Examine individual changes

[ 0 => '{{Short description|Borough in New York City}}', 1 => '{{About|the borough in New York City}}', 2 => '{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2020}}', 3 => '{{Infobox settlement', 4 => '<!--See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields that may be available-->', 5 => '<!--See the Table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->', 6 => '<!-- Basic info ---------------->', 7 => ' | name = Staten Island', 8 => ' | official_name = ', 9 => ' | other_name = Richmond County, New York<!-- Don't change without discussion -->', 10 => ' | native_name = ', 11 => ' | settlement_type = [[Boroughs of New York City|Borough]] and [[List of counties in New York|county]]', 12 => ' | total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->', 13 => ' | motto = ', 14 => '<!-- images and maps ----------->', 15 => ' | image_skyline = {{multiple image', 16 => ' | total_width = 300', 17 => ' | border = infobox', 18 => ' | perrow = 1/2/3', 19 => ' | caption_align = center', 20 => ' | image1 = StatenIsland-12 (36416069985).jpg', 21 => ' | caption1 = The [[Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge]]', 22 => ' | image4 = Snug Harbor Main Hall.jpg', 23 => ' | caption4 = Main hall of [[Sailors' Snug Harbor]]', 24 => ' | image3 = Spirit of America - Staten Island Ferry.jpg', 25 => ' | caption3 = [[Staten Island Ferry]]', 26 => ' | image2 = St. George Ferry Terminal, Staten Island, New York City, 20231002 1621 1749.jpg', 27 => ' | caption2 = [[St. George, Staten Island|St. George]] skyline', 28 => ' | image5 = RIchmondTownSI.jpg', 29 => ' | caption5 = [[Historic Richmond Town]]', 30 => ' | image6 = Old Church of St Joachim and St Anne - Mt Loretto - Staten Island - Aug 2015.JPG', 31 => ' |caption6 = [[Old Church of St. Joachim and St. Anne|Mount Loretto Church]]}}', 32 => ' | image_flag = Flag of the Borough of Staten Island.svg', 33 => ' | flag_size = 120px', 34 => ' | image_seal = Seal of Staten Island 2016.svg', 35 => ' | seal_size = 85px', 36 => ' | image_shield = ', 37 => ' | shield_size = ', 38 => ' | image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|fill=#ffffff|fill-opacity=0|stroke-width=3}}', 39 => ' | mapsize = ', 40 => ' | map_caption = Interactive map outlining Staten Island', 41 => ' | image_map1 = Map of New York highlighting Richmond County.svg', 42 => ' | map_caption1 = Location within the state of New York', 43 => '<!-- Location ------------------>', 44 => ' | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]', 45 => ' | subdivision_name = United States', 46 => ' | subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]', 47 => ' | subdivision_name1 = [[New York (state)|New York]]', 48 => ' | subdivision_type2 = County', 49 => ' | subdivision_name2 = Richmond (coterminous)', 50 => ' | subdivision_type3 = City', 51 => ' | subdivision_name3 = [[New York City|New York]]', 52 => '<!-- Politics ----------------->', 53 => ' | government_footnotes = ', 54 => ' | government_type = [[Boroughs of New York City|Borough]]', 55 => ' | leader_title = [[Borough president]]', 56 => ' | leader_name = [[Vito Fossella]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])<br />— ''(Borough of Staten Island)''', 57 => ' | leader_title1 = [[District Attorney]]', 58 => ' | leader_name1 = [[Michael McMahon]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])<br />— ''(Richmond County)''', 59 => ' | established_title = Settled', 60 => ' | established_date = 1661', 61 => ' | named_for = {{unbulleted list|[[States General of the Netherlands]] (Staten Island)|[[Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond]] (Richmond County)}}', 62 => '<!-- Area --------------------->', 63 => ' | unit_pref = imperial', 64 => ' | area_footnotes = ', 65 => ' | area_total_sq_mi = 102.5', 66 => ' | area_land_sq_mi = 58.5', 67 => ' | area_water_sq_mi = 44', 68 => ' | area_water_percent = 43', 69 => '<!-- Dimensions ----------->', 70 => ' | length_mi = 13.7', 71 => ' | width_mi = 8.0', 72 => ' | dimensions_footnotes =', 73 => ' <!-- Elevation -------------------------->', 74 => ' | elevation_footnotes = [[Todt Hill]]', 75 => ' | elevation_m = ', 76 => ' | elevation_ft = ', 77 => ' | elevation_max_m = ', 78 => ' | elevation_max_ft = 400', 79 => ' | elevation_min_m = ', 80 => ' | elevation_min_ft = ', 81 => '<!-- Population ----------------------->', 82 => ' | population_as_of = 2020', 83 => ' | population_footnotes = <ref name=2020CensusMap>{{cite web |url=https://mtgis-portal.geo.census.gov/arcgis/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=2566121a73de463995ed2b2fd7ff6eb7 |title=2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=August 12, 2021}}</ref>', 84 => ' | population_note = ', 85 => ' | population_total = 495,747', 86 => ' | population_density_sq_mi = 8,618.3', 87 => ' | population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]]', 88 => ' | population_blank1 = Staten Islander<ref>Moynihan, Colin. [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/19/nyregion/fyi-530409.html "F.Y.I."], ''[[The New York Times]]'', September 19, 1999. Retrieved December 17, 2019. "There are well-known names for inhabitants of four boroughs: Manhattanites, Brooklynites, Bronxites and Staten Islanders. But what are residents of Queens called?"</ref>', 89 => ' <!-- GDP ----------->', 90 => '| demographics_type2 = GDP', 91 => '| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="bea.gov">{{cite web |url = https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/files/2023-12/lagdp1223.pdf |title = Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area, 2022|publisher = [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]] }}</ref>', 92 => '|demographics2_title1 = Total', 93 => '|demographics2_info1 = US$17.539 billion (2022) ', 94 => '', 95 => '<!-- General information --------------->', 96 => ' | timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern Standard Time]]', 97 => ' | utc_offset = −5', 98 => ' | timezone_DST = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern Daylight Time]]', 99 => ' | utc_offset_DST = −4', 100 => ' | coordinates = {{coord|40|34|19|N|74|8|49|W|region:US-NY|display=inline,title}}', 101 => ' | postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]] prefix', 102 => ' | postal_code = 103', 103 => ' | area_code = [[Area codes 718, 347, and 929|718/347/929]], [[Area code 917|917]]', 104 => ' | area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]', 105 => ' | website = {{URL|www.statenislandusa.com}}', 106 => ' | footnotes = ', 107 => '}}', 108 => '', 109 => ''''Staten Island ''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|t|æ|t|ən}} {{respell|STAT|ən}}) is the southernmost [[Boroughs of New York City|borough]] of [[New York City]], coextensive with '''Richmond County''' and situated at the southern tip of the [[U.S. state]] of [[New York (state)|New York]]. The borough is separated from the adjacent state of [[New Jersey]] by the [[Arthur Kill]] and the [[Kill Van Kull]] and from the rest of New York by [[New York Bay]]. With a population of 495,747 in the [[2020 United States Census|2020 Census]],<ref name="2020CensusMap2">{{cite web|title=State and County QuickFacts – Richmond County (Staten Island Borough), New York|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/richmondcountystatenislandboroughnewyork/PST045217|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=March 31, 2018}}</ref> Staten Island is the least populated New York City borough but the third largest in land area at {{convert|58.5|sqmi|km2|0|abbr=on}}; it is also the least densely populated and most [[suburb]]an borough in the city.', 110 => '', 111 => 'A home to the [[Lenape]] indigenous people, the island was settled by Dutch colonists in the 17th century. It was one of the 12 original counties of New York state. Staten Island was [[City of Greater New York|consolidated with New York City in 1898]]. It was formerly known as the '''Borough of Richmond''' until 1975, when its name was changed to Borough of Staten Island.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nypl.org/branch/staten/history/timeline5.html', 112 => ' |title= Timeline of Staten Island – 1900s – Present', 113 => ' |publisher=[[New York Public Library]]', 114 => ' |access-date=January 16, 2006', 115 => '|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060113221845/http://www.nypl.org/branch/staten/history/timeline5.html |archive-date = January 13, 2006}}</ref> Staten Island has sometimes been called "the forgotten borough" by inhabitants who feel neglected by the [[Government of New York City|city government]].<ref>{{cite news', 116 => ' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/30/magazine/escape-from-new-york.html?scp=6&sq=%22the+forgotten+borough%22+government', 117 => ' |title=Escape From New York', 118 => ' |last=Brown', 119 => ' |first=Chip', 120 => ' |work=[[The New York Times]]', 121 => ' |date=January 30, 1994', 122 => '|access-date=January 14, 2008', 123 => '|quote=Given their status as residents of "the forgotten borough" – the sorry Cinderella sister in New York's dysfunctional family – maybe the giddiest aspect of all was the attention.', 124 => '}}</ref><ref name="NYT_Bohemia">{{cite news', 125 => ' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/07/nyregion/thecity/07hips.html?_r=2&scp=1&sq=%22the+forgotten+borough%22&oref=slogin', 126 => ' |title=Bohemia by the Bay', 127 => ' |last=Buckley', 128 => ' |first=Cara', 129 => ' |work=[[The New York Times]]', 130 => ' |date=October 7, 2007', 131 => '|access-date=January 14, 2008', 132 => '|quote=Even as New York's hip young things invade and colonize neighborhoods near, far and out of state, Staten Island has stayed stubbornly uncool. It remains the forgotten borough.', 133 => '}}</ref> It has also been referred to as the "borough of parks" due to its 12,300 acres of protected parkland and over 170 parks.