of the market's primary PBS member station or owned by a separate licensee (as a prime example, [[KOCE-TV]], [[KLCS]] and [[KVCR-DT]]—which are all individually owned—serve as PBS stations for the Los Angeles [[media market|market]]; KCET served as the market's primary PBS member until it left the service in January 2011,<ref>{{cite news |title=KOCE takes over as top PBS station after KCET cuts ties with network |url=http://pedrowatcher.ocregister.com/2010/10/08/koce-takes-over-as-top-pbs-station-after-kcet-cuts-ties-with-network/28174/ |author=Peter Larsen |newspaper=[[Orange County Register]] |publisher=[[Freedom Communications]] |date=October 8, 2010 |access-date=March 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010023551/http://pedrowatcher.ocregister.com/2010/10/08/koce-takes-over-as-top-pbs-station-after-kcet-cuts-ties-with-network/28174/ |archive-date=October 10, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> at which time it was replaced by KOCE). KCET rejoined PBS in 2019, thus giving the Los Angeles area four different member stations.
For these cases, PBS utilizes the Program Differentiation Plan, which divides by percentage the number of programs distributed by the service that each member can carry on their schedule; often, this assigns a larger proportion of PBS-distributed programming to the primary member station, with the secondary members being allowed to carry a lesser number of program offerings from the service's schedule. Unlike public broadcasters in most other countries, PBS cannot own any of the stations that broadcasts its programming; therefore, it is one of the few television programming bodies that does not have any [[owned-and-operated station]]s. This is partly due to the origins of the PBS stations themselves, and partly due to historical [[broadcast license]] issues.
===Participating stations===
Most PBS member stations have produced at least some nationally distributed programs. Current regularly scheduled programming on the [[PBS Satellite Service|PBS national feed]] is produced by a smaller group of stations, including:
* [[WGBH-TV]] (''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'', ''[[Nova (American TV series)|NOVA]]'', ''[[Masterpiece (TV series)|Masterpiece]]'', ''[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]'', ''[[Martha Speaks (TV series)|Martha Speaks]]'', ''[[Peep and the Big Wide World]]'', ''[[Curious George (TV series)|Curious George]]'', ''[[Lidia's Kitchen]]'', ''[[Design Squad]]'', ''[[Jamie Oliver]]'', etc.)
* [[WNET]] (''[[Nature (TV series)|Nature]]'', ''[[PBS NewsHour|PBS NewsHour Weekend]]'', ''[[Cyberchase]]'', ''[[Amanpour & Company]]'', ''[[Wishbone (TV Series)|Wishbone]]'' etc.)
** Previously [[Connecticut Public Television]] and now WNET (''[[Barney & Friends]]'', ''[[Bob the Builder]]'', ''[[Thomas & Friends]]'', etc.)
* [[WETA-TV]] (''[[PBS NewsHour]]'', ''[[Washington Week]]'', ''[[A Capitol Fourth]] (annually)'', ''[[America's Test Kitchen]]'', ''[[This Old House]]'', ''[[Pati Jinich|Pati's Mexican Table]]'', ''[[BBC World News]]'', etc.)
* [[WTTW]] (''[[Nature Cat]]'', ''[[WordWorld]]'', ''[[Kidsongs]]'')
* [[Maryland Public Television]] (''[[MotorWeek]]'', ''[[Space Racers]]'', ''[[Wimzie's House]]'', ''[[Zoboomafoo]]'', ''[[Julia Child]]'')
* [[KLRU]] (''[[Austin City Limits]]'')
* [[KCET]] (''[[Sid the Science Kid]]'', ''[[Lost L.A.]]'')
* [[KQED (TV)|KQED]] (''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!]]'', ''[[Yan Can Cook|Yan Can Cook: Spice Kingdom]]'')
* [[Oregon Public Broadcasting]] (''[[History Detectives]]'', ''[[Rick Steves' Europe]]'' (season 10))
* [[PBS North Carolina]] (''[[The Woodwright's Shop]]'')
* [[South Carolina ETV]] (''[[Studio See]]'', ''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'', ''[[A Chef's Life]]'')
* [[WXXI-TV]] (''[[Biz Kid$]]'')
* [[WQED (TV)|WQED]] (''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]'')
* [[Twin Cities PBS]] (KTCA-TV/KTCI-TV) (''[[Newton's Apple]]'', ''[[DragonflyTV]]'', ''[[SciGirls]]'', ''[[Hero Elementary]]'')
* [[KCTS-TV]] (''[[Rick Steves' Europe]]'')
* [[Arkansas PBS]] (''[[State of the Art]]'')
* [[WYES-TV]] (''[[Kevin Belton]]'')
==PBS networks==
{| class= "wikitable"
|-
! Network !! Notes
|-
|style="text-align:center;| [[File:PBS Kids logo (2022).svg|frameless|126x126px]]<br />'''[[PBS Kids]]'''
| A programming block that provides [[children's television program]]s. The block was formerly called PTV Park. Launched as a 24/7 network in 1999 that was dissolved in 2005 and subsequently revived in 2017.
|-
|style="text-align:center;|'''[[PBS Satellite Service]]''' || A 24-hour alternate network feed that provides a mixed variety of programming selected from the main PBS service, as well as for carriage on programming tiers of satellite providers.
|}
PBS has [[Corporate spin-off|spun off]] a number of [[television network]]s, often in partnership with other media companies. [[PBS YOU]], a distance education and how-to service operated between 2000 and 2006, and was largely succeeded by [[Create (TV network)|Create]] (a similarly formatted network owned by American Public Television). The 24-hour PBS Kids Channel has had two iterations in the age of [[digital television]]; one which existed between 1999 and 2005 (being superseded by PBS Kids Sprout), and the current version which was launched in 2017. [[World (TV network)|World]] began operations in 2007 as a service operated by PBS but is now managed by American Public Television.
PBS has also restructured its satellite feed system, simplifying [[PBS-HD|HD02 (PBS West)]] into a timeshift feed for the [[Pacific Time Zone]], rather than a high-definition complement to its formerly primary SD feed. [[PBS Kids Go!]] was proposed as a replacement broadcast network for the original 1999–2005 version of the PBS Kids Channel; however, plans to launch the network were folded in 2006. Programming from the PBS Satellite Service has also been carried by certain member stations or regional member networks to fill their overnight schedules (particularly those that have transitioned to a 24-hour schedule since the late 1990s), in lieu of providing programming sourced from outside public television distributors or repeats of local programming (program promotions shown on the satellite feed advertise upcoming programs as being aired on PBS during the timeslot card normally used as a placeholder for member outlets to insert local airtime information).
Some or all of these services are available on a digital cable tier of many cable providers, on a [[FTA receiver|free-to-air (FTA) satellite receiver]] receiving from [[PBS Satellite Service]], as well as via subscription-based [[direct broadcast satellite]] providers. With the exception of Sprout, some of these services, including those from PBS member stations and networks, have not made contracts with Internet-distributed [[over-the-top content|over-the-top]] [[multichannel video programming distributor|MVPD]] services such as [[Sling TV]] and the now defunct [[PlayStation Vue]]. With the transition to over-the-air [[digital television]] broadcasts, many of the services are also often now available as standard-definition [[Multicast#Television|multicast]] channels on the digital signals of some member stations, while HD02 (PBS West) serves as a secondary HD feed. With the absence of [[advertising]], network identification on these PBS networks was limited to utilization at the end of the program, which includes the standard series of [[Commercial bumper|bumpers]] from the "Be More" campaign.
===Independent networks===
While not operated or controlled by PBS proper, additional public broadcasting networks are available and carried by PBS member stations. The following three are also distributed by PBS via satellite.
{| class= "wikitable"
|-
! Channel !! Programming !! Origin
|-
|| [[Create (TV network)|Create]] || Educational and artistic programming || rowspan="2"|American Public Television
|-
|| [[World Channel|World]] || News and documentaries
|-
|| [[First Nations Experience]] || Indigenous programming || [[San Bernardino Community College District]]
|}
From 2002 to 2011, [[Buffalo, New York]] member station [[WNED-TV]] operated [[ThinkBright|ThinkBright TV]], a service that was carried on several stations in upstate [[New York (state)|New York]]. Several state networks also offer a [[Public affairs (broadcasting)|public affairs]] subchannel network offering full-time coverage of state government events and legislative/judicial proceedings in the same vein as [[C-SPAN]]'s coverage of the federal government. Many PBS stations also carried MHz Worldview from the [[MHz Networks]] until 2020 when MHz Networks announced its discontinuation of the network on March 1, 2020. Since then, many stations has switched to World Channel as well as [[First Nations Experience]].
A separate but related concept is the state network, where a group of stations across a state simulcast a single programming schedule from a central facility, which may include specialty subchannels unique to that broadcaster.
== Visual identity ==
{{multiple image
| direction = vertical
| width = 125
| image1 = PBS 1971 id.svg
| alt1 = PBS logo from 1971 to 1984
| caption1 = PBS's second logo, the first iteration to include the "P-Head" element.
| image2 = PBS (1984-2019) logo.svg
| alt2 = PBS logo from 1984 to 2019, as seen in 2002.
| caption2 = PBS's third logo, as used from 1984 to<!-- Don't remove the logo. --> 2019. The logo pictured is the 2002 version.
| image3 = PBS logo 1970.svg
| alt3 = PBS logo from 1970 to 1971.
| caption3 = PBS logo from 1970 to 1971, with the same colors as the NET logo from 1967.
| image4 = PBS with Wordmark 1984.svg
| alt4 = PBS logo from 1984 to 1989.
| caption4 = PBS logo from 1984 to 1989.
| image5 = PBS print 1989.png
| alt5 = PBS logo from 1989 to 1992.
| caption5 = PBS logo from 1989 to 1992.
| image6 = PBS print 1992.png
| alt6 = PBS logo from 1992 to 1996.
| caption6 = PBS logo from 1992 to 1996.
| image7 = PBS print 1996.png
| alt7 = PBS logo from 1996 to 1998.
| caption7 = PBS logo from 1996 to 1998.
| image8 = PBS (Alt) logo.svg
| alt8 = PBS Alternate logo from 1984 to 2019.
| caption8 = PBS Alternate logo from 1984 to 2019.
}}
PBS introduced its first iconographic logo in 1971, a multi-colored [[wordmark]] of the network's initials with the P designed to resemble a [[silhouette]] of a human face. The logo was designed by Ernie Smith and [[Herb Lubalin]] of the Lubalin Smith Carnase design firm.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dunning |first=Jennifer |date=April 4, 2004 |title=Ernie Smith, 79, Jazz and Dance Authority |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/14/arts/ernie-smith-79-jazz-and-dance-authority.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=December 2, 2019 |quote=He worked at several advertising agencies in New York. Among them were Sudler & Hennessy and Lubalin, Smith & Carnase, where he developed a logo for PBS. |archive-date=December 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202230546/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/14/arts/ernie-smith-79-jazz-and-dance-authority.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sandomir |first=Richard |date=March 23, 2018 |title=Lawrence K. Grossman, Head of PBS and Then NBC News, Dies at 86 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/23/obituaries/lawrence-k-grossman-head-of-pbs-and-then-nbc-news-dies-at-86.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=December 2, 2019 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=December 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202230543/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/23/obituaries/lawrence-k-grossman-head-of-pbs-and-then-nbc-news-dies-at-86.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Lubalin's human face "P", known internally at PBS as "Everyman", but more commonly known as the "P-Head", became the basis for all subsequent PBS logos.<ref name=Identify>{{cite book |last1=Chermayeff |first1=Ivan |last2=Geismar |first2=Tom |last3=Haviv |first3=Sagi |year=2011 |title=Identify: Basic Principles of Identity Design in the Iconic Trademarks of Chermayeff & Geismar |url={{GBurl|zlfQMDP8LpoC|pg=PA68}} |page=68 |publisher=[[F+W]] |isbn=978-1-440-31032-4}}</ref>
In 1984, PBS introduced a new version of the logo, designed by [[Tom Geismar]] of [[Chermayeff & Geismar & Haviv|Chermayeff & Geismar]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Heller |first=Steven |date=December 14, 2003 |title=ART; A Laboratory for Sign Language |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/14/books/art-a-laboratory-for-sign-language.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=December 2, 2019 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=December 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202230544/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/14/books/art-a-laboratory-for-sign-language.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Chermayeff & Geismar felt that the Lubalin-designed logo was too similar to those of the three dominant commercial networks of the time, and they sought "to develop a symbol that could stand for the more inclusive concept of 'public television{{' "}}. They inverted Lubalin's Everyman "P" to face to the right instead of the left, and repeated the outline as a series to represent a "multitude" of people. The symbol was subsequently renamed "Everyone".<ref name="Identify"/> The repeated outline of the face has also been interpreted to suggest a degree of [[multiculturalism]], as well as the public service aspect of the PBS mission.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gernsheimer |first=Jack |year=2008 |title=Designing Logos: The Process of Creating Symbols that Endure |url={{GBurl|E9w61v7UyR4C|pg=PA125}} |page=125 |publisher=[[Skyhorse Publishing|Allworth Press]] |isbn=978-1-581-15649-2}}</ref>
The logo has been used in various forms since: from 1998 onward, the Geismar logo has been rendered in white on a circle.<ref name=Identify />
On November 4, 2019, in honor of the network's 50th anniversary, PBS unveiled a revamped [[brand identity]] by [[Lippincott (brand consultancy)|Lippincott]], intended to be better-suited for use on digital platforms. The Geismar logo was tweaked, a new custom [[sans-serif]] typeface was commissioned for the logo and other branding elements (which replaces the [[slab serif]] typeface used in the PBS logo since 1984), and [[electric blue (color)|electric blue]] and white were adopted as corporate colors.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Smith |first=Lilly |date=November 4, 2019 |title=PBS's new brand is anything but radical—and that's the whole point |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90425497/pbs-unveils-a-new-brand-for-a-new-media-landscape |magazine=[[Fast Company]] |access-date=December 2, 2019 |archive-date=December 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213085631/https://www.fastcompany.com/90425497/pbs-unveils-a-new-brand-for-a-new-media-landscape |url-status=live}}</ref> The network is allowing flexibility in implementation, but is no longer allowing the logo to be displayed independently of the PBS name. Upon the launch of the new logo, some members rebranded themselves to include PBS in their name for the first time, such as Wisconsin Public Television rebranding as [[PBS Wisconsin]].<ref name=Goldsmith>{{Cite news |last=Goldsmith |first=Jill |date=November 4, 2019 |title=PBS begins rollout of electric-blue brand refresh |url=https://current.org/2019/11/pbs-begins-rollout-of-electric-blue-brand-refresh/ |newspaper=Current |access-date=December 3, 2019 |archive-date=November 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112173243/https://current.org/2019/11/pbs-begins-rollout-of-electric-blue-brand-refresh/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Faw |first=Larissa |date=November 5, 2019 |title=PBS Overhauls Logo For 2020 |url=https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/342923/pbs-overhauls-logo-for-2020.html |agency=Mediapost |access-date=December 2, 2019 |archive-date=November 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106230117/https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/342923/pbs-overhauls-logo-for-2020.html |url-status=live}}</ref> PBS is paying out grants to at least 100 members to cover costs associated with the rebranding.<ref name=Goldsmith />
==Reception==
===Critical response===
''PBS'' has been praised by critics for its variety of programming.<ref name=Framke>{{Cite magazine |last=Framke |first=Caroline |date=August 1, 2018 |url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/columns/pbs-tca-2018-ann-curry-finding-your-roots-1202892459/ |title=PBS: An Appreciation for the Vegetables of TV (Column) |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216165939/https://variety.com/2018/tv/columns/pbs-tca-2018-ann-curry-finding-your-roots-1202892459/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Tim Goodman of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' marked PBS' airing of ''[[Downton Abbey]]'' as a turning point for the network's reputation and program variety''.''<ref name=Goodman>{{Cite magazine |last=Goodman |first=Tim |date=July 29, 2016 |title=Tim Goodman's TCA Journal No. 3: A Love Letter to PBS |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/bastard-machine/tim-goodmans-tca-journal-no-915615 |magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216163252/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/bastard-machine/tim-goodmans-tca-journal-no-915615 |url-status=live}}</ref> He also wrote, "It's PBS's time to shine"<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Goodman |first=Tim |date=July 22, 2012 |title=TCA 2012: It's PBS' Time to Shine (Analysis) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/bastard-machine/pbs-downton-abbey-sherlock-emmys-352843 |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216163911/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/bastard-machine/pbs-downton-abbey-sherlock-emmys-352843 |url-status=live}}</ref> and said that the network "is an endless bounty of riches...Ain't this great?"<ref name=Goodman /> Stevenonymous of ''[[BuzzFeed]]'' wrote, "PBS isn't just TV anymore."<ref>{{Cite web |author=Stevenonymous |date=August 23, 2013 |title=10 Reasons Why '90s Kids Should Still Love PBS |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/dstein/10-reasons-why-90s-kids-should-still-love-pbs-e37w |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |access-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216163809/https://www.buzzfeed.com/dstein/10-reasons-why-90s-kids-should-still-love-pbs-e37w |url-status=live }}</ref> David Zurawik of ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'' wrote, "If you want a reason to believe in PBS...here it is."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zurawik |first=David |date=October 28, 2014 |title=Frontline offers harrowing, revealing look into ISIS tonight |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/columnists/zurawik/bal-frontline-chilling-revealing-look-isis-pbs-20141028-story.html |newspaper=[[Baltimore Sun]] |access-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-date=December 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208002326/https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/columnists/zurawik/bal-frontline-chilling-revealing-look-isis-pbs-20141028-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mekeisha Madden Toby of ''[[TheWrap]]'' wrote, "There is a lot to love...on PBS."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Toby |first=Mekeisha Madden |date=September 27, 2015 |title='Indian Summers' Review: PBS' New Period Piece is Soapy, Sexy Goodness |url=https://www.thewrap.com/indian-summers-review-pbs-new-period-piece-is-soapy-sexy-goodness/ |work=[[TheWrap]] |access-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216163915/https://www.thewrap.com/indian-summers-review-pbs-new-period-piece-is-soapy-sexy-goodness/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kristen McQuinn of ''Book Riot'' wrote, "PBS is awesome in every way."<ref>{{Cite web |last=McQuinn |first=Kristen |date=August 7, 2017 |title=PBS is Searching for The Great American Book |url=https://bookriot.com/the-great-american-book/ |work=[[Book Riot]] |access-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525211038/https://bookriot.com/the-great-american-book/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Caroline Framke of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' wrote, "There's still no beating PBS."<ref name=Framke /> Alyssa Rosenburg of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' wrote, "PBS is a unifying thread...through our cultural fabric."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rosenburg |first=Alyssa |date=October 4, 2020 |title=Opinion {{!}} In 50 years of PBS programming, content for Americans of all classes and political views |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/10/04/50-years-pbs-programming-content-americans-all-classes-political-views/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326031141/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/10/04/50-years-pbs-programming-content-americans-all-classes-political-views/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Margaret Renkl of ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote, "By aiming to unite...PBS might save us yet."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Renkl |first=Margaret |date=September 27, 2020 |title=Opinion {{!}} Happy Birthday, PBS. Please Save Us. |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/27/opinion/pbs-50th-anniversary.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=May 25, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525212532/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/27/opinion/pbs-50th-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Margie Barron of ''Entertainment Today'' wrote, "PBS remains a beacon...that inspires."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barron |first=Margie |date=August 4, 2020 |title=PBS' stellar lineup for 50th anniversary season announced at Zoom-friendly TCA press tour |url=https://entertainmenttoday.net/tv/21334/2020/08/pbs-stellar-lineup-for-50th-anniversary-season-announced-at-zoom-friendly-tca-press-tour/ |access-date=May 25, 2022 |website=Entertainment Today |archive-date=July 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706110758/https://entertainmenttoday.net/tv/21334/2020/08/pbs-stellar-lineup-for-50th-anniversary-season-announced-at-zoom-friendly-tca-press-tour/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The ''Marketing & Research Resources'' survey, said that PBS is the "#1 most trusted media 19 years in a row."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-17 |title=PBS and Member Stations Named "Most Trusted" Media Organization for 19 Consecutive Years |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-and-member-stations-named-most-trusted-media-organization-for-19-consecutive-years/ |access-date=September 21, 2022 |website=PBS |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921172708/https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-and-member-stations-named-most-trusted-media-organization-for-19-consecutive-years/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2021, the network had 14 [[News and Documentary Emmy Awards|News & Documentary Emmy Award]] nominations, more than any other organization.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-30 |title=PBS Leads With 14 News & Documentary Emmy® Awards |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-leads-with-14-news-documentary-emmy-awards/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=PBS |language=en}}</ref> Matt Roush of ''[[TV Insider]]'' wrote, "PBS is and always has been a bright light."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roush |first=Matt |date=2022-02-01 |title=Ask Matt: More Ghosts on 'Ghosts'? |url=https://www.tvinsider.com/1029924/ask-matt-ghosts-amazing-race-ordinary-joe-streaming/ |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=TV Insider |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921172707/https://www.tvinsider.com/1029924/ask-matt-ghosts-amazing-race-ordinary-joe-streaming/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
===On-air fundraising===
Since 53% to 60% of public television's revenues come from private membership donations and [[Grant (money)|grants]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Public Broadcasting Revenue Fiscal Year 2005 |url=http://www.cpb.org/stations/reports/revenue/2005PublicBroadcastingRevenue.pdf |publisher=[[Corporation for Public Broadcasting]] |access-date=March 10, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515140419/http://www.cpb.org/stations/reports/revenue/2005PublicBroadcastingRevenue.pdf |archive-date=May 15, 2011}}</ref> most stations solicit individual donations by methods including [[fundraising]], [[pledge drive]]s or [[telethon]]s, which disrupt regularly scheduled programming. This has been perceived as potentially annoying since regularly scheduled programming is often replaced with specials aimed at a wider audience (such as music specials aimed at the [[Baby Boom]]er generation and financial, health and motivational programs) to solicit new members and donations; during fundraising events, these programs are often interrupted within the broadcast by long-form segments (of six to eight minutes in length) encouraging viewers to donate to their PBS member.<ref>{{cite web |last=Getler |first=Michael |title=Pledging Allegiance, or March Madness? |url=https://www.pbs.org/ombudsman/2006/03/pledging_allegiance_or_march_madness.html |publisher=PBS Ombudsman |date=March 24, 2006 |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=April 8, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060408140959/http://www.pbs.org/ombudsman/2006/03/pledging_allegiance_or_march_madness.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Underwriting spot]]s are aired at the end of each program, which differ from traditional commercials in several ways.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rule 5: Content Guidelines |url=https://www.pbs.org/producers/guidelines/onair_rule5.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414070210/https://www.pbs.org/producers/guidelines/onair_rule5.html |archive-date=April 14, 2014 |access-date=April 13, 2014 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Each spot must be approved to meet several guidelines.<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Guidelines for On-Air Announcements Promoting Program-Related Goods and Services |url=https://www.pbs.org/producers/guidelines/onair.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414090628/https://www.pbs.org/producers/guidelines/onair.html |archive-date=April 14, 2014 |access-date=April 13, 2014 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> The main guidelines state that underwriting spots cannot be qualitative in any way, nor can they have any call to action.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rule 5.4: Voice-Over Copy Guidelines |url=https://www.pbs.org/producers/guidelines/onair_rule5.html#5.4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030923073228/https://www.pbs.org/producers/guidelines/onair_rule5.html#5.4 |archive-date=23 September 2003 |access-date=April 13, 2014 |publisher=PBS}}</ref>
==Controversies==
===Accusations of political/ideological bias===
A 1982 broadcast of the [[United States Information Agency]] program ''Let Poland be Poland'' about the [[Martial law in Poland|martial law declared in Poland in 1981]] was widely viewed in the U.S., but met with skepticism on the part of eastern European broadcasters (communist countries at the time) due to concerns that the program's "provocative and anticommunist" tone was intended as propaganda.<ref>{{cite web |title=Let Poland Be Poland (1982, TV) |date=January 31, 1982 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0785022/ |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=February 4, 2016 |archive-date=February 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201042929/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0785022/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=US Public Diplomacy in Hungary: Past and Present |url=http://www.publicdiplomacycouncil.org/uploads/Eichler_Public_Diplomacy_Hungary.pdf |author=Edward Eichler |work=Public Diplomacy Council |date=April 25, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225051216/http://www.publicdiplomacycouncil.org/uploads/Eichler_Public_Diplomacy_Hungary.pdf |archive-date=February 25, 2009}}</ref>
In 1999, at least three public television stations were caught selling or trading their mailing lists with the [[Democratic National Committee]]. Under [[Internal Revenue Service|IRS]] regulations, [[nonprofit organization]]s are prohibited from participating in political actions. Officials from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting condemned the practice and conducted an investigation into the matter. The stations involved were in New York, Boston, and Washington.<ref>{{cite news |last=Seelye |first=Katharine Q. |date=July 17, 1999 |title=PBS Stations Shared Donor Lists With Democrats, Stirring Trouble |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/17/us/pbs-stations-shared-donor-lists-with-democrats-stirring-trouble.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=March 31, 2017 |archive-date=April 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401061449/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/17/us/pbs-stations-shared-donor-lists-with-democrats-stirring-trouble.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
Individual programs aired by PBS have been the targets of organized campaigns by individuals and groups with opposing views, including by former [[United States Secretary of Education]] [[Margaret Spellings]] in 2005.<ref>{{cite news |date=January 26, 2005 |title=Education chief rips PBS for gay character: Network won't distribute episode with animated 'Buster' visiting Vt. |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6869976 |work=[[NBC News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=November 10, 2019 |archive-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121224256/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6869976/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
Nonetheless, in every year since 2004, surveys of Americans have shown PBS to have been consistently ranked as the most trusted institution in comparison to [[Commercial broadcasting|commercial]] [[Broadcasting in the United States|broadcast]] and [[Cable television in the United States|cable television]], [[Newspapers in the United States|newspapers]], and [[Streaming media|streaming services]], and in January 2021, Americans valued tax dollars spent on PBS behind only [[Military budget of the United States|military defense]] and [[Food and Drug Administration|oversight of food and drug safety]].<ref>{{cite news |date=February 2, 2021 |title=PBS and Member Stations Voted 'Most Trusted' Institution for 18 Consecutive Years |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-and-member-stations-voted-most-trusted-institution-for-18-consecutive-years/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=March 23, 2021 |archive-date=March 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316092412/https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-and-member-stations-voted-most-trusted-institution-for-18-consecutive-years/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
====Accusations during Tomlinson tenure====
In September 2003, [[Kenneth Tomlinson]] was chosen as chairman of the CPB board.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Labaton |first=Stephen |date=November 4, 2005 |title=Broadcasting Ex-Chairman Is Removed From Board (Published 2005) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/04/politics/broadcasting-exchairman-is-removed-from-board.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=January 8, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109171104/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/04/politics/broadcasting-exchairman-is-removed-from-board.html |url-status=live}}</ref> He criticized PBS and [[NPR]] for an allegedly "liberal bias".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Farhi |first=Paul |date=July 1, 2005 |title=CPB Liberal Bias Study Flawed, Critics Say |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2005/07/01/cpb-liberal-bias-study-flawed-critics-say/f961983c-20fb-41c1-91d1-13866cc20b85/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=January 8, 2021 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=January 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109104756/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2005/07/01/cpb-liberal-bias-study-flawed-critics-say/f961983c-20fb-41c1-91d1-13866cc20b85/ |url-status=live}}</ref> His efforts sparked complaints of political pressure.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Labaton |first1=Stephen |last2=Weisman |first2=Steven R. |date=November 5, 2005 |title=Spending Inquiry For Top Official On Broadcasting |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/05/politics/05broadcast.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |archive-date=April 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425141741/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/05/politics/05broadcast.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
To partially balance out the perceived left-leaning PBS shows, from June 2004 to July 2005, PBS aired ''Tucker Carlson: Unfiltered'' with conservative commentator [[Tucker Carlson]], and from September 2004 to December 2005, PBS aired ''[[The Journal Editorial Report]]'' with [[Paul Gigot]], a conservative editor of ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' editorial page.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 4, 2007 |title=PBS: Back to bias basics |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/may/04/20070504-085842-9258r/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Times]] |publisher=[[News World Communications]] |access-date=December 30, 2009 |archive-date=April 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414144501/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/may/04/20070504-085842-9258r/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2004, [[Bill Moyers]] resigned as a PBS regular, citing political pressure to alter the content of his program, and saying Tomlinson had mounted a "vendetta" against him.<ref>{{cite web |last=Farhi |first=Paul |date=April 22, 2005 |title=PBS Scrutiny Raises Political Antennas |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A8067-2005Apr21.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=September 7, 2017 |archive-date=June 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622060245/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A8067-2005Apr21.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
In May 2005, two House Democrats requested the CPB inspector general investigate the complaints of political interference.<ref>{{Cite news |last=de Moraes |first=Lisa |date=May 13, 2005 |title=CPB's Inspector General to Pursue Probe of Chairman |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2005/05/13/cpbs-inspector-general-to-pursue-probe-of-chairman/32a405bf-7a62-4534-87e5-a5c852e0db18/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=January 8, 2021 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=January 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110093839/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2005/05/13/cpbs-inspector-general-to-pursue-probe-of-chairman/32a405bf-7a62-4534-87e5-a5c852e0db18/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The inspector general's report was issued in November 2005 and described possible political influence on personnel decisions, including e-mail correspondence between Tomlinson and the White House which indicated that Tomlinson "was strongly motivated by political considerations in filling the president/CEO position", a position filled in June 2005 by former [[Republican National Committee]] co-chair [[Patricia Harrison]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=CNN - Report: Politics may have influenced former public broadcasting chief |date=November 15, 2005 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/11/15/tomlinson.cpb/index.html |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=January 8, 2021 |archive-date=January 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111085841/https://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/11/15/tomlinson.cpb/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Tomlinson resigned from the CPB board on November 3, 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Folkenflik |first=David |date=November 3, 2005 |title=Tomlinson Resigns from CPB Ahead of Report |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4989040 |website=[[National Public Radio]] |access-date=January 8, 2021 |archive-date=January 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109183214/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4989040 |url-status=live}}</ref>
====Accusations since the Tomlinson tenure====
In January 2021, Michael Beller, the chief attorney for PBS resigned after being caught on tape suggesting that the children of [[Donald Trump]] supporters should be sent to [[Concentration Camp|re-education camps]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=White |first=Christopher |date=January 14, 2021 |title=PBS attorney resigns after saying Trump voters' children should face 're-education camps' |url=https://wcti12.com/news/nation-world/pbs-attorney-fired-after-video-shows-him-pushing-for-re-education-camps-for-trump-voters |work=[[WCTI-TV]] |access-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127015021/https://wcti12.com/news/nation-world/pbs-attorney-fired-after-video-shows-him-pushing-for-re-education-camps-for-trump-voters |url-status=live}}</ref>
===Lawsuit with Pacific Arts===
In the 1990s, PBS became involved in a dispute over home video licensing rights with [[Pacific Arts Corporation]], a multimedia company owned and operated by former [[The Monkees|Monkees]] guitarist [[Michael Nesmith]].
In 1990, Pacific Arts secured a contract with PBS to distribute their back catalog of programming on VHS under the [[PBS Home Video]] banner. However, in the early 1990s, Pacific Arts and PBS went through a series of serious disagreements. Lawsuits were filed: by Nesmith and Pacific Arts against PBS for breach of contract, intentional misrepresentation, intentional concealment, negligent misrepresentation, and interference with contract; and by PBS against Nesmith and Pacific Arts for lost royalties.<ref name=Behrens>{{cite news |last=Behrens |first=Steve |date=February 8, 1999 |title=Nesmith wins $47 million in video suit against PBS |url=http://current.org/files/archive-site/pbs/pbs902v.html |newspaper=Current |access-date=May 30, 2016 |archive-date=August 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818000313/http://current.org/files/archive-site/pbs/pbs902v.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> The lawsuits escalated in 1994 and 1995 into major litigation between the parties over these rights and payments. PBS and Nesmith and Pacific Arts vigorously prosecuted these multimillion-dollar counter-suits.
The six plaintiffs included PBS, [[WGBH-TV]], [[WNET]], the [[Ken Burns]]-owned American Documentaries and Radio Pioneers Film Project and the [[Children's Television Workshop]]. They sought approximately $5 million in disputed royalties, advances, guarantees and license fees for programs and the use of the PBS logo from the defendants Pacific Arts and Nesmith.
Due to the cost of the litigation, Pacific Arts was forced to cease distribution operations and suspended the use of the PBS logo on the Pacific Arts videos.<ref name=Behrens /> Though Pacific Arts distribution system had ceased operating, the various plaintiffs were counting on capturing a personal financial guarantee Nesmith had made to PBS in the original PBS deal in 1990.
The cases went to jury trial in Federal Court in Los Angeles in February 1999. After three days of deliberation, the jury unanimously sided with Nesmith.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mifflin |first=Lawrie |date=February 3, 1999 |title=Jury Rules That PBS Must Pay Video Distributor $47 Million |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/03/business/jury-rules-that-pbs-must-pay-video-distributor-47-million.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=May 30, 2016 |archive-date=June 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630171648/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/03/business/jury-rules-that-pbs-must-pay-video-distributor-47-million.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The court awarded Pacific Arts $14,625,000 for loss of its rights library, plus $29,250,000 in punitive damages. The jury awarded $3 million to Nesmith personally, including $2 million in punitive damages for a total award to Nesmith and Pacific Arts of $48,875,000. The jury resolved the outstanding license fee issues by ordering Pacific Arts and Nesmith to pay approximately $1.2 million to American Documentaries for ''[[The Civil War (TV series)|The Civil War]]'', about $230,000 to [[WGBH-TV]], and $150,000 to [[WNET]].<ref name=Behrens />
Following the ruling, Nesmith expressed his personal disappointment with PBS and was quoted by [[BBC News]] as stating "It's like finding your grandmother stealing your stereo. You're happy to get your stereo back, but it's sad to find out your grandmother is a thief."<ref>{{cite news |title=Hey, hey, it's a Monkee victory |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/271357.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=May 30, 2016 |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409001839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/271357.stm |url-status=live}}</ref>
The decision never went to an appeals court and the final amount paid to Pacific Arts and Nesmith was an undisclosed sum agreed to in an out-of-court settlement.