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Editorial |first=Staten Island Advance |date=2013-04-28 |title=The Borough of Parks: Inventory of protected Staten Island parkland keeps growing |url=https://www.silive.com/opinion/2013/04/the_borough_of_parks_inventory.html |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=silive |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2023 |title=Parks You Must Visit on Staten Island |url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/highlights/parks-you-must-visit-on-staten-island |url-status=live |website=NYC Parks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226114952/https://www.nycgovparks.org/highlights/parks-you-must-visit-on-staten-island |archive-date=Dec 26, 2022}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2021-03-17 |title=The Greenest Borough |url=https://freshkillspark.org/blog/the-greenest-borough |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=Freshkills Park |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Staten Island Parks - The Peopling of New York City |url=https://macaulay.cuny.edu/seminars/bellamy10/articles/s/t/a/Staten_Island_Parks_55d6.html |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=macaulay.cuny.edu}}</ref>', 134 => '', 135 => 'The [[North Shore, Staten Island|North Shore]]—especially the neighborhoods of [[St. George, Staten Island|St. George]], [[Tompkinsville, Staten Island|Tompkinsville]], [[Clifton, Staten Island|Clifton]], and [[Stapleton, Staten Island|Stapleton]]—is the island's most urban area. It contains the designated St. George Historic District and the St. Paul's Avenue-Stapleton Heights Historic District, which feature large Victorian houses. The [[East Shore, Staten Island|East Shore]] is home to the {{convert|2+1/2|mi|km|0|abbr=off|sp=us|adj=on}} [[South Beach–Franklin Delano Roosevelt Boardwalk|FDR Boardwalk]], the world's fourth-longest [[boardwalk]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.si-web.com/Recreation/SouthBeach.html |title=South Beach & FDR Boardwalk of Staten Island, NYC |publisher=Si-web.com |access-date=January 11, 2012 |archive-date=September 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904234534/http://www.si-web.com/Recreation/SouthBeach.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[South Shore, Staten Island|South Shore]], site of the 17th-century Dutch and [[Huguenots|French Huguenot]] settlement, developed rapidly beginning in the 1960s and 1970s and is now mostly suburban. The [[West Shore, Staten Island|West Shore]] is the island's least populated and most industrial part.', 136 => '', 137 => 'Motor traffic can reach the borough from [[Brooklyn]] by the [[Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge]] and from New Jersey by the [[Outerbridge Crossing]], [[Goethals Bridge]] and [[Bayonne Bridge]]. Staten Island has [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority|Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA)]] [[MTA Regional Bus Operations|bus lines]] and an MTA rapid transit line, the [[Staten Island Railway]], which runs from the ferry terminal at St. George to [[Tottenville, Staten Island|Tottenville]]. Staten Island is the only borough not connected to the [[New York City Subway]] system. The free [[Staten Island Ferry]] connects the borough to [[Manhattan]] across [[New York Harbor]]. It provides views of the [[Statue of Liberty]], [[Ellis Island]], and [[Lower Manhattan]].', 138 => '', 139 => '==History==', 140 => '{{For timeline}}', 141 => '', 142 => '===Indigenous Inhabitants / Native Americans===', 143 => 'As in much of North America, human habitation appeared on the island fairly rapidly after the [[Wisconsin glaciation]]. Archaeologists have recovered tool evidence of [[Clovis culture]] activity dating from about 14,000 years ago. This evidence was first discovered in 1917 in the Charleston section of the island. Various Clovis artifacts have been discovered since then, on property owned by [[Mobil|Mobil Oil]].', 144 => '', 145 => 'The island was probably abandoned later, possibly because of the [[local extinction|extirpation]] of large mammals on the island. Evidence of the first permanent [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] settlements and agriculture are thought to date from about 5,000 years ago,<ref name="Jackson, 1995">Jackson, 1995</ref> although [[Archaic period (North America)|early archaic]] habitation evidence has been found in multiple locations on the island.<ref>Ritchie, 1963</ref>', 146 => '', 147 => '[[Rossville points]] are distinct arrowheads that define a Native American cultural period from the [[Archaic period (North America)|Archaic period]] to the Early [[Woodland period]], dating from about 1500 to 100&nbsp;BC. They are named for the [[Rossville, Staten Island|Rossville]] section of Staten Island, where they were first found near the old Rossville Post Office building.<ref>''Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History'', Volumes 3–4 By American Museum of Natural History</ref>', 148 => '', 149 => '[[File:Burial Ridge Skeletons.jpg|thumb|right|Skeletons unearthed at [[Burial Ridge|Lenape burial ground]] in Staten Island, the largest pre-European burial ground in New York City]]', 150 => 'At the time of European contact, the island was inhabited by the [[Raritan people|Raritan band]] of the [[Unami language|Unami]] division of the [[Lenape]]. In [[Delaware languages|Lenape]], one of the [[Algonquian languages]], Staten Island was called {{lang|del|Aquehonga Manacknong}}, meaning "as far as the place of the bad woods", or {{lang|del|Eghquhous}}, meaning "the bad woods".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IswpAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1|title=History of Richmond County (Staten Island), New York|last1=Bayles|first1=Richard Mather|year=1887}}</ref> The area was part of the Lenape homeland known as [[Lenapehoking]]. The Lenape were later called the "Delaware" by the English colonists because they inhabited both shores of what the English named the [[Delaware River]].', 151 => '', 152 => 'The island was laced with Native American foot trails, one of which followed the south side of the ridge near the course of present-day Richmond Road and [[Amboy Road]]. The Lenape did not live in fixed encampments but moved seasonally, using [[Slash-and-burn|slash and burn]] agriculture. [[Shellfish]] was a staple of their diet, including the Eastern oyster (''[[Eastern oyster|Crassostrea virginica]]'') abundant in the waterways throughout the present-day New York City region. Evidence of their habitation can still be seen in shell [[midden]]s along the shore in the Tottenville section, where oyster shells larger than {{convert|12|in|mm}} are sometimes found.', 153 => '', 154 => '[[Ward's Point|Burial Ridge]], a Lenape burial ground on a bluff overlooking [[Raritan Bay]] in [[Tottenville, Staten Island|Tottenville]], is the largest pre-European burial ground in New York City.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022|reason=Exceptional claims require exceptional sources.}} Bodies have been reported unearthed at Burial Ridge from 1858 onward. After conducting independent research, which included unearthing bodies interred at the site, ethnologist and archaeologist [[George H. Pepper]] was contracted in 1895 to conduct paid archaeological research at Burial Ridge by the [[American Museum of Natural History]]. The burial ground today is unmarked and lies within [[Conference House Park]].', 155 => '', 156 => '===European settlement===', 157 => 'The first recorded European contact on the island was in 1524 by Italian explorer [[Giovanni da Verrazzano]] who sailed through [[The Narrows]] on the ship ''[[La Dauphine]]'' and anchored for one night.', 158 => '', 159 => 'The Dutch did not establish a permanent settlement on {{lang|nl|Staaten Eylandt}} for many decades. Its name derived from the [[States General of the Netherlands|Staten Generaal]], the parliament of the [[Dutch Republic|Republic of the Seven United Netherlands]]. From 1639 to 1655, [[Cornelis Melyn]] and [[David Pietersz. de Vries|David de Vries]] made three separate attempts to establish one there, but each time the settlement was destroyed in conflicts between the Dutch and the local tribe.<ref name=island>[[Russell Shorto]], ''The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony that Shaped America.'' First Edition. New York City: Vintage Books (a Division of Random House, 2004), {{ISBN|1-4000-7867-9}}</ref> In 1661, the first permanent Dutch settlement was established at {{lang|nl|Oude Dorp}} (Dutch for "Old Village") by a small group of Dutch, [[Walloons|Walloon]], and French [[Huguenots|Huguenot]] families,<ref name="ellis-p55">{{cite book |title=The Epic of New York City |author=Ellis, Edward Robb |publisher=Old Town Books |year=1966 |page=55}}</ref> just south of the Narrows near South Beach. Many French Huguenots had gone to the Netherlands as refugees from the religious wars in France, suffering persecution for their Protestant faith, and some joined the emigration to New Netherland. At one point nearly a third of the residents of the Island spoke French.<ref>[http://blog.silive.com/memories_column/2014/07/staten_island_might_well_have_been_called_huguenot_island.html Memories: Staten Island might well have been called Huguenot Island]. Retrieved February 11, 2018.</ref> The last vestige of Oude Dorp is the name of the present-day neighborhood of [[Old Town, Staten Island|Old Town]] adjacent to Old Town Road.<ref>Scheltema, Gajus and Westerhuijs, Heleen (eds.), ''Exploring Historic Dutch New York''. Museum of the City of New York/Dover Publications, New York (2011) {{ISBN|978-0-486-48637-6}}</ref>', 160 => '', 161 => 'Staten Island was not spared the bloodshed that culminated in [[Kieft's War]]. In the summer of 1641 and in 1642, Native American tribes laid waste to Old Town.<ref>Morris pgs.188-189</ref>', 162 => '', 163 => '[[File:Vorleezer-house.jpg|thumb|right|[[Voorlezer's House]]]]', 164 => '[[File:Perine-house.JPG|thumb|right|[[Billiou–Stillwell–Perine House]]]]', 165 => '', 166 => '===Richmond County===', 167 => 'At the end of the [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]] in 1667, the Dutch ceded New Netherland to England in the [[Treaty of Breda (1667)|Treaty of Breda]], and the Dutch {{lang|nl|Staaten Eylandt}}, [[anglicisation|anglicized]] as "Staten Island", became part of the new English [[province of New York|colony of New York]].', 168 => '', 169 => 'In 1670, the Native Americans ceded all claims to Staten Island to the English in a deed to Governor [[Francis Lovelace]]. In 1671, in order to encourage an expansion of the Dutch settlements, the English resurveyed {{lang|nl|Oude Dorp}} (which became known as 'Old Town') and expanded the lots along the shore to the south. These lots were settled primarily by Dutch families and became known as {{lang|nl|Nieuwe Dorp}} (meaning 'New Village'), which later became anglicized as [[New Dorp, Staten Island|New Dorp]].', 170 => '', 171 => 'Captain [[Christopher Billopp (Royal Navy officer)|Christopher Billopp]], after years of distinguished service in the Royal Navy, came to America in 1674 along with the newly appointed royal governor of New York and the Jerseys Sir Edmund Andros, in charge of a company of infantry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://conferencehouse.org/about/history/ |title=The Conference House Museum's role in shaping of American History}}</ref> The following year, he settled on Staten Island, where he was granted a patent for {{convert|932|acre|km2|1}} of land. According to one version of an oft-repeated but apocryphal tale,<ref name=":0" /> Captain Billopp's seamanship secured Staten Island to New York, rather than to New Jersey: the island would belong to New York if the captain could circumnavigate it in one day, which he did. This story is most likely untrue, due to conflicting information on the time Christopher Billopp took to complete the race and whether he received a personal prize or not. Mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]] perpetuated the myth by referring to it at a news conference in Brooklyn on February 20, 2007.