==Warning, Alert and Response Network (WARN)==
PBS provides an alternative path for [[Wireless Emergency Alerts]] to wireless carriers through its Warning, Alert and Response Network (WARN). The alerts are transmitted through the PBS satellite network on the [[AMC-21]] satellite to PBS stations, who then broadcast the messages over their transmitters for reception by wireless carriers at their cell sites.<ref name="WARN/PBS">{{cite web |title=WARN |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/warn/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=October 12, 2013 |archive-date=October 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015031734/http://www.pbs.org/about/warn/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
The WARN network is funded by a grant through [[National Telecommunications and Information Administration]] (NTIA).<ref name="WARN/PBS" />
==See also==
{{Portal|Television|United States}}
* [[American Public Media]]
* [[List of United States over-the-air television networks]]
* [[PBS America]]
* [[Public Radio International]]
* [[Public, educational, and government access]] (PEG)
* [[Television in the United States]]
===Similar public broadcasting services===
* {{flagicon|CAN}} [[TVOntario]], [[Knowledge Network]]
* {{flagicon|PRC}} [[China Education Television]]
* {{flagicon|FRA}} {{flagicon|GER}} [[Arte]]
* {{Flagicon|France}} [[France 5]]
* {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Educational Broadcasting System]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Pachelbel |first=Johann |year=1932 |title=UPI Television Network logo |publisher=Art Scott}}
* {{cite book |last=Bullert |first=B.J. |year=1997 |title=Public Television: Politics and the Battle over Documentary Film |url=https://archive.org/details/publictelevision00bull |url-access=registration |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-813-52470-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Dornfeld |first=Barry |year=1998 |title=Producing Public Television, Producing Public Culture |publisher=Princeton University Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Engelman |first=Ralph |year=1996 |title=Public Radio and Television in America: A Political History |publisher=Sage Publications}}
* {{cite book |last=Ledbetter |first=James |author-link=James Ledbetter |year=1998 |title=Made Possible by: The Death of Public Broadcasting in the United States |url=https://archive.org/details/madepossiblebyde00ledb |url-access=registration |publisher=Verso |isbn=978-1-859-84029-0}}
==External links==
{{commons category|PBS (United States)}}
* {{Official website}}
* [https://www.pbs.org/producers/redbook/index.html PBS "Red Book"] (presentation guidelines for PBS programming)
* [https://current.org/ ''Current''], the newspaper about public TV and radio in the United States
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170104174846/http://designinghealthycommunities.org/ Designing Healthy Communities by PBS]
* [https://www.pbs.org/about/producing-pbs/editorial-standards.pdf PBS Editorial Standards and Practices]
{{PBSTV}}
{{Lyndon B. Johnson}}
{{Public broadcasting in the United States}}
{{American broadcast television}}
{{EmmyAward GovernorsAward}}
{{Webby Awards|cat=TV|year=1997|type=Nominee|cat2=TV|year2=1998|type2=winner}}
{{navboxes
|title=Related navigational templates
|list= {{flatlist|
* [[Template:Sports television in the United States|Sports television in the United States]]
* [[Template:American broadcast television|American broadcast television]]
* [[Template:World Radio Network|World Radio Network]]
}}}}
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[[Category:Public Broadcasting Service| ]]
[[Category:1969 establishments in the United States]]
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[[Category:Companies based in Virginia]]
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[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1969]]
[[Category:Peabody Award winners]]
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[[Category:Educational and instructional television channels]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1969]]
[[Category:Webby Award winners]]' |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Cats don’t dance
| logo = Cats don’t dance
| logo_caption = Logo used since November 4, 2019
| type = {{unbulleted list|[[Non-commercial activity|Non-commercial]]|[[Terrestrial television|Free-to-air]] [[television network]]|[[Public broadcasting|Public broadcaster]]}}
| country = [[United States]]
| area = {{unbulleted list|Nationwide U.S.|Canada|Northern Mexico ([[Terrestrial television|OTA]] only)}}
| founded = {{start date and age|1969|11|3}}
| founder = {{unbulleted list|[[Hartford N. Gunn Jr.]]|[[John Macy]]|[[James Day (journalist)|James Day]]|Kenneth A. Christiansen}}
| headquarters = [[Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia]], U.S.
| owner = PBS's member public television stations<ref name=FAQ>{{cite web |title=CPB FAQ |url=https://www.cpb.org/faq |work=[[Corporation for Public Broadcasting]] |date=6 January 2016 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707135125/https://www.cpb.org/faq |url-status=live }}</ref>
| key_people = {{unbulleted list|Paula Kerger ([[President (corporate title)|President]] & [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])|Jonathan Barzilay ([[Chief operating officer|COO]])}}
| picture_format = {{unbulleted list|[[HDTV]] [[1080i]]|(some stations transmit PBS programming in [[720p]] or [[1080p]] via [[ATSC 3.0]] in some markets)}}
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|1970|10|5}}
| replaced = [[National Educational Television]] (1952–1970)
| affiliates = [[List of PBS member stations|List of member stations]]
| webcast = {{URL|https://pbs.org/livestream/|Watch live}} (US only)
| website = {{official URL}}
}}
[[Cats Don't Dance]] '''Public Broadcasting Service''' ('''PBS''') is a North American [[public broadcasting|public broadcaster]] and [[Non-commercial activity|non-commercial]],<ref name=FAQ /><ref name=Brit /><ref name="PBS infographic" /><ref name="Station Index" /><ref name="About PBS">{{Cite web |title=About PBS – Overview |url=http://pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |website=PBS |access-date=September 10, 2018 |archive-date=September 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907224131/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Terrestrial television|free-to-air]] [[television network]] based in [[Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About PBS – Leadership Team |url=http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/leadership/ |website=PBS |access-date=June 11, 2018 |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143632/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/leadership/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Boyer |first=Peter J. |date=January 3, 1986 |title=Hartford N. Gunn Jr. is Dead; Public Broadcasting Founder |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/03/obituaries/hartford-n-gunn-jr-is-dead-public-broadcasting-founder.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=June 11, 2018 |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612222110/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/03/obituaries/hartford-n-gunn-jr-is-dead-public-broadcasting-founder.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Miss>{{cite web |title=Mission & Values |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/ |website=PBS |access-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718060856/https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) – USA TV Channel |url=https://www.mondotimes.com/2/topics/5/102/6139 |website=[[Print circulation#Concept|Mondo Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240118191107/https://www.mondotimes.com/2/topics/5/102/6139 |archive-date= 18 Jan 2024 }}</ref> PBS is a publicly funded [[nonprofit organization]] and the most prominent provider of [[educational television|educational programs]] to public television stations in the United States,<ref>{{cite web |title=Video Documentaries |url=https://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |first1= William |last1=Terbo |website=Tesla Memorial Society |quote="Tesla, Master of Lightning", New Voyage Communications for PBS Television Network, 2000, 90 minutes. |access-date=June 26, 2023 |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025950/http://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ray Suarez |url=https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |website=Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs |quote=Suarez joined the PBS NewsHour in 1999 and was a senior correspondent for the evening news program on the PBS television network until 2013. |access-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-date=June 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612035410/https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Television Broadcasts |url=https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |website=Inside Peace |quote=We are pleased to announce the release of Inside Peace throughout the PBS television network in the United States. |access-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628122359/https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |title=Federal Funding for Public Broadcasting |access-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111083755/https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |url-status=live}}</ref> distributing shows such as ''[[Frontline (American TV program)|Frontline]]'', ''[[Nova (American TV series)|Nova]]'', ''[[PBS NewsHour]]'', ''[[Masterpiece (TV series)|Masterpiece]]'', ''[[Sesame Street]]'', and ''[[This Old House]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/shows/ |title=All Shows – PBS |website=PBS |access-date=June 11, 2018 }}</ref>
PBS is funded by a combination of [[List of PBS member stations|member station]] dues, the [[Corporation for Public Broadcasting]], [[pledge drive]]s, and donations from both [[Private foundation (United States)|private foundations]] and individual citizens. All proposed funding for programming is subject to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source.<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Funding Standards |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/producing-pbs/funding/ |url-status=live |access-date=May 19, 2018 |website=PBS |quote=Public television is a major participant in the great tradition of a free and independent American press. To protect public television's journalistic integrity, PBS's funding standards are premised on core principles that ensure the complete editorial independence of producers from influence by underwriters. While funding and fundraising are necessary to support the development and production of content, producers must be free from the influence of funders. This firewall is essential to maintaining the public's trust. |archive-date=May 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520030857/http://www.pbs.org/about/producing-pbs/funding/}}</ref> PBS has over 350 [[Network affiliate#Member stations|member television stations]], many owned by [[educational institution]]s, nonprofit groups both independent or affiliated with one particular local [[Public School District|public school district]] or collegiate educational institution, or entities owned by or related to [[State governments of the United States|state government]].<ref name="Station Index">{{cite web |title=Network Profile: PBS |url=http://www.stationindex.com/tv/by-net/pbs |website=Station Index |access-date=February 4, 2016 |archive-date=February 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201042930/http://www.stationindex.com/tv/by-net/pbs |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{As of|2020|post=,}} PBS has nearly 350 member stations around the United States.<ref name=AED>{{cite web |date=30 January 2019 |editor=Cara O'Donnell |title=PBS Moves to New Crystal City HQ |url=https://www.arlingtoneconomicdevelopment.com/resources/blog/pbs-moves-to-new-crystal-city-hq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228044036/https://www.arlingtoneconomicdevelopment.com/resources/blog/pbs-moves-to-new-crystal-city-hq/ |archive-date=December 28, 2019 |access-date=10 September 2020 |publisher=Arlington Economic Development}}</ref>
==History==
[[File:2100 Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA April 2019.jpg|thumb|Former PBS headquarters in [[Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia]]]]
PBS was established on November 3, 1969, by [[Hartford N. Gunn Jr.]] (president of [[WGBH Educational Foundation|WGBH]]), [[John Macy]] (president of [[Corporation for Public Broadcasting|CPB]]), [[James Day (journalist)|James Day]] (last president of [[National Educational Television]]), and Kenneth A. Christiansen (chairman of the department of broadcasting at the [[University of Florida]]).<ref>{{cite news |date=January 14, 2000 |title=Articles of Incorporation of Public Broadcasting Service |url=http://www.current.org/pbpb/documents/PBSarticles69.html |newspaper=[[Current (newspaper)|Current]] |access-date=January 12, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010406090018/http://www.current.org/pbpb/documents/PBSarticles69.html |archive-date=April 6, 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
It began operations on October 5, 1970, taking over many of the functions of its predecessor, [[National Educational Television]] (NET), which later merged with [[Newark, New Jersey]] station WNDT to form [[WNET]]. In 1973, it merged with [[Educational Television Stations]].<ref name="JARVIK">{{cite book |title=PBS, behind the screen |author=Laurence Ariel Jarvik |publisher=Forum |location=[[Rocklin, California]] |year=1997 |isbn=0-7615-0668-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Public TV Faces Fund Struggles |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SelHAAAAIBAJ&pg=805,469633&dq=hartford+public+broadcasting+television+gunn&hl=en |newspaper=[[Record-Journal|The Morning Record]] |via=[[Google News]] |access-date=October 28, 2013 |archive-date=September 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906010404/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SelHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=n_8MAAAAIBAJ&pg=805,469633&dq=hartford+public+broadcasting+television+gunn&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Vanishing Vision: The Inside Story of Public Television |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dKYZynRiU6YC&q=hartford+n+gunn+jr&pg=PA137 |author=James Day |via=[[Google Books]] |date=September 16, 1969 | publisher=University of California Press |access-date=October 23, 2013 |isbn=978-0-520-08659-3 |archive-date=June 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628045327/https://books.google.com/books?id=dKYZynRiU6YC&q=hartford+n+gunn+jr&pg=PA137 |url-status=live}}</ref> Around the same time, the groups started out the National Public Affairs Broadcast Center (later National Public Affairs Center for Television), which offered news and national affairs to the service.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1971-08-30 |title=Public broadcasting gets it together |pages=46 |work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting Magazine]] |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/71-OCR/1971-08-30-BC-OCR-Page-0046.pdf |access-date=2023-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1971-09-27 |title=NPACT hires former NBC newsman |pages=38 |work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting Magazine]] |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/71-OCR/1971-09-27-BC-OCR-Page-0038.pdf |access-date=2023-07-15}}</ref> The group was later merged into member station [[WETA-TV]] in 1972.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1972-04-05 |title=Public Affairs Center and Capital's WETA to Join (Published 1972) |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/04/05/archives/public-affairs-center-and-capitals-weta-to-join.html |access-date=2021-01-01 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1972-04-10 |title=NPACT, Washington's WETA-TV to merge |pages=42 |work=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting Magazine]]}}</ref>
Immediately after public disclosure of the [[Watergate scandal]], on May 17, 1973, the [[United States Senate Watergate Committee]] commenced proceedings; PBS broadcast the proceedings nationwide, with [[Robert MacNeil]] and [[Jim Lehrer]] as commentators. Although all of the [[Big Three TV Networks]] ran coverage of the hearings, PBS re-broadcast them on [[prime time]].<ref>Graff, Garrett M. (2022). ''Watergate: A New History'' (1 ed.). New York: Avid Reader Press. pp. 443-444. {{ISBN|978-1-9821-3916-2}}. {{OCLC|1260107112}}</ref> For seven months, nightly "gavel-to-gavel" broadcasts drew great public interest, and raised the profile of the fledgling PBS network.<ref>[https://americanarchive.org/exhibits/watergate/watergate-and-public-broadcasting "'Gavel-to-Gavel': The Watergate Scandal and Public Television", ''American Archive of Public Broadcasting''. Retrieved November 10, 2019.]</ref>
In 1991, the [[Corporation for Public Broadcasting]] resumed funding for most PBS shows that debuted prior to 1977, with the exceptions of ''[[Washington Week|Washington Week in Review]]'' and ''[[Wall Street Week]]'' (CPB resumed funding of ''Washington Week'' in 1997).
In 1994, ''[[The Chronicle of Philanthropy]]'' released the results of the largest study on the popularity and credibility of charitable and non-profit organizations. PBS ranked as the 11th "most popular charity/non-profit in America" from over 100 charities researched in the study conducted by the industry publication, with 38.2% of Americans over the age of 12 choosing "love" and "like a lot" for PBS.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 13, 1996 |title=The Charities Americans Like Most And Least |work=The Chronicle of Philanthropy}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Karen S. Peterson |date=December 20, 1994 |title=Charity begins with health, Concern over diseases cited |edition=Final |page=01D |newspaper=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Laura Castaneda |date=December 13, 1994 |title=Survey helps firms choose charities |edition=Home Final |page=1D |newspaper=[[The Dallas Morning News]] |publisher=[[A. H. Belo|A. H. Belo Corporation]]}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Interview with Lavalle |date=September 7, 2009}}</ref>
Since the mid-2000s, [[GfK|Roper Opinion Research]] polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the ''most-trusted national institution'' in the United States.<ref name="PBS infographic">{{cite web |title=15 Years As America's Most Trusted Institution |url=http://bento.cdn.pbs.org/hostedbento-prod/filer_public/PBS_About/Files%20and%20Thumbnails/PBS_TrustBrochure2018.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611073823/http://bento.cdn.pbs.org/hostedbento-prod/filer_public/PBS_About/Files%20and%20Thumbnails/PBS_TrustBrochure2018.pdf |archive-date=June 11, 2018 |access-date=June 11, 2018 |website=PBS}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=PBS #1 in public trust for the sixth consecutive year, according to a national Roper survey |url=https://www.pbs.org/aboutpbs/news/20090213_pbsropersurvey.html |website=PBS |date=February 13, 2009 |access-date=July 14, 2009 |archive-date=July 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705213550/http://www.pbs.org/aboutpbs/news/20090213_pbsropersurvey.html |url-status=live}}</ref> A 2016{{ndash}}2017 study by [[Nielsen Media Research]] found 80% of all US television households view the network's programs over the course of a year.<ref name="About PBS" /> However, PBS is not responsible for all programming carried on public television stations, a large proportion of which may come from its [[Network affiliate|member stations]]—including [[WGBH-TV]], [[WETA-TV]], [[WNET]], [[WTTW]], [[WQED (TV)|WQED]], [[WHYY-TV]], [[Twin Cities PBS]]—[[American Public Television]], and independent producers. This distinction regarding the origin of different programs on the service presents a frequent source of viewer confusion.<ref>{{cite web |author=Michael Getler |author-link=Michael Getler |date=May 15, 2008 |title=Caution: That Program May Not Be From PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/ombudsman/2008/05/caution_that_program_may_not_be_from_pbs.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304103738/http://www.pbs.org/ombudsman/2008/05/caution_that_program_may_not_be_from_pbs.html |archive-date=March 4, 2012 |access-date=December 30, 2008 |website=PBS}}</ref>
In December 2009, PBS signed up for the [[Nielsen ratings]] [[audience measurement]] reports, and began to be included in its primetime and daily "Television Index" reports, alongside the major commercial broadcast networks.<ref>{{cite web |author=Bill Gorman |date=December 20, 2009 |title=PBS Signs Up For Nielsen Ratings |url=http://tvbythenumbers.com/2009/12/20/pbs-signs-up-for-nielsen-ratings/36822 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222215318/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2009/12/20/pbs-signs-up-for-nielsen-ratings/36822 |archive-date=December 22, 2009 |access-date=March 10, 2011 |work=[[TV by the Numbers]]}}</ref>
In May 2011, PBS announced that it would incorporate breaks containing underwriter spots for corporate and foundation sponsors, [[promo (media)|program promotions]] and identification spots within four breaks placed within episodes of ''[[Nature (TV series)|Nature]]'' and ''[[Nova (American TV series)|NOVA]]'', airing episodes broken up into segments of up to 15 minutes, rather than airing them as straight 50- to 55-minute episodes. The strategy began that fall, with the intent to expand the in-program breaks to the remainder of the schedule if successful.<ref>{{cite news |author=Elizabeth Jensen |date=May 30, 2011 |title=PBS Plans Promotional Breaks Within Programs |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/31/business/media/31adco.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=March 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402233604/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/31/business/media/31adco.html?_r=0 |archive-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref>
In 2011, PBS released [[mobile app|apps]] for [[iOS]] and [[Android (OS)|Android]] to allow viewing of full-length videos on mobile devices.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 7, 2011 |title=PBS Launches Free Full-Length Video App for iPhone and iPod touch and Antiques Roadshow Game App |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/blogs/news/pbs-launches-free-full-length-video-app-for-iphone-and-ipod-touch-and-antiques-roadshow-game-app/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819141455/http://www.pbs.org/about/blogs/news/pbs-launches-free-full-length-video-app-for-iphone-and-ipod-touch-and-antiques-roadshow-game-app/ |archive-date=August 19, 2016 |access-date=July 13, 2016 |website=PBS}}</ref> Vern Seward of ''The Mac Observer'' calls the PBS iPad App, "...cool on so many levels."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seward |first=Vern |date=October 29, 2010 |title=3 iPad Apps to Help Cut the Cable |url=https://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/3_for_cutting_the_cable |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003191458/https://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/3_for_cutting_the_cable |archive-date=October 3, 2020 |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=The Mac Observer}}</ref> An update in 2015 added [[Chromecast]] support.<ref>{{cite news |last1=King |first1=Bertel Jr. |date=July 9, 2015 |title=PBS Video For Android Can Now Stream Full Episodes To Your Chromecast |publisher=Android Police |url=http://www.androidpolice.com/2015/06/09/pbs-video-for-android-can-now-stream-full-episodes-to-your-chromecast/ |url-status=live |access-date=July 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821171137/http://www.androidpolice.com/2015/06/09/pbs-video-for-android-can-now-stream-full-episodes-to-your-chromecast/ |archive-date=August 21, 2016}}</ref>
"PBS UK" was launched as a paid subscription channel in the United Kingdom on November 1, 2011, featuring American documentary programming sourced from PBS. Better identifying its subject matter, this channel was renamed "[[PBS America]]" on July 4, 2012. The channel has subsequently become available in other parts of Europe and Australia.
On February 28, 2012, PBS partnered with AOL to launch ''[[Makers: Women Who Make America]]'', a digital documentary series focusing on high-achieving women in male-dominated industries such as war, comedy, space, business, Hollywood and politics.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Dwyer |first=Kate |date=March 28, 2016 |title=How You Can Be in the Music Video for Michelle Obama's Song With Zendaya and Lea Michele |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/makers-stories-app-michelle-obama-music-video |magazine=[[Teen Vogue]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302113908/http://www.teenvogue.com/story/makers-stories-app-michelle-obama-music-video |archive-date=March 2, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2012 |title=AOL and PBS Announce "Makers: Women Who Make America" |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/blogs/news/aol-and-pbs-announce-makers-women-who-make-america/ |publisher=PBS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805145825/http://www.pbs.org/about/blogs/news/aol-and-pbs-announce-makers-women-who-make-america/ |archive-date=August 5, 2017}}</ref>
PBS initially struggled to compete with online media such as [[YouTube]] for market share. In a 2012 speech to 850 top executives from PBS stations, Senior Vice President of Digital [[Jason Seiken]] warned that PBS was in danger of being disrupted by YouTube studios such as [[Maker Studios]]. In the speech, later described as a "seminal moment" for public television,<ref>{{cite news |date=May 29, 2012 |title=GMs take up PBS plan to expand web video output |url=http://current.org/2012/05/gms-take-up-pbs-plan-to-expand-web-video-output-2/ |newspaper=Current |access-date=July 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713072343/http://current.org/2012/05/gms-take-up-pbs-plan-to-expand-web-video-output-2/ |archive-date=July 13, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> he laid out his vision for a new style of PBS digital video production. Station leadership rallied around his vision and Seiken formed [[PBS Digital Studios]], which began producing educational but edgy videos, something Seiken called "PBS-quality with a YouTube sensibility".<ref>{{cite web |date=October 23, 2012 |title=Why PBS Autotuned Mr. Rogers |url=http://digiday.com/publishers/why-pbs-autotuned-mr-rogers/ |work=[[Digiday]] |access-date=February 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201042929/http://digiday.com/publishers/why-pbs-autotuned-mr-rogers/ |archive-date=February 1, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The studio's first hit, an auto-tuned version of the theme from one of their most famous television programs, ''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]'', was one of YouTube's 10 most viral videos of 2012.<ref>{{cite web |last=Stampler |first=Laura |date=December 3, 2012 |title=The 20 Most Viral Ads Of 2012 |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/these-are-the-20-most-viral-ads-of-2012-2012-12?op=1&IR=T |work=Business Insider |access-date=July 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143854/http://www.businessinsider.com/these-are-the-20-most-viral-ads-of-2012-2012-12?op=1&IR=T |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> By 2013, monthly video views on PBS.org had risen from 2 million to a quarter-billion, PBS.org traffic had surpassed that of the CBS, NBC, and ABC web sites, PBSKids.org had become the dominant US children's site for video, and PBS had won more 2013 [[Webby Awards]] than any other media company in the world.<ref>{{cite web |date=June 18, 2013 |title=How PBS Won at Digital |url=http://digiday.com/publishers/pbs-sees-success-with-year-old-digital-studios |work=Digiday |access-date=February 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201042930/http://digiday.com/publishers/pbs-sees-success-with-year-old-digital-studios/ |archive-date=February 1, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
On May 8, 2013, full-length episodes of PBS' prime time, news and children's programs were made available through the [[Roku]] streaming player; programming is available on Roku as separate streaming channels for "PBS" and "[[PBS Kids|PBS KIDS]]" content.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 8, 2013 |title=Roku's PBS, PBS Kids channels go live, stream full episodes |url=http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-33199_7-57583465-221/rokus-pbs-pbs-kids-channels-go-live-stream-full-episodes/ |work=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Corporation]] |access-date=May 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607065553/http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-33199_7-57583465-221/rokus-pbs-pbs-kids-channels-go-live-stream-full-episodes/ |archive-date=June 7, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Some content is only available with a {{visible anchor|PBS Passport}} member benefit subscription.<ref>{{cite news |last=Goldsmith |first=Jill |date=December 15, 2015 |title=PBS Passport serves up on-demand content for public TV's members |url=https://current.org/2015/12/pbs-passport-serves-up-on-demand-content-for-public-tvs-members/ |newspaper=Current |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921215304/https://current.org/2015/12/pbs-passport-serves-up-on-demand-content-for-public-tvs-members/ |archive-date=September 21, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
On July 1, 2016, [[Amazon Prime Video]] and PBS Distribution entered into a multi-year agreement which saw several PBS Kids series on other streaming services move to Amazon Prime Video.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Gettell |first=Oliver |date=July 1, 2016 |title='Daniel Tiger' and more PBS Kids shows leaving Netflix, Hulu |url=https://ew.com/article/2016/07/01/amazon-prime-pbs-kids-deal/ |url-status=live |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229225623/https://ew.com/article/2016/07/01/amazon-prime-pbs-kids-deal/ |archive-date=February 29, 2020 |access-date=April 14, 2020}}</ref>
PBS Distribution partnered with [[MultiChoice]] to launch [[PBS Kids|PBS KIDS]] on May 22, 2019, on [[DStv]] and [[GOtv]] subscription platforms across its [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] footprint.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 20, 2020 |title=More Children's Entertainment added to DStv and GOtv with the launch of PBS KIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://namibiadailynews.info/more-childrens-entertainment-added-to-dstv-and-gotv-with-the-launch-of-pbs-kids-in-sub-saharan-africa/ |newspaper=[[Namibia Daily News]] |access-date=May 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925193220/https://namibiadailynews.info/more-childrens-entertainment-added-to-dstv-and-gotv-with-the-launch-of-pbs-kids-in-sub-saharan-africa/ |archive-date=September 25, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> In mid-2021, the channel was added to Australia's [[Foxtel]] subscription platform.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 25, 2021 |title=Foxtel expands family offering with two new dedicated kids channels - DreamWorks and PBS KIDS |url=https://tvblackbox.com.au/page/2021/06/25/foxtel-expands-family-offering-with-two-new-dedicated-kids-channels-dreamworks-and-pbs-kids/ |website=TV Blackbox |access-date=June 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625163224/https://tvblackbox.com.au/page/2021/06/25/foxtel-expands-family-offering-with-two-new-dedicated-kids-channels-dreamworks-and-pbs-kids/ |archive-date=June 25, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
At the summer 2019 [[Television Critics Association]] press tour day for PBS on July 29, 2019, it was announced that MVPD [[YouTube TV]] would begin to carry PBS programming and member stations in the fall of 2019. Member stations have the choice of having their traditional channel on the service with its full programming schedule received by Google over-the-air and uploaded to the service, a YouTube TV-only feed provided by the station with some programming substitutions due to lack of digital rights, or a PBS-provided feed with limited localization, though with no local programming or pledge drive programming.<ref>{{cite news |last=Goldsmith |first=Jill |date=July 29, 2019 |title=PBS forges deal with YouTube TV for localized live streams |url=https://current.org/2019/07/pbs-forges-deal-with-youtube-tv-for-localized-live-streams/ |newspaper=Current |access-date=August 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730133745/https://current.org/2019/07/pbs-forges-deal-with-youtube-tv-for-localized-live-streams/ |archive-date=July 30, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2019, PBS announced plans to move its headquarters to another building in the Crystal Gateway complex, while remaining in [[Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia|Crystal City, Virginia]], and did so in 2020, which included a top building sign visible off the [[U.S. Route 1 in Virginia|Richmond Highway]].<ref>{{cite web |date=September 9, 2020 |title=Sign Proposed for Top of New PBS Headquarters in Crystal City |url=https://www.arlnow.com/2020/09/09/sign-proposed-for-top-of-new-pbs-headquarters-in-crystal-city/ |publisher=ARLnow |access-date=10 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914044828/https://www.arlnow.com/2020/09/09/sign-proposed-for-top-of-new-pbs-headquarters-in-crystal-city/ |archive-date=September 14, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Koma |editor-first=Alex |date=January 15, 2019 |title=PBS Agrees to Keep Headquarters in Crystal City, Plans to Relocate to New Building |url=https://www.arlnow.com/2019/01/15/pbs-agrees-to-keep-headquarters-in-crystal-city-plans-to-relocate-to-new-building/ |publisher=ARLnow |access-date=September 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620084011/https://www.arlnow.com/2019/01/15/pbs-agrees-to-keep-headquarters-in-crystal-city-plans-to-relocate-to-new-building/ |archive-date=June 20, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=AED />
On August 4, 2020, the [[Amazon Prime Video]] platform added a "PBS Documentaries" package.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 29, 2020 |title=PBS to launch documentary streamer via Prime Video Channels in boost to Amazon |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2020/07/29/pbs-to-launch-documentary-streamer-via-prime-video-channels-in-boost-to-amazon/ |website=Digital TV Europe |access-date=September 10, 2022 |archive-date=September 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910010904/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2020/07/29/pbs-to-launch-documentary-streamer-via-prime-video-channels-in-boost-to-amazon/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As of that time it offered four separately-subscribable selections of PBS programming in the United States, "PBS Documentaries", "PBS Living" (also on Apple TV), "PBS Masterpiece" (also in Canada) and "PBS KIDS".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watching PBS videos on other streaming services. |url=https://help.pbs.org/support/solutions/articles/12000060278-watching-pbs-videos-on-other-streaming-services- |website=PBS Help |access-date=September 10, 2022 |archive-date=September 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910002940/https://help.pbs.org/support/solutions/articles/12000060278-watching-pbs-videos-on-other-streaming-services- |url-status=live }}</ref> In the UK, a "PBS America" documentaries package is available on Amazon Prime Video.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SVOD Channels |url=https://pbsdistribution.org/services/svod-channels/ |website=PBS Distribution |access-date=September 10, 2022 |archive-date=September 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910003815/https://pbsdistribution.org/services/svod-channels/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
On September 3, 2020, PBS began to offer a livestream of their member stations for free via its website (as well as the websites from the member stations), on smart TVs, and on their mobile apps. However, only a small handful of stations currently do not have a livestream of their stations set up.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gurwin |first=Jason |date=September 3, 2020 |title=PBS Launches Free Live Local Streaming of PBS Stations |url=https://thestreamable.com/news/pbs-launches-live-local-streaming-of-pbs-stations |publisher=The Streamable |access-date=December 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022153209/https://thestreamable.com/news/pbs-launches-live-local-streaming-of-pbs-stations |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Jefferson Graham of ''[[USA Today]]'' called it, "Arguably the best bargain in streaming".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Jefferson |date=January 15, 2020 |title=Sure, PBS is now on YouTubeTV, but free streaming app a better deal |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2020/01/15/pbs-now-youtube-tv-but-not-sling-and-hulu-live-tv/4454284002/ |website=USA Today |access-date=January 6, 2023 |archive-date=January 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106005019/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2020/01/15/pbs-now-youtube-tv-but-not-sling-and-hulu-live-tv/4454284002/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
July 1, 2021 saw a PBS Julia Child channel be added to [[Pluto TV]] in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS Distribution |url=https://www.facebook.com/PBSDistribution.org/posts/940198203213362 |date=6 July 2021 |work=Facebook |access-date=September 10, 2022}}</ref>
The channels "PBS Antiques Roadshow", "Julia Child", "Antiques Road Trip" and "PBS Nature" were added to a number of American FAST platforms in January 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-19 |title=PBS and WNET Group Launch FAST Channels on Plex |url=https://www.adweek.com/lostremote/pbs-distribution-and-wnet-group-launch-fast-channels-on-plex/70799/ |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=www.adweek.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
The channels "PBS Food" (in the United States) and "PBS History" (in the UK and Australia) launched on certain FAST platforms in late 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bouma |first=Luke |date=2023-11-20 |title=PBS is Launching a New Free Channel Called PBS Food On Amazon's Freevee, Plex, & The Roku Channel |url=https://cordcuttersnews.com/pbs-is-launching-a-new-free-channel-called-pbs-food-on-amazons-freevee-plex-the-roku-channel/ |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=Cord Cutters News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bouma |first=Luke |date=2023-12-15 |title=Plex Adds Over 20 New Free Channels This Week |url=https://cordcuttersnews.com/plex-adds-over-20-new-free-channels-this-week/ |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=Cord Cutters News |language=en-US}}</ref>
==Operations==
Even with its status as a non-profit<ref name=Miss /><ref name=Brit>{{cite encyclopaedia |title=Public Broadcasting Service |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Public-Broadcasting-Service |encyclopaedia=Britannica|date=September 15, 2023 }}</ref> and educational television network, PBS engages in program distribution, providing television content and related services to its member stations, each of which together cooperatively owns the network.<ref name=FAQ /> Unlike the affiliates for commercial TV networks, each non-profit PBS member station is charged with the responsibility of programming local content such as news, interviews, cultural, and [[public affairs (broadcasting)|public affairs]] programs for its individual market or state that supplements content provided by PBS and other public television distributors.
In a [[commercial broadcasting|commercial broadcast]] [[television network]] structure, affiliates give up portions of their local advertising airtime in exchange for carrying network programming, and the network pays its affiliates a share of the revenue it earns from advertising. By contrast, PBS member stations pay fees for the shows acquired and distributed by the national organization. Under this relationship, PBS member stations have greater latitude in local scheduling than their commercial broadcasting counterparts. Scheduling of PBS-distributed series may vary greatly depending on the market. This can be a source of tension as stations seek to preserve their localism, and PBS strives to market a consistent national lineup. However, PBS has a policy of "common carriage", which requires most stations to clear the national prime time programs on a common [[broadcast programming|programming]] schedule to market them nationally more effectively. Management at former [[Los Angeles]] member [[KCET]] cited unresolvable financial and programming disputes among its major reasons for leaving PBS after over 40 years in January 2011, although it would return to PBS in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Los Angeles PBS affiliate KCET exits network fold to go independent |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2010/10/sorry-charlie-rose-los-angeles-pbs-affiliate-kcet-exits-network-fold-to-go-independent-.html |author=Scott Collins |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=October 8, 2010 |access-date=March 12, 2015 |archive-date=April 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415153244/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2010/10/sorry-charlie-rose-los-angeles-pbs-affiliate-kcet-exits-network-fold-to-go-independent-.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
Although PBS has a set schedule of programming, particularly in regard to its [[prime time]] schedule, member stations reserve the right to schedule PBS-distributed programming in other time slots or not clear it at all if they choose to do so; few of the service's members carry all its programming. Most PBS stations [[Timeshift channel|timeshift]] some distributed programs. Once PBS accepts a program offered for distribution, PBS, rather than the originating member station, retains exclusive rebroadcasting rights during an agreed period. Suppliers, however, retain the right to sell the program's intellectual property in non-broadcast media such as [[DVD]]s, books, and sometimes PBS-[[merchandising|licensed merchandise]].
==Programming==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2022}}
{{Main|List of programs broadcast by PBS}}
The evening and primetime schedule on PBS features a diverse array of programming including [[fine arts]] (''[[Great Performances]]''); [[drama]] (''[[Masterpiece (TV series)|Masterpiece]]'', ''[[Downton Abbey]]'', ''[[American Family (2002 TV series)|American Family: Journey of Dreams]]''); [[science]] (''[[Nova (American TV series)|Nova]]'', ''[[Nature (TV series)|Nature]]''); [[history]] (''[[American Experience]]'', ''[[American Masters]]'', ''[[History Detectives]]'', ''[[Antiques Roadshow (U.S. TV series)|Antiques Roadshow]]''); [[music]] (''[[Austin City Limits]]'', ''[[Soundstage (TV series)|Soundstage]]''); [[Public affairs (broadcasting)|public affairs]] (''[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]'', ''[[PBS NewsHour]]'', ''[[Washington Week]]'', [[Nightly Business Report]]); [[independent film]]s and [[documentary film|documentaries]] (''[[POV (TV series)|P.O.V.]]'', ''[[Independent Lens]]''); [[home improvement]] (''[[This Old House]]''); and [[talk show|interviews]] (''[[Amanpour & Company]]'', ''[[Tavis Smiley (TV series)|Tavis Smiley]]'', ''[[The Dick Cavett Show]]''). In 2012, PBS began organizing much of its prime time programming around a genre-based schedule (for example, drama series encompass the Sunday schedule, while science-related programs are featured on Wednesdays).
PBS broadcasts children's programming under the [[PBS Kids]] branding as part of the service's (and including content supplied by other distributors not programmed by the service, its member stations') morning and afternoon schedule. As the children's programs it distributes are intended to educate as well as entertain its target audience, PBS and its stations have long been in compliance with [[E/I|educational programming]] guidelines set by the [[Federal Communications Commission]] in response to the enactment of the [[Children's Television Act|Children's Television Act of 1990]]. Many member stations have historically also broadcast [[distance education]] and other [[instructional television]] programs, typically during daytime slots; though with the advent of digital television, which has allowed stations to carry these programs on [[digital subchannel]]s in lieu of the main PBS feed or exclusively over online, many member stations/networks have replaced distance education content with children's and other programming.
Unlike its radio counterpart, [[National Public Radio]], PBS does not have a central program production arm or news division. All of the programming carried by PBS, whether news, documentary or entertainment, is created by (or in most cases produced under contract with) other parties, such as individual member stations. [[Boston]] member [[WGBH-TV]] is one of the largest producers of [[educational television]] programming, including shows like ''[[American Experience]]'', ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'' (with Canada-based [[Cookie Jar Group|CINAR]]), ''[[Masterpiece Theatre]]'', ''[[Nova (American TV series)|Nova]]'', ''[[Antiques Roadshow (American TV program)|Antiques Roadshow]]'' and ''[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]'', as well as many other children's and lifestyle programs. News programs are produced by [[WETA-TV]] (''[[PBS Newshour]]'') in [[Washington, D.C.]], [[WNET]] in [[New York City]] and [[WPBT]] in [[Miami, Florida|Miami]]. Newark, New Jersey/[[New York City]] member [[WNET]] produces or distributes programs such as ''[[Secrets of the Dead]]'', ''[[Nature (TV series)|Nature]],'' and ''[[Cyberchase]]''. PBS also works with other networks for programming such as [[CNN International]] for ''[[Amanpour & Company]]'' which is a co-production of CNN International and WNET.
PBS member stations are known for rebroadcasting British television [[costume drama]]s, [[Britcoms|comedies]] and [[science fiction on television|science fiction]] programs (acquired from the [[BBC]] and other sources) such as ''[[Downton Abbey]]''; ''[['Allo 'Allo!]]''; ''[[Are You Being Served?]]''; ''[[The Benny Hill Show]]'', ''[[Red Dwarf]]''; ''[[The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin]]''; ''[[Father Ted]]''; ''[[Fawlty Towers]]''; ''[[Harry Enfield & Chums]]''; ''[[Keeping Up Appearances]]''; ''[[Monty Python's Flying Circus]]''; ''[[Mr. Bean]]'', ''[[The Vicar of Dibley]]'', the original run of ''[[Doctor Who]]'', and ''[[Sherlock (TV series)|Sherlock]]''. However, a significant amount of sharing takes place. The BBC and British broadcasters such as [[Channel 4]] often cooperate with PBS stations, producing material that is shown on both sides of the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]]. Less frequently, Canadian, Australian and other international programming appears on PBS stations (such as ''[[The Red Green Show]]'', currently distributed by syndicator Executive Program Services); public broadcasting syndicators are more likely to offer this programming to U.S.-based public television stations.
PBS is not the only distributor of public television programming to the member stations. Other distributors have emerged from the roots of companies that maintained loosely held regional public television stations in the 1960s. [[Boston]]-based [[American Public Television]] (which, among other names, was formerly known as Eastern Educational Network and the American Program Service) is second only to PBS for distributing programs to U.S. non-commercial stations. Another distributor is NETA (formerly SECA), whose properties have included ''[[The Shapies]]'' and ''Jerry Yarnell School of Fine Art''. In addition, the member stations themselves also produce a variety of local shows, some of which subsequently receive national distribution through PBS or other distributors.
[[Rerun|Rerun programming]], especially domestic programming not originally produced for public television, is generally uncommon on PBS or its member stations. The most prominent exception to this is ''[[The Lawrence Welk Show]]'', which has aired continuously in reruns on PBS (through the [[Oklahoma Educational Television Authority]]) almost every weekend since 1986. Reruns of programs originally produced for public television are common, especially with former PBS shows whose hosts have retired or died (for example, ''[[The Joy of Painting]]'' and ''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]''). Children's programming (such as ''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' and ''[[DragonflyTV]]'', the latter of which is also syndicated on commercial television) is rerun extensively. In 2020 and 2021, PBS served as the over-the-air home to select specials from the [[Peanuts filmography|''Peanuts'' library]], under sublicense from [[Apple Inc.|Apple]];<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-to-broadcast-three-peanuts-specials-this-holiday-season/ |title=PBS to Broadcast Three Peanuts Specials This Holiday Season |website=PBS |access-date=October 18, 2021 |archive-date=October 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018234238/https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-to-broadcast-three-peanuts-specials-this-holiday-season/ |url-status=live}}</ref> the deal was not renewed in 2022.<ref name="cbs-pbsnopeanuts">{{cite news |last1=O'Kane |first1=Caitlin |title="A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving" and the series' other holiday specials will not air on TV this year. Here's how to watch them for free |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-to-stream-charlie-brown-thanksgiving-holiday-specials-apple-tv-plus/ |access-date=January 26, 2024 |work=[[CBS News]] |date=November 17, 2022}}</ref>
===PBS Kids===
{{Main|PBS Kids}}
Launched as PTV on July 11, 1994, PBS Kids is the brand for [[children's programming|children's programs]] aired by PBS. The PBS Kids Channel, launched in 1999 and operated until 2005, was largely funded by satellite provider [[DirecTV]]. The original channel ceased operations on September 26, 2005, in favor of [[Universal Kids|PBS Kids Sprout]], a commercial [[digital cable]] and [[satellite television]] channel originally operated as a joint venture between PBS, [[Comcast]], [[Sesame Workshop]] and [[Apax Partners]] ([[NBCUniversal]], which Comcast acquired in 2011, later acquired the other partners' interests in the channel in 2012). However, the original programming block still exists on PBS, filling daytime and in some cases, weekend morning schedules on its member stations; many members also carry 24-hour locally programmed children's networks featuring PBS Kids content on one of their digital subchannels. A revived version of the PBS Kids Channel was launched on January 16, 2017. As of 2019, PBS Kids is the only children's programming block on U.S. broadcast television.
As PBS is often known for doing, PBS Kids has broadcast imported series from other countries; these include British series originally broadcast by the [[BBC]] and [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]. Through American Public Television, many PBS stations also began airing the Australian series ''[[RAGGS Kids Club Band|Raggs]]'' on June 4, 2007. Some of the programs broadcast as part of the service's children's lineup or through public broadcast syndication directly to its members have subsequently been syndicated to commercial television outlets (such as ''[[Ghostwriter (1992 TV series)|Ghostwriter]]'' and ''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'').
===Sports===
Many PBS member stations and networks—including [[Mississippi Public Broadcasting]] ([[Mississippi High School Activities Association|MHSAA]]), [[Georgia Public Broadcasting]] ([[Georgia High School Association|GHSA]]), [[Maine Public Broadcasting Network]] ([[Maine Principals' Association|MPA]]), [[Iowa PBS]] ([[Iowa Girls High School Athletic Union|IGHSAU]]), [[Nebraska Public Media]] ([[Nebraska School Activities Association|NSAA]]), and [[WKYU-TV]] ([[Western Kentucky Hilltoppers]])—locally broadcast [[high school]] and college sports. From the 1980s onward, the national PBS network has not typically carried sporting events, mainly because the broadcast rights to most sporting events have become more cost-prohibitive in that timeframe, especially for nonprofits with limited revenue potential; in addition, starting with the respective launches of the [[MountainWest Sports Network]] (now defunct) and [[Big Ten Network]] in 2006 and 2007 and the later launches of the [[Pac-12 Network]] and [[ESPN|ESPN's]] [[SEC Network]] and [[ACC Network]], [[athletic conference]]s have acquired rights for all of their member university's sports programs for their cable channels, restricting their use from PBS member stations, even those associated with their own universities.
From 1976 to 1989, [[KQED (TV)|KQED]] produced a series of [[Bundesliga]] matches under the banner ''[[Soccer Made in Germany]]'', with [[Toby Charles]] announcing. PBS also carried [[tennis]] events, as well as [[Ivy League]] football. Notable football commentators included [[Upton Bell]], [[Marty Glickman]], [[Bob Casciola]], [[Brian Dowling (American football)|Brian Dowling]], [[Sean McDonough]] and [[Jack Corrigan (sportscaster)|Jack Corrigan]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Mark |title=Penn Football Tapes 1980–1989 |url=http://www.letsgoquakers.com/football1980s.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021004075329/http://www.letsgoquakers.com/football1980s.htm |archive-date=4 October 2002 |access-date=March 10, 2011 |publisher=Penn Quaker Basketball & Football Tapes}}</ref> Other sports programs included interview series such as ''[[The Way It Was (TV series)|The Way It Was]]'' and ''The Sporting Life''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jim Palmer jockeys from underwear to PBS |url=http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl/1985_251842/jim-palmer-jockeys-from-underwear-to-pbs.html |newspaper=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=April 17, 1985 |first1=Ann |last1=Hodges |access-date=October 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133716/http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl/1985_251842/jim-palmer-jockeys-from-underwear-to-pbs.html |archive-date=November 19, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Governance==
The board of directors is responsible for governing and setting policy for PBS, consisting of 27 members: 14 professional directors (station managers), 12 general directors (outside directors), and the PBS president.<ref name=about-board>{{cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/board-directors/ |website=PBS |access-date=October 27, 2015 |archive-date=October 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024092447/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/board-directors/ |url-status=live}}</ref> All PBS Board members serve three-year terms, without pay.<ref name=about-board/> PBS member stations elect the 14 professional directors; the board elects the 12 general directors and appoints the PBS president and CEO; and the entire board elects its officers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Donald A. Baer Elected Chair of PBS Board of Directors |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/blogs/news/donald-a-baer-elected-chair-of-pbs-board-of-directors/ |date= October 29, 2014 |website=PBS |access-date=October 27, 2015 |archive-date=February 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201042929/http://www.pbs.org/about/blogs/news/donald-a-baer-elected-chair-of-pbs-board-of-directors/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
==Member stations==
{{main|List of PBS member stations}}
{{As of|March 2015}}, PBS maintains current memberships with 354 television stations encompassing 50 states, the District of Columbia and four U.S. possessions;<ref name="Station Index" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Stations for Network - PBS |url=http://www.rabbitears.info/search.php?request=network_search&network=PBS |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817201438/http://www.rabbitears.info/search.php?request=network_search&network=PBS |archive-date=17 August 2011 |access-date=March 12, 2015 |work=RabbitEars.info}}</ref> as such, it is the only television broadcaster in the United States—commercial or non-commercial—which has station partners licensed in every U.S. state (by comparison, none of the five major commercial broadcast networks has affiliates in certain states where PBS has members, most notably [[New Jersey]]). The service has an estimated national reach of 93.74% of all households in the United States (or 292,926,047 Americans with at least one television set).
PBS stations are commonly operated by [[nonprofit organization]]s, state agencies, local authorities (such as municipal boards of education), or [[university|universities]] in their [[city of license]]; this is similar (albeit more centralized in states where a licensee owns multiple stations rebroadcasting the main PBS member) to the early model of commercial broadcasting in the U.S., in which network-affiliated stations were initially owned by companies that owned few to no other television stations elsewhere in the country. In some U.S. states, a group of PBS stations throughout the entire state may be organized into a single regional "subnetwork" (such as [[Alabama Public Television]] and [[Arkansas PBS]]); in this model, PBS programming and other content is distributed by the originating station in the subnetwork to other [[broadcast relay station|full-power stations that serve as satellites as well as any low-power translators]] in other areas of the state. Some states may be served by such a regional network and simultaneously have PBS member stations in a certain city (such as the case with secondary member [[KBDI-TV]] in [[Denver]], which is not related to [[Colorado]] member network [[Rocky Mountain PBS]] and its [[flagship (broadcasting)|flagship station]] and primary Denver PBS member, KRMA-TV) that operate autonomously from the regional member network.
As opposed to the present commercial broadcasting model in which network programs are often carried exclusively on one television station in a given market, PBS may maintain more than one member station in certain markets, which may be owned by the licensee of the market's primary PBS member station or owned by a separate licensee (as a prime example, [[KOCE-TV]], [[KLCS]] and [[KVCR-DT]]—which are all individually owned—serve as PBS stations for the Los Angeles [[media market|market]]; KCET served as the market's primary PBS member until it left the service in January 2011,<ref>{{cite news |title=KOCE takes over as top PBS station after KCET cuts ties with network |url=http://pedrowatcher.ocregister.com/2010/10/08/koce-takes-over-as-top-pbs-station-after-kcet-cuts-ties-with-network/28174/ |author=Peter Larsen |newspaper=[[Orange County Register]] |publisher=[[Freedom Communications]] |date=October 8, 2010 |access-date=March 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010023551/http://pedrowatcher.ocregister.com/2010/10/08/koce-takes-over-as-top-pbs-station-after-kcet-cuts-ties-with-network/28174/ |archive-date=October 10, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> at which time it was replaced by KOCE). KCET rejoined PBS in 2019, thus giving the Los Angeles area four different member stations.
For these cases, PBS utilizes the Program Differentiation Plan, which divides by percentage the number of programs distributed by the service that each member can carry on their schedule; often, this assigns a larger proportion of PBS-distributed programming to the primary member station, with the secondary members being allowed to carry a lesser number of program offerings from the service's schedule. Unlike public broadcasters in most other countries, PBS cannot own any of the stations that broadcasts its programming; therefore, it is one of the few television programming bodies that does not have any [[owned-and-operated station]]s. This is partly due to the origins of the PBS stations themselves, and partly due to historical [[broadcast license]] issues.
===Participating stations===
Most PBS member stations have produced at least some nationally distributed programs. Current regularly scheduled programming on the [[PBS Satellite Service|PBS national feed]] is produced by a smaller group of stations, including:
* [[WGBH-TV]] (''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'', ''[[Nova (American TV series)|NOVA]]'', ''[[Masterpiece (TV series)|Masterpiece]]'', ''[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]]'', ''[[Martha Speaks (TV series)|Martha Speaks]]'', ''[[Peep and the Big Wide World]]'', ''[[Curious George (TV series)|Curious George]]'', ''[[Lidia's Kitchen]]'', ''[[Design Squad]]'', ''[[Jamie Oliver]]'', etc.)
* [[WNET]] (''[[Nature (TV series)|Nature]]'', ''[[PBS NewsHour|PBS NewsHour Weekend]]'', ''[[Cyberchase]]'', ''[[Amanpour & Company]]'', ''[[Wishbone (TV Series)|Wishbone]]'' etc.)
** Previously [[Connecticut Public Television]] and now WNET (''[[Barney & Friends]]'', ''[[Bob the Builder]]'', ''[[Thomas & Friends]]'', etc.)
* [[WETA-TV]] (''[[PBS NewsHour]]'', ''[[Washington Week]]'', ''[[A Capitol Fourth]] (annually)'', ''[[America's Test Kitchen]]'', ''[[This Old House]]'', ''[[Pati Jinich|Pati's Mexican Table]]'', ''[[BBC World News]]'', etc.)
* [[WTTW]] (''[[Nature Cat]]'', ''[[WordWorld]]'', ''[[Kidsongs]]'')
* [[Maryland Public Television]] (''[[MotorWeek]]'', ''[[Space Racers]]'', ''[[Wimzie's House]]'', ''[[Zoboomafoo]]'', ''[[Julia Child]]'')
* [[KLRU]] (''[[Austin City Limits]]'')
* [[KCET]] (''[[Sid the Science Kid]]'', ''[[Lost L.A.]]'')
* [[KQED (TV)|KQED]] (''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!]]'', ''[[Yan Can Cook|Yan Can Cook: Spice Kingdom]]'')
* [[Oregon Public Broadcasting]] (''[[History Detectives]]'', ''[[Rick Steves' Europe]]'' (season 10))
* [[PBS North Carolina]] (''[[The Woodwright's Shop]]'')
* [[South Carolina ETV]] (''[[Studio See]]'', ''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'', ''[[A Chef's Life]]'')
* [[WXXI-TV]] (''[[Biz Kid$]]'')
* [[WQED (TV)|WQED]] (''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]'')
* [[Twin Cities PBS]] (KTCA-TV/KTCI-TV) (''[[Newton's Apple]]'', ''[[DragonflyTV]]'', ''[[SciGirls]]'', ''[[Hero Elementary]]'')
* [[KCTS-TV]] (''[[Rick Steves' Europe]]'')
* [[Arkansas PBS]] (''[[State of the Art]]'')
* [[WYES-TV]] (''[[Kevin Belton]]'')
==PBS networks==
{| class= "wikitable"
|-
! Network !! Notes
|-
|style="text-align:center;| [[File:PBS Kids logo (2022).svg|frameless|126x126px]]<br />'''[[PBS Kids]]'''
| A programming block that provides [[children's television program]]s. The block was formerly called PTV Park. Launched as a 24/7 network in 1999 that was dissolved in 2005 and subsequently revived in 2017.
|-
|style="text-align:center;|'''[[PBS Satellite Service]]''' || A 24-hour alternate network feed that provides a mixed variety of programming selected from the main PBS service, as well as for carriage on programming tiers of satellite providers.
|}
PBS has [[Corporate spin-off|spun off]] a number of [[television network]]s, often in partnership with other media companies. [[PBS YOU]], a distance education and how-to service operated between 2000 and 2006, and was largely succeeded by [[Create (TV network)|Create]] (a similarly formatted network owned by American Public Television). The 24-hour PBS Kids Channel has had two iterations in the age of [[digital television]]; one which existed between 1999 and 2005 (being superseded by PBS Kids Sprout), and the current version which was launched in 2017. [[World (TV network)|World]] began operations in 2007 as a service operated by PBS but is now managed by American Public Television.
PBS has also restructured its satellite feed system, simplifying [[PBS-HD|HD02 (PBS West)]] into a timeshift feed for the [[Pacific Time Zone]], rather than a high-definition complement to its formerly primary SD feed. [[PBS Kids Go!]] was proposed as a replacement broadcast network for the original 1999–2005 version of the PBS Kids Channel; however, plans to launch the network were folded in 2006. Programming from the PBS Satellite Service has also been carried by certain member stations or regional member networks to fill their overnight schedules (particularly those that have transitioned to a 24-hour schedule since the late 1990s), in lieu of providing programming sourced from outside public television distributors or repeats of local programming (program promotions shown on the satellite feed advertise upcoming programs as being aired on PBS during the timeslot card normally used as a placeholder for member outlets to insert local airtime information).
Some or all of these services are available on a digital cable tier of many cable providers, on a [[FTA receiver|free-to-air (FTA) satellite receiver]] receiving from [[PBS Satellite Service]], as well as via subscription-based [[direct broadcast satellite]] providers. With the exception of Sprout, some of these services, including those from PBS member stations and networks, have not made contracts with Internet-distributed [[over-the-top content|over-the-top]] [[multichannel video programming distributor|MVPD]] services such as [[Sling TV]] and the now defunct [[PlayStation Vue]]. With the transition to over-the-air [[digital television]] broadcasts, many of the services are also often now available as standard-definition [[Multicast#Television|multicast]] channels on the digital signals of some member stations, while HD02 (PBS West) serves as a secondary HD feed. With the absence of [[advertising]], network identification on these PBS networks was limited to utilization at the end of the program, which includes the standard series of [[Commercial bumper|bumpers]] from the "Be More" campaign.
===Independent networks===
While not operated or controlled by PBS proper, additional public broadcasting networks are available and carried by PBS member stations. The following three are also distributed by PBS via satellite.
{| class= "wikitable"
|-
! Channel !! Programming !! Origin
|-
|| [[Create (TV network)|Create]] || Educational and artistic programming || rowspan="2"|American Public Television
|-
|| [[World Channel|World]] || News and documentaries
|-
|| [[First Nations Experience]] || Indigenous programming || [[San Bernardino Community College District]]
|}
From 2002 to 2011, [[Buffalo, New York]] member station [[WNED-TV]] operated [[ThinkBright|ThinkBright TV]], a service that was carried on several stations in upstate [[New York (state)|New York]]. Several state networks also offer a [[Public affairs (broadcasting)|public affairs]] subchannel network offering full-time coverage of state government events and legislative/judicial proceedings in the same vein as [[C-SPAN]]'s coverage of the federal government. Many PBS stations also carried MHz Worldview from the [[MHz Networks]] until 2020 when MHz Networks announced its discontinuation of the network on March 1, 2020. Since then, many stations has switched to World Channel as well as [[First Nations Experience]].
A separate but related concept is the state network, where a group of stations across a state simulcast a single programming schedule from a central facility, which may include specialty subchannels unique to that broadcaster.
== Visual identity ==
{{multiple image
| direction = vertical
| width = 125
| image1 = PBS 1971 id.svg
| alt1 = PBS logo from 1971 to 1984
| caption1 = PBS's second logo, the first iteration to include the "P-Head" element.
| image2 = PBS (1984-2019) logo.svg
| alt2 = PBS logo from 1984 to 2019, as seen in 2002.
| caption2 = PBS's third logo, as used from 1984 to<!-- Don't remove the logo. --> 2019. The logo pictured is the 2002 version.
| image3 = PBS logo 1970.svg
| alt3 = PBS logo from 1970 to 1971.
| caption3 = PBS logo from 1970 to 1971, with the same colors as the NET logo from 1967.
| image4 = PBS with Wordmark 1984.svg
| alt4 = PBS logo from 1984 to 1989.
| caption4 = PBS logo from 1984 to 1989.
| image5 = PBS print 1989.png
| alt5 = PBS logo from 1989 to 1992.
| caption5 = PBS logo from 1989 to 1992.
| image6 = PBS print 1992.png
| alt6 = PBS logo from 1992 to 1996.
| caption6 = PBS logo from 1992 to 1996.
| image7 = PBS print 1996.png
| alt7 = PBS logo from 1996 to 1998.
| caption7 = PBS logo from 1996 to 1998.
| image8 = PBS (Alt) logo.svg
| alt8 = PBS Alternate logo from 1984 to 2019.
| caption8 = PBS Alternate logo from 1984 to 2019.
}}
PBS introduced its first iconographic logo in 1971, a multi-colored [[wordmark]] of the network's initials with the P designed to resemble a [[silhouette]] of a human face. The logo was designed by Ernie Smith and [[Herb Lubalin]] of the Lubalin Smith Carnase design firm.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dunning |first=Jennifer |date=April 4, 2004 |title=Ernie Smith, 79, Jazz and Dance Authority |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/14/arts/ernie-smith-79-jazz-and-dance-authority.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=December 2, 2019 |quote=He worked at several advertising agencies in New York. Among them were Sudler & Hennessy and Lubalin, Smith & Carnase, where he developed a logo for PBS. |archive-date=December 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202230546/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/14/arts/ernie-smith-79-jazz-and-dance-authority.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sandomir |first=Richard |date=March 23, 2018 |title=Lawrence K. Grossman, Head of PBS and Then NBC News, Dies at 86 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/23/obituaries/lawrence-k-grossman-head-of-pbs-and-then-nbc-news-dies-at-86.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=December 2, 2019 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=December 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202230543/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/23/obituaries/lawrence-k-grossman-head-of-pbs-and-then-nbc-news-dies-at-86.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Lubalin's human face "P", known internally at PBS as "Everyman", but more commonly known as the "P-Head", became the basis for all subsequent PBS logos.<ref name=Identify>{{cite book |last1=Chermayeff |first1=Ivan |last2=Geismar |first2=Tom |last3=Haviv |first3=Sagi |year=2011 |title=Identify: Basic Principles of Identity Design in the Iconic Trademarks of Chermayeff & Geismar |url={{GBurl|zlfQMDP8LpoC|pg=PA68}} |page=68 |publisher=[[F+W]] |isbn=978-1-440-31032-4}}</ref>
In 1984, PBS introduced a new version of the logo, designed by [[Tom Geismar]] of [[Chermayeff & Geismar & Haviv|Chermayeff & Geismar]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Heller |first=Steven |date=December 14, 2003 |title=ART; A Laboratory for Sign Language |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/14/books/art-a-laboratory-for-sign-language.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=December 2, 2019 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=December 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202230544/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/14/books/art-a-laboratory-for-sign-language.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Chermayeff & Geismar felt that the Lubalin-designed logo was too similar to those of the three dominant commercial networks of the time, and they sought "to develop a symbol that could stand for the more inclusive concept of 'public television{{' "}}. They inverted Lubalin's Everyman "P" to face to the right instead of the left, and repeated the outline as a series to represent a "multitude" of people. The symbol was subsequently renamed "Everyone".<ref name="Identify"/> The repeated outline of the face has also been interpreted to suggest a degree of [[multiculturalism]], as well as the public service aspect of the PBS mission.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gernsheimer |first=Jack |year=2008 |title=Designing Logos: The Process of Creating Symbols that Endure |url={{GBurl|E9w61v7UyR4C|pg=PA125}} |page=125 |publisher=[[Skyhorse Publishing|Allworth Press]] |isbn=978-1-581-15649-2}}</ref>
The logo has been used in various forms since: from 1998 onward, the Geismar logo has been rendered in white on a circle.<ref name=Identify />
On November 4, 2019, in honor of the network's 50th anniversary, PBS unveiled a revamped [[brand identity]] by [[Lippincott (brand consultancy)|Lippincott]], intended to be better-suited for use on digital platforms. The Geismar logo was tweaked, a new custom [[sans-serif]] typeface was commissioned for the logo and other branding elements (which replaces the [[slab serif]] typeface used in the PBS logo since 1984), and [[electric blue (color)|electric blue]] and white were adopted as corporate colors.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Smith |first=Lilly |date=November 4, 2019 |title=PBS's new brand is anything but radical—and that's the whole point |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90425497/pbs-unveils-a-new-brand-for-a-new-media-landscape |magazine=[[Fast Company]] |access-date=December 2, 2019 |archive-date=December 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213085631/https://www.fastcompany.com/90425497/pbs-unveils-a-new-brand-for-a-new-media-landscape |url-status=live}}</ref> The network is allowing flexibility in implementation, but is no longer allowing the logo to be displayed independently of the PBS name. Upon the launch of the new logo, some members rebranded themselves to include PBS in their name for the first time, such as Wisconsin Public Television rebranding as [[PBS Wisconsin]].<ref name=Goldsmith>{{Cite news |last=Goldsmith |first=Jill |date=November 4, 2019 |title=PBS begins rollout of electric-blue brand refresh |url=https://current.org/2019/11/pbs-begins-rollout-of-electric-blue-brand-refresh/ |newspaper=Current |access-date=December 3, 2019 |archive-date=November 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112173243/https://current.org/2019/11/pbs-begins-rollout-of-electric-blue-brand-refresh/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Faw |first=Larissa |date=November 5, 2019 |title=PBS Overhauls Logo For 2020 |url=https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/342923/pbs-overhauls-logo-for-2020.html |agency=Mediapost |access-date=December 2, 2019 |archive-date=November 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106230117/https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/342923/pbs-overhauls-logo-for-2020.html |url-status=live}}</ref> PBS is paying out grants to at least 100 members to cover costs associated with the rebranding.<ref name=Goldsmith />
==Reception==
===Critical response===
''PBS'' has been praised by critics for its variety of programming.<ref name=Framke>{{Cite magazine |last=Framke |first=Caroline |date=August 1, 2018 |url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/columns/pbs-tca-2018-ann-curry-finding-your-roots-1202892459/ |title=PBS: An Appreciation for the Vegetables of TV (Column) |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216165939/https://variety.com/2018/tv/columns/pbs-tca-2018-ann-curry-finding-your-roots-1202892459/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Tim Goodman of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' marked PBS' airing of ''[[Downton Abbey]]'' as a turning point for the network's reputation and program variety''.''<ref name=Goodman>{{Cite magazine |last=Goodman |first=Tim |date=July 29, 2016 |title=Tim Goodman's TCA Journal No. 3: A Love Letter to PBS |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/bastard-machine/tim-goodmans-tca-journal-no-915615 |magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216163252/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/bastard-machine/tim-goodmans-tca-journal-no-915615 |url-status=live}}</ref> He also wrote, "It's PBS's time to shine"<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Goodman |first=Tim |date=July 22, 2012 |title=TCA 2012: It's PBS' Time to Shine (Analysis) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/bastard-machine/pbs-downton-abbey-sherlock-emmys-352843 |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216163911/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/bastard-machine/pbs-downton-abbey-sherlock-emmys-352843 |url-status=live}}</ref> and said that the network "is an endless bounty of riches...Ain't this great?"<ref name=Goodman /> Stevenonymous of ''[[BuzzFeed]]'' wrote, "PBS isn't just TV anymore."<ref>{{Cite web |author=Stevenonymous |date=August 23, 2013 |title=10 Reasons Why '90s Kids Should Still Love PBS |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/dstein/10-reasons-why-90s-kids-should-still-love-pbs-e37w |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |access-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216163809/https://www.buzzfeed.com/dstein/10-reasons-why-90s-kids-should-still-love-pbs-e37w |url-status=live }}</ref> David Zurawik of ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'' wrote, "If you want a reason to believe in PBS...here it is."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zurawik |first=David |date=October 28, 2014 |title=Frontline offers harrowing, revealing look into ISIS tonight |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/columnists/zurawik/bal-frontline-chilling-revealing-look-isis-pbs-20141028-story.html |newspaper=[[Baltimore Sun]] |access-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-date=December 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208002326/https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/columnists/zurawik/bal-frontline-chilling-revealing-look-isis-pbs-20141028-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mekeisha Madden Toby of ''[[TheWrap]]'' wrote, "There is a lot to love...on PBS."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Toby |first=Mekeisha Madden |date=September 27, 2015 |title='Indian Summers' Review: PBS' New Period Piece is Soapy, Sexy Goodness |url=https://www.thewrap.com/indian-summers-review-pbs-new-period-piece-is-soapy-sexy-goodness/ |work=[[TheWrap]] |access-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216163915/https://www.thewrap.com/indian-summers-review-pbs-new-period-piece-is-soapy-sexy-goodness/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kristen McQuinn of ''Book Riot'' wrote, "PBS is awesome in every way."<ref>{{Cite web |last=McQuinn |first=Kristen |date=August 7, 2017 |title=PBS is Searching for The Great American Book |url=https://bookriot.com/the-great-american-book/ |work=[[Book Riot]] |access-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525211038/https://bookriot.com/the-great-american-book/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Caroline Framke of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' wrote, "There's still no beating PBS."<ref name=Framke /> Alyssa Rosenburg of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' wrote, "PBS is a unifying thread...through our cultural fabric."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rosenburg |first=Alyssa |date=October 4, 2020 |title=Opinion {{!}} In 50 years of PBS programming, content for Americans of all classes and political views |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/10/04/50-years-pbs-programming-content-americans-all-classes-political-views/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326031141/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/10/04/50-years-pbs-programming-content-americans-all-classes-political-views/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Margaret Renkl of ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote, "By aiming to unite...PBS might save us yet."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Renkl |first=Margaret |date=September 27, 2020 |title=Opinion {{!}} Happy Birthday, PBS. Please Save Us. |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/27/opinion/pbs-50th-anniversary.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=May 25, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525212532/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/27/opinion/pbs-50th-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Margie Barron of ''Entertainment Today'' wrote, "PBS remains a beacon...that inspires."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barron |first=Margie |date=August 4, 2020 |title=PBS' stellar lineup for 50th anniversary season announced at Zoom-friendly TCA press tour |url=https://entertainmenttoday.net/tv/21334/2020/08/pbs-stellar-lineup-for-50th-anniversary-season-announced-at-zoom-friendly-tca-press-tour/ |access-date=May 25, 2022 |website=Entertainment Today |archive-date=July 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706110758/https://entertainmenttoday.net/tv/21334/2020/08/pbs-stellar-lineup-for-50th-anniversary-season-announced-at-zoom-friendly-tca-press-tour/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The ''Marketing & Research Resources'' survey, said that PBS is the "#1 most trusted media 19 years in a row."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-17 |title=PBS and Member Stations Named "Most Trusted" Media Organization for 19 Consecutive Years |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-and-member-stations-named-most-trusted-media-organization-for-19-consecutive-years/ |access-date=September 21, 2022 |website=PBS |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921172708/https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-and-member-stations-named-most-trusted-media-organization-for-19-consecutive-years/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2021, the network had 14 [[News and Documentary Emmy Awards|News & Documentary Emmy Award]] nominations, more than any other organization.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-30 |title=PBS Leads With 14 News & Documentary Emmy® Awards |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-leads-with-14-news-documentary-emmy-awards/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=PBS |language=en}}</ref> Matt Roush of ''[[TV Insider]]'' wrote, "PBS is and always has been a bright light."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roush |first=Matt |date=2022-02-01 |title=Ask Matt: More Ghosts on 'Ghosts'? |url=https://www.tvinsider.com/1029924/ask-matt-ghosts-amazing-race-ordinary-joe-streaming/ |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=TV Insider |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921172707/https://www.tvinsider.com/1029924/ask-matt-ghosts-amazing-race-ordinary-joe-streaming/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
===On-air fundraising===
Since 53% to 60% of public television's revenues come from private membership donations and [[Grant (money)|grants]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Public Broadcasting Revenue Fiscal Year 2005 |url=http://www.cpb.org/stations/reports/revenue/2005PublicBroadcastingRevenue.pdf |publisher=[[Corporation for Public Broadcasting]] |access-date=March 10, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515140419/http://www.cpb.org/stations/reports/revenue/2005PublicBroadcastingRevenue.pdf |archive-date=May 15, 2011}}</ref> most stations solicit individual donations by methods including [[fundraising]], [[pledge drive]]s or [[telethon]]s, which disrupt regularly scheduled programming. This has been perceived as potentially annoying since regularly scheduled programming is often replaced with specials aimed at a wider audience (such as music specials aimed at the [[Baby Boom]]er generation and financial, health and motivational programs) to solicit new members and donations; during fundraising events, these programs are often interrupted within the broadcast by long-form segments (of six to eight minutes in length) encouraging viewers to donate to their PBS member.<ref>{{cite web |last=Getler |first=Michael |title=Pledging Allegiance, or March Madness? |url=https://www.pbs.org/ombudsman/2006/03/pledging_allegiance_or_march_madness.html |publisher=PBS Ombudsman |date=March 24, 2006 |access-date=May 22, 2006 |archive-date=April 8, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060408140959/http://www.pbs.org/ombudsman/2006/03/pledging_allegiance_or_march_madness.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Underwriting spot]]s are aired at the end of each program, which differ from traditional commercials in several ways.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rule 5: Content Guidelines |url=https://www.pbs.org/producers/guidelines/onair_rule5.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414070210/https://www.pbs.org/producers/guidelines/onair_rule5.html |archive-date=April 14, 2014 |access-date=April 13, 2014 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Each spot must be approved to meet several guidelines.<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Guidelines for On-Air Announcements Promoting Program-Related Goods and Services |url=https://www.pbs.org/producers/guidelines/onair.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414090628/https://www.pbs.org/producers/guidelines/onair.html |archive-date=April 14, 2014 |access-date=April 13, 2014 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> The main guidelines state that underwriting spots cannot be qualitative in any way, nor can they have any call to action.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rule 5.4: Voice-Over Copy Guidelines |url=https://www.pbs.org/producers/guidelines/onair_rule5.html#5.4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030923073228/https://www.pbs.org/producers/guidelines/onair_rule5.html#5.4 |archive-date=23 September 2003 |access-date=April 13, 2014 |publisher=PBS}}</ref>
==Controversies==
===Accusations of political/ideological bias===
A 1982 broadcast of the [[United States Information Agency]] program ''Let Poland be Poland'' about the [[Martial law in Poland|martial law declared in Poland in 1981]] was widely viewed in the U.S., but met with skepticism on the part of eastern European broadcasters (communist countries at the time) due to concerns that the program's "provocative and anticommunist" tone was intended as propaganda.<ref>{{cite web |title=Let Poland Be Poland (1982, TV) |date=January 31, 1982 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0785022/ |publisher=[[IMDb]] |access-date=February 4, 2016 |archive-date=February 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201042929/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0785022/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=US Public Diplomacy in Hungary: Past and Present |url=http://www.publicdiplomacycouncil.org/uploads/Eichler_Public_Diplomacy_Hungary.pdf |author=Edward Eichler |work=Public Diplomacy Council |date=April 25, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225051216/http://www.publicdiplomacycouncil.org/uploads/Eichler_Public_Diplomacy_Hungary.pdf |archive-date=February 25, 2009}}</ref>
In 1999, at least three public television stations were caught selling or trading their mailing lists with the [[Democratic National Committee]]. Under [[Internal Revenue Service|IRS]] regulations, [[nonprofit organization]]s are prohibited from participating in political actions. Officials from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting condemned the practice and conducted an investigation into the matter. The stations involved were in New York, Boston, and Washington.<ref>{{cite news |last=Seelye |first=Katharine Q. |date=July 17, 1999 |title=PBS Stations Shared Donor Lists With Democrats, Stirring Trouble |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/17/us/pbs-stations-shared-donor-lists-with-democrats-stirring-trouble.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=March 31, 2017 |archive-date=April 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401061449/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/17/us/pbs-stations-shared-donor-lists-with-democrats-stirring-trouble.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
Individual programs aired by PBS have been the targets of organized campaigns by individuals and groups with opposing views, including by former [[United States Secretary of Education]] [[Margaret Spellings]] in 2005.<ref>{{cite news |date=January 26, 2005 |title=Education chief rips PBS for gay character: Network won't distribute episode with animated 'Buster' visiting Vt. |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6869976 |work=[[NBC News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=November 10, 2019 |archive-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121224256/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6869976/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
Nonetheless, in every year since 2004, surveys of Americans have shown PBS to have been consistently ranked as the most trusted institution in comparison to [[Commercial broadcasting|commercial]] [[Broadcasting in the United States|broadcast]] and [[Cable television in the United States|cable television]], [[Newspapers in the United States|newspapers]], and [[Streaming media|streaming services]], and in January 2021, Americans valued tax dollars spent on PBS behind only [[Military budget of the United States|military defense]] and [[Food and Drug Administration|oversight of food and drug safety]].<ref>{{cite news |date=February 2, 2021 |title=PBS and Member Stations Voted 'Most Trusted' Institution for 18 Consecutive Years |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-and-member-stations-voted-most-trusted-institution-for-18-consecutive-years/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=March 23, 2021 |archive-date=March 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316092412/https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-and-member-stations-voted-most-trusted-institution-for-18-consecutive-years/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
====Accusations during Tomlinson tenure====
In September 2003, [[Kenneth Tomlinson]] was chosen as chairman of the CPB board.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Labaton |first=Stephen |date=November 4, 2005 |title=Broadcasting Ex-Chairman Is Removed From Board (Published 2005) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/04/politics/broadcasting-exchairman-is-removed-from-board.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=January 8, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109171104/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/04/politics/broadcasting-exchairman-is-removed-from-board.html |url-status=live}}</ref> He criticized PBS and [[NPR]] for an allegedly "liberal bias".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Farhi |first=Paul |date=July 1, 2005 |title=CPB Liberal Bias Study Flawed, Critics Say |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2005/07/01/cpb-liberal-bias-study-flawed-critics-say/f961983c-20fb-41c1-91d1-13866cc20b85/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=January 8, 2021 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=January 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109104756/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2005/07/01/cpb-liberal-bias-study-flawed-critics-say/f961983c-20fb-41c1-91d1-13866cc20b85/ |url-status=live}}</ref> His efforts sparked complaints of political pressure.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Labaton |first1=Stephen |last2=Weisman |first2=Steven R. |date=November 5, 2005 |title=Spending Inquiry For Top Official On Broadcasting |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/05/politics/05broadcast.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |archive-date=April 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425141741/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/05/politics/05broadcast.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
To partially balance out the perceived left-leaning PBS shows, from June 2004 to July 2005, PBS aired ''Tucker Carlson: Unfiltered'' with conservative commentator [[Tucker Carlson]], and from September 2004 to December 2005, PBS aired ''[[The Journal Editorial Report]]'' with [[Paul Gigot]], a conservative editor of ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' editorial page.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 4, 2007 |title=PBS: Back to bias basics |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/may/04/20070504-085842-9258r/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Times]] |publisher=[[News World Communications]] |access-date=December 30, 2009 |archive-date=April 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414144501/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/may/04/20070504-085842-9258r/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2004, [[Bill Moyers]] resigned as a PBS regular, citing political pressure to alter the content of his program, and saying Tomlinson had mounted a "vendetta" against him.<ref>{{cite web |last=Farhi |first=Paul |date=April 22, 2005 |title=PBS Scrutiny Raises Political Antennas |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A8067-2005Apr21.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=September 7, 2017 |archive-date=June 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622060245/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A8067-2005Apr21.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
In May 2005, two House Democrats requested the CPB inspector general investigate the complaints of political interference.<ref>{{Cite news |last=de Moraes |first=Lisa |date=May 13, 2005 |title=CPB's Inspector General to Pursue Probe of Chairman |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2005/05/13/cpbs-inspector-general-to-pursue-probe-of-chairman/32a405bf-7a62-4534-87e5-a5c852e0db18/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=January 8, 2021 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=January 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110093839/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2005/05/13/cpbs-inspector-general-to-pursue-probe-of-chairman/32a405bf-7a62-4534-87e5-a5c852e0db18/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The inspector general's report was issued in November 2005 and described possible political influence on personnel decisions, including e-mail correspondence between Tomlinson and the White House which indicated that Tomlinson "was strongly motivated by political considerations in filling the president/CEO position", a position filled in June 2005 by former [[Republican National Committee]] co-chair [[Patricia Harrison]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=CNN - Report: Politics may have influenced former public broadcasting chief |date=November 15, 2005 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/11/15/tomlinson.cpb/index.html |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=January 8, 2021 |archive-date=January 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111085841/https://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/11/15/tomlinson.cpb/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Tomlinson resigned from the CPB board on November 3, 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Folkenflik |first=David |date=November 3, 2005 |title=Tomlinson Resigns from CPB Ahead of Report |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4989040 |website=[[National Public Radio]] |access-date=January 8, 2021 |archive-date=January 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109183214/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4989040 |url-status=live}}</ref>
====Accusations since the Tomlinson tenure====
In January 2021, Michael Beller, the chief attorney for PBS resigned after being caught on tape suggesting that the children of [[Donald Trump]] supporters should be sent to [[Concentration Camp|re-education camps]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=White |first=Christopher |date=January 14, 2021 |title=PBS attorney resigns after saying Trump voters' children should face 're-education camps' |url=https://wcti12.com/news/nation-world/pbs-attorney-fired-after-video-shows-him-pushing-for-re-education-camps-for-trump-voters |work=[[WCTI-TV]] |access-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127015021/https://wcti12.com/news/nation-world/pbs-attorney-fired-after-video-shows-him-pushing-for-re-education-camps-for-trump-voters |url-status=live}}</ref>
===Lawsuit with Pacific Arts===
In the 1990s, PBS became involved in a dispute over home video licensing rights with [[Pacific Arts Corporation]], a multimedia company owned and operated by former [[The Monkees|Monkees]] guitarist [[Michael Nesmith]].