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Chan |first=Sewell |title=That Old Tale About S.I.? Hold On Now |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 21, 2007 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/21/nyregion/21mayor.html }}</ref> Reliable historical documentation of the event is extremely sparse, however, and most historians conclude that it is entirely apocryphal. In 2007, ''[[The New York Times]]'' addressed the issue in a news article, which concluded that this event was heavily embellished over the years and almost certainly originated in local folklore.<ref name=":0" /> [[YouTube]] personality [[CGP Grey]] addressed the story of the Staten Island race and its historical discrepancies in a 2019 video,<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Race to Win Staten Island|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ex74x_gqTU0| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/Ex74x_gqTU0| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|last=CGP Grey|date=September 12, 2019|website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> in which he concluded that Gabriel Disosway, a local chronicler in Staten Island, was responsible for originating the legend in the mid-1800s.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stein |first1=Mark |title=A boat race determined Staten Island's fate, legend says. But is it true? CGP Grey seeks answers. |url=https://www.silive.com/news/2019/09/a-boat-race-determined-staten-islands-fate-legend-says-but-is-it-true-cgp-grey-seeks-answers.html |access-date=September 14, 2019 |work=silive.com |publisher=[[Staten Island Advance]] |date=September 13, 2019}}</ref>', 172 => '', 173 => 'In 1683, the colony of New York was divided into ten counties. As part of this process, Staten Island, as well as several minor neighboring islands, was designated as ''Richmond County''. The name derives from the title of [[Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond]], an illegitimate son of King [[Charles II of England|Charles II]].', 174 => '', 175 => 'In 1687 and 1688, the English divided the island into four administrative divisions based on natural features: the {{convert|5100|acre|km2|adj=on}} manorial estate of colonial governor [[Thomas Dongan, 2nd Earl of Limerick|Thomas Dongan]] in the northeastern hills known as the "Lordship or Manor of Cassiltown", along with the North, South, and West divisions. These divisions later evolved into the four towns of [[Castleton, Staten Island|Castleton]], [[Northfield, Staten Island|Northfield]], [[Southfield, Staten Island|Southfield]], and [[Westfield, Staten Island|Westfield]]. In 1698, the population was 727.<ref name="Rosenwaike">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/populationhistor00irar/page/12|author1=Evarts Boutell Greene|author2=Virginia Draper Harrington|chapter=American Population Before the Federal Census of 1790|location=Syracuse, New York|year=1932|publisher=Syracuse University Press|page=12|isbn=0-8156-2155-8|title=Population History of New York City|editor-last=Rosenwaike|editor-first=Ira}}</ref>', 176 => '', 177 => 'The government granted land patents in rectangular blocks of {{convert|80|acre|m2}}, with the most desirable lands along the coastline and inland waterways. By 1708, the entire island had been divided up in this fashion, creating 166 small farms and two large manorial estates, the Dongan estate and a {{convert|1600|acre|km2|abbr=on}} parcel on the southwestern tip of the island belonging to Christopher Billopp.<ref name="Jackson, 1995"/>', 178 => '', 179 => 'The first county seat was established in New Dorp in what was called Stony Brook at the time.<ref>Morris, Ira. Morris's Memorial History of Staten Island, New York, Volume 1. 1898, page 40</ref> In 1729, the county seat was moved to the village of Richmond Town, located at the headwaters of the [[Fresh Kills]] near the center of the island. By 1771, the island's population had grown to 2,847.<ref name="Rosenwaike"/>', 180 => '', 181 => '===18th century and the American Revolution===', 182 => '[[File:WilliamHowe1777ColorMezzotint.jpeg|thumb|right|upright|[[William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe|Sir William Howe]] established his headquarters at the Rose and Crown Tavern at New Dorp Lane and Richmond Road prior to the invasions of Long Island and Manhattan.]]', 183 => '', 184 => 'Staten Islanders were solidly supportive of the Crown, and the island played a significant role in the [[American Revolutionary War]]. General [[George Washington]] once called Islanders "our most inveterate enemies".<ref>Lundigran, Margaret. Staten Island:Isle of the Bay, 2004 page 136.</ref>', 185 => '', 186 => 'As support of independence spread throughout the colonies, residents of the island were so uninterested that no representatives were sent to the [[First Continental Congress]], the only county in New York to not send anyone. This had economic repercussions in the months up through 1776, where New Jersey towns such as Elizabethport, [[Woodbridge Township, New Jersey|Woodbridge]], and [[Dover, New Jersey|Dover]] instituted boycotts on doing business with islanders.<ref>Papas, pgs 28-30</ref>', 187 => '', 188 => 'On March 17, 1776, the British forces under [[William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe|Sir William Howe]] evacuated [[Boston]] and sailed for [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]]. From Halifax, Howe prepared to attack New York City, which then consisted entirely of the southern end of [[Manhattan|Manhattan Island]]. General [[George Washington]] led the entire [[Continental Army]] to New York City in anticipation of the British attack. Howe used the strategic location of Staten Island as a staging ground for the invasion.', 189 => '', 190 => 'Over 140 British ships arrived over the summer of 1776 and anchored off the shores of Staten Island at the entrance to New York Harbor. The British soldiers and [[Hessian (soldier)|Hessian mercenaries]] numbered about 30,000. Howe established his headquarters in New Dorp at the [[Rose and Crown Tavern]], near the junction of present New Dorp Lane and Richmond Road. There the representatives of the British government reportedly received their first notification of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]].', 191 => '', 192 => 'In August 1776, the British forces crossed the Narrows to Brooklyn and [[flanking maneuver|outflanked]] the American forces at the [[Battle of Long Island]], resulting in the British control of the harbor and the capture of New York City shortly afterwards. Three weeks later, on September 11, 1776, Sir William's brother, [[Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe|Lord Howe]], received a delegation of Americans consisting of [[Benjamin Franklin]], [[Edward Rutledge]], and [[John Adams]] at the [[Conference House]] on the southwestern tip of the island on the former estate of Christopher Billopp. The Americans refused a peace offer from Howe in exchange for withdrawing the Declaration of Independence, and the conference ended without an agreement.', 193 => '[[File:Conference-house-staten-island.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Conference House]]]]', 194 => '', 195 => 'On August 22, 1777, the [[Battle of Staten Island]] occurred between the British forces and several companies of the [[2nd Canadian Regiment]] fighting alongside other American companies. The battle was inconclusive, though both sides surrendered over a hundred troops as prisoners. The Americans finally withdrew.', 196 => '', 197 => 'In early 1780, while the [[Kill Van Kull]] was frozen over, [[William Alexander, Lord Stirling|Lord Stirling]] led an unsuccessful Patriot raid from New Jersey on the western shore of Staten Island. It was repulsed in part by troops led by British Commander [[Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings]].', 198 => '', 199 => 'In June 1780, [[Wilhelm von Knyphausen]], commander of Britain's [[Hessian (soldier)|Hessian auxiliaries]], led many raids and a full assault into New Jersey from Staten Island with the aim of defeating [[George Washington]] and the [[Continental Army]]. Although the raids were successful in the Newark and Elizabeth areas, the advance was halted at Connecticut Farms (Union) and the [[Battle of Springfield (1780)|Battle of Springfield]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Fleming |first=Thomas |author-link=Thomas Fleming (historian) |title=The Forgotten Victory: The Battle for New Jersey – 1780 |location=New York |publisher=Reader's Digest Press |year=1973 |isbn=0-88349-003-X |url=https://archive.org/details/forgottenvictory00flem }}</ref>', 200 => '', 201 => 'British forces remained on Staten Island for the remainder of the war. Most [[Patriot (American Revolution)|Patriots]] fled after the British occupation, and the sentiment of those who remained was predominantly [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]]. Even so, the islanders found the demands of supporting the troops to be heavy. The British army kept headquarters in neighborhoods such as [[Bulls Head, Staten Island|Bulls Head]]. Many buildings and churches were destroyed for their materials, and the military's demand for resources resulted in an extensive [[deforestation]] by the end of the war. The British army again used the island as a staging ground for its final evacuation of New York City on December 5, 1783. After their departure, many Loyalist landowners, such as [[Christopher Billop]], the family of Canadian historian [[Peter Fisher (historian)|Peter Fisher]], John Dunn, who founded [[St. Andrews, New Brunswick]], and [[Abraham Jones (New York politician)|Abraham Jones]], fled to Canada, and their estates were subdivided and sold.', 202 => '', 203 => 'Staten Island was occupied by the British longer than any single part of the Thirteen Colonies.