In 1990, Pacific Arts secured a contract with PBS to distribute their back catalog of programming on VHS under the [[PBS Home Video]] banner. However, in the early 1990s, Pacific Arts and PBS went through a series of serious disagreements. Lawsuits were filed: by Nesmith and Pacific Arts against PBS for breach of contract, intentional misrepresentation, intentional concealment, negligent misrepresentation, and interference with contract; and by PBS against Nesmith and Pacific Arts for lost royalties.<ref name=Behrens>{{cite news |last=Behrens |first=Steve |date=February 8, 1999 |title=Nesmith wins $47 million in video suit against PBS |url=http://current.org/files/archive-site/pbs/pbs902v.html |newspaper=Current |access-date=May 30, 2016 |archive-date=August 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818000313/http://current.org/files/archive-site/pbs/pbs902v.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> The lawsuits escalated in 1994 and 1995 into major litigation between the parties over these rights and payments. PBS and Nesmith and Pacific Arts vigorously prosecuted these multimillion-dollar counter-suits.
The six plaintiffs included PBS, [[WGBH-TV]], [[WNET]], the [[Ken Burns]]-owned American Documentaries and Radio Pioneers Film Project and the [[Children's Television Workshop]]. They sought approximately $5 million in disputed royalties, advances, guarantees and license fees for programs and the use of the PBS logo from the defendants Pacific Arts and Nesmith.
Due to the cost of the litigation, Pacific Arts was forced to cease distribution operations and suspended the use of the PBS logo on the Pacific Arts videos.<ref name=Behrens /> Though Pacific Arts distribution system had ceased operating, the various plaintiffs were counting on capturing a personal financial guarantee Nesmith had made to PBS in the original PBS deal in 1990.
The cases went to jury trial in Federal Court in Los Angeles in February 1999. After three days of deliberation, the jury unanimously sided with Nesmith.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mifflin |first=Lawrie |date=February 3, 1999 |title=Jury Rules That PBS Must Pay Video Distributor $47 Million |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/03/business/jury-rules-that-pbs-must-pay-video-distributor-47-million.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=May 30, 2016 |archive-date=June 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630171648/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/03/business/jury-rules-that-pbs-must-pay-video-distributor-47-million.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The court awarded Pacific Arts $14,625,000 for loss of its rights library, plus $29,250,000 in punitive damages. The jury awarded $3 million to Nesmith personally, including $2 million in punitive damages for a total award to Nesmith and Pacific Arts of $48,875,000. The jury resolved the outstanding license fee issues by ordering Pacific Arts and Nesmith to pay approximately $1.2 million to American Documentaries for ''[[The Civil War (TV series)|The Civil War]]'', about $230,000 to [[WGBH-TV]], and $150,000 to [[WNET]].<ref name=Behrens />
Following the ruling, Nesmith expressed his personal disappointment with PBS and was quoted by [[BBC News]] as stating "It's like finding your grandmother stealing your stereo. You're happy to get your stereo back, but it's sad to find out your grandmother is a thief."<ref>{{cite news |title=Hey, hey, it's a Monkee victory |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/271357.stm |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=May 30, 2016 |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409001839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/271357.stm |url-status=live}}</ref>
The decision never went to an appeals court and the final amount paid to Pacific Arts and Nesmith was an undisclosed sum agreed to in an out-of-court settlement.
==Warning, Alert and Response Network (WARN)==
PBS provides an alternative path for [[Wireless Emergency Alerts]] to wireless carriers through its Warning, Alert and Response Network (WARN). The alerts are transmitted through the PBS satellite network on the [[AMC-21]] satellite to PBS stations, who then broadcast the messages over their transmitters for reception by wireless carriers at their cell sites.<ref name="WARN/PBS">{{cite web |title=WARN |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/warn/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=October 12, 2013 |archive-date=October 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015031734/http://www.pbs.org/about/warn/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
The WARN network is funded by a grant through [[National Telecommunications and Information Administration]] (NTIA).<ref name="WARN/PBS" />
==See also==
{{Portal|Television|United States}}
* [[American Public Media]]
* [[List of United States over-the-air television networks]]
* [[PBS America]]
* [[Public Radio International]]
* [[Public, educational, and government access]] (PEG)
* [[Television in the United States]]
===Similar public broadcasting services===
* {{flagicon|CAN}} [[TVOntario]], [[Knowledge Network]]
* {{flagicon|PRC}} [[China Education Television]]
* {{flagicon|FRA}} {{flagicon|GER}} [[Arte]]
* {{Flagicon|France}} [[France 5]]
* {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Educational Broadcasting System]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Pachelbel |first=Johann |year=1932 |title=UPI Television Network logo |publisher=Art Scott}}
* {{cite book |last=Bullert |first=B.J. |year=1997 |title=Public Television: Politics and the Battle over Documentary Film |url=https://archive.org/details/publictelevision00bull |url-access=registration |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-813-52470-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Dornfeld |first=Barry |year=1998 |title=Producing Public Television, Producing Public Culture |publisher=Princeton University Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Engelman |first=Ralph |year=1996 |title=Public Radio and Television in America: A Political History |publisher=Sage Publications}}
* {{cite book |last=Ledbetter |first=James |author-link=James Ledbetter |year=1998 |title=Made Possible by: The Death of Public Broadcasting in the United States |url=https://archive.org/details/madepossiblebyde00ledb |url-access=registration |publisher=Verso |isbn=978-1-859-84029-0}}
==External links==
{{commons category|PBS (United States)}}
* {{Official website}}
* [https://www.pbs.org/producers/redbook/index.html PBS "Red Book"] (presentation guidelines for PBS programming)
* [https://current.org/ ''Current''], the newspaper about public TV and radio in the United States
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170104174846/http://designinghealthycommunities.org/ Designing Healthy Communities by PBS]
* [https://www.pbs.org/about/producing-pbs/editorial-standards.pdf PBS Editorial Standards and Practices]
{{PBSTV}}
{{Lyndon B. Johnson}}
{{Public broadcasting in the United States}}
{{American broadcast television}}
{{EmmyAward GovernorsAward}}
{{Webby Awards|cat=TV|year=1997|type=Nominee|cat2=TV|year2=1998|type2=winner}}
{{navboxes
|title=Related navigational templates
|list= {{flatlist|
* [[Template:Sports television in the United States|Sports television in the United States]]
* [[Template:American broadcast television|American broadcast television]]
* [[Template:World Radio Network|World Radio Network]]
}}}}
{{authority control}}
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[[Category:1969 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Television networks in the United States]]
[[Category:Commercial-free television networks]]
[[Category:Companies based in Virginia]]
[[Category:Corporation for Public Broadcasting]]
[[Category:English-language television stations in the United States]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1969]]
[[Category:Peabody Award winners]]
[[Category:Public television in the United States]]
[[Category:Publicly funded English language broadcasters]]
[[Category:Educational and instructional television channels]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1969]]
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Unified diff of changes made by edit ($1) (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-{{Short description|American public television network}}
+{{Short description|DVD}}
{{about|the American broadcaster}}
{{Redirect-distinguish|Public Broadcasting Service|Public Broadcasting Services|Public Service Broadcasting (band)}}
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{{Use American English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox television channel
-| name = Public Broadcasting Service
-| logo = PBS logo.svg
+| name = Cats don’t dance
+| logo = Cats don’t dance
| logo_caption = Logo used since November 4, 2019
| type = {{unbulleted list|[[Non-commercial activity|Non-commercial]]|[[Terrestrial television|Free-to-air]] [[television network]]|[[Public broadcasting|Public broadcaster]]}}
@@ -24,5 +24,5 @@
| website = {{official URL}}
}}
-The '''Public Broadcasting Service''' ('''PBS''') is a North American [[public broadcasting|public broadcaster]] and [[Non-commercial activity|non-commercial]],<ref name=FAQ /><ref name=Brit /><ref name="PBS infographic" /><ref name="Station Index" /><ref name="About PBS">{{Cite web |title=About PBS – Overview |url=http://pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |website=PBS |access-date=September 10, 2018 |archive-date=September 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907224131/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Terrestrial television|free-to-air]] [[television network]] based in [[Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About PBS – Leadership Team |url=http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/leadership/ |website=PBS |access-date=June 11, 2018 |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143632/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/leadership/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Boyer |first=Peter J. |date=January 3, 1986 |title=Hartford N. Gunn Jr. is Dead; Public Broadcasting Founder |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/03/obituaries/hartford-n-gunn-jr-is-dead-public-broadcasting-founder.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=June 11, 2018 |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612222110/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/03/obituaries/hartford-n-gunn-jr-is-dead-public-broadcasting-founder.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Miss>{{cite web |title=Mission & Values |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/ |website=PBS |access-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718060856/https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) – USA TV Channel |url=https://www.mondotimes.com/2/topics/5/102/6139 |website=[[Print circulation#Concept|Mondo Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240118191107/https://www.mondotimes.com/2/topics/5/102/6139 |archive-date= 18 Jan 2024 }}</ref> PBS is a publicly funded [[nonprofit organization]] and the most prominent provider of [[educational television|educational programs]] to public television stations in the United States,<ref>{{cite web |title=Video Documentaries |url=https://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |first1= William |last1=Terbo |website=Tesla Memorial Society |quote="Tesla, Master of Lightning", New Voyage Communications for PBS Television Network, 2000, 90 minutes. |access-date=June 26, 2023 |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025950/http://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ray Suarez |url=https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |website=Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs |quote=Suarez joined the PBS NewsHour in 1999 and was a senior correspondent for the evening news program on the PBS television network until 2013. |access-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-date=June 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612035410/https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Television Broadcasts |url=https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |website=Inside Peace |quote=We are pleased to announce the release of Inside Peace throughout the PBS television network in the United States. |access-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628122359/https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |title=Federal Funding for Public Broadcasting |access-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111083755/https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |url-status=live}}</ref> distributing shows such as ''[[Frontline (American TV program)|Frontline]]'', ''[[Nova (American TV series)|Nova]]'', ''[[PBS NewsHour]]'', ''[[Masterpiece (TV series)|Masterpiece]]'', ''[[Sesame Street]]'', and ''[[This Old House]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/shows/ |title=All Shows – PBS |website=PBS |access-date=June 11, 2018 }}</ref>
+[[Cats Don't Dance]] '''Public Broadcasting Service''' ('''PBS''') is a North American [[public broadcasting|public broadcaster]] and [[Non-commercial activity|non-commercial]],<ref name=FAQ /><ref name=Brit /><ref name="PBS infographic" /><ref name="Station Index" /><ref name="About PBS">{{Cite web |title=About PBS – Overview |url=http://pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |website=PBS |access-date=September 10, 2018 |archive-date=September 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907224131/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Terrestrial television|free-to-air]] [[television network]] based in [[Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About PBS – Leadership Team |url=http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/leadership/ |website=PBS |access-date=June 11, 2018 |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143632/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/leadership/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Boyer |first=Peter J. |date=January 3, 1986 |title=Hartford N. Gunn Jr. is Dead; Public Broadcasting Founder |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/03/obituaries/hartford-n-gunn-jr-is-dead-public-broadcasting-founder.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=June 11, 2018 |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612222110/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/03/obituaries/hartford-n-gunn-jr-is-dead-public-broadcasting-founder.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Miss>{{cite web |title=Mission & Values |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/ |website=PBS |access-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718060856/https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) – USA TV Channel |url=https://www.mondotimes.com/2/topics/5/102/6139 |website=[[Print circulation#Concept|Mondo Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240118191107/https://www.mondotimes.com/2/topics/5/102/6139 |archive-date= 18 Jan 2024 }}</ref> PBS is a publicly funded [[nonprofit organization]] and the most prominent provider of [[educational television|educational programs]] to public television stations in the United States,<ref>{{cite web |title=Video Documentaries |url=https://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |first1= William |last1=Terbo |website=Tesla Memorial Society |quote="Tesla, Master of Lightning", New Voyage Communications for PBS Television Network, 2000, 90 minutes. |access-date=June 26, 2023 |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025950/http://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ray Suarez |url=https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |website=Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs |quote=Suarez joined the PBS NewsHour in 1999 and was a senior correspondent for the evening news program on the PBS television network until 2013. |access-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-date=June 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612035410/https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Television Broadcasts |url=https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |website=Inside Peace |quote=We are pleased to announce the release of Inside Peace throughout the PBS television network in the United States. |access-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628122359/https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |title=Federal Funding for Public Broadcasting |access-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111083755/https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |url-status=live}}</ref> distributing shows such as ''[[Frontline (American TV program)|Frontline]]'', ''[[Nova (American TV series)|Nova]]'', ''[[PBS NewsHour]]'', ''[[Masterpiece (TV series)|Masterpiece]]'', ''[[Sesame Street]]'', and ''[[This Old House]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/shows/ |title=All Shows – PBS |website=PBS |access-date=June 11, 2018 }}</ref>
PBS is funded by a combination of [[List of PBS member stations|member station]] dues, the [[Corporation for Public Broadcasting]], [[pledge drive]]s, and donations from both [[Private foundation (United States)|private foundations]] and individual citizens. All proposed funding for programming is subject to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source.<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Funding Standards |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/producing-pbs/funding/ |url-status=live |access-date=May 19, 2018 |website=PBS |quote=Public television is a major participant in the great tradition of a free and independent American press. To protect public television's journalistic integrity, PBS's funding standards are premised on core principles that ensure the complete editorial independence of producers from influence by underwriters. While funding and fundraising are necessary to support the development and production of content, producers must be free from the influence of funders. This firewall is essential to maintaining the public's trust. |archive-date=May 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520030857/http://www.pbs.org/about/producing-pbs/funding/}}</ref> PBS has over 350 [[Network affiliate#Member stations|member television stations]], many owned by [[educational institution]]s, nonprofit groups both independent or affiliated with one particular local [[Public School District|public school district]] or collegiate educational institution, or entities owned by or related to [[State governments of the United States|state government]].<ref name="Station Index">{{cite web |title=Network Profile: PBS |url=http://www.stationindex.com/tv/by-net/pbs |website=Station Index |access-date=February 4, 2016 |archive-date=February 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201042930/http://www.stationindex.com/tv/by-net/pbs |url-status=live}}</ref>
' |
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0 => '{{Short description|DVD}}',
1 => '| name = Cats don’t dance',
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3 => '[[Cats Don't Dance]] '''Public Broadcasting Service''' ('''PBS''') is a North American [[public broadcasting|public broadcaster]] and [[Non-commercial activity|non-commercial]],<ref name=FAQ /><ref name=Brit /><ref name="PBS infographic" /><ref name="Station Index" /><ref name="About PBS">{{Cite web |title=About PBS – Overview |url=http://pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |website=PBS |access-date=September 10, 2018 |archive-date=September 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907224131/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Terrestrial television|free-to-air]] [[television network]] based in [[Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About PBS – Leadership Team |url=http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/leadership/ |website=PBS |access-date=June 11, 2018 |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143632/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/leadership/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Boyer |first=Peter J. |date=January 3, 1986 |title=Hartford N. Gunn Jr. is Dead; Public Broadcasting Founder |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/03/obituaries/hartford-n-gunn-jr-is-dead-public-broadcasting-founder.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=June 11, 2018 |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612222110/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/03/obituaries/hartford-n-gunn-jr-is-dead-public-broadcasting-founder.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Miss>{{cite web |title=Mission & Values |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/ |website=PBS |access-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718060856/https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) – USA TV Channel |url=https://www.mondotimes.com/2/topics/5/102/6139 |website=[[Print circulation#Concept|Mondo Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240118191107/https://www.mondotimes.com/2/topics/5/102/6139 |archive-date= 18 Jan 2024 }}</ref> PBS is a publicly funded [[nonprofit organization]] and the most prominent provider of [[educational television|educational programs]] to public television stations in the United States,<ref>{{cite web |title=Video Documentaries |url=https://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |first1= William |last1=Terbo |website=Tesla Memorial Society |quote="Tesla, Master of Lightning", New Voyage Communications for PBS Television Network, 2000, 90 minutes. |access-date=June 26, 2023 |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025950/http://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ray Suarez |url=https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |website=Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs |quote=Suarez joined the PBS NewsHour in 1999 and was a senior correspondent for the evening news program on the PBS television network until 2013. |access-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-date=June 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612035410/https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Television Broadcasts |url=https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |website=Inside Peace |quote=We are pleased to announce the release of Inside Peace throughout the PBS television network in the United States. |access-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628122359/https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |title=Federal Funding for Public Broadcasting |access-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111083755/https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |url-status=live}}</ref> distributing shows such as ''[[Frontline (American TV program)|Frontline]]'', ''[[Nova (American TV series)|Nova]]'', ''[[PBS NewsHour]]'', ''[[Masterpiece (TV series)|Masterpiece]]'', ''[[Sesame Street]]'', and ''[[This Old House]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/shows/ |title=All Shows – PBS |website=PBS |access-date=June 11, 2018 }}</ref>'
] |
Lines removed in edit ($1) (removed_lines) | [
0 => '{{Short description|American public television network}}',
1 => '| name = Public Broadcasting Service',
2 => '| logo = PBS logo.svg',
3 => 'The '''Public Broadcasting Service''' ('''PBS''') is a North American [[public broadcasting|public broadcaster]] and [[Non-commercial activity|non-commercial]],<ref name=FAQ /><ref name=Brit /><ref name="PBS infographic" /><ref name="Station Index" /><ref name="About PBS">{{Cite web |title=About PBS – Overview |url=http://pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |website=PBS |access-date=September 10, 2018 |archive-date=September 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907224131/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Terrestrial television|free-to-air]] [[television network]] based in [[Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About PBS – Leadership Team |url=http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/leadership/ |website=PBS |access-date=June 11, 2018 |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143632/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/leadership/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Boyer |first=Peter J. |date=January 3, 1986 |title=Hartford N. Gunn Jr. is Dead; Public Broadcasting Founder |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/03/obituaries/hartford-n-gunn-jr-is-dead-public-broadcasting-founder.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=June 11, 2018 |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612222110/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/03/obituaries/hartford-n-gunn-jr-is-dead-public-broadcasting-founder.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Miss>{{cite web |title=Mission & Values |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/ |website=PBS |access-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718060856/https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) – USA TV Channel |url=https://www.mondotimes.com/2/topics/5/102/6139 |website=[[Print circulation#Concept|Mondo Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240118191107/https://www.mondotimes.com/2/topics/5/102/6139 |archive-date= 18 Jan 2024 }}</ref> PBS is a publicly funded [[nonprofit organization]] and the most prominent provider of [[educational television|educational programs]] to public television stations in the United States,<ref>{{cite web |title=Video Documentaries |url=https://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |first1= William |last1=Terbo |website=Tesla Memorial Society |quote="Tesla, Master of Lightning", New Voyage Communications for PBS Television Network, 2000, 90 minutes. |access-date=June 26, 2023 |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025950/http://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ray Suarez |url=https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |website=Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs |quote=Suarez joined the PBS NewsHour in 1999 and was a senior correspondent for the evening news program on the PBS television network until 2013. |access-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-date=June 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612035410/https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Television Broadcasts |url=https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |website=Inside Peace |quote=We are pleased to announce the release of Inside Peace throughout the PBS television network in the United States. |access-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628122359/https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |title=Federal Funding for Public Broadcasting |access-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111083755/https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |url-status=live}}</ref> distributing shows such as ''[[Frontline (American TV program)|Frontline]]'', ''[[Nova (American TV series)|Nova]]'', ''[[PBS NewsHour]]'', ''[[Masterpiece (TV series)|Masterpiece]]'', ''[[Sesame Street]]'', and ''[[This Old House]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/shows/ |title=All Shows – PBS |website=PBS |access-date=June 11, 2018 }}</ref>'
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169 => 'https://thestreamable.com/news/pbs-launches-live-local-streaming-of-pbs-stations',
170 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2020/01/15/pbs-now-youtube-tv-but-not-sling-and-hulu-live-tv/4454284002/',
171 => 'https://www.facebook.com/PBSDistribution.org/posts/940198203213362',
172 => 'https://www.adweek.com/lostremote/pbs-distribution-and-wnet-group-launch-fast-channels-on-plex/70799/',
173 => 'https://cordcuttersnews.com/pbs-is-launching-a-new-free-channel-called-pbs-food-on-amazons-freevee-plex-the-roku-channel/',
174 => 'https://cordcuttersnews.com/plex-adds-over-20-new-free-channels-this-week/',
175 => 'http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2010/10/sorry-charlie-rose-los-angeles-pbs-affiliate-kcet-exits-network-fold-to-go-independent-.html',
176 => 'http://www.letsgoquakers.com/football1980s.htm',
177 => 'http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl/1985_251842/jim-palmer-jockeys-from-underwear-to-pbs.html',
178 => 'http://www.rabbitears.info/search.php?request=network_search&network=PBS',
179 => 'http://pedrowatcher.ocregister.com/2010/10/08/koce-takes-over-as-top-pbs-station-after-kcet-cuts-ties-with-network/28174/',
180 => 'https://www.fastcompany.com/90425497/pbs-unveils-a-new-brand-for-a-new-media-landscape',
181 => 'https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/342923/pbs-overhauls-logo-for-2020.html',
182 => 'https://variety.com/2018/tv/columns/pbs-tca-2018-ann-curry-finding-your-roots-1202892459/',
183 => 'https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/bastard-machine/tim-goodmans-tca-journal-no-915615',
184 => 'https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/bastard-machine/pbs-downton-abbey-sherlock-emmys-352843',
185 => 'https://www.buzzfeed.com/dstein/10-reasons-why-90s-kids-should-still-love-pbs-e37w',
186 => 'https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/columnists/zurawik/bal-frontline-chilling-revealing-look-isis-pbs-20141028-story.html',
187 => 'https://www.thewrap.com/indian-summers-review-pbs-new-period-piece-is-soapy-sexy-goodness/',
188 => 'https://bookriot.com/the-great-american-book/',
189 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/10/04/50-years-pbs-programming-content-americans-all-classes-political-views/',
190 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2005/07/01/cpb-liberal-bias-study-flawed-critics-say/f961983c-20fb-41c1-91d1-13866cc20b85/',
191 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A8067-2005Apr21.html',
192 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2005/05/13/cpbs-inspector-general-to-pursue-probe-of-chairman/32a405bf-7a62-4534-87e5-a5c852e0db18/',
193 => 'https://entertainmenttoday.net/tv/21334/2020/08/pbs-stellar-lineup-for-50th-anniversary-season-announced-at-zoom-friendly-tca-press-tour/',
194 => 'https://www.tvinsider.com/1029924/ask-matt-ghosts-amazing-race-ordinary-joe-streaming/',
195 => 'http://www.cpb.org/stations/reports/revenue/2005PublicBroadcastingRevenue.pdf',
196 => 'https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0785022/',
197 => 'http://www.publicdiplomacycouncil.org/uploads/Eichler_Public_Diplomacy_Hungary.pdf',
198 => 'http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6869976',
199 => 'http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/may/04/20070504-085842-9258r/',
200 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/11/15/tomlinson.cpb/index.html',
201 => 'https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4989040',
202 => 'https://wcti12.com/news/nation-world/pbs-attorney-fired-after-video-shows-him-pushing-for-re-education-camps-for-trump-voters',
203 => 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/271357.stm',
204 => 'https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=PBS¶ms=38.8621_N_77.0503_W_',
205 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215616#P856',
206 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215616#identifiers',
207 => 'https://pbs.org/livestream/',
208 => 'https://archive.org/details/publictelevision00bull',
209 => 'https://archive.org/details/madepossiblebyde00ledb',
210 => 'https://isni.org/isni/0000000403681518',
211 => 'https://viaf.org/viaf/125714574',
212 => 'https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb140483667',
213 => 'https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb140483667',
214 => 'http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007266743605171',
215 => 'https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86134532',
216 => 'https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07229167?l=en',
217 => 'https://musicbrainz.org/label/e4cebc64-776b-4039-8e80-6ca42dd3df22',
218 => 'https://www.idref.fr/150147023',
219 => 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-to-stream-charlie-brown-thanksgiving-holiday-specials-apple-tv-plus/',
220 => 'https://archive.today/20240118191107/https://www.mondotimes.com/2/topics/5/102/6139'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision ($1) (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">DVD</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the American broadcaster. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/PBS_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="PBS (disambiguation)">PBS (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Public Broadcasting Service" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Services" title="Public Broadcasting Services">Public Broadcasting Services</a> or <a href="/wiki/Public_Service_Broadcasting_(band)" title="Public Service Broadcasting (band)">Public Service Broadcasting (band)</a>.</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Television channel</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Cats don’t dance</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Frameless"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Cats_don%E2%80%99t_dance" class="new" title="File:Cats don’t dance"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media">File:Cats don’t dance</span></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo used since November 4, 2019</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-commercial_activity" title="Non-commercial activity">Non-commercial</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">Free-to-air</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Television network">television network</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">Public broadcaster</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Broadcast area</th><td class="infobox-data label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Nationwide U.S.</li><li>Canada</li><li>Northern Mexico (<a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">OTA</a> only)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Affiliates</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_PBS_member_stations" title="List of PBS member stations">List of member stations</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_City,_Arlington,_Virginia" title="Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia">Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Programming</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Picture format</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/HDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="HDTV">HDTV</a> <a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i</a></li><li>(some stations transmit PBS programming in <a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p</a> or <a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p</a> via <a href="/wiki/ATSC_3.0" title="ATSC 3.0">ATSC 3.0</a> in some markets)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Ownership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">PBS's member public television stations<sup id="cite_ref-FAQ_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQ-1">[1]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key people</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Paula Kerger (<a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">President</a> & <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li><li>Jonathan Barzilay (<a href="/wiki/Chief_operating_officer" title="Chief operating officer">COO</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">November 3, 1969<span class="noprint">; 54 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1969-11-03</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">October 5, 1970<span class="noprint">; 53 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1970-10-05</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hartford_N._Gunn_Jr." title="Hartford N. Gunn Jr.">Hartford N. Gunn Jr.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Macy" title="John Macy">John Macy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/James_Day_(journalist)" title="James Day (journalist)">James Day</a></li><li>Kenneth A. Christiansen</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Replaced</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television">National Educational Television</a> (1952–1970)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Links</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Webcast" title="Webcast">Webcast</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pbs.org/livestream/">Watch live</a></span> (US only)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org">www<wbr />.pbs<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215616#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><a href="/wiki/Cats_Don%27t_Dance" title="Cats Don't Dance">Cats Don't Dance</a> <b>Public Broadcasting Service</b> (<b>PBS</b>) is a North American <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public broadcaster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-commercial_activity" title="Non-commercial activity">non-commercial</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FAQ_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQ-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PBS_infographic_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PBS_infographic-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Station_Index_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Station_Index-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-About_PBS_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_PBS-5">[5]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">free-to-air</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Television network">television network</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Crystal_City,_Arlington,_Virginia" title="Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia">Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Miss_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miss-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> PBS is a publicly funded <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">nonprofit organization</a> and the most prominent provider of <a href="/wiki/Educational_television" title="Educational television">educational programs</a> to public television stations in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> distributing shows such as <i><a href="/wiki/Frontline_(American_TV_program)" title="Frontline (American TV program)">Frontline</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova (American TV series)">Nova</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS NewsHour</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Masterpiece_(TV_series)" title="Masterpiece (TV series)">Masterpiece</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street" title="Sesame Street">Sesame Street</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/This_Old_House" title="This Old House">This Old House</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup>
</p><p>PBS is funded by a combination of <a href="/wiki/List_of_PBS_member_stations" title="List of PBS member stations">member station</a> dues, the <a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pledge_drive" title="Pledge drive">pledge drives</a>, and donations from both <a href="/wiki/Private_foundation_(United_States)" title="Private foundation (United States)">private foundations</a> and individual citizens. All proposed funding for programming is subject to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> PBS has over 350 <a href="/wiki/Network_affiliate#Member_stations" title="Network affiliate">member television stations</a>, many owned by <a href="/wiki/Educational_institution" title="Educational institution">educational institutions</a>, nonprofit groups both independent or affiliated with one particular local <a href="/wiki/Public_School_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Public School District">public school district</a> or collegiate educational institution, or entities owned by or related to <a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">state government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Station_Index_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Station_Index-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p><p>As of 2020,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PBS&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> PBS has nearly 350 member stations around the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-AED_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AED-16">[16]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Operations"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Operations</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Programming"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Programming</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#PBS_Kids"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">PBS Kids</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Sports"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sports</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Governance"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Governance</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Member_stations"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Member stations</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Participating_stations"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Participating stations</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#PBS_networks"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">PBS networks</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Independent_networks"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Independent networks</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Visual_identity"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Visual identity</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Reception"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Reception</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Critical_response"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Critical response</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#On-air_fundraising"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">On-air fundraising</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Controversies"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Controversies</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Accusations_of_political/ideological_bias"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Accusations of political/ideological bias</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Accusations_during_Tomlinson_tenure"><span class="tocnumber">9.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Accusations during Tomlinson tenure</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#Accusations_since_the_Tomlinson_tenure"><span class="tocnumber">9.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Accusations since the Tomlinson tenure</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Lawsuit_with_Pacific_Arts"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Lawsuit with Pacific Arts</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Warning,_Alert_and_Response_Network_(WARN)"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Warning, Alert and Response Network (WARN)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Similar_public_broadcasting_services"><span class="tocnumber">11.1</span> <span class="toctext">Similar public broadcasting services</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection">
<a role="button"
href="/w/index.php?title=PBS&action=edit&section=1"title="Edit section: History"
class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet ">
<span
class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span>
<span>edit</span>
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2100_Crystal_Dr,_Arlington,_VA_April_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/2100_Crystal_Dr%2C_Arlington%2C_VA_April_2019.jpg/220px-2100_Crystal_Dr%2C_Arlington%2C_VA_April_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/2100_Crystal_Dr%2C_Arlington%2C_VA_April_2019.jpg/330px-2100_Crystal_Dr%2C_Arlington%2C_VA_April_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/2100_Crystal_Dr%2C_Arlington%2C_VA_April_2019.jpg/440px-2100_Crystal_Dr%2C_Arlington%2C_VA_April_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Former PBS headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Crystal_City,_Arlington,_Virginia" title="Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia">Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>PBS was established on November 3, 1969, by <a href="/wiki/Hartford_N._Gunn_Jr." title="Hartford N. Gunn Jr.">Hartford N. Gunn Jr.</a> (president of <a href="/wiki/WGBH_Educational_Foundation" title="WGBH Educational Foundation">WGBH</a>), <a href="/wiki/John_Macy" title="John Macy">John Macy</a> (president of <a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">CPB</a>), <a href="/wiki/James_Day_(journalist)" title="James Day (journalist)">James Day</a> (last president of <a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television">National Educational Television</a>), and Kenneth A. Christiansen (chairman of the department of broadcasting at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">University of Florida</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>It began operations on October 5, 1970, taking over many of the functions of its predecessor, <a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television">National Educational Television</a> (NET), which later merged with <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a> station WNDT to form <a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">WNET</a>. In 1973, it merged with <a href="/wiki/Educational_Television_Stations" title="Educational Television Stations">Educational Television Stations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JARVIK_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JARVIK-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> Around the same time, the groups started out the National Public Affairs Broadcast Center (later National Public Affairs Center for Television), which offered news and national affairs to the service.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> The group was later merged into member station <a href="/wiki/WETA-TV" title="WETA-TV">WETA-TV</a> in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup>
</p><p>Immediately after public disclosure of the <a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a>, on May 17, 1973, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Watergate_Committee" title="United States Senate Watergate Committee">United States Senate Watergate Committee</a> commenced proceedings; PBS broadcast the proceedings nationwide, with <a href="/wiki/Robert_MacNeil" title="Robert MacNeil">Robert MacNeil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lehrer" title="Jim Lehrer">Jim Lehrer</a> as commentators. Although all of the <a href="/wiki/Big_Three_TV_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Three TV Networks">Big Three TV Networks</a> ran coverage of the hearings, PBS re-broadcast them on <a href="/wiki/Prime_time" title="Prime time">prime time</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> For seven months, nightly "gavel-to-gavel" broadcasts drew great public interest, and raised the profile of the fledgling PBS network.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1991, the <a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</a> resumed funding for most PBS shows that debuted prior to 1977, with the exceptions of <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Week" title="Washington Week">Washington Week in Review</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Week" title="Wall Street Week">Wall Street Week</a></i> (CPB resumed funding of <i>Washington Week</i> in 1997).
</p><p>In 1994, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicle_of_Philanthropy" title="The Chronicle of Philanthropy">The Chronicle of Philanthropy</a></i> released the results of the largest study on the popularity and credibility of charitable and non-profit organizations. PBS ranked as the 11th "most popular charity/non-profit in America" from over 100 charities researched in the study conducted by the industry publication, with 38.2% of Americans over the age of 12 choosing "love" and "like a lot" for PBS.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup>
</p><p>Since the mid-2000s, <a href="/wiki/GfK" title="GfK">Roper Opinion Research</a> polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the <i>most-trusted national institution</i> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-PBS_infographic_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PBS_infographic-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup> A 2016–2017 study by <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Media_Research" title="Nielsen Media Research">Nielsen Media Research</a> found 80% of all US television households view the network's programs over the course of a year.<sup id="cite_ref-About_PBS_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_PBS-5">[5]</a></sup> However, PBS is not responsible for all programming carried on public television stations, a large proportion of which may come from its <a href="/wiki/Network_affiliate" title="Network affiliate">member stations</a>—including <a href="/wiki/WGBH-TV" title="WGBH-TV">WGBH-TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/WETA-TV" title="WETA-TV">WETA-TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">WNET</a>, <a href="/wiki/WTTW" title="WTTW">WTTW</a>, <a href="/wiki/WQED_(TV)" title="WQED (TV)">WQED</a>, <a href="/wiki/WHYY-TV" title="WHYY-TV">WHYY-TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twin_Cities_PBS" title="Twin Cities PBS">Twin Cities PBS</a>—<a href="/wiki/American_Public_Television" title="American Public Television">American Public Television</a>, and independent producers. This distinction regarding the origin of different programs on the service presents a frequent source of viewer confusion.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2009, PBS signed up for the <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_ratings" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen ratings">Nielsen ratings</a> <a href="/wiki/Audience_measurement" title="Audience measurement">audience measurement</a> reports, and began to be included in its primetime and daily "Television Index" reports, alongside the major commercial broadcast networks.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup>
</p><p>In May 2011, PBS announced that it would incorporate breaks containing underwriter spots for corporate and foundation sponsors, <a href="/wiki/Promo_(media)" title="Promo (media)">program promotions</a> and identification spots within four breaks placed within episodes of <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature (TV series)">Nature</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova (American TV series)">NOVA</a></i>, airing episodes broken up into segments of up to 15 minutes, rather than airing them as straight 50- to 55-minute episodes. The strategy began that fall, with the intent to expand the in-program breaks to the remainder of the schedule if successful.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2011, PBS released <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">apps</a> for <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Android_(OS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Android (OS)">Android</a> to allow viewing of full-length videos on mobile devices.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> Vern Seward of <i>The Mac Observer</i> calls the PBS iPad App, "...cool on so many levels."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> An update in 2015 added <a href="/wiki/Chromecast" title="Chromecast">Chromecast</a> support.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup>
</p><p>"PBS UK" was launched as a paid subscription channel in the United Kingdom on November 1, 2011, featuring American documentary programming sourced from PBS. Better identifying its subject matter, this channel was renamed "<a href="/wiki/PBS_America" title="PBS America">PBS America</a>" on July 4, 2012. The channel has subsequently become available in other parts of Europe and Australia.
</p><p>On February 28, 2012, PBS partnered with AOL to launch <i><a href="/wiki/Makers:_Women_Who_Make_America" title="Makers: Women Who Make America">Makers: Women Who Make America</a></i>, a digital documentary series focusing on high-achieving women in male-dominated industries such as war, comedy, space, business, Hollywood and politics.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup>
</p><p>PBS initially struggled to compete with online media such as <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> for market share. In a 2012 speech to 850 top executives from PBS stations, Senior Vice President of Digital <a href="/wiki/Jason_Seiken" title="Jason Seiken">Jason Seiken</a> warned that PBS was in danger of being disrupted by YouTube studios such as <a href="/wiki/Maker_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Maker Studios">Maker Studios</a>. In the speech, later described as a "seminal moment" for public television,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup> he laid out his vision for a new style of PBS digital video production. Station leadership rallied around his vision and Seiken formed <a href="/wiki/PBS_Digital_Studios" title="PBS Digital Studios">PBS Digital Studios</a>, which began producing educational but edgy videos, something Seiken called "PBS-quality with a YouTube sensibility".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup> The studio's first hit, an auto-tuned version of the theme from one of their most famous television programs, <i><a href="/wiki/Mister_Rogers%27_Neighborhood" title="Mister Rogers' Neighborhood">Mister Rogers' Neighborhood</a></i>, was one of YouTube's 10 most viral videos of 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup> By 2013, monthly video views on PBS.org had risen from 2 million to a quarter-billion, PBS.org traffic had surpassed that of the CBS, NBC, and ABC web sites, PBSKids.org had become the dominant US children's site for video, and PBS had won more 2013 <a href="/wiki/Webby_Awards" title="Webby Awards">Webby Awards</a> than any other media company in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup>
</p><p>On May 8, 2013, full-length episodes of PBS' prime time, news and children's programs were made available through the <a href="/wiki/Roku" title="Roku">Roku</a> streaming player; programming is available on Roku as separate streaming channels for "PBS" and "<a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">PBS KIDS</a>" content.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup> Some content is only available with a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1023754711">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="PBS_Passport"></span><span class="vanchor-text">PBS Passport</span></span> member benefit subscription.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup>
</p><p>On July 1, 2016, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a> and PBS Distribution entered into a multi-year agreement which saw several PBS Kids series on other streaming services move to Amazon Prime Video.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup>
</p><p>PBS Distribution partnered with <a href="/wiki/MultiChoice" title="MultiChoice">MultiChoice</a> to launch <a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">PBS KIDS</a> on May 22, 2019, on <a href="/wiki/DStv" title="DStv">DStv</a> and <a href="/wiki/GOtv" title="GOtv">GOtv</a> subscription platforms across its <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a> footprint.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup> In mid-2021, the channel was added to Australia's <a href="/wiki/Foxtel" title="Foxtel">Foxtel</a> subscription platform.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup>
</p><p>At the summer 2019 <a href="/wiki/Television_Critics_Association" title="Television Critics Association">Television Critics Association</a> press tour day for PBS on July 29, 2019, it was announced that MVPD <a href="/wiki/YouTube_TV" title="YouTube TV">YouTube TV</a> would begin to carry PBS programming and member stations in the fall of 2019. Member stations have the choice of having their traditional channel on the service with its full programming schedule received by Google over-the-air and uploaded to the service, a YouTube TV-only feed provided by the station with some programming substitutions due to lack of digital rights, or a PBS-provided feed with limited localization, though with no local programming or pledge drive programming.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2019, PBS announced plans to move its headquarters to another building in the Crystal Gateway complex, while remaining in <a href="/wiki/Crystal_City,_Arlington,_Virginia" title="Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia">Crystal City, Virginia</a>, and did so in 2020, which included a top building sign visible off the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_1_in_Virginia" title="U.S. Route 1 in Virginia">Richmond Highway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AED_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AED-16">[16]</a></sup>
</p><p>On August 4, 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a> platform added a "PBS Documentaries" package.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup> As of that time it offered four separately-subscribable selections of PBS programming in the United States, "PBS Documentaries", "PBS Living" (also on Apple TV), "PBS Masterpiece" (also in Canada) and "PBS KIDS".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup> In the UK, a "PBS America" documentaries package is available on Amazon Prime Video.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup>
</p><p>On September 3, 2020, PBS began to offer a livestream of their member stations for free via its website (as well as the websites from the member stations), on smart TVs, and on their mobile apps. However, only a small handful of stations currently do not have a livestream of their stations set up.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup> Jefferson Graham of <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i> called it, "Arguably the best bargain in streaming".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup>
</p><p>July 1, 2021 saw a PBS Julia Child channel be added to <a href="/wiki/Pluto_TV" title="Pluto TV">Pluto TV</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup>
</p><p>The channels "PBS Antiques Roadshow", "Julia Child", "Antiques Road Trip" and "PBS Nature" were added to a number of American FAST platforms in January 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup>
</p><p>The channels "PBS Food" (in the United States) and "PBS History" (in the UK and Australia) launched on certain FAST platforms in late 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Operations">Operations</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Even with its status as a non-profit<sup id="cite_ref-Miss_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miss-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brit_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-2">[2]</a></sup> and educational television network, PBS engages in program distribution, providing television content and related services to its member stations, each of which together cooperatively owns the network.<sup id="cite_ref-FAQ_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQ-1">[1]</a></sup> Unlike the affiliates for commercial TV networks, each non-profit PBS member station is charged with the responsibility of programming local content such as news, interviews, cultural, and <a href="/wiki/Public_affairs_(broadcasting)" title="Public affairs (broadcasting)">public affairs</a> programs for its individual market or state that supplements content provided by PBS and other public television distributors.
</p><p>In a <a href="/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">commercial broadcast</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Television network">television network</a> structure, affiliates give up portions of their local advertising airtime in exchange for carrying network programming, and the network pays its affiliates a share of the revenue it earns from advertising. By contrast, PBS member stations pay fees for the shows acquired and distributed by the national organization. Under this relationship, PBS member stations have greater latitude in local scheduling than their commercial broadcasting counterparts. Scheduling of PBS-distributed series may vary greatly depending on the market. This can be a source of tension as stations seek to preserve their localism, and PBS strives to market a consistent national lineup. However, PBS has a policy of "common carriage", which requires most stations to clear the national prime time programs on a common <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_programming" title="Broadcast programming">programming</a> schedule to market them nationally more effectively. Management at former <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> member <a href="/wiki/KCET" title="KCET">KCET</a> cited unresolvable financial and programming disputes among its major reasons for leaving PBS after over 40 years in January 2011, although it would return to PBS in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup>
</p><p>Although PBS has a set schedule of programming, particularly in regard to its <a href="/wiki/Prime_time" title="Prime time">prime time</a> schedule, member stations reserve the right to schedule PBS-distributed programming in other time slots or not clear it at all if they choose to do so; few of the service's members carry all its programming. Most PBS stations <a href="/wiki/Timeshift_channel" title="Timeshift channel">timeshift</a> some distributed programs. Once PBS accepts a program offered for distribution, PBS, rather than the originating member station, retains exclusive rebroadcasting rights during an agreed period. Suppliers, however, retain the right to sell the program's intellectual property in non-broadcast media such as <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVDs</a>, books, and sometimes PBS-<a href="/wiki/Merchandising" title="Merchandising">licensed merchandise</a>.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Programming">Programming</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_PBS" title="List of programs broadcast by PBS">List of programs broadcast by PBS</a></div>
<p>The evening and primetime schedule on PBS features a diverse array of programming including <a href="/wiki/Fine_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Fine arts">fine arts</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Great_Performances" title="Great Performances">Great Performances</a></i>); <a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">drama</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Masterpiece_(TV_series)" title="Masterpiece (TV series)">Masterpiece</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Downton_Abbey" title="Downton Abbey">Downton Abbey</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/American_Family_(2002_TV_series)" title="American Family (2002 TV series)">American Family: Journey of Dreams</a></i>); <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova (American TV series)">Nova</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature (TV series)">Nature</a></i>); <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/American_Experience" title="American Experience">American Experience</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/American_Masters" title="American Masters">American Masters</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/History_Detectives" title="History Detectives">History Detectives</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Antiques_Roadshow_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiques Roadshow (U.S. TV series)">Antiques Roadshow</a></i>); <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits" title="Austin City Limits">Austin City Limits</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Soundstage_(TV_series)" title="Soundstage (TV series)">Soundstage</a></i>); <a href="/wiki/Public_affairs_(broadcasting)" title="Public affairs (broadcasting)">public affairs</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Frontline_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontline (U.S. TV series)">Frontline</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS NewsHour</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Week" title="Washington Week">Washington Week</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Nightly_Business_Report" title="Nightly Business Report">Nightly Business Report</a>); <a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">independent films</a> and <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentaries</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/POV_(TV_series)" title="POV (TV series)">P.O.V.</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Independent_Lens" title="Independent Lens">Independent Lens</a></i>); <a href="/wiki/Home_improvement" title="Home improvement">home improvement</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/This_Old_House" title="This Old House">This Old House</a></i>); and <a href="/wiki/Talk_show" title="Talk show">interviews</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Amanpour_%26_Company" title="Amanpour & Company">Amanpour & Company</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tavis_Smiley_(TV_series)" title="Tavis Smiley (TV series)">Tavis Smiley</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dick_Cavett_Show" title="The Dick Cavett Show">The Dick Cavett Show</a></i>). In 2012, PBS began organizing much of its prime time programming around a genre-based schedule (for example, drama series encompass the Sunday schedule, while science-related programs are featured on Wednesdays).
</p><p>PBS broadcasts children's programming under the <a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">PBS Kids</a> branding as part of the service's (and including content supplied by other distributors not programmed by the service, its member stations') morning and afternoon schedule. As the children's programs it distributes are intended to educate as well as entertain its target audience, PBS and its stations have long been in compliance with <a href="/wiki/E/I" class="mw-redirect" title="E/I">educational programming</a> guidelines set by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> in response to the enactment of the <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Television_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's Television Act">Children's Television Act of 1990</a>. Many member stations have historically also broadcast <a href="/wiki/Distance_education" title="Distance education">distance education</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Instructional_television" title="Instructional television">instructional television</a> programs, typically during daytime slots; though with the advent of digital television, which has allowed stations to carry these programs on <a href="/wiki/Digital_subchannel" title="Digital subchannel">digital subchannels</a> in lieu of the main PBS feed or exclusively over online, many member stations/networks have replaced distance education content with children's and other programming.
</p><p>Unlike its radio counterpart, <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a>, PBS does not have a central program production arm or news division. All of the programming carried by PBS, whether news, documentary or entertainment, is created by (or in most cases produced under contract with) other parties, such as individual member stations. <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> member <a href="/wiki/WGBH-TV" title="WGBH-TV">WGBH-TV</a> is one of the largest producers of <a href="/wiki/Educational_television" title="Educational television">educational television</a> programming, including shows like <i><a href="/wiki/American_Experience" title="American Experience">American Experience</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Arthur_(TV_series)" title="Arthur (TV series)">Arthur</a></i> (with Canada-based <a href="/wiki/Cookie_Jar_Group" title="Cookie Jar Group">CINAR</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Masterpiece_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Masterpiece Theatre">Masterpiece Theatre</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova (American TV series)">Nova</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Antiques_Roadshow_(American_TV_program)" title="Antiques Roadshow (American TV program)">Antiques Roadshow</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Frontline_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontline (U.S. TV series)">Frontline</a></i>, as well as many other children's and lifestyle programs. News programs are produced by <a href="/wiki/WETA-TV" title="WETA-TV">WETA-TV</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/PBS_Newshour" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS Newshour">PBS Newshour</a></i>) in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">WNET</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/WPBT" title="WPBT">WPBT</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami</a>. Newark, New Jersey/<a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> member <a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">WNET</a> produces or distributes programs such as <i><a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Dead" title="Secrets of the Dead">Secrets of the Dead</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature (TV series)">Nature</a>,</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Cyberchase" title="Cyberchase">Cyberchase</a></i>. PBS also works with other networks for programming such as <a href="/wiki/CNN_International" title="CNN International">CNN International</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Amanpour_%26_Company" title="Amanpour & Company">Amanpour & Company</a></i> which is a co-production of CNN International and WNET.
</p><p>PBS member stations are known for rebroadcasting British television <a href="/wiki/Costume_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Costume drama">costume dramas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Britcoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Britcoms">comedies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_on_television" title="Science fiction on television">science fiction</a> programs (acquired from the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and other sources) such as <i><a href="/wiki/Downton_Abbey" title="Downton Abbey">Downton Abbey</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/%27Allo_%27Allo!" title="'Allo 'Allo!">'Allo 'Allo!</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Are_You_Being_Served%3F" title="Are You Being Served?">Are You Being Served?</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/The_Benny_Hill_Show" title="The Benny Hill Show">The Benny Hill Show</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Dwarf" title="Red Dwarf">Red Dwarf</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_and_Rise_of_Reginald_Perrin" title="The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin">The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Father_Ted" title="Father Ted">Father Ted</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Fawlty_Towers" title="Fawlty Towers">Fawlty Towers</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Harry_Enfield_%26_Chums" title="Harry Enfield & Chums">Harry Enfield & Chums</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Keeping_Up_Appearances" title="Keeping Up Appearances">Keeping Up Appearances</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus">Monty Python's Flying Circus</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Bean" title="Mr. Bean">Mr. Bean</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Vicar_of_Dibley" title="The Vicar of Dibley">The Vicar of Dibley</a></i>, the original run of <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(TV_series)" title="Sherlock (TV series)">Sherlock</a></i>. However, a significant amount of sharing takes place. The BBC and British broadcasters such as <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> often cooperate with PBS stations, producing material that is shown on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a>. Less frequently, Canadian, Australian and other international programming appears on PBS stations (such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Green_Show" title="The Red Green Show">The Red Green Show</a></i>, currently distributed by syndicator Executive Program Services); public broadcasting syndicators are more likely to offer this programming to U.S.-based public television stations.
</p><p>PBS is not the only distributor of public television programming to the member stations. Other distributors have emerged from the roots of companies that maintained loosely held regional public television stations in the 1960s. <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>-based <a href="/wiki/American_Public_Television" title="American Public Television">American Public Television</a> (which, among other names, was formerly known as Eastern Educational Network and the American Program Service) is second only to PBS for distributing programs to U.S. non-commercial stations. Another distributor is NETA (formerly SECA), whose properties have included <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shapies" title="The Shapies">The Shapies</a></i> and <i>Jerry Yarnell School of Fine Art</i>. In addition, the member stations themselves also produce a variety of local shows, some of which subsequently receive national distribution through PBS or other distributors.
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Rerun" title="Rerun">Rerun programming</a>, especially domestic programming not originally produced for public television, is generally uncommon on PBS or its member stations. The most prominent exception to this is <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lawrence_Welk_Show" title="The Lawrence Welk Show">The Lawrence Welk Show</a></i>, which has aired continuously in reruns on PBS (through the <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Educational_Television_Authority" title="Oklahoma Educational Television Authority">Oklahoma Educational Television Authority</a>) almost every weekend since 1986. Reruns of programs originally produced for public television are common, especially with former PBS shows whose hosts have retired or died (for example, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Joy_of_Painting" title="The Joy of Painting">The Joy of Painting</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mister_Rogers%27_Neighborhood" title="Mister Rogers' Neighborhood">Mister Rogers' Neighborhood</a></i>). Children's programming (such as <i><a href="/wiki/Clifford_the_Big_Red_Dog_(2000_TV_series)" title="Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000 TV series)">Clifford the Big Red Dog</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/DragonflyTV" title="DragonflyTV">DragonflyTV</a></i>, the latter of which is also syndicated on commercial television) is rerun extensively. In 2020 and 2021, PBS served as the over-the-air home to select specials from the <a href="/wiki/Peanuts_filmography" title="Peanuts filmography"><i>Peanuts</i> library</a>, under sublicense from <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup> the deal was not renewed in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-cbs-pbsnopeanuts_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-pbsnopeanuts-63">[63]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="PBS_Kids">PBS Kids</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">PBS Kids</a></div>
<p>Launched as PTV on July 11, 1994, PBS Kids is the brand for <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_programming" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's programming">children's programs</a> aired by PBS. The PBS Kids Channel, launched in 1999 and operated until 2005, was largely funded by satellite provider <a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a>. The original channel ceased operations on September 26, 2005, in favor of <a href="/wiki/Universal_Kids" title="Universal Kids">PBS Kids Sprout</a>, a commercial <a href="/wiki/Digital_cable" title="Digital cable">digital cable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite television</a> channel originally operated as a joint venture between PBS, <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sesame_Workshop" title="Sesame Workshop">Sesame Workshop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apax_Partners" title="Apax Partners">Apax Partners</a> (<a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a>, which Comcast acquired in 2011, later acquired the other partners' interests in the channel in 2012). However, the original programming block still exists on PBS, filling daytime and in some cases, weekend morning schedules on its member stations; many members also carry 24-hour locally programmed children's networks featuring PBS Kids content on one of their digital subchannels. A revived version of the PBS Kids Channel was launched on January 16, 2017. As of 2019, PBS Kids is the only children's programming block on U.S. broadcast television.
</p><p>As PBS is often known for doing, PBS Kids has broadcast imported series from other countries; these include British series originally broadcast by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a>. Through American Public Television, many PBS stations also began airing the Australian series <i><a href="/wiki/RAGGS_Kids_Club_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="RAGGS Kids Club Band">Raggs</a></i> on June 4, 2007. Some of the programs broadcast as part of the service's children's lineup or through public broadcast syndication directly to its members have subsequently been syndicated to commercial television outlets (such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ghostwriter_(1992_TV_series)" title="Ghostwriter (1992 TV series)">Ghostwriter</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_School_Bus_(TV_series)" title="The Magic School Bus (TV series)">The Magic School Bus</a></i>).
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sports">Sports</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Many PBS member stations and networks—including <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Public_Broadcasting" title="Mississippi Public Broadcasting">Mississippi Public Broadcasting</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mississippi_High_School_Activities_Association" title="Mississippi High School Activities Association">MHSAA</a>), <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Public_Broadcasting" title="Georgia Public Broadcasting">Georgia Public Broadcasting</a> (<a href="/wiki/Georgia_High_School_Association" title="Georgia High School Association">GHSA</a>), <a href="/wiki/Maine_Public_Broadcasting_Network" title="Maine Public Broadcasting Network">Maine Public Broadcasting Network</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maine_Principals%27_Association" title="Maine Principals' Association">MPA</a>), <a href="/wiki/Iowa_PBS" title="Iowa PBS">Iowa PBS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iowa_Girls_High_School_Athletic_Union" title="Iowa Girls High School Athletic Union">IGHSAU</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Public_Media" title="Nebraska Public Media">Nebraska Public Media</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nebraska_School_Activities_Association" title="Nebraska School Activities Association">NSAA</a>), and <a href="/wiki/WKYU-TV" title="WKYU-TV">WKYU-TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_Kentucky_Hilltoppers" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Kentucky Hilltoppers">Western Kentucky Hilltoppers</a>)—locally broadcast <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a> and college sports. From the 1980s onward, the national PBS network has not typically carried sporting events, mainly because the broadcast rights to most sporting events have become more cost-prohibitive in that timeframe, especially for nonprofits with limited revenue potential; in addition, starting with the respective launches of the <a href="/wiki/MountainWest_Sports_Network" title="MountainWest Sports Network">MountainWest Sports Network</a> (now defunct) and <a href="/wiki/Big_Ten_Network" title="Big Ten Network">Big Ten Network</a> in 2006 and 2007 and the later launches of the <a href="/wiki/Pac-12_Network" title="Pac-12 Network">Pac-12 Network</a> and <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN's</a> <a href="/wiki/SEC_Network" title="SEC Network">SEC Network</a> and <a href="/wiki/ACC_Network" title="ACC Network">ACC Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athletic_conference" title="Athletic conference">athletic conferences</a> have acquired rights for all of their member university's sports programs for their cable channels, restricting their use from PBS member stations, even those associated with their own universities.
</p><p>From 1976 to 1989, <a href="/wiki/KQED_(TV)" title="KQED (TV)">KQED</a> produced a series of <a href="/wiki/Bundesliga" title="Bundesliga">Bundesliga</a> matches under the banner <i><a href="/wiki/Soccer_Made_in_Germany" title="Soccer Made in Germany">Soccer Made in Germany</a></i>, with <a href="/wiki/Toby_Charles" title="Toby Charles">Toby Charles</a> announcing. PBS also carried <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a> events, as well as <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> football. Notable football commentators included <a href="/wiki/Upton_Bell" title="Upton Bell">Upton Bell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marty_Glickman" title="Marty Glickman">Marty Glickman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Casciola" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Casciola">Bob Casciola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Dowling_(American_football)" title="Brian Dowling (American football)">Brian Dowling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sean_McDonough" title="Sean McDonough">Sean McDonough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Corrigan_(sportscaster)" title="Jack Corrigan (sportscaster)">Jack Corrigan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup> Other sports programs included interview series such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Way_It_Was_(TV_series)" title="The Way It Was (TV series)">The Way It Was</a></i> and <i>The Sporting Life</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Governance">Governance</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>The board of directors is responsible for governing and setting policy for PBS, consisting of 27 members: 14 professional directors (station managers), 12 general directors (outside directors), and the PBS president.<sup id="cite_ref-about-board_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-board-66">[66]</a></sup> All PBS Board members serve three-year terms, without pay.<sup id="cite_ref-about-board_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-board-66">[66]</a></sup> PBS member stations elect the 14 professional directors; the board elects the 12 general directors and appoints the PBS president and CEO; and the entire board elects its officers.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Member_stations">Member stations</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_PBS_member_stations" title="List of PBS member stations">List of PBS member stations</a></div>
<p>As of March 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PBS&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, PBS maintains current memberships with 354 television stations encompassing 50 states, the District of Columbia and four U.S. possessions;<sup id="cite_ref-Station_Index_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Station_Index-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup> as such, it is the only television broadcaster in the United States—commercial or non-commercial—which has station partners licensed in every U.S. state (by comparison, none of the five major commercial broadcast networks has affiliates in certain states where PBS has members, most notably <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>). The service has an estimated national reach of 93.74% of all households in the United States (or 292,926,047 Americans with at least one television set).
</p><p>PBS stations are commonly operated by <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">nonprofit organizations</a>, state agencies, local authorities (such as municipal boards of education), or <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">universities</a> in their <a href="/wiki/City_of_license" title="City of license">city of license</a>; this is similar (albeit more centralized in states where a licensee owns multiple stations rebroadcasting the main PBS member) to the early model of commercial broadcasting in the U.S., in which network-affiliated stations were initially owned by companies that owned few to no other television stations elsewhere in the country. In some U.S. states, a group of PBS stations throughout the entire state may be organized into a single regional "subnetwork" (such as <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Public_Television" title="Alabama Public Television">Alabama Public Television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_PBS" title="Arkansas PBS">Arkansas PBS</a>); in this model, PBS programming and other content is distributed by the originating station in the subnetwork to other <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_relay_station" title="Broadcast relay station">full-power stations that serve as satellites as well as any low-power translators</a> in other areas of the state. Some states may be served by such a regional network and simultaneously have PBS member stations in a certain city (such as the case with secondary member <a href="/wiki/KBDI-TV" title="KBDI-TV">KBDI-TV</a> in <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, which is not related to <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> member network <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_PBS" title="Rocky Mountain PBS">Rocky Mountain PBS</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Flagship_(broadcasting)" title="Flagship (broadcasting)">flagship station</a> and primary Denver PBS member, KRMA-TV) that operate autonomously from the regional member network.
</p><p>As opposed to the present commercial broadcasting model in which network programs are often carried exclusively on one television station in a given market, PBS may maintain more than one member station in certain markets, which may be owned by the licensee of the market's primary PBS member station or owned by a separate licensee (as a prime example, <a href="/wiki/KOCE-TV" title="KOCE-TV">KOCE-TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/KLCS" title="KLCS">KLCS</a> and <a href="/wiki/KVCR-DT" title="KVCR-DT">KVCR-DT</a>—which are all individually owned—serve as PBS stations for the Los Angeles <a href="/wiki/Media_market" title="Media market">market</a>; KCET served as the market's primary PBS member until it left the service in January 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup> at which time it was replaced by KOCE). KCET rejoined PBS in 2019, thus giving the Los Angeles area four different member stations.
</p><p>For these cases, PBS utilizes the Program Differentiation Plan, which divides by percentage the number of programs distributed by the service that each member can carry on their schedule; often, this assigns a larger proportion of PBS-distributed programming to the primary member station, with the secondary members being allowed to carry a lesser number of program offerings from the service's schedule. Unlike public broadcasters in most other countries, PBS cannot own any of the stations that broadcasts its programming; therefore, it is one of the few television programming bodies that does not have any <a href="/wiki/Owned-and-operated_station" title="Owned-and-operated station">owned-and-operated stations</a>. This is partly due to the origins of the PBS stations themselves, and partly due to historical <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_license" title="Broadcast license">broadcast license</a> issues.
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Participating_stations">Participating stations</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Most PBS member stations have produced at least some nationally distributed programs. Current regularly scheduled programming on the <a href="/wiki/PBS_Satellite_Service" title="PBS Satellite Service">PBS national feed</a> is produced by a smaller group of stations, including:
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/WGBH-TV" title="WGBH-TV">WGBH-TV</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Arthur_(TV_series)" title="Arthur (TV series)">Arthur</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova (American TV series)">NOVA</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Masterpiece_(TV_series)" title="Masterpiece (TV series)">Masterpiece</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Frontline_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontline (U.S. TV series)">Frontline</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Martha_Speaks_(TV_series)" title="Martha Speaks (TV series)">Martha Speaks</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Peep_and_the_Big_Wide_World" title="Peep and the Big Wide World">Peep and the Big Wide World</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Curious_George_(TV_series)" title="Curious George (TV series)">Curious George</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lidia%27s_Kitchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Lidia's Kitchen">Lidia's Kitchen</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Design_Squad" title="Design Squad">Design Squad</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Oliver" title="Jamie Oliver">Jamie Oliver</a></i>, etc.)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">WNET</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature (TV series)">Nature</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS NewsHour Weekend</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cyberchase" title="Cyberchase">Cyberchase</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Amanpour_%26_Company" title="Amanpour & Company">Amanpour & Company</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Wishbone_(TV_Series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wishbone (TV Series)">Wishbone</a></i> etc.)
<ul><li>Previously <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Public_Television" title="Connecticut Public Television">Connecticut Public Television</a> and now WNET (<i><a href="/wiki/Barney_%26_Friends" title="Barney & Friends">Barney & Friends</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bob_the_Builder" title="Bob the Builder">Bob the Builder</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_%26_Friends" title="Thomas & Friends">Thomas & Friends</a></i>, etc.)</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WETA-TV" title="WETA-TV">WETA-TV</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS NewsHour</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Week" title="Washington Week">Washington Week</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Capitol_Fourth" title="A Capitol Fourth">A Capitol Fourth</a> (annually)</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Test_Kitchen" title="America's Test Kitchen">America's Test Kitchen</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/This_Old_House" title="This Old House">This Old House</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pati_Jinich" title="Pati Jinich">Pati's Mexican Table</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC World News">BBC World News</a></i>, etc.)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WTTW" title="WTTW">WTTW</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Nature_Cat" title="Nature Cat">Nature Cat</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/WordWorld" title="WordWorld">WordWorld</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kidsongs" title="Kidsongs">Kidsongs</a></i>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Public_Television" title="Maryland Public Television">Maryland Public Television</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/MotorWeek" title="MotorWeek">MotorWeek</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Racers" title="Space Racers">Space Racers</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Wimzie%27s_House" title="Wimzie's House">Wimzie's House</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Zoboomafoo" title="Zoboomafoo">Zoboomafoo</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Julia_Child" title="Julia Child">Julia Child</a></i>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KLRU" title="KLRU">KLRU</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits" title="Austin City Limits">Austin City Limits</a></i>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KCET" title="KCET">KCET</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sid_the_Science_Kid" title="Sid the Science Kid">Sid the Science Kid</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lost_L.A." title="Lost L.A.">Lost L.A.</a></i>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KQED_(TV)" title="KQED (TV)">KQED</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Cat_in_the_Hat_Knows_a_Lot_About_That!" title="The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!">The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yan_Can_Cook" title="Yan Can Cook">Yan Can Cook: Spice Kingdom</a></i>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Public_Broadcasting" title="Oregon Public Broadcasting">Oregon Public Broadcasting</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/History_Detectives" title="History Detectives">History Detectives</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rick_Steves%27_Europe" title="Rick Steves' Europe">Rick Steves' Europe</a></i> (season 10))</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PBS_North_Carolina" title="PBS North Carolina">PBS North Carolina</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Woodwright%27s_Shop" title="The Woodwright's Shop">The Woodwright's Shop</a></i>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_ETV" class="mw-redirect" title="South Carolina ETV">South Carolina ETV</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Studio_See" title="Studio See">Studio See</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_School_Bus_(TV_series)" title="The Magic School Bus (TV series)">The Magic School Bus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Chef%27s_Life" title="A Chef's Life">A Chef's Life</a></i>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WXXI-TV" title="WXXI-TV">WXXI-TV</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Biz_Kid$" class="mw-redirect" title="Biz Kid$">Biz Kid$</a></i>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WQED_(TV)" title="WQED (TV)">WQED</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Mister_Rogers%27_Neighborhood" title="Mister Rogers' Neighborhood">Mister Rogers' Neighborhood</a></i>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Cities_PBS" title="Twin Cities PBS">Twin Cities PBS</a> (KTCA-TV/KTCI-TV) (<i><a href="/wiki/Newton%27s_Apple" title="Newton's Apple">Newton's Apple</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/DragonflyTV" title="DragonflyTV">DragonflyTV</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/SciGirls" title="SciGirls">SciGirls</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hero_Elementary" title="Hero Elementary">Hero Elementary</a></i>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KCTS-TV" title="KCTS-TV">KCTS-TV</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Rick_Steves%27_Europe" title="Rick Steves' Europe">Rick Steves' Europe</a></i>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_PBS" title="Arkansas PBS">Arkansas PBS</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="State of the Art">State of the Art</a></i>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WYES-TV" title="WYES-TV">WYES-TV</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Belton" title="Kevin Belton">Kevin Belton</a></i>)</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="PBS_networks">PBS networks</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<th>Network</th>
<th>Notes
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<td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PBS_Kids_logo_(2022).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/PBS_Kids_logo_%282022%29.svg/126px-PBS_Kids_logo_%282022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="126" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/PBS_Kids_logo_%282022%29.svg/189px-PBS_Kids_logo_%282022%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/PBS_Kids_logo_%282022%29.svg/252px-PBS_Kids_logo_%282022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">PBS Kids</a></b>
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<td>A programming block that provides <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_television_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's television program">children's television programs</a>. The block was formerly called PTV Park. Launched as a 24/7 network in 1999 that was dissolved in 2005 and subsequently revived in 2017.
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<td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/PBS_Satellite_Service" title="PBS Satellite Service">PBS Satellite Service</a></b></td>
<td>A 24-hour alternate network feed that provides a mixed variety of programming selected from the main PBS service, as well as for carriage on programming tiers of satellite providers.
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<p>PBS has <a href="/wiki/Corporate_spin-off" title="Corporate spin-off">spun off</a> a number of <a href="/wiki/Television_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Television network">television networks</a>, often in partnership with other media companies. <a href="/wiki/PBS_YOU" title="PBS YOU">PBS YOU</a>, a distance education and how-to service operated between 2000 and 2006, and was largely succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Create_(TV_network)" title="Create (TV network)">Create</a> (a similarly formatted network owned by American Public Television). The 24-hour PBS Kids Channel has had two iterations in the age of <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital television</a>; one which existed between 1999 and 2005 (being superseded by PBS Kids Sprout), and the current version which was launched in 2017. <a href="/wiki/World_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="World (TV network)">World</a> began operations in 2007 as a service operated by PBS but is now managed by American Public Television.
</p><p>PBS has also restructured its satellite feed system, simplifying <a href="/wiki/PBS-HD" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS-HD">HD02 (PBS West)</a> into a timeshift feed for the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">Pacific Time Zone</a>, rather than a high-definition complement to its formerly primary SD feed. <a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids_Go!" title="PBS Kids Go!">PBS Kids Go!</a> was proposed as a replacement broadcast network for the original 1999–2005 version of the PBS Kids Channel; however, plans to launch the network were folded in 2006. Programming from the PBS Satellite Service has also been carried by certain member stations or regional member networks to fill their overnight schedules (particularly those that have transitioned to a 24-hour schedule since the late 1990s), in lieu of providing programming sourced from outside public television distributors or repeats of local programming (program promotions shown on the satellite feed advertise upcoming programs as being aired on PBS during the timeslot card normally used as a placeholder for member outlets to insert local airtime information).
</p><p>Some or all of these services are available on a digital cable tier of many cable providers, on a <a href="/wiki/FTA_receiver" title="FTA receiver">free-to-air (FTA) satellite receiver</a> receiving from <a href="/wiki/PBS_Satellite_Service" title="PBS Satellite Service">PBS Satellite Service</a>, as well as via subscription-based <a href="/wiki/Direct_broadcast_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct broadcast satellite">direct broadcast satellite</a> providers. With the exception of Sprout, some of these services, including those from PBS member stations and networks, have not made contracts with Internet-distributed <a href="/wiki/Over-the-top_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Over-the-top content">over-the-top</a> <a href="/wiki/Multichannel_video_programming_distributor" class="mw-redirect" title="Multichannel video programming distributor">MVPD</a> services such as <a href="/wiki/Sling_TV" title="Sling TV">Sling TV</a> and the now defunct <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vue" title="PlayStation Vue">PlayStation Vue</a>. With the transition to over-the-air <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital television</a> broadcasts, many of the services are also often now available as standard-definition <a href="/wiki/Multicast#Television" title="Multicast">multicast</a> channels on the digital signals of some member stations, while HD02 (PBS West) serves as a secondary HD feed. With the absence of <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a>, network identification on these PBS networks was limited to utilization at the end of the program, which includes the standard series of <a href="/wiki/Commercial_bumper" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial bumper">bumpers</a> from the "Be More" campaign.
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Independent_networks">Independent networks</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>While not operated or controlled by PBS proper, additional public broadcasting networks are available and carried by PBS member stations. The following three are also distributed by PBS via satellite.
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<td><a href="/wiki/Create_(TV_network)" title="Create (TV network)">Create</a></td>
<td>Educational and artistic programming</td>
<td rowspan="2">American Public Television
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<td><a href="/wiki/World_Channel" title="World Channel">World</a></td>
<td>News and documentaries
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<td><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_Experience" title="First Nations Experience">First Nations Experience</a></td>
<td>Indigenous programming</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Community_College_District" title="San Bernardino Community College District">San Bernardino Community College District</a>
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<p>From 2002 to 2011, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a> member station <a href="/wiki/WNED-TV" title="WNED-TV">WNED-TV</a> operated <a href="/wiki/ThinkBright" title="ThinkBright">ThinkBright TV</a>, a service that was carried on several stations in upstate <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. Several state networks also offer a <a href="/wiki/Public_affairs_(broadcasting)" title="Public affairs (broadcasting)">public affairs</a> subchannel network offering full-time coverage of state government events and legislative/judicial proceedings in the same vein as <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>'s coverage of the federal government. Many PBS stations also carried MHz Worldview from the <a href="/wiki/MHz_Networks" title="MHz Networks">MHz Networks</a> until 2020 when MHz Networks announced its discontinuation of the network on March 1, 2020. Since then, many stations has switched to World Channel as well as <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_Experience" title="First Nations Experience">First Nations Experience</a>.