<ref>[http://blog.silive.com/memories_column/2014/07/staten_island_a_loyalist_stronghold_during_revolutionary_war.html Staten Island a Loyalist stronghold during Revolutionary War] Retrieved December 1, 2018</ref>', 204 => '', 205 => '===19th century===', 206 => '[[File:RichmondtownStreet.jpg|thumb|right|[[Historic Richmond Town]] museum complex is located in the [[Historic Richmond Town|heart of Staten Island]].]]', 207 => 'On July 4, 1827, the end of slavery in New York state was celebrated at Swan Hotel, in the West Brighton neighborhood. Rooms at the hotel were reserved months in advance as local abolitionists, including prominent free blacks, prepared for the festivities. Speeches, pageants, picnics, and fireworks marked the celebration, which lasted for two days. ', 208 => '', 209 => 'In the early 19th century, New Jersey and New York disputed the location of their maritime boundary. The original charters were of no help because they were worded ambiguously. New York argued that the eastern edge of New Jersey was located at the [[Hudson River]]'s shoreline during high tide, which would give New York control of all the docks and wharves on the Hudson River. New Jersey argued that the maritime boundary should be down the middle of the Hudson River and then continue out to the Atlantic Ocean, which would give New Jersey control of the docks and wharves as well as Staten Island. [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[Martin Van Buren]] negotiated a compromise that established the maritime boundary in the middle of the Hudson River and gave Staten Island to New York. [[Ellis Island]] and [[Bedloe's Island]], both uninhabited at the time, also became controlled by New Jersey.<ref>Fruhlinger, Josh (April 6, 2018). "[https://www.villagevoice.com/2018/04/06/so-why-is-staten-island-a-part-of-new-york-anyway/ So Why Is Staten Island a Part of New York, Anyway?]". ''The Village Voice''.</ref>', 210 => '', 211 => 'From 1800 to 1858, Staten Island was the location of the largest quarantine facility in the United States. Angry residents burned down the hospital compound in 1858 in a series of attacks known as the [[Staten Island Quarantine War]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stephenson|first=Kathryn|date=January 1, 2004|title=The Quarantine War: the Burning of the New York Marine Hospital in 1858|journal=Public Health Reports|volume=119|issue=1|pages=79–92|doi=10.1177/003335490411900114|pmid=15147652|pmc=1502261}}</ref>', 212 => '', 213 => 'In 1860, parts of Castleton and Southfield were made into a new town, [[Middletown, Staten Island|Middletown]]. The Village of New Brighton in the town of Castleton was incorporated in 1866, and in 1872 the Village of New Brighton annexed all the remainder of the Town of Castleton and became coterminous with the town.', 214 => '', 215 => 'An 1887 movement to incorporate Staten Island as a city ended up resulting in nothing.<ref>{{Cite news|date= February 3, 1887 |title= Staten Island to Be a City |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1887/02/03/archives/staten-island-to-be-a-city.html |access-date= September 28, 2021 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>', 216 => '', 217 => '===Consolidation with New York City===', 218 => '[[File:NEW HOUSING ON STATEN ISLAND - NARA - 547837.jpg|thumb|right|New housing on Staten Island, 1973. Photo by [[Arthur Tress]].]]', 219 => '[[File:US Navy 070528-N-5758H-116.jpg|thumb|right|US Navy ships tied up at the home port pier during [[Fleet Week]] in 2007]]', 220 => 'The towns of Staten Island were dissolved in 1898 with the consolidation of the [[City of Greater New York]], as Richmond County became one of the [[Boroughs of New York City|five boroughs]] of the expanded city. Although consolidated into the City of Greater New York in 1898, the county sheriff of Staten Island maintained control of the jail system, unlike the other boroughs, which had gradually transferred control of the jails to the Department of Correction. The jail system was not transferred until January 1, 1942. Staten Island is the only borough without a New York City Department of Correction major detention center.', 221 => '', 222 => 'The construction of the [[Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge]], along with the other three major Staten Island bridges, created a new way for commuters and tourists to travel from New Jersey to Brooklyn, Manhattan, and areas farther east on [[Long Island]]. The network of highways running between the bridges has effectively carved up many of Staten Island's old neighborhoods. The bridge opened many areas of the borough to residential and commercial development from the 1960s onward, especially in the central and southern parts of the borough, which had been largely undeveloped. Staten Island's population doubled from 221,991 in 1960 to 443,728 in 2000.<ref>{{cite web | title=New York City Population by Borough, 1950 - 2040 | website=NYC Open Data | date=February 7, 2020 | url=https://data.cityofnewyork.us/City-Government/New-York-City-Population-by-Borough-1950-2040/xywu-7bv9 | access-date=November 27, 2020}}</ref> Nevertheless, Staten Island remained less developed than the rest of the city. A ''New York Times'' article in 1972 stated that despite the borough having 333,000 residents, parts of the island still maintained a bucolic atmosphere with woods and marshes.<ref>{{cite web | title=Staten Island: The City's Offshore Bucolic Niche | website=The New York Times | date=July 18, 1972 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/07/18/archives/staten-island-the-citys-offshore-bucolic-niche-staten-island-offers.html | access-date=September 21, 2019}}</ref>', 223 => '', 224 => 'Throughout the 1980s, a movement to [[Partition and secession in New York#Staten Island secession from New York City|secede from the city]] steadily grew in popularity, notably championed by longtime New York state senator and former [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] mayoral nominee [[John J. Marchi]]. The campaign reached its peak during the mayoral term of [[David Dinkins]] (1990–1993), after the U.S. Supreme Court invalidated the [[New York City Board of Estimate]], which had given equal representation to the five boroughs. Dinkins and the city government opposed a non-binding secession referendum, contending that the vote should not be permitted by the state unless the city issued a [[home rule]] message supporting it, which the city would not. [[Governor (United States)|Governor]] [[Mario Cuomo]] disagreed, and the vote went forward in 1993. Ultimately, 65% of Staten island residents voted to secede through the approval of a new [[Municipal charter|city charter]] making Staten Island an independent [[Administrative divisions of New York (state)|city]], but implementation was blocked in the [[New York State Assembly|State Assembly]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/05/nyregion/home-rule-factor-may-block-si-secession.html|title='Home Rule' Factor May Block S.I. Secession|last=McFadden|first=Robert D.|date=March 5, 1994|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 20, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.silive.com/news/2019/11/forgotten-borough-no-more-borelli-moves-forward-with-plan-to-revive-island-secession-from-new-york-city.html|title=Forgotten borough no more: Borelli moves forward with plan to revive Island secession from New York City|last=Kashiwagi|first=Sydney|date=November 8, 2019|website=silive|language=en|access-date=November 11, 2019}}</ref>', 225 => '', 226 => 'In the 1980s, the [[United States Navy]] had a base on Staten Island called [[Naval Station New York]]. It had two sections: a [[Strategic Homeport]] in [[Stapleton, Staten Island|Stapleton]] and a larger section near [[Fort Wadsworth]], where the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge enters the island. The base was closed in 1994 through the [[Base Realignment and Closure]] process because of its small size and the expense of basing personnel there.', 227 => '[[File:Staten island south beach.jpg|thumb|Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge from the South Beach on Staten Island.]]', 228 => '[[Fresh Kills]] and its tributaries are part of the largest tidal wetland ecosystem in the region. Its creeks and wetlands have been designated a Significant Coastal Fish and Wildlife Habitat by the [[New York State Department of Environmental Conservation]]. Opened along Fresh Kills as a "temporary landfill" in 1947, the [[Fresh Kills Landfill]] was a repository of trash for the city of New York. The landfill, once the world's largest man-made structure,<ref>', 229 => '{{cite book', 230 => ' | last = John', 231 => ' | first = Lloyd', 232 => ' | author-link = John Lloyd (writer)', 233 => ' |author2=Mitchinson, John |author-link2=John Mitchinson (researcher)', 234 => ' | title = QI: The Book of General Ignorance', 235 => ' | publisher = Faber and Faber', 236 => ' | date = October 5, 2006', 237 => ' | pages = 114–115', 238 => ' | isbn = 0-571-23368-6| title-link = The Book of General Ignorance', 239 => ' }}</ref> was closed in 2001,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/fkl/ada/about/1_2.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070603045619/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/fkl/ada/about/1_2.html|title=Fresh Kills:Landfill to Landscape|archive-date=June 3, 2007|via=archive.org}}</ref> but it was briefly reopened for the debris from [[World Trade Center site|Ground Zero]] following the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001. It is being converted into a park almost three times the size of [[Central Park]] and the largest park to be developed in New York City in over 100 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Freshkills Park |url=https://freshkillspark.org/ |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=Freshkills Park |language=en-US}}</ref> Plans for the park include a bird-nesting island, public roads, boardwalks, soccer and baseball fields, bridle paths, and a 5,000-seat stadium.