</p><p>A separate but related concept is the state network, where a group of stations across a state simulcast a single programming schedule from a central facility, which may include specialty subchannels unique to that broadcaster.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Visual_identity">Visual identity</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096954695/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBS_1971_id.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="PBS logo from 1971 to 1984" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/PBS_1971_id.svg/125px-PBS_1971_id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/PBS_1971_id.svg/188px-PBS_1971_id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/PBS_1971_id.svg/250px-PBS_1971_id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="432" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">PBS's second logo, the first iteration to include the "P-Head" element.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBS_(1984-2019)_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="PBS logo from 1984 to 2019, as seen in 2002." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/PBS_%281984-2019%29_logo.svg/125px-PBS_%281984-2019%29_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/PBS_%281984-2019%29_logo.svg/188px-PBS_%281984-2019%29_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/PBS_%281984-2019%29_logo.svg/250px-PBS_%281984-2019%29_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="236" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">PBS's third logo, as used from 1984 to 2019. The logo pictured is the 2002 version.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBS_logo_1970.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="PBS logo from 1970 to 1971." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/PBS_logo_1970.svg/125px-PBS_logo_1970.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/PBS_logo_1970.svg/188px-PBS_logo_1970.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/PBS_logo_1970.svg/250px-PBS_logo_1970.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="255" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">PBS logo from 1970 to 1971, with the same colors as the NET logo from 1967.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBS_with_Wordmark_1984.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="PBS logo from 1984 to 1989." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PBS_with_Wordmark_1984.svg/125px-PBS_with_Wordmark_1984.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PBS_with_Wordmark_1984.svg/188px-PBS_with_Wordmark_1984.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PBS_with_Wordmark_1984.svg/250px-PBS_with_Wordmark_1984.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">PBS logo from 1984 to 1989.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBS_print_1989.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="PBS logo from 1989 to 1992." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/PBS_print_1989.png/125px-PBS_print_1989.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/PBS_print_1989.png/188px-PBS_print_1989.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/PBS_print_1989.png/250px-PBS_print_1989.png 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">PBS logo from 1989 to 1992.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBS_print_1992.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="PBS logo from 1992 to 1996." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/PBS_print_1992.png/125px-PBS_print_1992.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/PBS_print_1992.png/188px-PBS_print_1992.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/PBS_print_1992.png/250px-PBS_print_1992.png 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">PBS logo from 1992 to 1996.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBS_print_1996.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="PBS logo from 1996 to 1998." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PBS_print_1996.png/125px-PBS_print_1996.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PBS_print_1996.png/188px-PBS_print_1996.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PBS_print_1996.png/250px-PBS_print_1996.png 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="922" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">PBS logo from 1996 to 1998.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBS_(Alt)_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="PBS Alternate logo from 1984 to 2019." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/PBS_%28Alt%29_logo.svg/125px-PBS_%28Alt%29_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/PBS_%28Alt%29_logo.svg/188px-PBS_%28Alt%29_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/PBS_%28Alt%29_logo.svg/250px-PBS_%28Alt%29_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="844" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">PBS Alternate logo from 1984 to 2019.</div></div></div></div></div>
<p>PBS introduced its first iconographic logo in 1971, a multi-colored <a href="/wiki/Wordmark" title="Wordmark">wordmark</a> of the network's initials with the P designed to resemble a <a href="/wiki/Silhouette" title="Silhouette">silhouette</a> of a human face. The logo was designed by Ernie Smith and <a href="/wiki/Herb_Lubalin" title="Herb Lubalin">Herb Lubalin</a> of the Lubalin Smith Carnase design firm.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup> Lubalin's human face "P", known internally at PBS as "Everyman", but more commonly known as the "P-Head", became the basis for all subsequent PBS logos.<sup id="cite_ref-Identify_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Identify-72">[72]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1984, PBS introduced a new version of the logo, designed by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Geismar" title="Tom Geismar">Tom Geismar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chermayeff_%26_Geismar_%26_Haviv" title="Chermayeff & Geismar & Haviv">Chermayeff & Geismar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></sup> Chermayeff & Geismar felt that the Lubalin-designed logo was too similar to those of the three dominant commercial networks of the time, and they sought "to develop a symbol that could stand for the more inclusive concept of 'public television<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>". They inverted Lubalin's Everyman "P" to face to the right instead of the left, and repeated the outline as a series to represent a "multitude" of people. The symbol was subsequently renamed "Everyone".<sup id="cite_ref-Identify_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Identify-72">[72]</a></sup> The repeated outline of the face has also been interpreted to suggest a degree of <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a>, as well as the public service aspect of the PBS mission.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></sup>
</p><p>The logo has been used in various forms since: from 1998 onward, the Geismar logo has been rendered in white on a circle.<sup id="cite_ref-Identify_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Identify-72">[72]</a></sup>
</p><p>On November 4, 2019, in honor of the network's 50th anniversary, PBS unveiled a revamped <a href="/wiki/Brand_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Brand identity">brand identity</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lippincott_(brand_consultancy)" title="Lippincott (brand consultancy)">Lippincott</a>, intended to be better-suited for use on digital platforms. The Geismar logo was tweaked, a new custom <a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">sans-serif</a> typeface was commissioned for the logo and other branding elements (which replaces the <a href="/wiki/Slab_serif" title="Slab serif">slab serif</a> typeface used in the PBS logo since 1984), and <a href="/wiki/Electric_blue_(color)" title="Electric blue (color)">electric blue</a> and white were adopted as corporate colors.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></sup> The network is allowing flexibility in implementation, but is no longer allowing the logo to be displayed independently of the PBS name. Upon the launch of the new logo, some members rebranded themselves to include PBS in their name for the first time, such as Wisconsin Public Television rebranding as <a href="/wiki/PBS_Wisconsin" title="PBS Wisconsin">PBS Wisconsin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldsmith_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldsmith-76">[76]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup> PBS is paying out grants to at least 100 members to cover costs associated with the rebranding.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldsmith_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldsmith-76">[76]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Reception">Reception</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Critical_response">Critical response</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p><i>PBS</i> has been praised by critics for its variety of programming.<sup id="cite_ref-Framke_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Framke-78">[78]</a></sup> Tim Goodman of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i> marked PBS' airing of <i><a href="/wiki/Downton_Abbey" title="Downton Abbey">Downton Abbey</a></i> as a turning point for the network's reputation and program variety<i>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Goodman_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodman-79">[79]</a></sup> He also wrote, "It's PBS's time to shine"<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup> and said that the network "is an endless bounty of riches...Ain't this great?"<sup id="cite_ref-Goodman_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodman-79">[79]</a></sup> Stevenonymous of <i><a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a></i> wrote, "PBS isn't just TV anymore."<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></sup> David Zurawik of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a></i> wrote, "If you want a reason to believe in PBS...here it is."<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></sup> Mekeisha Madden Toby of <i><a href="/wiki/TheWrap" title="TheWrap">TheWrap</a></i> wrote, "There is a lot to love...on PBS."<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></sup> Kristen McQuinn of <i>Book Riot</i> wrote, "PBS is awesome in every way."<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup> Caroline Framke of <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i> wrote, "There's still no beating PBS."<sup id="cite_ref-Framke_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Framke-78">[78]</a></sup> Alyssa Rosenburg of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> wrote, "PBS is a unifying thread...through our cultural fabric."<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></sup> Margaret Renkl of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> wrote, "By aiming to unite...PBS might save us yet."<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></sup> Margie Barron of <i>Entertainment Today</i> wrote, "PBS remains a beacon...that inspires."<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></sup> The <i>Marketing & Research Resources</i> survey, said that PBS is the "#1 most trusted media 19 years in a row."<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></sup> In 2021, the network had 14 <a href="/wiki/News_and_Documentary_Emmy_Awards" title="News and Documentary Emmy Awards">News & Documentary Emmy Award</a> nominations, more than any other organization.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></sup> Matt Roush of <i><a href="/wiki/TV_Insider" class="mw-redirect" title="TV Insider">TV Insider</a></i> wrote, "PBS is and always has been a bright light."<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></sup>
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<p>Since 53% to 60% of public television's revenues come from private membership donations and <a href="/wiki/Grant_(money)" title="Grant (money)">grants</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></sup> most stations solicit individual donations by methods including <a href="/wiki/Fundraising" title="Fundraising">fundraising</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pledge_drive" title="Pledge drive">pledge drives</a> or <a href="/wiki/Telethon" title="Telethon">telethons</a>, which disrupt regularly scheduled programming. This has been perceived as potentially annoying since regularly scheduled programming is often replaced with specials aimed at a wider audience (such as music specials aimed at the <a href="/wiki/Baby_Boom" class="mw-redirect" title="Baby Boom">Baby Boomer</a> generation and financial, health and motivational programs) to solicit new members and donations; during fundraising events, these programs are often interrupted within the broadcast by long-form segments (of six to eight minutes in length) encouraging viewers to donate to their PBS member.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Underwriting_spot" title="Underwriting spot">Underwriting spots</a> are aired at the end of each program, which differ from traditional commercials in several ways.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></sup> Each spot must be approved to meet several guidelines.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></sup> The main guidelines state that underwriting spots cannot be qualitative in any way, nor can they have any call to action.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Controversies">Controversies</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<h3><span id="Accusations_of_political.2Fideological_bias"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Accusations_of_political/ideological_bias">Accusations of political/ideological bias</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>A 1982 broadcast of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Information_Agency" title="United States Information Agency">United States Information Agency</a> program <i>Let Poland be Poland</i> about the <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">martial law declared in Poland in 1981</a> was widely viewed in the U.S., but met with skepticism on the part of eastern European broadcasters (communist countries at the time) due to concerns that the program's "provocative and anticommunist" tone was intended as propaganda.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1999, at least three public television stations were caught selling or trading their mailing lists with the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a>. Under <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">IRS</a> regulations, <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">nonprofit organizations</a> are prohibited from participating in political actions. Officials from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting condemned the practice and conducted an investigation into the matter. The stations involved were in New York, Boston, and Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></sup>
</p><p>Individual programs aired by PBS have been the targets of organized campaigns by individuals and groups with opposing views, including by former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">United States Secretary of Education</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Spellings" title="Margaret Spellings">Margaret Spellings</a> in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></sup>
</p><p>Nonetheless, in every year since 2004, surveys of Americans have shown PBS to have been consistently ranked as the most trusted institution in comparison to <a href="/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">commercial</a> <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_in_the_United_States" title="Broadcasting in the United States">broadcast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cable_television_in_the_United_States" title="Cable television in the United States">cable television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newspapers_in_the_United_States" title="Newspapers in the United States">newspapers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming services</a>, and in January 2021, Americans valued tax dollars spent on PBS behind only <a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_the_United_States" title="Military budget of the United States">military defense</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">oversight of food and drug safety</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Accusations_during_Tomlinson_tenure">Accusations during Tomlinson tenure</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>In September 2003, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Tomlinson" title="Kenneth Tomlinson">Kenneth Tomlinson</a> was chosen as chairman of the CPB board.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></sup> He criticized PBS and <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> for an allegedly "liberal bias".<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></sup> His efforts sparked complaints of political pressure.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></sup>
</p><p>To partially balance out the perceived left-leaning PBS shows, from June 2004 to July 2005, PBS aired <i>Tucker Carlson: Unfiltered</i> with conservative commentator <a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Tucker Carlson</a>, and from September 2004 to December 2005, PBS aired <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_Editorial_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="The Journal Editorial Report">The Journal Editorial Report</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gigot" title="Paul Gigot">Paul Gigot</a>, a conservative editor of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> editorial page.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></sup> In December 2004, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Moyers" title="Bill Moyers">Bill Moyers</a> resigned as a PBS regular, citing political pressure to alter the content of his program, and saying Tomlinson had mounted a "vendetta" against him.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></sup>
</p><p>In May 2005, two House Democrats requested the CPB inspector general investigate the complaints of political interference.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></sup> The inspector general's report was issued in November 2005 and described possible political influence on personnel decisions, including e-mail correspondence between Tomlinson and the White House which indicated that Tomlinson "was strongly motivated by political considerations in filling the president/CEO position", a position filled in June 2005 by former <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">Republican National Committee</a> co-chair <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Harrison" title="Patricia Harrison">Patricia Harrison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></sup> Tomlinson resigned from the CPB board on November 3, 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></sup>
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<p>In January 2021, Michael Beller, the chief attorney for PBS resigned after being caught on tape suggesting that the children of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> supporters should be sent to <a href="/wiki/Concentration_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Concentration Camp">re-education camps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lawsuit_with_Pacific_Arts">Lawsuit with Pacific Arts</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>In the 1990s, PBS became involved in a dispute over home video licensing rights with <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Arts_Corporation" title="Pacific Arts Corporation">Pacific Arts Corporation</a>, a multimedia company owned and operated by former <a href="/wiki/The_Monkees" title="The Monkees">Monkees</a> guitarist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Nesmith" title="Michael Nesmith">Michael Nesmith</a>.
</p><p>In 1990, Pacific Arts secured a contract with PBS to distribute their back catalog of programming on VHS under the <a href="/wiki/PBS_Home_Video" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS Home Video">PBS Home Video</a> banner. However, in the early 1990s, Pacific Arts and PBS went through a series of serious disagreements. Lawsuits were filed: by Nesmith and Pacific Arts against PBS for breach of contract, intentional misrepresentation, intentional concealment, negligent misrepresentation, and interference with contract; and by PBS against Nesmith and Pacific Arts for lost royalties.<sup id="cite_ref-Behrens_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Behrens-110">[110]</a></sup> The lawsuits escalated in 1994 and 1995 into major litigation between the parties over these rights and payments. PBS and Nesmith and Pacific Arts vigorously prosecuted these multimillion-dollar counter-suits.
</p><p>The six plaintiffs included PBS, <a href="/wiki/WGBH-TV" title="WGBH-TV">WGBH-TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">WNET</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns" title="Ken Burns">Ken Burns</a>-owned American Documentaries and Radio Pioneers Film Project and the <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Television_Workshop" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's Television Workshop">Children's Television Workshop</a>. They sought approximately $5 million in disputed royalties, advances, guarantees and license fees for programs and the use of the PBS logo from the defendants Pacific Arts and Nesmith.
</p><p>Due to the cost of the litigation, Pacific Arts was forced to cease distribution operations and suspended the use of the PBS logo on the Pacific Arts videos.<sup id="cite_ref-Behrens_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Behrens-110">[110]</a></sup> Though Pacific Arts distribution system had ceased operating, the various plaintiffs were counting on capturing a personal financial guarantee Nesmith had made to PBS in the original PBS deal in 1990.
</p><p>The cases went to jury trial in Federal Court in Los Angeles in February 1999. After three days of deliberation, the jury unanimously sided with Nesmith.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></sup> The court awarded Pacific Arts $14,625,000 for loss of its rights library, plus $29,250,000 in punitive damages. The jury awarded $3 million to Nesmith personally, including $2 million in punitive damages for a total award to Nesmith and Pacific Arts of $48,875,000. The jury resolved the outstanding license fee issues by ordering Pacific Arts and Nesmith to pay approximately $1.2 million to American Documentaries for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Civil_War_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Civil War (TV series)">The Civil War</a></i>, about $230,000 to <a href="/wiki/WGBH-TV" title="WGBH-TV">WGBH-TV</a>, and $150,000 to <a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">WNET</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Behrens_110-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Behrens-110">[110]</a></sup>
</p><p>Following the ruling, Nesmith expressed his personal disappointment with PBS and was quoted by <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> as stating "It's like finding your grandmother stealing your stereo. You're happy to get your stereo back, but it's sad to find out your grandmother is a thief."<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></sup>
</p><p>The decision never went to an appeals court and the final amount paid to Pacific Arts and Nesmith was an undisclosed sum agreed to in an out-of-court settlement.
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<h2><span id="Warning.2C_Alert_and_Response_Network_.28WARN.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Warning,_Alert_and_Response_Network_(WARN)">Warning, Alert and Response Network (WARN)</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>PBS provides an alternative path for <a href="/wiki/Wireless_Emergency_Alerts" title="Wireless Emergency Alerts">Wireless Emergency Alerts</a> to wireless carriers through its Warning, Alert and Response Network (WARN). The alerts are transmitted through the PBS satellite network on the <a href="/wiki/AMC-21" title="AMC-21">AMC-21</a> satellite to PBS stations, who then broadcast the messages over their transmitters for reception by wireless carriers at their cell sites.<sup id="cite_ref-WARN/PBS_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WARN/PBS-113">[113]</a></sup>
</p><p>The WARN network is funded by a grant through <a href="/wiki/National_Telecommunications_and_Information_Administration" title="National Telecommunications and Information Administration">National Telecommunications and Information Administration</a> (NTIA).<sup id="cite_ref-WARN/PBS_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WARN/PBS-113">[113]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/32px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/48px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/64px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Television" title="Portal:Television">Television portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">American Public Media</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">Television in the United States</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Similar_public_broadcasting_services">Similar public broadcasting services</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/TVOntario" class="mw-redirect" title="TVOntario">TVOntario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Network" title="Knowledge Network">Knowledge Network</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/China_Education_Television" title="China Education Television">China Education Television</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France_5" title="France 5">France 5</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Educational_Broadcasting_System" title="Educational Broadcasting System">Educational Broadcasting System</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<li id="cite_note-FAQ-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FAQ_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAQ_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAQ_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133582631">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cpb.org/faq">"CPB FAQ"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</a></i>. January 6, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707135125/https://www.cpb.org/faq">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Corporation+for+Public+Broadcasting&rft.atitle=CPB+FAQ&rft.date=2016-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpb.org%2Ffaq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Brit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brit_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brit_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Public-Broadcasting-Service">"Public Broadcasting Service"</a>. <i>Britannica</i>. September 15, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Public+Broadcasting+Service&rft.btitle=Britannica&rft.date=2023-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FPublic-Broadcasting-Service&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-PBS_infographic-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PBS_infographic_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PBS_infographic_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bento.cdn.pbs.org/hostedbento-prod/filer_public/PBS_About/Files%20and%20Thumbnails/PBS_TrustBrochure2018.pdf">"15 Years As America's Most Trusted Institution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>PBS</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180611073823/http://bento.cdn.pbs.org/hostedbento-prod/filer_public/PBS_About/Files%20and%20Thumbnails/PBS_TrustBrochure2018.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 11, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=15+Years+As+America%27s+Most+Trusted+Institution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbento.cdn.pbs.org%2Fhostedbento-prod%2Ffiler_public%2FPBS_About%2FFiles%2520and%2520Thumbnails%2FPBS_TrustBrochure2018.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Station_Index-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Station_Index_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Station_Index_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Station_Index_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stationindex.com/tv/by-net/pbs">"Network Profile: PBS"</a>. <i>Station Index</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201042930/http://www.stationindex.com/tv/by-net/pbs">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Station+Index&rft.atitle=Network+Profile%3A+PBS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stationindex.com%2Ftv%2Fby-net%2Fpbs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-About_PBS-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-About_PBS_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_PBS_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/">"About PBS – Overview"</a>. <i>PBS</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180907224131/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=About+PBS+%E2%80%93+Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpbs.org%2Fabout%2Fabout-pbs%2Foverview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/leadership/">"About PBS – Leadership Team"</a>. <i>PBS</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143632/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/leadership/">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=About+PBS+%E2%80%93+Leadership+Team&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fabout%2Fabout-pbs%2Fleadership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFBoyer1986" class="citation news cs1">Boyer, Peter J. (January 3, 1986). <span class="cs1-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/03/obituaries/hartford-n-gunn-jr-is-dead-public-broadcasting-founder.html">"Hartford N. Gunn Jr. is Dead; Public Broadcasting Founder"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612222110/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/03/obituaries/hartford-n-gunn-jr-is-dead-public-broadcasting-founder.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hartford+N.+Gunn+Jr.+is+Dead%3B+Public+Broadcasting+Founder&rft.date=1986-01-03&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1986%2F01%2F03%2Fobituaries%2Fhartford-n-gunn-jr-is-dead-public-broadcasting-founder.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Miss-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miss_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miss_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/">"Mission & Values"</a>. <i>PBS</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220718060856/https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=Mission+%26+Values&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fabout%2Fabout-pbs%2Fmission-values%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mondotimes.com/2/topics/5/102/6139">"Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) – USA TV Channel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Print_circulation#Concept" title="Print circulation">Mondo Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240118191107/https://www.mondotimes.com/2/topics/5/102/6139">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mondo+Times&rft.atitle=Public+Broadcasting+Service+%28PBS%29+%E2%80%93+USA+TV+Channel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mondotimes.com%2F2%2Ftopics%2F5%2F102%2F6139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFTerbo" class="citation web cs1">Terbo, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm">"Video Documentaries"</a>. <i>Tesla Memorial Society</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025950/http://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2023</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Tesla, Master of Lightning", New Voyage Communications for PBS Television Network, 2000, 90 minutes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tesla+Memorial+Society&rft.atitle=Video+Documentaries&rft.aulast=Terbo&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teslamemorialsociety.org%2FTMSud_Documentaries.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez">"Ray Suarez"</a>. <i>Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220612035410/https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2022</span>. <q>Suarez joined the PBS NewsHour in 1999 and was a senior correspondent for the evening news program on the PBS television network until 2013.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carnegie+Council+for+Ethics+in+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=Ray+Suarez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carnegiecouncil.org%2Fpeople%2Fray-suarez&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/">"PBS Television Broadcasts"</a>. <i>Inside Peace</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220628122359/https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2022</span>. <q>We are pleased to announce the release of Inside Peace throughout the PBS television network in the United States.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inside+Peace&rft.atitle=PBS+Television+Broadcasts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidepeacemovie.com%2Fpbs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting">"Federal Funding for Public Broadcasting"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111083755/https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+Funding+for+Public+Broadcasting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wfyi.org%2Ffederal-funding-for-public-broadcasting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/shows/">"All Shows – PBS"</a>. <i>PBS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=All+Shows+%E2%80%93+PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fshows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/about/producing-pbs/funding/">"PBS Funding Standards"</a>. <i>PBS</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180520030857/http://www.pbs.org/about/producing-pbs/funding/">Archived</a> from the original on May 20, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2018</span>. <q>Public television is a major participant in the great tradition of a free and independent American press. To protect public television's journalistic integrity, PBS's funding standards are premised on core principles that ensure the complete editorial independence of producers from influence by underwriters. While funding and fundraising are necessary to support the development and production of content, producers must be free from the influence of funders. This firewall is essential to maintaining the public's trust.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=PBS+Funding+Standards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fabout%2Fproducing-pbs%2Ffunding%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-AED-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AED_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AED_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFCara_O'Donnell2019" class="citation web cs1">Cara O'Donnell, ed. (January 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arlingtoneconomicdevelopment.com/resources/blog/pbs-moves-to-new-crystal-city-hq/">"PBS Moves to New Crystal City HQ"</a>. Arlington Economic Development. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228044036/https://www.arlingtoneconomicdevelopment.com/resources/blog/pbs-moves-to-new-crystal-city-hq/">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PBS+Moves+to+New+Crystal+City+HQ&rft.pub=Arlington+Economic+Development&rft.date=2019-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arlingtoneconomicdevelopment.com%2Fresources%2Fblog%2Fpbs-moves-to-new-crystal-city-hq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010406090018/http://www.current.org/pbpb/documents/PBSarticles69.html">"Articles of Incorporation of Public Broadcasting Service"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Current_(newspaper)" title="Current (newspaper)">Current</a></i>. January 14, 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.current.org/pbpb/documents/PBSarticles69.html">the original</a> on April 6, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current&rft.atitle=Articles+of+Incorporation+of+Public+Broadcasting+Service&rft.date=2000-01-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.current.org%2Fpbpb%2Fdocuments%2FPBSarticles69.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-JARVIK-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JARVIK_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFLaurence_Ariel_Jarvik1997" class="citation book cs1">Laurence Ariel Jarvik (1997). <i>PBS, behind the screen</i>. <a href="/wiki/Rocklin,_California" title="Rocklin, California">Rocklin, California</a>: Forum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7615-0668-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7615-0668-3"><bdi>0-7615-0668-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=PBS%2C+behind+the+screen&rft.place=Rocklin%2C+California&rft.pub=Forum&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7615-0668-3&rft.au=Laurence+Ariel+Jarvik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SelHAAAAIBAJ&pg=805,469633&dq=hartford+public+broadcasting+television+gunn&hl=en">"Public TV Faces Fund Struggles"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Record-Journal" title="Record-Journal">The Morning Record</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906010404/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SelHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=n_8MAAAAIBAJ&pg=805,469633&dq=hartford+public+broadcasting+television+gunn&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2013</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_News" title="Google News">Google News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Morning+Record&rft.atitle=Public+TV+Faces+Fund+Struggles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DSelHAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D805%2C469633%26dq%3Dhartford%2Bpublic%2Bbroadcasting%2Btelevision%2Bgunn%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Day1969" class="citation book cs1">James Day (September 16, 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dKYZynRiU6YC&q=hartford+n+gunn+jr&pg=PA137"><i>The Vanishing Vision: The Inside Story of Public Television</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08659-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08659-3"><bdi>978-0-520-08659-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210628045327/https://books.google.com/books?id=dKYZynRiU6YC&q=hartford+n+gunn+jr&pg=PA137">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2013</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vanishing+Vision%3A+The+Inside+Story+of+Public+Television&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1969-09-16&rft.isbn=978-0-520-08659-3&rft.au=James+Day&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdKYZynRiU6YC%26q%3Dhartford%2Bn%2Bgunn%2Bjr%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/71-OCR/1971-08-30-BC-OCR-Page-0046.pdf">"Public broadcasting gets it together"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_%26_Cable" title="Broadcasting & Cable">Broadcasting Magazine</a></i>. August 30, 1971. p. 46<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting+Magazine&rft.atitle=Public+broadcasting+gets+it+together&rft.pages=46&rft.date=1971-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2Fhd2%2FIDX-Business%2FMagazines%2FArchive-BC-IDX%2F71-OCR%2F1971-08-30-BC-OCR-Page-0046.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/71-OCR/1971-09-27-BC-OCR-Page-0038.pdf">"NPACT hires former NBC newsman"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_%26_Cable" title="Broadcasting & Cable">Broadcasting Magazine</a></i>. September 27, 1971. p. 38<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Broadcasting+Magazine&rft.atitle=NPACT+hires+former+NBC+newsman&rft.pages=38&rft.date=1971-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2Fhd2%2FIDX-Business%2FMagazines%2FArchive-BC-IDX%2F71-OCR%2F1971-09-27-BC-OCR-Page-0038.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/04/05/archives/public-affairs-center-and-capitals-weta-to-join.html">"Public Affairs Center and Capital's WETA to Join (Published 1972)"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. April 5, 1972. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Public+Affairs+Center+and+Capital%27s+WETA+to+Join+%28Published+1972%29&rft.date=1972-04-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F04%2F05%2Farchives%2Fpublic-affairs-center-and-capitals-weta-to-join.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graff, Garrett M. (2022). <i>Watergate: A New History</i> (1 ed.). New York: Avid Reader Press. pp. 443-444. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-3916-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-3916-2">978-1-9821-3916-2</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1260107112">1260107112</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/aboutpbs/news/20090213_pbsropersurvey.html">"PBS #1 in public trust for the sixth consecutive year, according to a national Roper survey"</a>. <i>PBS</i> (Press release). February 13, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090705213550/http://www.pbs.org/aboutpbs/news/20090213_pbsropersurvey.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PBS+%231+in+public+trust+for+the+sixth+consecutive+year%2C+according+to+a+national+Roper+survey&rft.date=2009-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Faboutpbs%2Fnews%2F20090213_pbsropersurvey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Getler2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Getler" title="Michael Getler">Michael Getler</a> (May 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/ombudsman/2008/05/caution_that_program_may_not_be_from_pbs.html">"Caution: That Program May Not Be From PBS"</a>. <i>PBS</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120304103738/http://www.pbs.org/ombudsman/2008/05/caution_that_program_may_not_be_from_pbs.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=Caution%3A+That+Program+May+Not+Be+From+PBS&rft.date=2008-05-15&rft.au=Michael+Getler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fombudsman%2F2008%2F05%2Fcaution_that_program_may_not_be_from_pbs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFBill_Gorman2009" class="citation web cs1">Bill Gorman (December 20, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091222215318/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2009/12/20/pbs-signs-up-for-nielsen-ratings/36822">"PBS Signs Up For Nielsen Ratings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TV_by_the_Numbers" title="TV by the Numbers">TV by the Numbers</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvbythenumbers.com/2009/12/20/pbs-signs-up-for-nielsen-ratings/36822">the original</a> on December 22, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+by+the+Numbers&rft.atitle=PBS+Signs+Up+For+Nielsen+Ratings&rft.date=2009-12-20&rft.au=Bill+Gorman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvbythenumbers.com%2F2009%2F12%2F20%2Fpbs-signs-up-for-nielsen-ratings%2F36822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_Jensen2011" class="citation news cs1">Elizabeth Jensen (May 30, 2011). <span class="cs1-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/31/business/media/31adco.html">"PBS Plans Promotional Breaks Within Programs"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402233604/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/31/business/media/31adco.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=PBS+Plans+Promotional+Breaks+Within+Programs&rft.date=2011-05-30&rft.au=Elizabeth+Jensen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F05%2F31%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2F31adco.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/about/blogs/news/pbs-launches-free-full-length-video-app-for-iphone-and-ipod-touch-and-antiques-roadshow-game-app/">"PBS Launches Free Full-Length Video App for iPhone and iPod touch and Antiques Roadshow Game App"</a>. <i>PBS</i>. January 7, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819141455/http://www.pbs.org/about/blogs/news/pbs-launches-free-full-length-video-app-for-iphone-and-ipod-touch-and-antiques-roadshow-game-app/">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=PBS+Launches+Free+Full-Length+Video+App+for+iPhone+and+iPod+touch+and+Antiques+Roadshow+Game+App&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fabout%2Fblogs%2Fnews%2Fpbs-launches-free-full-length-video-app-for-iphone-and-ipod-touch-and-antiques-roadshow-game-app%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pbsdistribution.org/services/svod-channels/">"SVOD Channels"</a>. <i>PBS Distribution</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220910003815/https://pbsdistribution.org/services/svod-channels/">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS+Distribution&rft.atitle=SVOD+Channels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpbsdistribution.org%2Fservices%2Fsvod-channels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFGurwin2020" class="citation web cs1">Gurwin, Jason (September 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thestreamable.com/news/pbs-launches-live-local-streaming-of-pbs-stations">"PBS Launches Free Live Local Streaming of PBS Stations"</a>. The Streamable. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022153209/https://thestreamable.com/news/pbs-launches-live-local-streaming-of-pbs-stations">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PBS+Launches+Free+Live+Local+Streaming+of+PBS+Stations&rft.pub=The+Streamable&rft.date=2020-09-03&rft.aulast=Gurwin&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthestreamable.com%2Fnews%2Fpbs-launches-live-local-streaming-of-pbs-stations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2020" class="citation web cs1">Graham, Jefferson (January 15, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2020/01/15/pbs-now-youtube-tv-but-not-sling-and-hulu-live-tv/4454284002/">"Sure, PBS is now on YouTubeTV, but free streaming app a better deal"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230106005019/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2020/01/15/pbs-now-youtube-tv-but-not-sling-and-hulu-live-tv/4454284002/">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Sure%2C+PBS+is+now+on+YouTubeTV%2C+but+free+streaming+app+a+better+deal&rft.date=2020-01-15&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Jefferson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Ftech%2F2020%2F01%2F15%2Fpbs-now-youtube-tv-but-not-sling-and-hulu-live-tv%2F4454284002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/PBSDistribution.org/posts/940198203213362">"PBS Distribution"</a>. <i>Facebook</i>. July 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facebook&rft.atitle=PBS+Distribution&rft.date=2021-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FPBSDistribution.org%2Fposts%2F940198203213362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adweek.com/lostremote/pbs-distribution-and-wnet-group-launch-fast-channels-on-plex/70799/">"PBS and WNET Group Launch FAST Channels on Plex"</a>. <i>www.adweek.com</i>. January 19, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.adweek.com&rft.atitle=PBS+and+WNET+Group+Launch+FAST+Channels+on+Plex&rft.date=2023-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adweek.com%2Flostremote%2Fpbs-distribution-and-wnet-group-launch-fast-channels-on-plex%2F70799%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFBouma2023" class="citation web cs1">Bouma, Luke (November 20, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cordcuttersnews.com/pbs-is-launching-a-new-free-channel-called-pbs-food-on-amazons-freevee-plex-the-roku-channel/">"PBS is Launching a New Free Channel Called PBS Food On Amazon's Freevee, Plex, & The Roku Channel"</a>. <i>Cord Cutters News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cord+Cutters+News&rft.atitle=PBS+is+Launching+a+New+Free+Channel+Called+PBS+Food+On+Amazon%27s+Freevee%2C+Plex%2C+%26+The+Roku+Channel&rft.date=2023-11-20&rft.aulast=Bouma&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcordcuttersnews.com%2Fpbs-is-launching-a-new-free-channel-called-pbs-food-on-amazons-freevee-plex-the-roku-channel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFBouma2023" class="citation web cs1">Bouma, Luke (December 15, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cordcuttersnews.com/plex-adds-over-20-new-free-channels-this-week/">"Plex Adds Over 20 New Free Channels This Week"</a>. <i>Cord Cutters News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cord+Cutters+News&rft.atitle=Plex+Adds+Over+20+New+Free+Channels+This+Week&rft.date=2023-12-15&rft.aulast=Bouma&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcordcuttersnews.com%2Fplex-adds-over-20-new-free-channels-this-week%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFScott_Collins2010" class="citation news cs1">Scott Collins (October 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2010/10/sorry-charlie-rose-los-angeles-pbs-affiliate-kcet-exits-network-fold-to-go-independent-.html">"Los Angeles PBS affiliate KCET exits network fold to go independent"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150415153244/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2010/10/sorry-charlie-rose-los-angeles-pbs-affiliate-kcet-exits-network-fold-to-go-independent-.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Los+Angeles+PBS+affiliate+KCET+exits+network+fold+to+go+independent&rft.date=2010-10-08&rft.au=Scott+Collins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatimesblogs.latimes.com%2Fshowtracker%2F2010%2F10%2Fsorry-charlie-rose-los-angeles-pbs-affiliate-kcet-exits-network-fold-to-go-independent-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-to-broadcast-three-peanuts-specials-this-holiday-season/">"PBS to Broadcast Three Peanuts Specials This Holiday Season"</a>. <i>PBS</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018234238/https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-to-broadcast-three-peanuts-specials-this-holiday-season/">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=PBS+to+Broadcast+Three+Peanuts+Specials+This+Holiday+Season&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fabout%2Fabout-pbs%2Fblogs%2Fnews%2Fpbs-to-broadcast-three-peanuts-specials-this-holiday-season%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-cbs-pbsnopeanuts-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cbs-pbsnopeanuts_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFO'Kane2022" class="citation news cs1">O'Kane, Caitlin (November 17, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-to-stream-charlie-brown-thanksgiving-holiday-specials-apple-tv-plus/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving" and the series' other holiday specials will not air on TV this year. Here's how to watch them for free"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=%22A+Charlie+Brown+Thanksgiving%22+and+the+series%27+other+holiday+specials+will+not+air+on+TV+this+year.+Here%27s+how+to+watch+them+for+free&rft.date=2022-11-17&rft.aulast=O%27Kane&rft.aufirst=Caitlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fhow-to-stream-charlie-brown-thanksgiving-holiday-specials-apple-tv-plus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFMark" class="citation web cs1">Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021004075329/http://www.letsgoquakers.com/football1980s.htm">"Penn Football Tapes 1980–1989"</a>. Penn Quaker Basketball & Football Tapes. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.letsgoquakers.com/football1980s.htm">the original</a> on October 4, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Penn+Football+Tapes+1980%E2%80%931989&rft.pub=Penn+Quaker+Basketball+%26+Football+Tapes&rft.au=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.letsgoquakers.com%2Ffootball1980s.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFHodges1985" class="citation web cs1">Hodges, Ann (April 17, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133716/http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl/1985_251842/jim-palmer-jockeys-from-underwear-to-pbs.html">"Jim Palmer jockeys from underwear to PBS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Chronicle" title="Houston Chronicle">Houston Chronicle</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl/1985_251842/jim-palmer-jockeys-from-underwear-to-pbs.html">the original</a> on November 19, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Jim+Palmer+jockeys+from+underwear+to+PBS&rft.date=1985-04-17&rft.aulast=Hodges&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2FCDA%2Farchives%2Farchive.mpl%2F1985_251842%2Fjim-palmer-jockeys-from-underwear-to-pbs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-about-board-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-about-board_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-about-board_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/board-directors/">"Board of Directors"</a>. <i>PBS</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151024092447/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/board-directors/">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=Board+of+Directors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fabout%2Fabout-pbs%2Fboard-directors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Larsen2010" class="citation news cs1">Peter Larsen (October 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101010023551/http://pedrowatcher.ocregister.com/2010/10/08/koce-takes-over-as-top-pbs-station-after-kcet-cuts-ties-with-network/28174/">"KOCE takes over as top PBS station after KCET cuts ties with network"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Orange_County_Register" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange County Register">Orange County Register</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Communications" title="Freedom Communications">Freedom Communications</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pedrowatcher.ocregister.com/2010/10/08/koce-takes-over-as-top-pbs-station-after-kcet-cuts-ties-with-network/28174/">the original</a> on October 10, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Orange+County+Register&rft.atitle=KOCE+takes+over+as+top+PBS+station+after+KCET+cuts+ties+with+network&rft.date=2010-10-08&rft.au=Peter+Larsen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpedrowatcher.ocregister.com%2F2010%2F10%2F08%2Fkoce-takes-over-as-top-pbs-station-after-kcet-cuts-ties-with-network%2F28174%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFDunning2004" class="citation news cs1">Dunning, Jennifer (April 4, 2004). <span class="cs1-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/14/arts/ernie-smith-79-jazz-and-dance-authority.html">"Ernie Smith, 79, Jazz and Dance Authority"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191202230546/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/14/arts/ernie-smith-79-jazz-and-dance-authority.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2019</span>. <q>He worked at several advertising agencies in New York. Among them were Sudler & Hennessy and Lubalin, Smith & Carnase, where he developed a logo for PBS.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ernie+Smith%2C+79%2C+Jazz+and+Dance+Authority&rft.date=2004-04-04&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F04%2F14%2Farts%2Fernie-smith-79-jazz-and-dance-authority.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFSandomir2018" class="citation news cs1">Sandomir, Richard (March 23, 2018). <span class="cs1-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/23/obituaries/lawrence-k-grossman-head-of-pbs-and-then-nbc-news-dies-at-86.html">"Lawrence K. Grossman, Head of PBS and Then NBC News, Dies at 86"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191202230543/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/23/obituaries/lawrence-k-grossman-head-of-pbs-and-then-nbc-news-dies-at-86.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lawrence+K.+Grossman%2C+Head+of+PBS+and+Then+NBC+News%2C+Dies+at+86&rft.date=2018-03-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Sandomir&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F03%2F23%2Fobituaries%2Flawrence-k-grossman-head-of-pbs-and-then-nbc-news-dies-at-86.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Identify-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Identify_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Identify_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Identify_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFChermayeffGeismarHaviv2011" class="citation book cs1">Chermayeff, Ivan; Geismar, Tom; Haviv, Sagi (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zlfQMDP8LpoC&pg=PA68"><i>Identify: Basic Principles of Identity Design in the Iconic Trademarks of Chermayeff & Geismar</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/F%2BW" title="F+W">F+W</a>. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-440-31032-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-440-31032-4"><bdi>978-1-440-31032-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Identify%3A+Basic+Principles+of+Identity+Design+in+the+Iconic+Trademarks+of+Chermayeff+%26+Geismar&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=F%2BW&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-440-31032-4&rft.aulast=Chermayeff&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft.au=Geismar%2C+Tom&rft.au=Haviv%2C+Sagi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzlfQMDP8LpoC%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFHeller2003" class="citation news cs1">Heller, Steven (December 14, 2003). <span class="cs1-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/14/books/art-a-laboratory-for-sign-language.html">"ART; A Laboratory for Sign Language"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191202230544/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/14/books/art-a-laboratory-for-sign-language.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=ART%3B+A+Laboratory+for+Sign+Language&rft.date=2003-12-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F12%2F14%2Fbooks%2Fart-a-laboratory-for-sign-language.