<ref>{{cite web', 240 => ' |url = http://nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/fkl/fkl3.shtml', 241 => ' |title = Fresh Kills', 242 => ' |publisher = New York City Department of City Planning', 243 => ' |year = 2009', 244 => ' |access-date = October 20, 2009', 245 => '|url-status = dead', 246 => ' |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091124160916/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/fkl/fkl3.shtml', 247 => ' |archive-date = November 24, 2009', 248 => '|df = mdy-all', 249 => '}}</ref> Today, freshwater and tidal wetlands, fields, birch thickets, and a coastal oak maritime forest, as well as areas dominated by non-native plant species, are all within the boundaries of Fresh Kills. ', 250 => '&nbsp;', 251 => '', 252 => '{{wide image|Verbridge1.jpg|980px|alt=[[Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge]] connecting the eastern portion of the island to Brooklyn|[[Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge]] connecting the eastern portion of the island to [[Brooklyn]]}}', 253 => '', 254 => '==Geology==', 255 => '[[File:Staten Island Geology.jpg|thumb|left|The geology of Staten Island]]', 256 => '[[File:Serpentinite Staten Island.jpg|thumb|right|[[Serpentinite]] shown in rock cut along [[I-278]] in Staten Island by [[Todt Hill]] marked on USGS geological map]]', 257 => '', 258 => 'During the [[Paleozoic|Paleozoic Era]], the [[List of tectonic plates|tectonic plate]] containing the continent of [[Laurentia]] and the plate containing the continent of [[Gondwana]]land were converging, the [[Iapetus Ocean]] that separated the two continents gradually closed, and the resulting collision between the plates formed the [[Appalachian Mountains]]. During the early stages of this mountain building known as the [[Taconic orogeny]], a piece of ocean crust from the Iapetus Ocean broke off and became incorporated into the collision zone and now forms the oldest bedrock strata of Staten Island, the [[serpentinite]].', 259 => '', 260 => 'This strata of the Lower Paleozoic (approximately 430&nbsp;million years old) consists predominantly of the serpentine minerals, [[Serpentine subgroup|antigorite]], [[chrysotile]], and [[Népouite|lizardite]]; it also contains [[asbestos]] and [[talc]]. At the end of the Paleozoic era (248&nbsp;million years ago) all major continental masses were joined into the supercontinent of [[Pangaea]].', 261 => '', 262 => 'The [[Palisades Sill]] has been designated a [[National Natural Landmark]], being "the best example of a thick [[diabase]] [[sill (geology)|sill]] in the United States". It underlies a portion of northwest Staten Island, with a visible outcropping in [[Travis, Staten Island|Travis]], off Travis Road in the [[William T. Davis Wildlife Refuge]]. This is the same formation that appears in New Jersey and upstate New York along the [[Hudson River]] in [[Palisades Interstate Park Commission|Palisades Interstate Park]]. The sill extends southward beyond the cliffs in [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] beneath the Upper New York Harbor and resurfaces on Staten Island. The Palisades sill date from the [[Early Jurassic]] period, 192 to 186&nbsp;million years ago.', 263 => '', 264 => 'Staten Island has been at the southern terminus of various periods of [[Glacial period|glaciation]]. The most recent, the [[Wisconsin glaciation]], ended approximately 12,000 years ago. The accumulated rock and sediment deposited at the terminus of the glacier is known as the terminal moraine present along the central portion of the island. The evidence of these glacial periods is visible in the remaining wooded areas of Staten Island in the form of [[glacial erratic]]s and [[Kettle (landform)|kettle ponds]].<ref>Isachsen, Yngvar W. "Continental Collisions and Ancient Volcanoes: The Geology of Southeastern New York", Educational Leaflet No. 24, The New York State Educational Department.</ref>', 265 => '', 266 => 'At the retreat of the ice sheet, Staten Island was connected by land to Long Island, as the Narrows had not yet formed. Geologists' reckonings of the course of the Hudson River have placed it alternatively through the present course of the [[Raritan River]], south of the island, or through present-day [[Flushing Bay]] and [[Jamaica Bay]].', 267 => '', 268 => '==Geography==', 269 => '[[File:New York City location Staten Island.svg|thumb|Location of Staten Island (red) within New York City (remainder yellow)]]', 270 => '[[File:Urban-Rural Population and Land Area Estimates, v2, 2010 Greater NYC, U.S. (13873743475).jpg|thumb|350px|Population density and elevation above sea level in Greater NYC, U.S. (2010). Staten Island is especially vulnerable to [[sea level rise]].]]', 271 => '[[File:New York aerial night 2018a.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Staten Island from the east at night]]', 272 => '{{See also|List of Staten Island neighborhoods}}', 273 => '', 274 => 'According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], Richmond County has a total area of {{convert|102.5|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|58.5|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|44.0|sqmi}} (43%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_36.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 7, 2015|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519062322/http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_36.txt|archive-date=May 19, 2014}}</ref> It is the third-smallest county in New York by land area and fourth-smallest by total area.', 275 => '', 276 => 'Although Staten Island is a borough of New York City, the island is geographically part of New Jersey.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Snyder|first1=John P.|title=The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries 1606 – 1968|date=June 1968|publisher=New Jersey Bureau of Geology and Topography|location=Trenton, New Jersey|page=14|edition=1st|url=http://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/enviroed/oldpubs/bulletin67.pdf|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Staten Island is separated from Long Island by the Narrows and from mainland New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull. Staten Island is positioned at the center of [[New York Bight]], a sharp bend in the shoreline between New Jersey and Long Island. The region is considered vulnerable to sea-level rise.<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. Geological Survey Studies in the New York Bight|url=https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/newyork/|publisher=Woods Hole Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey|access-date=November 8, 2012}}</ref> On October 29, 2012, the island experienced severe damage and loss of life along with the destruction of many homes during [[Hurricane Sandy]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Hurricane Sandy Hit Staten Island So Hard|url=http://www.accuweather.com/en/features/sandy/why_hurricane_sandy_hit_staten/1260369|publisher=AccuWeather, Inc.|access-date=November 8, 2012|archive-date=November 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110233135/http://www.accuweather.com/en/features/sandy/why_hurricane_sandy_hit_staten/1260369|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Paulsen|first=Ken|title=Staten Island Hurricane Sandy overview: Thursday evening|url=http://www.silive.com/news/index.ssf/2012/11/staten_island_hurricane_sandy_1.html|newspaper=Staten Island Advance|access-date=November 8, 2012}}</ref>', 277 => '', 278 => 'In addition to the main island, the borough and county also include several small uninhabited islands:', 279 => '* [[Isle of Meadows|The Isle of Meadows]] (at the mouth of [[Fresh Kills]])', 280 => '* [[Prall's Island]] (in the [[Arthur Kill]])', 281 => '* [[Shooters Island]] (in [[Newark Bay]]; part of it is in New Jersey)', 282 => '* [[Swinburne Island]] (in [[Lower New York Bay]])', 283 => '* [[Hoffman Island]] (in Lower New York Bay)', 284 => '', 285 => 'The highest point on the island, the summit of [[Todt Hill]], elevation {{convert|410|ft|m|abbr=on}}, is also the highest point in the five boroughs, as well as the highest point on the [[Atlantic coastal plain]] south of [[Great Blue Hill]] in [[Massachusetts]] and the highest point on [[East Coast of the United States|the coast proper]] south of [[Maine]]'s Camden Hills. [[Ward's Point]] in the neighborhood of Tottenville is the southernmost point in the state of New York.', 286 => '', 287 => 'Staten Island is the only borough in New York City that does not share a land border with another borough ([[Marble Hill, Manhattan|Marble Hill]] in Manhattan is contiguous with the Bronx). The borough has a land border with [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]] and [[Bayonne, New Jersey]], on uninhabited Shooters Island.', 288 => '', 289 => '[[File:Staten Island Deer 2 (380080763).jpg|thumb|Deer found in Charleston, Staten Island. Deer may be part of 40-large herd in Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserves.]]', 290 => '', 291 => '===Wildlife===', 292 => 'Staten Island is home to a large and diverse population of wildlife. Wildlife found on Staten Island include [[white-tailed deer]] (which have increased from a population of 24 in 2008 to 2,000 in 2017 due to a hunting ban and a lack of predators),<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/22/nyregion/deer-vasectomies-staten-island.html|title=Solving Staten Island's Deer Problem With a Snip and a Stitch|last=Wolfe|first=Jonathan|date=September 22, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=September 23, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> as well as hundreds of species of birds including [[bald eagle]]s, [[turkey (bird)|turkey]], [[hawk]]s, [[egret]]s and [[Common pheasant|ring-necked pheasants]]. Staten Island is home to [[Atlantic horseshoe crab]]s, [[cottontail rabbit]]s, [[opossum]]s, [[raccoon]]s, [[garter snake]]s, [[red-eared slider]] turtles, [[newt]]s, [[spring peeper]] frogs, [[leopard frog]]s, [[fox]], [[box turtle]]s, [[skunks]], [[Common snapping turtle|northern snapping turtles and common snapping turtles]]. In 2014 a new species of frog, the Atlantic Coast Leopard Frog (''[[Atlantic Coast leopard frog|Lithobates kauffeldi]]''), was described from Staten Island.