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFGernsheimer2008" class="citation book cs1">Gernsheimer, Jack (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E9w61v7UyR4C&pg=PA125"><i>Designing Logos: The Process of Creating Symbols that Endure</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Skyhorse_Publishing" title="Skyhorse Publishing">Allworth Press</a>. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-581-15649-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-581-15649-2"><bdi>978-1-581-15649-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designing+Logos%3A+The+Process+of+Creating+Symbols+that+Endure&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Allworth+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-581-15649-2&rft.aulast=Gernsheimer&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE9w61v7UyR4C%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Smith, Lilly (November 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90425497/pbs-unveils-a-new-brand-for-a-new-media-landscape">"PBS's new brand is anything but radical—and that's the whole point"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fast_Company" title="Fast Company">Fast Company</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191213085631/https://www.fastcompany.com/90425497/pbs-unveils-a-new-brand-for-a-new-media-landscape">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fast+Company&rft.atitle=PBS%27s+new+brand+is+anything+but+radical%E2%80%94and+that%27s+the+whole+point&rft.date=2019-11-04&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Lilly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%2F90425497%2Fpbs-unveils-a-new-brand-for-a-new-media-landscape&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Goldsmith-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goldsmith_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goldsmith_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFGoldsmith2019" class="citation news cs1">Goldsmith, Jill (November 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://current.org/2019/11/pbs-begins-rollout-of-electric-blue-brand-refresh/">"PBS begins rollout of electric-blue brand refresh"</a>. <i>Current</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191112173243/https://current.org/2019/11/pbs-begins-rollout-of-electric-blue-brand-refresh/">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current&rft.atitle=PBS+begins+rollout+of+electric-blue+brand+refresh&rft.date=2019-11-04&rft.aulast=Goldsmith&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcurrent.org%2F2019%2F11%2Fpbs-begins-rollout-of-electric-blue-brand-refresh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFFaw2019" class="citation news cs1">Faw, Larissa (November 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/342923/pbs-overhauls-logo-for-2020.html">"PBS Overhauls Logo For 2020"</a>. Mediapost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191106230117/https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/342923/pbs-overhauls-logo-for-2020.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PBS+Overhauls+Logo+For+2020&rft.date=2019-11-05&rft.aulast=Faw&rft.aufirst=Larissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediapost.com%2Fpublications%2Farticle%2F342923%2Fpbs-overhauls-logo-for-2020.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Framke-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Framke_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Framke_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFFramke2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Framke, Caroline (August 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2018/tv/columns/pbs-tca-2018-ann-curry-finding-your-roots-1202892459/">"PBS: An Appreciation for the Vegetables of TV (Column)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216165939/https://variety.com/2018/tv/columns/pbs-tca-2018-ann-curry-finding-your-roots-1202892459/">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=PBS%3A+An+Appreciation+for+the+Vegetables+of+TV+%28Column%29&rft.date=2018-08-01&rft.aulast=Framke&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2018%2Ftv%2Fcolumns%2Fpbs-tca-2018-ann-curry-finding-your-roots-1202892459%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Goodman-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goodman_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goodman_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFGoodman2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Goodman, Tim (July 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/bastard-machine/tim-goodmans-tca-journal-no-915615">"Tim Goodman's TCA Journal No. 3: A Love Letter to PBS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216163252/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/bastard-machine/tim-goodmans-tca-journal-no-915615">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Tim+Goodman%27s+TCA+Journal+No.+3%3A+A+Love+Letter+to+PBS&rft.date=2016-07-29&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fbastard-machine%2Ftim-goodmans-tca-journal-no-915615&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFGoodman2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Goodman, Tim (July 22, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/bastard-machine/pbs-downton-abbey-sherlock-emmys-352843">"TCA 2012: It's PBS' Time to Shine (Analysis)"</a>. <i>The Hollywood Reporter</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216163911/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/bastard-machine/pbs-downton-abbey-sherlock-emmys-352843">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=TCA+2012%3A+It%27s+PBS%27+Time+to+Shine+%28Analysis%29&rft.date=2012-07-22&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fbastard-machine%2Fpbs-downton-abbey-sherlock-emmys-352843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFStevenonymous2013" class="citation web cs1">Stevenonymous (August 23, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/dstein/10-reasons-why-90s-kids-should-still-love-pbs-e37w">"10 Reasons Why '90s Kids Should Still Love PBS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216163809/https://www.buzzfeed.com/dstein/10-reasons-why-90s-kids-should-still-love-pbs-e37w">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed&rft.atitle=10+Reasons+Why+%2790s+Kids+Should+Still+Love+PBS&rft.date=2013-08-23&rft.au=Stevenonymous&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeed.com%2Fdstein%2F10-reasons-why-90s-kids-should-still-love-pbs-e37w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFZurawik2014" class="citation news cs1">Zurawik, David (October 28, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/columnists/zurawik/bal-frontline-chilling-revealing-look-isis-pbs-20141028-story.html">"Frontline offers harrowing, revealing look into ISIS tonight"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Sun" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore Sun">Baltimore Sun</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191208002326/https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/columnists/zurawik/bal-frontline-chilling-revealing-look-isis-pbs-20141028-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Frontline+offers+harrowing%2C+revealing+look+into+ISIS+tonight&rft.date=2014-10-28&rft.aulast=Zurawik&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2Fzurawik%2Fbal-frontline-chilling-revealing-look-isis-pbs-20141028-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFFarhi2005" class="citation news cs1">Farhi, Paul (July 1, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2005/07/01/cpb-liberal-bias-study-flawed-critics-say/f961983c-20fb-41c1-91d1-13866cc20b85/">"CPB Liberal Bias Study Flawed, Critics Say"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210109104756/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2005/07/01/cpb-liberal-bias-study-flawed-critics-say/f961983c-20fb-41c1-91d1-13866cc20b85/">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=CPB+Liberal+Bias+Study+Flawed%2C+Critics+Say&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Farhi&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flifestyle%2F2005%2F07%2F01%2Fcpb-liberal-bias-study-flawed-critics-say%2Ff961983c-20fb-41c1-91d1-13866cc20b85%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Behrens-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Behrens_110-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Behrens_110-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Behrens_110-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFBehrens1999" class="citation news cs1">Behrens, Steve (February 8, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818000313/http://current.org/files/archive-site/pbs/pbs902v.html">"Nesmith wins $47 million in video suit against PBS"</a>. <i>Current</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://current.org/files/archive-site/pbs/pbs902v.html">the original</a> on August 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current&rft.atitle=Nesmith+wins+%2447+million+in+video+suit+against+PBS&rft.date=1999-02-08&rft.aulast=Behrens&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcurrent.org%2Ffiles%2Farchive-site%2Fpbs%2Fpbs902v.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFMifflin1999" class="citation news cs1">Mifflin, Lawrie (February 3, 1999). <span class="cs1-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/03/business/jury-rules-that-pbs-must-pay-video-distributor-47-million.html">"Jury Rules That PBS Must Pay Video Distributor $47 Million"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160630171648/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/03/business/jury-rules-that-pbs-must-pay-video-distributor-47-million.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jury+Rules+That+PBS+Must+Pay+Video+Distributor+%2447+Million&rft.date=1999-02-03&rft.aulast=Mifflin&rft.aufirst=Lawrie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F02%2F03%2Fbusiness%2Fjury-rules-that-pbs-must-pay-video-distributor-47-million.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/271357.stm">"Hey, hey, it's a Monkee victory"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160409001839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/271357.stm">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Hey%2C+hey%2C+it%27s+a+Monkee+victory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F271357.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-WARN/PBS-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WARN/PBS_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WARN/PBS_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/about/warn/">"WARN"</a>. PBS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015031734/http://www.pbs.org/about/warn/">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WARN&rft.pub=PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fabout%2Fwarn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFPachelbel1932" class="citation book cs1">Pachelbel, Johann (1932). <i>UPI Television Network logo</i>. Art Scott.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UPI+Television+Network+logo&rft.pub=Art+Scott&rft.date=1932&rft.aulast=Pachelbel&rft.aufirst=Johann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFBullert1997" class="citation book cs1">Bullert, B.J. (1997). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/publictelevision00bull"><i>Public Television: Politics and the Battle over Documentary Film</i></a></span>. Rutgers University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-813-52470-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-813-52470-2"><bdi>978-0-813-52470-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Television%3A+Politics+and+the+Battle+over+Documentary+Film&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-813-52470-2&rft.aulast=Bullert&rft.aufirst=B.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpublictelevision00bull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFDornfeld1998" class="citation book cs1">Dornfeld, Barry (1998). <i>Producing Public Television, Producing Public Culture</i>. Princeton University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Producing+Public+Television%2C+Producing+Public+Culture&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Dornfeld&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFEngelman1996" class="citation book cs1">Engelman, Ralph (1996). <i>Public Radio and Television in America: A Political History</i>. Sage Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Radio+and+Television+in+America%3A+A+Political+History&rft.pub=Sage+Publications&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Engelman&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFLedbetter1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Ledbetter" title="James Ledbetter">Ledbetter, James</a> (1998). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/madepossiblebyde00ledb"><i>Made Possible by: The Death of Public Broadcasting in the United States</i></a></span>. Verso. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-859-84029-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-859-84029-0"><bdi>978-1-859-84029-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Made+Possible+by%3A+The+Death+of+Public+Broadcasting+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-859-84029-0&rft.aulast=Ledbetter&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmadepossiblebyde00ledb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APBS" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215616#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/producers/redbook/index.html">PBS "Red Book"</a> (presentation guidelines for PBS programming)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://current.org/"><i>Current</i></a>, the newspaper about public TV and radio in the United States</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170104174846/http://designinghealthycommunities.org/">Designing Healthy Communities by PBS</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/about/producing-pbs/editorial-standards.pdf">PBS Editorial Standards and Practices</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Educational_Broadcasters" title="National Association of Educational Broadcasters"><span style="color:white;">National Association of Educational Broadcasters</span></a> (1925–1981)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television"><span style="color:white;">National Educational Television</span></a> (1952–1970)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Television" title="American Public Television"><span style="color:white;">American Public Television</span></a> (1961–)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Educational_Television_Stations" title="Educational Television Stations"><span style="color:white;">Educational Television Stations</span></a> (1963–1973)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Act_of_1967" title="Public Broadcasting Act of 1967"><span style="color:white;">Public Broadcasting Act of 1967</span></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting"><span style="color:white;">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</span></a> (1967–)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Public_Television_Stations" title="America's Public Television Stations"><span style="color:white;">America's Public Television Stations</span></a> (1979–)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Independent_Lens" title="Independent Lens">Independent Lens</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Independent_Lens_films" title="List of Independent Lens films">episodes</a>) (since August 9, 1999)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/PBS_Short_Film_Festival" title="PBS Short Film Festival">PBS Short Film Festival</a></i> (since 2012)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/POV_(TV_series)" title="POV (TV series)">POV</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_POV_(TV_series)_episodes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of POV (TV series) episodes">episodes</a>) (since July 5, 1988)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Drama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Masterpiece_(TV_series)" title="Masterpiece (TV series)">Masterpiece</a></i> (since January 10, 1971)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Music and fine arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Masters" title="American Masters">American Masters</a></i> (since June 22, 1986)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Art:21" title="Art:21">Art:21</a></i> (since 2001)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits" title="Austin City Limits">Austin City Limits</a></i> (since January 3, 1976)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_Underground" title="Bluegrass Underground">Bluegrass Underground</a></i> (since 2011)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Craft_in_America" title="Craft in America">Craft in America</a></i> (since 2007)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Great_Performances" title="Great Performances">Great Performances</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Great_Performances_episodes" title="List of Great Performances episodes">episodes</a>) (since November 4, 1972)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Next_at_the_Kennedy_Center" title="Next at the Kennedy Center">Next at the Kennedy Center</a></i> (since 2023)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Experience" title="American Experience">American Experience</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Experience_episodes" title="List of American Experience episodes">episodes</a>) (since October 4, 1988)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiques_Roadshow_(American_TV_program)" title="Antiques Roadshow (American TV program)">Antiques Roadshow</a></i> (since January 9, 1997)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Finding_Your_Roots" title="Finding Your Roots">Finding Your Roots</a></i> (since March 25, 2012)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Dead" title="Secrets of the Dead">Secrets of the Dead</a></i> (since May 15, 2000)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">News and public affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amanpour_%26_Company" title="Amanpour & Company">Amanpour & Company</a></i> (since September 10, 2018)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_News_America" title="BBC World News America">BBC World News America</a></i> (since June 3, 2019 from <a href="/wiki/American_Public_Television" title="American Public Television">American Public Television</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Firing_Line_(TV_program)" title="Firing Line (TV program)">Firing Line</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Firing_Line_episodes" title="List of Firing Line episodes">episodes</a>) (April 4, 1966 – December 26, 1999; since June 22, 2018)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Frontline_(American_TV_program)" title="Frontline (American TV program)">Frontline</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Frontline_(American_TV_program)_episodes" title="List of Frontline (American TV program) episodes">episodes</a>) (since January 17, 1983)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS NewsHour</a></i> (since October 20, 1975)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/To_the_Contrary" title="To the Contrary">To the Contrary</a></i> (since April 3, 1992)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Week" title="Washington Week">Washington Week</a></i> (since February 23, 1967)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samantha_Brown" title="Samantha Brown">Samantha Brown</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns" title="Ken Burns">Ken Burns</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ric_Burns" title="Ric Burns">Ric Burns</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gerson" title="Michael Gerson">Michael Gerson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Holmes" title="Amy Holmes">Amy Holmes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Moyers" title="Bill Moyers">Bill Moyers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Sreenivasan" title="Hari Sreenivasan">Hari Sreenivasan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Woodruff" title="Judy Woodruff">Judy Woodruff</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">How-to and special interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/MotorWeek" title="MotorWeek">MotorWeek</a></i> (since October 15, 1981)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/This_Old_House" title="This Old House">This Old House</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_This_Old_House_episodes" title="List of This Old House episodes">episodes</a>) (since January 1, 1979)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Science and nature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(TV_program)" title="Nature (TV program)">Nature</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Nature_episodes" title="List of Nature episodes">episodes</a>) (since October 10, 1982)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_program)" title="Nova (American TV program)">Nova</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Nova_episodes" title="List of Nova episodes">episodes</a>) (since March 3, 1974)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PBS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">PBS Kids</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PBS_YOU" title="PBS YOU">PBS YOU</a><sup>1</sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Digital_Studios" title="PBS Digital Studios">PBS Digital Studios</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Create_(TV_network)" title="Create (TV network)">Create</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/World_Channel" title="World Channel">World</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PBS_America" title="PBS America">PBS America</a> (UK)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Major stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Dallas
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/KERA-TV" title="KERA-TV">KERA-TV</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Houston
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/KUHT" title="KUHT">KUHT</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Los Angeles
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/KLCS" title="KLCS">KLCS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KOCE-TV" title="KOCE-TV">KOCE-TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KCET" title="KCET">KCET</a></li></ul></li>
<li>San Francisco/Watsonville/San Jose
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/KQED_(TV)" title="KQED (TV)">KQED</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KQED_(TV)" title="KQED (TV)">KQET</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KQEH" title="KQEH">KQEH</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Boston
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/WGBH-TV" title="WGBH-TV">WGBH-TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WGBX-TV" title="WGBX-TV">WGBX-TV</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Chicago
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/WTTW" title="WTTW">WTTW</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Miami–Ft. Lauderdale–West Palm Beach
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/WPBT" title="WPBT">WPBT</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WXEL-TV" title="WXEL-TV">WXEL-TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WLRN-TV" title="WLRN-TV">WLRN-TV</a></li></ul></li>
<li>New York
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">WNET</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WLIW_(TV)" title="WLIW (TV)">WLIW</a></li></ul></li>
<li>New Jersey
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/NJ_PBS" title="NJ PBS">NJ PBS</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Philadelphia–Wilmington–Lehigh Valley
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/WHYY-TV" title="WHYY-TV">WHYY-TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WLVT-TV" title="WLVT-TV">WLVT-TV</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Tampa–St. Petersburg
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/WEDU" title="WEDU">WEDU</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WEDQ" title="WEDQ">WEDQ</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Washington, D.C.
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/WETA-TV" title="WETA-TV">WETA-TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WHUT-TV" title="WHUT-TV">WHUT-TV</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Pittsburgh
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/WQED_(TV)" title="WQED (TV)">WQED</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Maryland
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Public_Television" title="Maryland Public Television">MPT</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Ballroom_Challenge" title="America's Ballroom Challenge">America's Ballroom Challenge</a></i> (February 1, 2006 – May 8, 2015)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Baking_with_Julia" title="Baking with Julia">Baking with Julia</a></i> (1996 – 1998)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_OS" title="BBC OS">BBC OS</a></i> (January 1, 2020 – March 30, 2023)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Bill_Moyers_Journal" title="Bill Moyers Journal">Bill Moyers Journal</a></i> (1972 – 2010)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Chef%27s_Life" title="A Chef's Life">A Chef's Life</a></i> (September 7, 2013 – October 22, 2018)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rose_(talk_show)" title="Charlie Rose (talk show)">Charlie Rose</a></i> (September 30, 1991 – November 17, 2017)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Click_and_Clack%27s_As_the_Wrench_Turns" title="Click and Clack's As the Wrench Turns">Click and Clack's As the Wrench Turns</a></i> (July 9 – August 13, 2008)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_French_Chef" title="The French Chef">The French Chef</a></i> (February 11, 1963 – January 14, 1973)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/History_Detectives" title="History Detectives">History Detectives</a></i> (July 14, 2003 – July 22, 2014)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Hometime_(American_TV_program)" title="Hometime (American TV program)">Hometime</a></i> (November 1, 1986 – January 30, 2016)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_from_the_Metropolitan_Opera" title="Live from the Metropolitan Opera">Live from the Metropolitan Opera</a></i> (1977 – 2003; replaced with <i><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_Live_in_HD" title="Metropolitan Opera Live in HD">Great Performances at the Met</a></i> in 2007)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystery!" title="Mystery!">Mystery!</a></i> (February 5, 1980 – 2006; absorbed into <i><a href="/wiki/Masterpiece_(TV_series)" title="Masterpiece (TV series)">Masterpiece</a></i>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Need_to_Know_(TV_program)" title="Need to Know (TV program)">Need to Know</a></i> (May 7, 2010 – June 28, 2013)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Nightly_Business_Report" title="Nightly Business Report">Nightly Business Report</a></i> (January 22, 1979 – December 27, 2019)<sup>2</sup></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_ScienceNow" title="Nova ScienceNow">Nova ScienceNow</a></i> (January 25, 2005 – November 14, 2012)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Now_on_PBS" title="Now on PBS">Now on PBS</a></i> (January 18, 2002 – April 30, 2010)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Religion_%26_Ethics_Newsweekly" title="Religion & Ethics Newsweekly">Religion & Ethics Newsweekly</a></i> (October 3, 1997 – February 24, 2017)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Tavis_Smiley_(TV_series)" title="Tavis Smiley (TV series)">Tavis Smiley</a></i> (January 2004 – December 13, 2017)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Victory_Garden_(TV_program)" title="The Victory Garden (TV program)">The Victory Garden</a></i> (April 16, 1975 – 2015)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Week" title="Wall Street Week">Wall Street Week</a></i> (November 20, 1970 – June 24, 2005; moved to <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Television" title="Bloomberg Television">Bloomberg Television</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/We%27ll_Meet_Again_with_Ann_Curry" title="We'll Meet Again with Ann Curry">We'll Meet Again with Ann Curry</a></i> (January 23, 2018 – January 8, 2019)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Woodwright%27s_Shop" title="The Woodwright's Shop">The Woodwright's Shop</a></i> (1979 – 2017)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Distribution" title="PBS Distribution">PBS Distribution</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Satellite_Service" title="PBS Satellite Service">PBS Satellite Service</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:PBS_original_programming" title="Category:PBS original programming">PBS original programming</a></li>
<li>Members (<a href="/wiki/Category:PBS_member_networks" title="Category:PBS member networks">networks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PBS_member_stations" title="List of PBS member stations">stations</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_PBS" title="List of programs broadcast by PBS">List of programs broadcast by PBS</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#2638C4; color:#FFFFFF;"><div>
<ul><li><sup>1</sup>Defunct network</li>
<li><sup>2</sup>Distributed by <a href="/wiki/American_Public_Television" title="American Public Television"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">American Public Television</span></a> (APT).</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lyndon_B._Johnson" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Template:Lyndon B. Johnson"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Template talk:Lyndon B. Johnson"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lyndon B. Johnson"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lyndon_B._Johnson" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">36th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1963–1969)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">37th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1961–1963)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">U.S. Senator from Texas</a> (1949–1961)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Texas" title="List of United States representatives from Texas">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 10th congressional district">TX–10</a> (1937–1949)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_presidency" title="Timeline of the Lyndon B. Johnson presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson">1963 inauguration</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Let_Us_Continue" title="Let Us Continue">Let Us Continue</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Second inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson">1965 inauguration</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Preservation_of_the_White_House" title="Committee for the Preservation of the White House">White House preservation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1966_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1966 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address, 1966</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1968_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1968 State of the Union Address">1968</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson#Administration_and_Cabinet" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Cabinet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson">Judicial appointments</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Lyndon B. Johnson Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court nomination">Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court nomination</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Lyndon B. Johnson judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_desk" title="Johnson desk">Johnson desk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidential transition of Richard Nixon">Nixon transition</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Lyndon_Baines_Johnson/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Lyndon Baines Johnson/Executive orders">Executive Orders</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Lyndon_Baines_Johnson/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Lyndon Baines Johnson/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meritorious_Service_Medal_(United_States)" title="Meritorious Service Medal (United States)">Meritorious Service Medal</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Lyndon B. Johnson administration">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson Doctrine</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1965%E2%80%9366)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–66)">Dominican Republic occupation</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War#Lyndon_B._Johnson's_escalation,_1963–69" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Resolution" title="Gulf of Tonkin Resolution">Gulf of Tonkin Resolution</a></li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/Credibility_gap" title="Credibility gap">Credibility gap</a>"</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Glassboro_Summit_Conference" title="Glassboro Summit Conference">Glassboro Summit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Space_Treaty" title="Outer Space Treaty">Outer Space Treaty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_CHAOS" title="Operation CHAOS">Operation CHAOS</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Conference_of_the_United_States" title="Administrative Conference of the United States">Administrative Conference of the United States</a> (1964)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Lyndon B. Johnson administration">Cannabis policy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" title="Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_11246" title="Executive Order 11246">Executive Order 11246</a> (1965)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flood_Control_Act_of_1965" title="Flood Control Act of 1965">Flood Control Act of 1965</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Child_Nutrition_Act" title="Child Nutrition Act">Child Nutrition Act</a>
<ul><li>1966; <a href="/wiki/School_Breakfast_Program" title="School Breakfast Program">School Breakfast Program</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Time_Act" title="Uniform Time Act">Uniform Time Act</a> (1966)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Conference_on_Civil_Rights" title="White House Conference on Civil Rights">White House Conference on Civil Rights</a> (1966)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Age_Discrimination_in_Employment_Act_of_1967" title="Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967">Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_11375" title="Executive Order 11375">Executive Order 11375</a> (1967)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">Civil Rights Act of 1968</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Control_Act_of_1968" title="Gun Control Act of 1968">Gun Control Act of 1968</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Omnibus_Crime_Control_and_Safe_Streets_Act_of_1968" title="Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968">Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_Enforcement_Assistance_Administration" title="Law Enforcement Assistance Administration">Law Enforcement Assistance Administration</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economic policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1964" title="Revenue Act of 1964">Revenue Act of 1964</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Mass_Transportation_Act_of_1964" title="Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964">Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Transit_Administration" title="Federal Transit Administration">Urban Mass Transportation Administration</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1965" title="Coinage Act of 1965">Coinage Act of 1965</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Act_of_1965" title="Food and Agriculture Act of 1965">Food and Agriculture Act of 1965</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/High-Speed_Ground_Transportation_Act_of_1965" title="High-Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965">High-Speed Ground Transportation Act of 1965</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development</a> (1965)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cigarette_Labeling_and_Advertising_Act" title="Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act">Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act</a> (1966)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Packaging_and_Labeling_Act" title="Fair Packaging and Labeling Act">Fair Packaging and Labeling Act</a> (1966)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Traffic_and_Motor_Vehicle_Safety_Act" title="National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act">National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act</a> (1966)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Adjustment_Act_of_1966" title="Tax Adjustment Act of 1966">Tax Adjustment Act of 1966</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Fair_Practices_Act_of_1967" title="Agricultural Fair Practices Act of 1967">Agricultural Fair Practices Act of 1967</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">U.S. Department of Transportation</a> (1967)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wholesome_Meat_Act" title="Wholesome Meat Act">Wholesome Meat Act</a> (1967)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_Barriers_Act_of_1968" title="Architectural Barriers Act of 1968">Architectural Barriers Act of 1968</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Credit_Protection_Act_of_1968" title="Consumer Credit Protection Act of 1968">Consumer Credit Protection Act of 1968</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Truth_in_Lending_Act" title="Truth in Lending Act">Truth in Lending Act</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1968" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968">Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Housing_and_Urban_Development_Act_of_1968" title="Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968">Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_National_Mortgage_Association" title="Government National Mortgage Association">Ginnie Mae</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Flood_Insurance_Act_of_1968" title="National Flood Insurance Act of 1968">National Flood Insurance Act of 1968</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Flood_Insurance_Program" title="National Flood Insurance Program">National Flood Insurance Program</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_Control_for_Health_and_Safety_Act_of_1968" title="Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968">Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_and_Expenditure_Control_Act_of_1968" title="Revenue and Expenditure Control Act of 1968">Revenue and Expenditure Control Act of 1968</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Williams_Act" title="Williams Act">Williams Act</a> (1968)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Environmental policy of the United States">Environmental<br />policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilderness_Act" title="Wilderness Act">Wilderness Act</a> (1964)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Land_and_Water_Conservation_Fund" title="Land and Water Conservation Fund">Land and Water Conservation Fund</a> (1965)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act of 1965</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_and_Harbors_Act_of_1965" title="Rivers and Harbors Act of 1965">Rivers and Harbors Act of 1965</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Solid_Waste_Disposal_Act_of_1965" title="Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965">Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Waters_Restoration_Act" title="Clean Waters Restoration Act">Clean Waters Restoration Act</a> (1966)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge_System_Administration_Act_of_1966" title="National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966">National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Air Quality Act of 1967</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Wild_and_Scenic_Rivers_System" title="National Wild and Scenic Rivers System">National Wild and Scenic Rivers System</a> (1968)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Society" title="Great Society">Great Society</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/War_on_poverty" title="War on poverty">War on Poverty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Opportunity_Act_of_1964" title="Economic Opportunity Act of 1964">Economic Opportunity Act of 1964</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_Action_Agencies" title="Community Action Agencies">Community Action Agencies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Head_Start_(program)" title="Head Start (program)">Head Start</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Job_Corps" title="Job Corps">Job Corps</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Economic_Opportunity" title="Office of Economic Opportunity">Office of Economic Opportunity</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Food_Stamp_Act_of_1964" title="Food Stamp Act of 1964">Food Stamp Act of 1964</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supplemental_Nutrition_Assistance_Program" title="Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program">Food Stamp Program</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/AmeriCorps_VISTA" title="AmeriCorps VISTA">AmeriCorps VISTA</a> (1965)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Elementary_and_Secondary_Education_Act" title="Elementary and Secondary Education Act">Elementary and Secondary Education Act</a> (1965)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Act_of_1965" title="Higher Education Act of 1965">Higher Education Act of 1965</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/FAFSA" title="FAFSA">FAFSA</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Family_Education_Loan_Program" title="Federal Family Education Loan Program">Federal Family Education Loan Program</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Work-Study_Program" title="Federal Work-Study Program">Federal Work-Study Program</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pell_Grant" title="Pell Grant">Pell Grant</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Loan" title="Stafford Loan">Stafford Loan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Student_loans_in_the_United_States" title="Student loans in the United States">Student loans in the United States</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Teacher_Corps" title="Teacher Corps">Teacher Corps</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Federal_TRIO_Programs" title="Federal TRIO Programs">TRIO</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Upward_Bound" title="Upward Bound">Upward Bound</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Foundation_on_the_Arts_and_the_Humanities" title="National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities">National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities</a>
<ul><li>1965; <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Older_Americans_Act" title="Older Americans Act">Older Americans Act</a> (1965)
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administration_on_Aging" title="Administration on Aging">Administration on Aging</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_Works_and_Economic_Development_Act_of_1965" title="Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965">Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Development_Administration" title="Economic Development Administration">Economic Development Administration</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Amendments_of_1965" title="Social Security Amendments of 1965">Social Security Amendments of 1965</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Model_Cities_Program" title="Model Cities Program">Model Cities Program</a> (1966)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Preservation_Act" title="National Historic Preservation Act">National Historic Preservation Act</a>
<ul><li>1966; <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/State_Historic_Preservation_Office" title="State Historic Preservation Office">State Historic Preservation Office</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bilingual_Education_Act" title="Bilingual Education Act">Bilingual Education Act</a> (1967)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Act_of_1967" title="Public Broadcasting Act of 1967">Public Broadcasting Act of 1967</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PBS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson#Early_years" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Early years and career</a>
<ul><li>1956 <a href="/wiki/Southern_Manifesto" title="Southern Manifesto">Southern Manifesto</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957" title="Civil Rights Act of 1957">Civil Rights Act of 1957</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1960" title="Civil Rights Act of 1960">Civil Rights Act of 1960</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Texas" title="Operation Texas">Operation Texas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KTBC_(TV)" title="KTBC (TV)">Texas Broadcasting Company</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Amendment" title="Johnson Amendment">Johnson Amendment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Box_13_scandal" title="Box 13 scandal">Box 13 scandal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bashir_Ahmad_(camel_driver)" title="Bashir Ahmad (camel driver)">Bashir Ahmad</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="List of memorials to Lyndon B. Johnson">memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_bibliography" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon B. Johnson bibliography">Bibliography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Library_and_Museum" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum">Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_National_Grassland" title="Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland">Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_National_Historical_Park" title="Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park">Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center">Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Day" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Day">Lyndon Baines Johnson Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_School_of_Public_Affairs" title="Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs">Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Memorial_Grove_on_the_Potomac" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac">Memorial Grove on the Potomac</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamp</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Electoral history of Lyndon B. Johnson">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Texas's 10th congressional district">United States House of Representatives special elections, 1937</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1938_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1938 United States House of Representatives elections">1938 United States House of Representatives elections</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1940 United States House of Representatives elections">1940</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1942 United States House of Representatives elections">1942</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1944 United States House of Representatives elections">1944</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1946_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1946 United States House of Representatives elections">1946</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas" title="List of United States senators from Texas">United States Senate special elections, 1941</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1948 United States Senate elections">1948 United States Senate elections</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1954 United States Senate elections">1954</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_elections,_1960_and_1961" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate elections, 1960 and 1961">1960</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1960</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1964</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Lyndon B. Johnson 1964 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1968</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention 1956</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960 United States presidential election</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson#Personality_and_public_image" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Public image</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_in_popular_culture" title="Lyndon B. Johnson in popular culture">Lyndon B. Johnson in popular culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_(advertisement)" title="Daisy (advertisement)"><i>Daisy</i> advertisement</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_cult" title="Johnson cult">Johnson cult</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Years_of_Lyndon_Johnson" title="The Years of Lyndon Johnson">The Years of Lyndon Johnson</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LBJ_(1991_film)" title="LBJ (1991 film)"><i>LBJ</i> (1991 television film)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Path_to_War" title="Path to War"><i>Path to War</i> (2002 film)</a></li>
<li><i>All the Way</i> (<a href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(play)" title="All the Way (play)">2012 play</a>, <a href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(2016_film)" title="All the Way (2016 film)">2016 film</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Selma_(film)" title="Selma (film)"><i>Selma</i> (2014 film)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LBJ_(2016_film)" title="LBJ (2016 film)"><i>LBJ</i> (2017 film)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Family of Lyndon B. Johnson">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Claudia "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson</a> (wife)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Bird_Johnson_Robb" title="Lynda Bird Johnson Robb">Lynda Bird Johnson Robb</a> (daughter)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luci_Baines_Johnson" title="Luci Baines Johnson">Luci Baines Johnson</a> (daughter)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ealy_Johnson_Jr." title="Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr.">Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr.</a> (father)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston_Johnson" title="Sam Houston Johnson">Sam Houston Johnson</a> (brother)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ealy_Johnson_Sr." title="Samuel Ealy Johnson Sr.">Samuel Ealy Johnson Sr.</a> (grandfather)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wilson_Baines" title="Joseph Wilson Baines">Joseph Wilson Baines</a> (grandfather)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Baines" title="George Washington Baines">George Washington Baines</a> (great-grandfather)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Robb" title="Chuck Robb">Chuck Robb</a> (son-in-law)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">← John F. Kennedy</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon →</a></b></li></ul>
<ul><li>← Richard Nixon</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey →</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Category:Lyndon B. Johnson">Category</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_broadcasting_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_broadcasting_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Public broadcasting in the United States"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_broadcasting_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Public broadcasting in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_broadcasting_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public broadcasting in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_broadcasting_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">Public broadcasting</a> in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio syndicators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">American Public Media</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pacifica_Foundation" title="Pacifica Foundation">Pacifica</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_Exchange" title="Public Radio Exchange">Public Radio Exchange</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terrestrial television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Television" title="American Public Television">American PTV</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Create_(TV_network)" title="Create (TV network)">Create</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/World_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="World (TV channel)">World</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PBS</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">Kids</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_Experience" title="First Nations Experience">FNX</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cable and satellite</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Arts_Showcase" title="Classic Arts Showcase">Classic Arts Showcase</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Free_Speech_TV" title="Free Speech TV">Free Speech TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NASA_TV" title="NASA TV">NASA TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Satellite_Service" title="PBS Satellite Service">PBS Satellite Service</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SCOLA_(TV_service)" title="SCOLA (TV service)">SCOLA</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statewide networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Public_Media" title="Alaska Public Media">Alaska</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Public_Radio" title="Colorado Public Radio">Colorado</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut Public Radio">Connecticut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Public_Broadcasting#GPB_Radio" title="Georgia Public Broadcasting">Georgia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Public_Radio" title="Hawaii Public Radio">Hawaii</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Public_Radio" title="Iowa Public Radio">Iowa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Public_Broadcasting_Network#Radio_stations" title="Maine Public Broadcasting Network">Maine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Radio" title="Minnesota Public Radio">Minnesota</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Public_Broadcasting#MPB_Radio" title="Mississippi Public Broadcasting">Mississippi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Educational_Telecommunications#Radio_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebraska Educational Telecommunications">Nebraska</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Public_Radio" title="Nevada Public Radio">Nevada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Public_Radio" title="New Hampshire Public Radio">New Hampshire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Public_Radio" title="Prairie Public Radio">North Dakota</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Public_Broadcasting" title="Oregon Public Broadcasting">Oregon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhode Island Public Radio">Rhode Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Public_Radio" title="South Carolina Public Radio">South Carolina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Public_Broadcasting#Radio_stations" title="South Dakota Public Broadcasting">South Dakota</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KUSU-FM" title="KUSU-FM">Utah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Public" title="Vermont Public">Vermont</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Public_Broadcasting#Radio" title="West Virginia Public Broadcasting">West Virginia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Public_Radio" title="Wisconsin Public Radio">Wisconsin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Public_Radio" title="Wyoming Public Radio">Wyoming</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Public_Television" title="Alabama Public Television">Alabama</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Public_Media" title="Alaska Public Media">Alaska</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_PBS" title="Arkansas PBS">Arkansas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_PBS" title="Rocky Mountain PBS">Colorado</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Public_Television" title="Connecticut Public Television">Connecticut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Public_Broadcasting" title="Georgia Public Broadcasting">Georgia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KHET" title="KHET">Hawaii</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Public_Television" title="Idaho Public Television">Idaho</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_PBS" title="Iowa PBS">Iowa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Educational_Television" title="Kentucky Educational Television">Kentucky</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/WKMJ-TV" title="WKMJ-TV">KET2</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Public_Broadcasting" title="Louisiana Public Broadcasting">Louisiana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Public_Broadcasting_Network" title="Maine Public Broadcasting Network">Maine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Public_Television" title="Maryland Public Television">Maryland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Public_Broadcasting" title="Mississippi Public Broadcasting">Mississippi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Montana_PBS" title="Montana PBS">Montana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Educational_Telecommunications" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebraska Educational Telecommunications">Nebraska</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_PBS" title="New Hampshire PBS">New Hampshire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NJ_PBS" title="NJ PBS">New Jersey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PBS_North_Carolina" title="PBS North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Public_Television" title="Prairie Public Television">North Dakota</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Educational_Television_Authority" title="Oklahoma Educational Television Authority">Oklahoma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Public_Broadcasting" title="Oregon Public Broadcasting">Oregon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Public_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Puerto Rico Public Broadcasting Corporation">Puerto Rico</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Educational_Television" title="South Carolina Educational Television">South Carolina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Public_Broadcasting" title="South Dakota Public Broadcasting">South Dakota</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Public" title="Vermont Public">Vermont</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Public_Broadcasting" title="West Virginia Public Broadcasting">West Virginia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Wisconsin" title="PBS Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_PBS" title="Wyoming PBS">Wyoming</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Public_Radio" title="Alabama Public Radio">Alabama</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Boise_State_Public_Radio" title="Boise State Public Radio">Boise State</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WCMU-FM" title="WCMU-FM">Central Michigan Univ.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/High_Plains_Public_Radio" title="High Plains Public Radio">High Plains</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WBST#Indiana_Public_Radio" title="WBST">Indiana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Interlochen_Public_Radio" title="Interlochen Public Radio">Interlochen (Northern Michigan)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Public_Radio" title="Jefferson Public Radio">Jefferson (Southern Oregon/Northern California)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigan Radio">Michigan Radio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Public_Radio" title="Montana Public Radio">Montana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WFCR" title="WFCR">New England</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Public_Radio" title="New Jersey Public Radio">New Jersey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WUNC_(FM)" title="WUNC (FM)">North Carolina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Public_Radio" title="North Country Public Radio">North Country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WAMC" title="WAMC">Northeast (Albany)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Public_Radio" title="Northern Public Radio">Northern (Illinois)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Public Radio">Northwest</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WVTF" title="WVTF">Radio IQ</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Radio" title="Red River Radio">Red River</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_Public_Radio" title="Yellowstone Public Radio">Yellowstone Public</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee_PBS" class="mw-redirect" title="East Tennessee PBS">East Tennessee PBS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_PBS" title="Milwaukee PBS">Milwaukee PBS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Network_Knowledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Network Knowledge">Network Knowledge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KOZK" title="KOZK">Ozarks PTV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KWCM-TV" title="KWCM-TV">Pioneer PBS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WMTJ" title="WMTJ">Sistema TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Smoky_Hills_PBS" title="Smoky Hills PBS">Smoky Hills PBS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Oregon_PBS" title="Southern Oregon PBS">Southern Oregon PBS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WCMU-TV" title="WCMU-TV">WCMU Public Media</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WIPR-TV" title="WIPR-TV">WIPR-TV</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local non-commercial<br />independents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">School-owned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/KRSU-TV" title="KRSU-TV">KRSU-TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KUEN" title="KUEN">KUEN</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WBEC-TV" title="WBEC-TV">WBEC-TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WDSC-TV" title="WDSC-TV">WDSC-TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WEFS" title="WEFS">WEFS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WILC-CD" title="WILC-CD">WILC-CD</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WPDS-LD" title="WPDS-LD">WPDS-LD</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WTVI" title="WTVI">WTVI</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community-operated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/KPJK" title="KPJK">KPJK</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WLAE-TV" title="WLAE-TV">WLAE-TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WLMF-LD" title="WLMF-LD">WLMF-LD</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WNYE-TV" title="WNYE-TV">WNYE-TV</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlaskaOne" title="AlaskaOne">AlaskaOne</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Public_Television_Network" title="Pennsylvania Public Television Network">PPTN</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DoD_News_Channel" title="DoD News Channel">DoD News Channel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/K07UF" title="K07UF">K07UF</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/K35DG-D" title="K35DG-D">K35DG-D</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Link_TV" title="Link TV">Link TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MHz_Networks" title="MHz Networks">MHz Networks</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/MHz_Networks#MHz_WorldView" title="MHz Networks">MHz WorldView</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Network" title="New Jersey Network">NJN</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_International" title="Public Radio International">Public Radio International</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/W06BD" title="W06BD">W06BD</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/W07BP-D" class="mw-redirect" title="W07BP-D">W07BP-D</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television" title="Template:American broadcast television"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_broadcast_television" title="Template talk:American broadcast television"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_broadcast_television" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American broadcast television"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">Broadcast television networks in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television_(English)" title="Template:American broadcast television (English)"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_broadcast_television_(English)" title="Template talk:American broadcast television (English)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_broadcast_television_(English)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American broadcast television (English)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_English-language_broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Current <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_over-the-air_television_networks" title="List of United States over-the-air television networks">English-language broadcast television networks in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_CW_Plus" title="The CW Plus">The CW Plus</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PBS</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Satellite_Service" title="PBS Satellite Service">PBS Satellite Service</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids#Network" title="PBS Kids">PBS Kids Channel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Arts_Showcase" title="Classic Arts Showcase">Classic Arts Showcase</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Create_(TV_network)" title="Create (TV network)">Create</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_Experience" title="First Nations Experience">First Nations Experience</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NASA_TV" title="NASA TV">NASA TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/World_Channel" title="World Channel">World Channel</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Specialty_channel" title="Specialty channel">Specialty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic news, business and weather</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biz_Television" title="Biz Television">Biz Television</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cheddar_(TV_channel)" title="Cheddar (TV channel)">Cheddar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Weather" title="Fox Weather">Fox Weather</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Newsmax_TV" title="Newsmax TV">Newsmax2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NewsNet" title="NewsNet">NewsNet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Real_America%27s_Voice" title="Real America's Voice">Real America's Voice</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scripps_News" title="Scripps News">Scripps News</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WeatherNation_TV" title="WeatherNation TV">WeatherNation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/YTA_TV" title="YTA TV">YTA TV</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International news</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/CaribVision" title="CaribVision">CaribVision</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DW-TV" title="DW-TV">Deutsche Welle</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHK_World-Japan" title="NHK World-Japan">NHK World</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/BeIN_Sports_(American_TV_channel)" title="BeIN Sports (American TV channel)">beIN Sports Xtra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rev%27n" title="Rev'n">Rev'n</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SportsGrid" class="mw-redirect" title="SportsGrid">SportsGrid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NewsNet" title="NewsNet">Sports News Highlights</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Black</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bounce_TV" title="Bounce TV">Bounce TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dabl" title="Dabl">Dabl</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TheGrio" title="TheGrio">TheGrio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The365" class="mw-redirect" title="The365">The365</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soul_of_the_South_Television" title="Soul of the South Television">Soul of the South</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asian interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Vision_(TV_network)" title="Asia Vision (TV network)">Asia Vision</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Diya_TV" title="Diya TV">Diya TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Tang_Dynasty_Television" title="New Tang Dynasty Television">NTD</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/VIETV" title="VIETV">VIETV</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arirang_TV" title="Arirang TV">Arirang TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arirang_Radio" title="Arirang Radio">Arirang Radio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KBS_America" title="KBS America">KBS America</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Broadcasting_System" title="Seoul Broadcasting System">SBS</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reality and lifestyle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defy_TV" title="Defy TV">Defy TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fave_TV" title="Fave TV">Fave TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Localish" title="Localish">Localish</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NBC_LX_Home" title="NBC LX Home">NBC LX Home</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TBD_(TV_network)" title="TBD (TV network)">TBD</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Nest_(TV_network)" title="The Nest (TV network)">The Nest</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/This_TV" title="This TV">This TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Quest_(American_TV_network)" title="Quest (American TV network)">Quest</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Music_Channel" title="California Music Channel">CA Music</a><sup>d</sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Country_Network" title="The Country Network">The Country Network</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LATV" title="LATV">LATV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_(TV_network)" title="Heartland (TV network)">Heartland</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal & true crime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_TV" title="Court TV">Court TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Abrams#Law&Crime" title="Dan Abrams">Law & Crime Network</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Merit_Street_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Merit Street Media">Merit Street Media</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_(TV_channel)" title="Oxygen (TV channel)">Oxygen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/True_Crime_Network" title="True Crime Network">True Crime Network</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_TV" title="Ace TV">Ace TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Antenna_TV" title="Antenna TV">Antenna TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cozi_TV" title="Cozi TV">Cozi TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Get_(TV_network)" title="Get (TV network)">get</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MeTV" title="MeTV">MeTV</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/MeTV_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="MeTV Plus">MeTV+</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Retro_TV" title="Retro TV">Retro TV</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Movies!" title="Movies!">Movies!</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NOST" title="NOST">NOST</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comedy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catchy_Comedy" title="Catchy Comedy">Catchy Comedy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Laff_(TV_network)" title="Laff (TV network)">Laff</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rewind_TV" title="Rewind TV">Rewind TV</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Westerns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grit_(TV_network)" title="Grit (TV network)">Grit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Outlaw (TV network)">Outlaw</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drama & action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Action_Channel_(US_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Action Channel (US TV channel)">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Charge!_(TV_network)" title="Charge! (TV network)">Charge!</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Comet_(TV_network)" title="Comet (TV network)">Comet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Heroes_%26_Icons" title="Heroes & Icons">H&I</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Television" title="Ion Television">Ion</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Mystery" title="Ion Mystery">Ion Mystery</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Start_TV" title="Start TV">Start TV</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Niche & genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buzzr" title="Buzzr">Buzzr</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Family_Channel_(American_TV_network,_founded_2008)" title="The Family Channel (American TV network, founded 2008)">Family Channel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Story_Television" title="Story Television">Story TV</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Home_shopping" title="Home shopping">Home shopping</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSN" title="HSN">HSN</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jewelry_Television" title="Jewelry Television">Jewelry TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/OnTV4U" class="mw-redirect" title="OnTV4U">OnTV4U</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/QVC" title="QVC">QVC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ShopHQ" title="ShopHQ">ShopHQ</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shop_LC" title="Shop LC">Shop LC</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN News</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Television" title="Cornerstone Television">Cornerstone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Daystar_Television_Network" title="Daystar Television Network">Daystar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/RadiantTV" class="mw-redirect" title="RadiantTV">RadiantTV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sonlife_Broadcasting_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonlife Broadcasting Network">Sonlife</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Broadcasting_Network" title="Trinity Broadcasting Network">TBN</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/TBN_Inspire" title="TBN Inspire">TBN Inspire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Smile_(TV_network)" title="Smile (TV network)">Smile</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TBN_Salsa" title="TBN Salsa">Salsa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Positiv" title="Positiv">Positiv</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tri-State_Christian_Television" title="Tri-State Christian Television">TCT</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television_(Spanish)" title="Template:American broadcast television (Spanish)"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_broadcast_television_(Spanish)" title="Template talk:American broadcast television (Spanish)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_broadcast_television_(Spanish)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American broadcast television (Spanish)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_Spanish-language_broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Current <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish-language_television_networks_in_the_United_States" title="List of Spanish-language television networks in the United States">Spanish-language broadcast television networks in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estrella_TV" title="Estrella TV">Estrella TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">Telemundo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/UniM%C3%A1s" title="UniMás">UniMás</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_TeV%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="América TeVé">América TeVé</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Visi%C3%B3n" title="Nuestra Visión">Nuestra Visión</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ve_Plus_TV" title="Ve Plus TV">Novelisima</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LATV" title="LATV">LATV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mega_TV_(American_TV_network)" title="Mega TV (American TV network)">Mega TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TeleXitos" title="TeleXitos">TeleXitos</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KWIZ" title="KWIZ">Visión Latina</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major imported</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/FOROtv" class="mw-redirect" title="FOROtv">FORO</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canal_6_(Mexico)" title="Canal 6 (Mexico)">Canal 6/Multimedios</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Milenio_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Milenio Televisión">Milenio Televisión</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mexicanal" title="Mexicanal">Mexicanal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Once_(Mexico)" title="Canal Once (Mexico)">Canal Once</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/XEIMT-TDT" title="XEIMT-TDT">Canal 22</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Telemax_(TV_network)" title="Telemax (TV network)">Telemax</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Teleritmo" title="Teleritmo">Teleritmo</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almavision" title="Almavision">Almavision</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KBEH" title="KBEH">Canal de La Fe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/3ABN_Latino" class="mw-redirect" title="3ABN Latino">3ABN Latino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Enlace" title="Enlace">Enlace</a></li>
<li>Esperanza TV</li>
<li>ESNE</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/EWTN" title="EWTN">EWTN en Español</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tele_Vida_Abundante" title="Tele Vida Abundante">Tele Vida Abundante</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Cine Mexicano</li>
<li>Tele N</li>
<li>MiCasa Network</li>
<li>Mira TV</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/%C2%A1Sorpresa!" title="¡Sorpresa!">¡Sorpresa!</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TeLe-Rom%C3%A1ntica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TeLe-Romántica (page does not exist)">TeLe-Romántica</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_CV_Network" title="América CV Network">América CV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Azteca_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Azteca América">Azteca América</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_Television_Network" title="Hispanic Television Network">Hispanic Television Network</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inmigrante_TV" title="Inmigrante TV">Inmigrante TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LAT_TV" title="LAT TV">LAT TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MundoMax" title="MundoMax">MundoMax</a></li>
<li>Soi TV</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Tres" title="MTV Tres">Tr3s</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TuVisi%C3%B3n" title="TuVisión">TuVisión</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/VasalloVision" title="VasalloVision">VasalloVision</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/V-me" title="V-me">V-me</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television_(Religious)" title="Template:American broadcast television (Religious)"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_broadcast_television_(Religious)" title="Template talk:American broadcast television (Religious)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_broadcast_television_(Religious)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American broadcast television (Religious)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religious_broadcast_television_networks_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religious_broadcasting" title="Religious broadcasting">Religious broadcast</a> television networks in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TBN Networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Broadcasting_Network" title="Trinity Broadcasting Network">TBN</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TBN_Inspire" title="TBN Inspire">TBN Inspire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Positiv" title="Positiv">Positiv</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Smile_(TV_network)" title="Smile (TV network)">Smile</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Enlace" title="Enlace">Enlace</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spanish language)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TBN_Salsa" title="TBN Salsa">Salsa</a></li>
<li>TBN Francophone <span style="font-size:85%;">(French language)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">English</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Al Karma TV</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Adventist_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Review">Adventist Review</a> TV</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Facts" title="Amazing Facts">Amazing Facts</a> TV</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/BYU_TV" title="BYU TV">BYU TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CatholicTV" title="CatholicTV">CatholicTV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Faith_Network" title="Catholic Faith Network">CFN</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Television_Network" title="Christian Television Network">CTN</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Television" title="Cornerstone Television">Cornerstone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Daystar_Television_Network" title="Daystar Television Network">Daystar</a></li>
<li>EICB TV</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/EWTN" title="EWTN">EWTN</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Family_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Family Broadcasting Corporation">FBC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GEB_Network" title="GEB Network">GEB</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/God%27s_Learning_Channel" title="God's Learning Channel">GLC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GOD_TV" title="GOD TV">GOD</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Channel" title="Hope Channel">Hope</a></li>
<li>IQRA TV</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/It_Is_Written" title="It Is Written">It Is Written</a> TV</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Loma_Linda_Broadcasting_Network" title="Loma Linda Broadcasting Network">LLBN</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sonlife_Broadcasting_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonlife Broadcasting Network">SBN</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels_Broadcasting_Network" title="Three Angels Broadcasting Network">3ABN</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/3ABN_Dare_to_Dream" class="mw-redirect" title="3ABN Dare to Dream">3ABN Dare to Dream</a> Network</li>
<li>3ABN International <span style="font-size:85%;">(with 3ABN Australia)</span></li>
<li>3ABN Kids Network</li>
<li>3ABN Praise Him Music Network</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/3ABN_Proclaim!" class="mw-redirect" title="3ABN Proclaim!">3ABN Proclaim!</a> Network</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PTL_Television_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="PTL Television Network">PTL</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/RadiantTV" class="mw-redirect" title="RadiantTV">RadiantTV</a></li>
<li>SafeTV</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Total_Living_Network" title="Total Living Network">TLN)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tri-State_Christian_Television" title="Tri-State Christian Television">TCT</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Broadcasting_Network" title="Unity Broadcasting Network">UBN</a></li>
<li>The Walk TV</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Word_Network" title="The Word Network">Word</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Family_Broadcasting_Corporation#World_Harvest_Television_(WHT)" title="Family Broadcasting Corporation">WHT</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spanish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Aliento Vision</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Almavision" title="Almavision">Almavisión</a></li>
<li>Aviva TV</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Television_Network" title="Christian Television Network">CTNi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Daystar_Television_Network" title="Daystar Television Network">Daystar Español</a></li>
<li>Esperanza TV</li>
<li>ESNE</li>
<li>Familia TV</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fe-TV" title="Fe-TV">Fe-TV</a></li>
<li>HCCN</li>
<li>Iglesia JEMIR</li>
<li>Red AdVenir</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tele_Vida_Abundante" title="Tele Vida Abundante">Tele Vida Abundante</a></li>
<li>3ABN Latino Network</li>
<li>Tvida Vision</li>
<li>Visión Latina</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>3ABN Français Network</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/INSP_(TV_network)" title="INSP (TV network)">The Inspiration Network</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kids_%26_Teens_TV" title="Kids & Teens TV">Kids & Teens TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Angel" title="Sky Angel">Sky Angel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Worship_Network" title="The Worship Network">Worship</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_TV" title="Template:North American TV"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_American_TV" title="Template talk:North American TV"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_American_TV" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North American TV"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Additional_resources_on_North_American_television" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Additional resources on North American television</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Television_stations_in_North_America" title="Template:Television stations in North America">List of local television stations in North America</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_DTV" title="Template:North American DTV">DTV transition</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_TV" title="Template:North American TV">North American TV mini-template</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_television_networks" title="Template:Canadian television networks">Canadian networks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_networks" title="List of Canadian television networks">List of Canadian television networks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_channels" title="List of Canadian television channels">List of Canadian television channels</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_specialty_channels" title="List of Canadian specialty channels">List of Canadian specialty channels</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian television stations">Local Canadian TV stations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_stations_available_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States stations available in Canada">List of United States stations available in Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2001_Vancouver_TV_realignment" title="2001 Vancouver TV realignment">2001 Vancouver TV realignment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2007_Canada_broadcast_TV_realignment" title="2007 Canada broadcast TV realignment">2007 Canada broadcast TV realignment</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mexico</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mexican_broadcast_television" title="Template:Mexican broadcast television">Mexican networks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Mexico" title="List of television stations in Mexico">Local Mexican TV stations</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television" title="Template:American broadcast television">American networks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cable_and_satellite_television_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States cable and satellite television channels">List of American cable and satellite networks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_over-the-air_television_networks" title="List of United States over-the-air television networks">List of American over-the-air networks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_States_by_call_sign_(initial_letter_W)" title="List of television stations in the United States by call sign (initial letter W)">Local American TV stations (W)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_States_by_call_sign_(initial_letter_K)" title="List of television stations in the United States by call sign (initial letter K)">Local American TV stations (K)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish-language_television_networks_in_the_United_States" title="List of Spanish-language television networks in the United States">Spanish-language TV networks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1989_South_Florida_television_affiliation_switch" title="1989 South Florida television affiliation switch">1989 South Florida television affiliation switch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1994%E2%80%931996_United_States_broadcast_television_realignment" title="1994–1996 United States broadcast television realignment">1994–1996 U.S. TV realignment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_broadcast_television_realignment" title="2006 United States broadcast television realignment">2006 U.S. TV realignment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_television_stations_available_in_the_United_States" title="List of Canadian television stations available in the United States">List of Canadian television stations available in the United States</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_DTV" title="Template:North American DTV"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_American_DTV" title="Template talk:North American DTV"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_American_DTV" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North American DTV"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Digital_television_in_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">Digital television</a> in North America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">Terrestrial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_broadcasting" title="Digital broadcasting">Digital broadcasting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_tuner" title="ATSC tuner">ATSC tuners</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Digital_subchannel" title="Digital subchannel">Digital subchannels</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_channel" title="Virtual channel">Virtual channels</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_transmission_system" title="Distributed transmission system">Distributed transmission system</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Datacasting" title="Datacasting">Datacasting</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guide_Plus" title="Guide Plus">Guide Plus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Datacast" title="National Datacast">National Datacast</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/UpdateLogic" class="mw-redirect" title="UpdateLogic">UpdateLogic</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Television_Alliance" title="Metropolitan Television Alliance">Metropolitan Television Alliance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_(HDTV)" title="Grand Alliance (HDTV)">Grand Alliance</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition" title="Digital television transition">Digital switchover</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Channel_Receiver_Act" title="All-Channel Receiver Act">All-Channel Receiver Act</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Short-term_Analog_Flash_and_Emergency_Readiness_Act" title="Short-term Analog Flash and Emergency Readiness Act">SAFER Act</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Digital_channel_election" title="Digital channel election">Digital channel election</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Set-top_box" title="Set-top box">Set-top boxes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_adapter" title="Digital television adapter">Digital television adapter</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coupon-eligible_converter_box" title="Coupon-eligible converter box">U.S. Converter Box Coupon Program</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Transition_and_Public_Safety_Act_of_2005" title="Digital Transition and Public Safety Act of 2005">legislation</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Analog_passthrough" title="Analog passthrough">Analog passthrough</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DVD_recorder" title="DVD recorder">DVD recorders</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Digital_video_recorder" title="Digital video recorder">Digital video recorders</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Digital standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC standards</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Television_Systems_Committee" title="Advanced Television Systems Committee">ATSC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ATSC-M/H" title="ATSC-M/H">ATSC-M/H</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/8VSB" title="8VSB">8VSB</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/A-VSB" title="A-VSB">A-VSB</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/E-VSB" title="E-VSB">E-VSB</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Program_and_System_Information_Protocol" title="Program and System Information Protocol">PSIP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Programming_Metadata_Communication_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Programming Metadata Communication Protocol">PMCP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ATSC_standards" title="List of ATSC standards">full list</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Standard-definition_television" title="Standard-definition television">Standard-definition TV</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/480i" title="480i">480i</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/576i" title="576i">576i</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced-definition_television" title="Enhanced-definition television">Enhanced-definition TV</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/480p" title="480p">480p</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/576p" title="576p">576p</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">High-definition TV</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">Ultra high-definition TV</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2160p" class="mw-redirect" title="2160p">2160p</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Serial_digital_interface" title="Serial digital interface">Serial digital interface</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Smart_antenna" title="Smart antenna">Smart antennas</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/CEA-909" title="CEA-909">CEA-909</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Digital networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_multicast_television_network" title="Digital multicast television network">Digital multicast television network</a></li>
<li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television" title="Template:American broadcast television">Template:American broadcast television</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_television_networks" title="Template:Canadian television networks">Template:Canadian television networks</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">National deployment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_television_deployments_by_country" title="List of digital television deployments by country">List by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_Canada" title="Digital television in Canada">Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Mexico" title="Television in Mexico">Mexico</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_the_United_States" title="Digital television in the United States">United States</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_States" title="High-definition television in the United States">HDTV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition_in_the_United_States" title="Digital television transition in the United States">transition</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_wireless_spectrum_auction" title="2008 United States wireless spectrum auction">wireless spectrum auction</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Digital_cable" title="Digital cable">Digital cable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable-ready#Digital_cable" title="Cable-ready">Digital-cable-ready TV</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/QAM_(television)" title="QAM (television)">QAM tuners</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cable-ready#Digital_cable" title="Cable-ready">Interactive-digital-cable-ready TV</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenCable_Application_Platform" title="OpenCable Application Platform">OpenCable Application Platform</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Television_encryption#Digital_cable_and_satellite_television_encryption" title="Television encryption">Encryption</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Must-carry#Digital_must-carry" title="Must-carry">Must-carry</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">Subscription TV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/AllVid" title="AllVid">AllVid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CableCARD" title="CableCARD">CableCARD</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Downloadable_Conditional_Access_System" title="Downloadable Conditional Access System">Downloadable Conditional Access System</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tru2way" title="Tru2way">Tru2way</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">Satellite TV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB-S" title="DVB-S">DVB-S</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dish_Network" title="Dish Network">Dish Network</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GlobeCast_World_TV" title="GlobeCast World TV">GlobeCast World TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">Free-to-air</a> <a href="/wiki/FTA_receiver" title="FTA receiver">receiver</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Satellite_TV" title="Bell Satellite TV">Bell Satellite TV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Telus_TV" title="Telus TV">Telus Satellite TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dish_M%C3%A9xico" title="Dish México">Dish México</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DigiCipher_2" title="DigiCipher 2">DigiCipher 2</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/4DTV" title="4DTV">4DTV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Direct" title="Shaw Direct">Shaw Direct</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Satellite_Service" title="Digital Satellite Service">Digital Satellite Service</a>/<a href="/wiki/DVB-S2" title="DVB-S2">DVB-S2</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol_television" title="Internet Protocol television">IPTV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/U-verse_TV" title="U-verse TV">U-verse TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Fibe_TV" title="Bell Fibe TV">Bell Fibe TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fibe_(Bell_Aliant)" title="Fibe (Bell Aliant)">FibreOP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Telus_TV" title="Telus TV">Telus Optik TV</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/14:9_aspect_ratio" title="14:9 aspect ratio">14:9 aspect ratio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Active_Format_Description" title="Active Format Description">Active Format Description</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_flag" title="Broadcast flag">Broadcast flag</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television#Protection_parameters_for_terrestrial_DTV_broadcasting" title="Digital television">Channel protection ratios</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Display_motion_blur" title="Display motion blur">HDTV blur</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_modulation" title="Hierarchical modulation">Hierarchical modulation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_decryption" title="Pirate decryption">Pirate decryption</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Television_standards_conversion" title="Television standards conversion">Standards conversion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">Video on demand</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Primetime_Emmy_Governors_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #F9EFAA;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:EmmyAward_GovernorsAward" title="Template:EmmyAward GovernorsAward"><abbr title="View this template" style="background: #F9EFAA;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:EmmyAward_GovernorsAward" title="Template talk:EmmyAward GovernorsAward"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background: #F9EFAA;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:EmmyAward_GovernorsAward" title="Special:EditPage/Template:EmmyAward GovernorsAward"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background: #F9EFAA;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Primetime_Emmy_Governors_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Awards" title="Primetime Emmy Awards">Primetime Emmy Governors Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Paley" title="William S. Paley">William S. Paley</a> (1978)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Cronkite" title="Walter Cronkite">Walter Cronkite</a> (1979)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Carson" title="Johnny Carson">Johnny Carson</a> (1980)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Elton_Rule" title="Elton Rule">Elton Rule</a> (1981)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Cards" title="Hallmark Cards">Hallmark Cards, Inc.</a> (1982)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Weaver" title="Pat Weaver">Sylvester L. "Pat" Weaver</a> (1983)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> (1984)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Cooke" title="Alistair Cooke">Alistair Cooke</a> (1985)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Red_Skelton" title="Red Skelton">Red Skelton</a> (1986)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Tinker" title="Grant Tinker">Grant Tinker</a> (1987)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/William_Hanna" title="William Hanna">William Hanna</a> & <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barbera" title="Joseph Barbera">Joseph Barbera</a> (1988)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a> (1989)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Goldenson" title="Leonard Goldenson">Leonard Goldenson</a> (1990)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Masterpiece_(TV_series)" title="Masterpiece (TV series)">Masterpiece Theatre</a></i> (1991)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> (1992)</li>
<li>No Award (1993)</li>
<li>No Award (1994)</li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">PBS</a> (1995)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/USA_Network" title="USA Network">USA</a>'s Erase the Hate Campaign / Turner's Native American Initiative (1996)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>'s March Against Drugs Campaign / <a href="/wiki/Comic_Relief_USA" title="Comic Relief USA">Comic Relief USA</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jac_Venza" title="Jac Venza">Jac Venza</a> (1997)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(American_TV_channel)" title="National Geographic (American TV channel)">National Geographic Channel</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Books_(TV_program)" title="Great Books (TV program)">Great Books</a></i> Literacy Project (1998)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>'s "Fight for Your Rights: Take a Stand Against Violence" / <i><a href="/wiki/Save_Our_History" title="Save Our History">Save Our History</a></i> (1999)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%26E_(TV_network)" title="A&E (TV network)">A&E</a>'s The Biography Project for Schools / <i>The Teen Files</i> / <a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1 Save the Music Foundation</a> (2000)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> / <a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a> (2001)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a> and <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/America:_A_Tribute_to_Heroes" title="America: A Tribute to Heroes">America: A Tribute to Heroes</a></i> (2002)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lifetime_(TV_network)" title="Lifetime (TV network)">Lifetime Network</a>'s "Stop the Violence Against Women" initiative (2003)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Viacom_(1952%E2%80%932006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Viacom (1952–2006)">Viacom Inc.</a> (2004)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a> (2005)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MTVU" title="MTVU">MTVu</a> Campaign for <a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a> (2006)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Idol_Gives_Back" title="Idol Gives Back">Idol Gives Back</a></i> / <i>The Addiction Project</i> (2007)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Planet_Earth_(1986_TV_series)" title="Planet Earth (1986 TV series)">Planet Earth</a></i> (2008)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Nevins" title="Sheila Nevins">Sheila Nevins</a> and her HBO documentary unit (2009)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Brokaw" title="Norman Brokaw">Norman Brokaw</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ad_Council" title="Ad Council">Ad Council</a> (2010)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Walsh_(television_host)" title="John Walsh (television host)">John Walsh</a> (2011)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/It_Gets_Better_Project" title="It Gets Better Project">It Gets Better Project</a> (co-founders <a href="/wiki/Dan_Savage" title="Dan Savage">Dan Savage</a> and Terry Miller) (2012)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/June_Foray" title="June Foray">June Foray</a> (2013)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Dougherty" title="Marion Dougherty">Marion Dougherty</a> (2014)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/A%26E_Networks" title="A&E Networks">A+E Networks</a> (2015)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Idol" title="American Idol">American Idol</a></i> (2016)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ITVS" title="ITVS">ITVS</a> (2017)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a></i> (2018)</li>
<li>No Award (2019)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F9EFAA;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tyler_Perry" title="Tyler Perry">Tyler Perry</a> and The Perry Foundation (2020)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Allen" title="Debbie Allen">Debbie Allen</a> (2021)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Geena_Davis_Institute_on_Gender_in_Media" title="Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media">Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media</a> (2022)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GLAAD" title="GLAAD">GLAAD</a> (2023)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Webby_Awards" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Webby_Awards" title="Template:Webby Awards"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Webby_Awards" title="Template talk:Webby Awards"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Webby_Awards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Webby Awards"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Webby_Awards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Webby_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Webby Award">Webby Awards</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Nominee</b>, 1997 award in the category <b>TV</b><br /><b>winner</b>, 1998 award in the category <b>TV</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards ceremonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/1997_Webby_Awards" title="1997 Webby Awards">1997</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1998_Webby_Awards" title="1998 Webby Awards">1998</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1999_Webby_Awards" title="1999 Webby Awards">1999</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2000_Webby_Awards" title="2000 Webby Awards">2000</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2001_Webby_Awards" title="2001 Webby Awards">2001</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2002_Webby_Awards" title="2002 Webby Awards">2002</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2003_Webby_Awards" title="2003 Webby Awards">2003</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2004_Webby_Awards" title="2004 Webby Awards">2004</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2005_Webby_Awards" title="2005 Webby Awards">2005</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2006_Webby_Awards" title="2006 Webby Awards">2006</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2007_Webby_Awards" title="2007 Webby Awards">2007</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2008_Webby_Awards" title="2008 Webby Awards">2008</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2009_Webby_Awards" title="2009 Webby Awards">2009</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2010_Webby_Awards" title="2010 Webby Awards">2010</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2011_Webby_Awards" title="2011 Webby Awards">2011</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2012_Webby_Awards" title="2012 Webby Awards">2012</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2013_Webby_Awards" title="2013 Webby Awards">2013</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2014_Webby_Awards" title="2014 Webby Awards">2014</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2015_Webby_Awards" title="2015 Webby Awards">2015</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2016_Webby_Awards" title="2016 Webby Awards">2016</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2017_Webby_Awards" title="2017 Webby Awards">2017</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2018_Webby_Awards" title="2018 Webby Awards">2018</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_Webby_Awards" title="2019 Webby Awards">2019</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_Webby_Awards" title="2020 Webby Awards">2020</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Webby_Awards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2021 Webby Awards (page does not exist)">2021</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022_Webby_Awards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2022 Webby Awards (page does not exist)">2022</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Webby_Award_winners" title="List of Webby Award winners">List of winners</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Related_navigational_templates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Related_navigational_templates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related navigational templates</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sports_television_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Sports television in the United States">Sports television in the United States</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:American_broadcast_television" title="Template:American broadcast television">American broadcast television</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Radio_Network" title="Template:World Radio Network">World Radio Network</a></li></ul>
</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215616#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215616#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215616#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000403681518">ISNI</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/125714574">VIAF</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb140483667">France</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb140483667">BnF data</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007266743605171">Israel</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86134532">United States</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07229167?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/label/e4cebc64-776b-4039-8e80-6ca42dd3df22">MusicBrainz label</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/150147023">IdRef</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=PBS&params=38.8621_N_77.0503_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°51′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°03′01″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.8621°N 77.0503°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.8621; -77.0503</span></span></span></a></span></span>
</p></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node ($1) (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change ($1) (timestamp) | '1709963687' |