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Feinberg |first1=Jeremy A. |last2=Newman |first2=Catherine E. |last3=Watkins-Colwell |first3=Gregory J. |last4=Schlesinger |first4=Matthew D. |last5=Zarate |first5=Brian |last6=Curry |first6=Brian R. |last7=Shaffer |first7=H. Bradley |last8=Burger |first8=Joanna |date=2014-10-29 |title=Cryptic Diversity in Metropolis: Confirmation of a New Leopard Frog Species (Anura: Ranidae) from New York City and Surrounding Atlantic Coast Regions |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=9 |issue=10 |pages=e108213 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0108213 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=4212910 |pmid=25354068 |bibcode=2014PLoSO...9j8213F |doi-access=free }}</ref>', 293 => '', 294 => '===Parkland===', 295 => 'Staten Island includes thousands of acres of federal, state, and local park land, including the "greenbelt" and "blue belt" park systems and the [[Gateway National Recreation Area]], in addition to hundreds of acres of private wooded areas. The National Park Service maintains full-time wildland firefighters to patrol Staten Island sites in wildfire brush trucks.', 296 => '', 297 => 'The parks on Staten Island are managed by various state, federal and local agencies.', 298 => '', 299 => 'Five sites are part of the {{convert|26,000|acre|km2|adj=on}} [[Gateway National Recreation Area]], managed by the U.S. [[National Park Service]] and patrolled by the [[United States Park Police]]:', 300 => '*[[Great Kills Park]]', 301 => '*[[Miller Field (Staten Island)|Miller Field]]', 302 => '*[[Fort Wadsworth]]', 303 => '*[[Hoffman Island]]', 304 => '*[[Swinburne Island]]', 305 => '', 306 => 'Two New York State parks are managed by the [[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]]:', 307 => '*[[Mount Loretto Unique Area]]', 308 => '*[[Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve]]', 309 => '[[New York State Park Police]] officers patrol these parks and the surrounding streets.', 310 => '', 311 => '{{convert|359|acres}} of State Forests, state wildlife management areas and Wetlands are managed by the [[New York State Department of Environmental Conservation]]:', 312 => '*Saint Francis Woodland', 313 => '*Butler Manor Woods', 314 => '*Arden Heights Woods', 315 => '*Todt Hill Woods', 316 => '*North Mount Loretto State Forest', 317 => '*Lemon Creek Tidal Wetland Wildlife Management Area', 318 => '*Blosers Wetland Wildlife Management Area', 319 => '*Goethal Pond Wetland', 320 => '*Bridge Creek Tidal Wetland', 321 => '*Old Place Creek Tidal Wetland', 322 => '*Oakwood Beach Wetland', 323 => '*Sharrots Shoreline Natural Resource Area', 324 => '*Sawmill Creek Wetland', 325 => 'The {{convert|359|acres}} of NYS Department of Environmental Conservation land throughout the island are patrolled by [[New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Police]] officers and one NYS DEC Forest Ranger, who has the dual task of law enforcement and fire suppression.', 326 => '', 327 => 'The [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]] manages 156 parks, including:', 328 => '*[[Conference House Park]]', 329 => '*[[Willowbrook Park]]', 330 => '*[[Graniteville Quarry Park]]', 331 => '*[[Silver Lake Park]]', 332 => '*[[Clove Lakes Park]]', 333 => '', 334 => 'The [[Fresh Kills Landfill]] was the world's largest [[landfill]] before closing in 2001,<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.freshkillspark.wordpress.com/tag/fresh-kills-landfill/ |title=Fresh Kills Landfill |publisher= Freshkills Park Blog |access-date=January 11, 2012}}</ref> although it was temporarily reopened that year to receive debris from the [[September 11 attacks]].<ref>[http://www.usace.army.mil/History/911/Pages/Staten_Island.aspx History: Staten Island], US Army Corps of Engineers {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914084336/http://www.usace.army.mil/History/911/Pages/Staten_Island.aspx |date=September 14, 2011 }}</ref> The landfill is being redeveloped as [[Freshkills Park]], an area devoted to restoring habitat. The park will become New York City's second largest public park when completed.<ref name="Fresh Kills">{{cite web |url=http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/fresh_kills_park/html/fresh_kills_park.html |title= Fresh Kills Park |access-date=November 4, 2011}}</ref>', 335 => '', 336 => '===Adjacent counties===', 337 => '==== New Jersey ====', 338 => '', 339 => '* [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]] — north and northeast', 340 => '* [[Union County, New Jersey|Union County]] — northwest', 341 => '* [[Middlesex County, New Jersey|Middlesex County]] — west and southwest', 342 => '* [[Monmouth County, New Jersey|Monmouth County]] — south', 343 => '', 344 => '==== New York ====', 345 => '', 346 => '* [[Brooklyn|Kings County]] — east', 347 => '* [[Manhattan|New York County]] — northeast', 348 => '', 349 => '==Demographics==', 350 => '{{Main|Demographics of Staten Island}}', 351 => '{{US Census population', 352 => '|1790= 3835', 353 => '|1800= 4564', 354 => '|1810= 5347', 355 => '|1820= 6135', 356 => '|1830= 7082', 357 => '|1840= 10965', 358 => '|1850= 15061', 359 => '|1860= 25492', 360 => '|1870= 33029', 361 => '|1880= 38991', 362 => '|1890= 51713', 363 => '|1900= 67021', 364 => '|1910= 85969', 365 => '|1920= 116531', 366 => '|1930= 158346', 367 => '|1940= 174441', 368 => '|1950= 191555', 369 => '|1960= 221991', 370 => '|1970= 295443', 371 => '|1980= 352029', 372 => '|1990= 378977', 373 => '|2000= 443728', 374 => '|2010= 468730', 375 => '|2020= 495747', 376 => '|align-fn=center', 377 => '|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 7, 2015}}</ref><br />1790–1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=January 7, 2015|archive-date=August 11, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811110448/http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/|url-status=dead}}</ref> 1900–1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ny190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 7, 2015}}</ref><br />1990–2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefsrefname=StatenIslandQui/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327165705/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2010 |url-status=dead |access-date=September 24, 2021}}</ref> 2010<ref name="2020CensusMap2"/> 2020<ref name="2020CensusMap"/>', 378 => '}}', 379 => '{{NYC boroughs}}', 380 => '{| class="wikitable sortable"', 381 => '!Race', 382 => '!2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US36085&y=2020&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=US Census Bureau|title=2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)}}</ref>', 383 => '!2010<ref name="auto"/>', 384 => '!1990<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|title=Population Division Working Paper - Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990 - U.S. Census Bureau|website=www.census.gov|access-date=October 16, 2019}}</ref>', 385 => '!1970<ref name=":1" />', 386 => '!1950<ref name=":1" />', 387 => '|-', 388 => '|[[White Americans|White]]', 389 => '|59.6%', 390 => '|72.9%', 391 => '|85%', 392 => '|94%', 393 => '|97.1%', 394 => '|-', 395 => '|—Non-Hispanic', 396 => '|56.1%', 397 => '|64.0%', 398 => '|80%', 399 => '|n/a', 400 => '|n/a', 401 => '|-', 402 => '|[[African Americans|Black or African American]]', 403 => '|10.5%', 404 => '|10.6%', 405 => '|8.1%', 406 => '|5.3%', 407 => '|2.8%', 408 => '|-', 409 => '|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race)', 410 => '|19.6%', 411 => '|17.3%', 412 => '|8%', 413 => '|n/a', 414 => '|n/a', 415 => '|-', 416 => '|[[Asian Americans|Asian]]', 417 => '|12.0%', 418 => '|7.5%', 419 => '|4.5%', 420 => '|0.4%', 421 => '|0.1%', 422 => '|-', 423 => '|[[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races]]', 424 => '|7.8%', 425 => '|2.6%', 426 => '|n/a', 427 => '|n/a', 428 => '|n/a', 429 => '|}', 430 => 'As of the 2018 Estimate, 22.2% of residents are foreign born. 11.9% of residents live below the poverty line, the lowest of the five boroughs. Average per capita income was $33,922, while median household income was $76,244. There are 181,199 housing units, with a 69.5% owner occupancy rate, the highest of the five boroughs, as well as a median value of $460,200. There are 166,150 households, with 2.82 persons per household.', 431 => '[[File:Ethnic Origins in Staten Island.png|thumb|330x330px|Ethnic origins in Staten Island]]', 432 => 'At the 2010 Census, there were 468,730 people living in Staten Island, which is an increase of 5.6% since the 2000 Census.', 433 => 'Staten Island is the only New York City borough with a [[Non-Hispanic whites|non-Hispanic White]] majority. According to the 2010 Census, 64.0% of the population was non-Hispanic [[White Americans|White]], down from 79% in 1990,<ref>{{cite web|title=New York – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|access-date=May 6, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|archive-date=August 12, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> 10.6% [[African Americans|Black]] or African American, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native, 7.5% Asian, 0.2% from some other race (non-Hispanic) and 2.6% of two or more races. 17.3% of Staten Island's population was of [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]] or Latino origin (of any race).', 434 => '', 435 => 'In 2009, approximately 20.0% of the population was foreign born, and 1.8% of the populace was born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad to American parents. Approximately 28.6% of the population over five years of age spoke a language other than English at home, and 27.3% of the population over twenty-five years of age had a bachelor's degree or higher.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=05000US36085&-context=adp&-ds_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_&-tree_id=309&-_lang=en&-_caller=geoselect&-format=|title=American FactFinder - Search|first=U.S. Census|last=Bureau|website=factfinder.census.gov|access-date=October 18, 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200210221401/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=05000US36085&-context=adp&-ds_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_&-tree_id=309&-_lang=en&-_caller=geoselect&-format=|archive-date=February 10, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>', 436 => '', 437 => 'According to the 2009 [[American Community Survey]], the borough's population was 75.7% White (65.8% non-Hispanic White alone), 10.2% Black or African American (9.6% non-Hispanic Black or African American alone), 0.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 7.4% Asian, 0.0% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 4.6% from Some other race, and 1.9% from Two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 15.9% of the population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=05000US36085&-qr_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_DP5&-context=adp&-ds_name=&-tree_id=309&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-format=|title=American FactFinder - Results|first=U.S. Census|last=Bureau|website=factfinder.census.gov|access-date=October 18, 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200210221201/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=05000US36085&-qr_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_DP5&-context=adp&-ds_name=&-tree_id=309&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-format=|archive-date=February 10, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>', 438 => '', 439 => 'According to the survey, the top ten European ancestries were the following:', 440 => '*[[Italian Americans in New York City|Italian]]: 33.7%', 441 => '*[[Irish Americans in New York City|Irish]]: 14.2%', 442 => '*[[German Americans|German]]: 5.7%', 443 => '*[[Russian Americans in New York City|Russian]]: 3.8%', 444 => '*[[Polish Americans|Polish]]: 3.4%', 445 => '*[[Albanian Americans|Albanian]]: 1.9%', 446 => '*[[English Americans|English]]: 1.6%', 447 => '*[[Ukrainian Americans|Ukrainian]]: 1.3%', 448 => '*[[Norwegian Americans|Norwegian]]: 1.0%', 449 => '*[[Greek Americans|Greek]]: 1.0%', 450 => 'The borough has the highest proportion of Italian Americans of any county in the United States. There is a significant [[American Jews|Jewish]] community mainly in the [[Willowbrook, Staten Island|Willowbrook]] area. Since the 2000 census, a large [[Russian Americans in New York City|Russian]] community has been growing on Staten Island, particularly in the Rossville, South Beach, and Great Kills area. There is also a significant [[Polish Americans|Polish]] community mainly in the South Beach and Midland Beach area and there is also a large [[Sri Lankan Americans|Sri Lankan]] community on Staten Island, concentrated mainly on Victory Boulevard on the northeastern tip of Staten Island towards St. George. The '''Little Sri Lanka''' in the [[Tompkinsville, Staten Island|Tompkinsville]] neighborhood is one of the largest Sri Lankan communities outside of the country of [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nycgo.com/slideshows/must-see-little-sri-lanka|title=NYC The Official Guide – Must-See Little Sri Lanka: 7 Great Things to See and Do|first=Harrison|last=Peck|publisher=NYC & Company|access-date=November 27, 2011|archive-date=February 23, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223164440/http://www.nycgo.com/slideshows/must-see-little-sri-lanka|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frommers.com/community/blogs/between-bites.cfm?plckController=Blog&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&plckPostId=Blog%3A130beee0-89b1-4de1-90ee-74de88a6b321Post%3A39c5c777-4c31-4a26-9501-b8f4d3b4e5bb|title=Frommer's – New York City: Exploring Staten Island's Little Sri Lanka|first=Amy|last=Zavatto|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|date=August 5, 2010|access-date=November 27, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111182525/http://www.frommers.com/community/blogs/between-bites.cfm?plckController=Blog&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&plckPostId=Blog%3A130beee0-89b1-4de1-90ee-74de88a6b321Post%3A39c5c777-4c31-4a26-9501-b8f4d3b4e5bb|archive-date=January 11, 2012}}</ref> The island houses more Liberians than anywhere outside [[Liberia]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/25/nyregion/along-with-population-and-diversity-stress-rises-on-staten-i.html |title=Along With Population and Diversity, Stress Rises on Staten I. |first1=Joseph |last1=Berger |first2=Ian |last2=Urbina |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 25, 2003 |access-date=November 14, 2019}}</ref> and has included three Liberian heads of state: [[David D. Kpormakpor]], [[Ruth Perry]], and [[George Weah]]. The borough is also home to a [[Chinantecan languages|Chinanteco]]-speaking [[Indigenous Mexican Americans|Indigenous Mexican American]] community.<ref>{{Cite news', 451 => '| first=Claudio |last=Torrens |agency=Associated Press', 452 => '| title = Some NY immigrants cite lack of Spanish as barrier', 453 => '| work = UTSanDiego.com', 454 => '| access-date = February 10, 2013', 455 => '| date = May 28, 2011', 456 => '| url = http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2011/may/28/some-ny-immigrants-cite-lack-of-spanish-as-barrier/', 457 => '}}</ref>', 458 => '', 459 => 'Most of the borough's [[African Americans|African American]] and [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]] residents live north of the [[Interstate 278|Staten Island Expressway, or Interstate 278]]. In terms of religion, the borough's population is largely [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], peaking near 60% in the 2000 census.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.silive.com/news/2015/09/staten_island_catholics_by_the.html |title=With Pope Francis visiting, 9 things to know about Staten Island Catholics |first=Diane C. |last=Lore |newspaper=Staten Island Advance |date=September 22, 2015 |access-date=February 7, 2019}}</ref> The [[American Jews|Jewish]] community is slightly less numerous compared to other parts of the [[New York Metropolitan Area]].', 460 => '', 461 => 'Per the 2009 American Community Survey, the median income for a household was $55,039, and the median income for a family was $64,333. Males had a median income of $50,081 versus $35,914 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the borough was $23,905. About 7.9% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the [[Poverty threshold|poverty line]], including 13.2% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.', 462 => '', 463 => 'If each borough were ranked as a separate city, Staten Island would be the [[List of United States cities by population|44th most-populous in the United States]].', 464 => '', 465 => '===Languages===', 466 => '{{As of|2010}}, 70.39% (306,310) of Staten Island residents age 5 and older spoke only English at home, while 10.02% (43,587) spoke Spanish, 3.14% (13,665) Russian, 3.11% (13,542) Italian, 2.39% (10,412) Chinese, 1.81% (7,867) [[Indo-European languages|other Indo-European languages]], 1.38% (5,990) Arabic, 1.01% (4,390) Polish, 0.88% (3,812) Korean, 0.80% (3,500) [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], 0.76% (3,308) other Asian languages, 0.62% (2,717) [[Urdu]], 0.57% (2,479) [[Indo-Aryan languages|other Indic languages]], and African languages were spoken as a [[first language]] by 0.56% (2,458) of the population over the age of five. In total, 29.61% (128,827) of Staten Island's population age 5 and older spoke a first language other than English.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results|title=Richmond County, New York|publisher=[[Modern Language Association]]|access-date=August 10, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619224705/http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results|archive-date=June 19, 2006}}</ref>', 467 => '', 468 => '==Government and politics==', 469 => '', 470 => '===History===', 471 => '{{PresHead|place=Richmond County, New York|source1=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|first=David|last=Leip|website=uselectionatlas.org}}</ref>|source2=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.silive.com/opinion/columns/2016/11/how_staten_island_voted_for_pr.html|title=Not always red: Staten Island's presidential votes, 1856 to 2012|date=May 16, 2019|access-date=November 7, 2020|first=Tom|last=Wrobleski|newspaper=[[Staten Island Advance]]|orig-date=November 5, 2016|via=silive.com}}}}</ref>}}', 472 => '<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->', 473 => '{{PresRow|2020|Republican|123,320|90,997|2,450|New York}}', 474 => '{{PresRow|2016|Republican|101,437|74,143|5,380|New York}}', 475 => '{{PresRow|2012|Democratic|74,223|78,181|1,776|New York}}', 476 => '{{PresRow|2008|Republican|86,062|79,311|1,205|New York}}', 477 => '{{PresRow|2004|Republican|90,325|68,448|1,370|New York}}', 478 => '{{PresRow|2000|Democratic|63,903|73,828|4,398|New York}}', 479 => '{{PresRow|1996|Democratic|52,207|64,684|11,116|New York}}', 480 => '{{PresRow|1992|Republican|70,707|56,901|20,152|New York}}', 481 => '{{PresRow|1988|Republican|77,427|47,812|736|New York}}', 482 => '{{PresRow|1984|Republican|83,187|44,345|294|New York}}', 483 => '{{PresRow|1980|Republican|64,885|37,306|8,456|New York}}', 484 => '{{PresRow|1976|Republican|56,995|47,867|464|New York}}', 485 => '{{PresRow|1972|Republican|84,686|29,241|196|New York}}', 486 => '{{PresRow|1968|Republican|54,631|34,770|9,423|New York}}', 487 => '{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|42,330|50,524|92|New York}}', 488 => '{{PresRow|1960|Republican|50,356|38,673|94|New York}}', 489 => '{{PresRow|1956|Republican|64,233|19,644|0|New York}}', 490 => '{{PresRow|1952|Republican|55,993|28,280|294|New York}}', 491 => '{{PresRow|1948|Republican|39,539|30,442|3,153|New York}}', 492 => '{{PresRow|1944|Republican|42,188|31,502|228|New York}}', 493 => '{{PresRow|1940|Republican|38,911|38,307|249|New York}}', 494 => '{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|22,852|46,229|1,308|New York}}', 495 => '{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|21,278|36,857|2,210|New York}}', 496 => '{{PresRow|1928|Democratic|24,995|28,945|294|New York}}', 497 => '{{PresRow|1924|Republican|18,007|15,801|3,778|New York}}', 498 => '{{PresRow|1920|Republican|17,844|9,373|1,041|New York}}', 499 => '{{PresRow|1916|Democratic|7,319|8,843|336|New York}}', 500 => '{{PresRow|1912|Democratic|3,035|8,445|4,277|New York}}', 501 => '{{PresRow|1908|Democratic|6,831|7,401|852|New York}}', 502 => '{{PresRow|1904|Democratic|7,000|7,182|486|New York}}', 503 => '{{PresRow|1900|Democratic|6,042|6,759|400|New York}}', 504 => '{{PresRow|1896|Republican|6,170|4,452|576|New York}}', 505 => '{{PresRow|1892|Democratic|4,091|6,122|528|New York}}', 506 => '{{PresRow|1888|Democratic|4,100|5,764|179|New York}}', 507 => '{{PresRow|1884|Democratic|3,164|5,135|164|New York}}', 508 => '{{PresRow|1880|Democratic|3,291|4,815|0|New York}}', 509 => '{{PresRow|1876|Democratic|2,883|4,339|0|New York}}', 510 => '{{PresRow|1872|Republican|2,611|2,458|0|New York}}', 511 => '{{PresRow|1868|Democratic|2,216|3,023|0|New York}}', 512 => '{{PresRow|1864|Democratic|1,565|2,875|0|New York}}', 513 => '{{PresRow|1860|Democratic|1,408|2,370|0|New York}}', 514 => '{{PresRow|1856|Democratic|736|1,550|947|New York}}', 515 => '{{PresRow|1852|Democratic|1,147|1,324|32|New York}}', 516 => '{{PresRow|1848|Whig|1,099|860|123|New York}}', 517 => '{{PresRow|1844|Democratic|1,049|1,063|1|New York}}', 518 => '{{PresRow|1840|Whig|903|861|0|New York}}', 519 => '{{PresRow|1836|Tie|649|649|0|New York}}', 520 => '{{PresRow|1832|Democratic|537|574|0|New York}}', 521 => '{{PresRow|1828|Democratic|475|518|0|New York}}', 522 => '|}', 523 => '{{See also|Government of New York City}}', 524 => '', 525 => 'Since New York City's consolidation in 1898, Staten Island has been governed by the New York City Charter that provides for a "strong" [[Mayor–council government|mayor-council system]]. The centralized New York City government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services on Staten Island.', 526 => '', 527 => 'The office of [[Borough president]] was created in the consolidation of 1898 to balance centralization with local authority. Each borough president had a powerful administrative role derived from having a vote on the [[New York City Board of Estimate]], which was responsible for creating and approving the city's budget and proposals for land use.', 528 => '', 529 => 'The Office of Borough President became one focal point for opinions over the [[Vietnam War]] when former intelligence agent and peace activist [[Ed Murphy (activist)|Ed Murphy]] ran for office in 1973, sponsored by the Staten Island Democratic Association. Murphy's combat veteran status deflected traditional right-wing attacks on liberals, and the campaign facilitated the emergence of more liberal politics on Staten Island. In ''[[Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris]]'' (1989), the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] declared the Board of Estimate unconstitutional on the grounds that Brooklyn, the most populous borough, had no greater effective representation on the board than Staten Island, the least populous borough, a violation of the [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourteenth Amendment's]] [[Equal Protection Clause]] pursuant to the high court's 1964 "one man, one vote" decision.<ref>{{cite court', 530 => ' |litigants=Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris', 531 => ' |vol=489 U.S. 688', 532 => ' |pinpoint=87-1022', 533 => ' |court=Supreme Court of the United States', 534 => ' |date=March 22, 1989', 535 => '|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0489_0688_ZS.html', 536 => '}}</ref>', 537 => '', 538 => '[[File:Staten Island Borough Hall sign.jpg|thumb|right|[[Borough President|Borough Hall]] in St. George, Staten Island.]]', 539 => 'Since 1990 the Borough president has acted as an advocate for the borough at the mayoral agencies, the City Council, the New York state government, and corporations. Staten Island's Borough President is [[Vito Fossella]], a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] who was elected in November 2021. Fossella is the only Republican borough president in New York City.', 540 => '', 541 => '===Staten Island flag===', 542 => '', 543 => 'The Staten Island flag uses its old borough seal as a flag.', 544 => '', 545 => '===Politics===', 546 => 'Staten Island's politics differ considerably from the rest of New York City. While the other four boroughs tend to be strongly Democratic, Staten Island is considered the most conservative, and the only one where Republicans usually do well.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/oct/25/staten-island-max-rose-republican-democrat-midterms|title='It's not like the rest of the city': can a Democrat flip Trump-voting Staten Island?|first=Erin|last=Durkin|newspaper=The Guardian |date=October 25, 2018|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> Although in 2005 44.7% of the borough's registered voters were registered Democrats and 30.6% were registered Republicans, the Republican Party holds a majority of local public offices. Staten Island is the base of New York City's Republican Party in citywide elections.', 547 => '', 548 => 'The main political divide in the borough is demarcated by the Staten Island Expressway; areas north of the Expressway tend to be more liberal while the south tends to be more conservative. Local party platforms center on affordable housing, education and [[law and order (politics)|law and order]]. Two out of Staten Island's three [[New York City Council]] members are Republicans, including conservative commentator [[Joe Borelli]].', 549 => '', 550 => 'In national elections, Staten Island is a Republican-leaning county. Staten Island has voted for a Democratic presidential nominee only four times since 1940: in 1964, 1996, 2000, and 2012. In the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 presidential election]], Republican [[John McCain]] won 52% of the vote in the borough to Democrat [[Barack Obama]]'s 48%. In [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]], the borough flipped and was won by incumbent Democrat Barack Obama, who took 51% of the vote to Republican [[Mitt Romney]]'s 48%. This made the borough one of the few parts of the country where Barack Obama gained as compared to 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vote.nyc.ny.us/downloads/pdf/results/2012/GeneralElection/0000010000Citywide%20President%20Vice%20President%20Citywide%20Recap.pdf |title=Statement and Return Report |publisher=NYC Board of Elections |date=December 27, 2012|access-date=December 30, 2012}}</ref> The Democratic Party's gains on the island in the 2010s proved ephemeral. In [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]], Republican [[Donald Trump]] carried Staten Island by 15.1%, the largest margin of any presidential candidate since [[1988 United States presidential election|1988]]. With 56.1% of the island-wide vote, Trump became the first-ever presidential candidate to receive over 100,000 votes out of Staten Island. The borough stayed Republican on election day [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]], delivering 56.9% and a record of more than 123,000 votes to President Donald Trump.<ref name="NYCBOEPOTUS">{{cite web|url=https://web.enrboenyc.us/CD23464AD5.html|title=BOARD OF ELECTIONS IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK 2020 ELECTION NIGHT RESULTS President/Vice President, Borough of Richmond|access-date=November 6, 2020|archive-date=November 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113073136/https://web.enrboenyc.us/CD23464AD5.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="NYSBOE">{{cite web|url=https://nyenr.elections.ny.gov/|title=New York State Board of Elections, 2020 General Election Night Results|access-date=November 6, 2020}}</ref> In both elections, Staten Island was the only borough where Trump managed even 30 percent of the vote.', 551 => '', 552 => '===Federal Representation===', 553 => 'As of 2023. Staten Island lies entirely within [[New York's 11th congressional district]], which also includes part of southwestern Brooklyn. It is currently represented by a Republican, [[Nicole Malliotakis]], who was elected in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=New York Senators, Representatives, and Congressional District Maps |website=GovTrack.us |date=May 21, 2018 |url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/NY#representatives |access-date=December 29, 2018}}</ref> The 11th district had been represented by Democrat [[Max Rose]], until Malliotakis defeated him 53.1% to 46.8%.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-03 |title=New York Election Results: 11th Congressional District |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/11/03/us/elections/results-new-york-house-district-11.html |access-date=2023-07-11 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>', 554 => '', 555 => '{| class="wikitable floatright"', 556 => '|+ Party affiliation of Staten Island registered voters', 557 => '|- bgcolor=lightgrey', 558 => '!Party', 559 => '!2005', 560 => '!2004', 561 => '!2003', 562 => '!2002', 563 => '!2001', 564 => '!2000', 565 => '!1999', 566 => '!1998', 567 => '!1997', 568 => '!1996', 569 => '|-', 570 => '|align="center" bgcolor="f0f0ff"|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic (%)]]', 571 => '|align="center" bgcolor="f0f0ff"|44.70', 572 => '|align="center" bgcolor="f0f0ff"|44.76', 573 => '|align="center" bgcolor="f0f0ff"|45.19', 574 => '|align="center" bgcolor="f0f0ff"|45.39', 575 => '|align="center" bgcolor="f0f0ff"|45.63', 576 => '|align="center" bgcolor="f0f0ff"|45.47', 577 => '|align="center" bgcolor="f0f0ff"|45.51', 578 => '|align="center" bgcolor="f0f0ff"|45.60', 579 => '|align="center" bgcolor="f0f0ff"|46.38', 580 => '|align="center" bgcolor="f0f0ff"|46.15', 581 => '|-', 582 => '|align="center" bgcolor="fff3f3"|[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican (%)]]', 583 => '|align="center" bgcolor="fff3f3"|30.64', 584 => '|align="center" bgcolor="fff3f3"|30.47', 585 => '|align="center" bgcolor="fff3f3"|30.77', 586 => '|align="center" bgcolor="fff3f3"|30.55', 587 => '|align="center" bgcolor="fff3f3"|30.68', 588 => '|align="center" bgcolor="fff3f3"|30.76', 589 => '|align="center" bgcolor="fff3f3"|31.17', 590 => '|align="center" bgcolor="fff3f3"|31.60', 591 => '|align="center" bgcolor="fff3f3"|30.80', 592 => '|align="center" bgcolor="fff3f3"|31.28', 593 => '|-', 594 => '|align="center" bgcolor="white"|No affiliation (%)', 595 => '|align="center" bgcolor="white"|19.00', 596 => '|align="center" bgcolor="white"|19.10', 597 => '|align="center" bgcolor="white"|18.46', 598 => '|align="center" bgcolor="white"|18.54', 599 => '|align="center" bgcolor="white"|18.67', 600 => '|align="center" bgcolor="white"|18.84', 601 => '|align="center" bgcolor="white"|18.67', 602 => '|align="center" bgcolor="white"|18.25', 603 => '|align="center" bgcolor="white"|18.43', 604 => '|align="center" bgcolor="white"|18.48', 605 => '|-', 606 => '|align="center"|Other (%)', 607 => '|align="center"|5.66', 608 => '|align="center"|5.67', 609 => '|align="center"|5.58', 610 => '|align="center"|5.52', 611 => '|align="center"|5.02', 612 => '|align="center"|4.93', 613 => '|align="center"|4.65', 614 => '|align="center"|4.55', 615 => '|align="center"|4.39', 616 => '|align="center"|4.09', 617 => '|-', 618 => '|}', 619 => '', 620 => '===Local politics===', 621 => 'Staten Island representation in the [[New York State Assembly|state assembly]] has one [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] and three [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]]. The 62nd,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michael Reilly - Assembly District 62 {{!}}Assembly Member Directory {{!}} New York State Assembly |url=https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Michael-Reilly |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=nyassembly.gov}}</ref> 63rd,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sam Pirozzolo - Assembly District 63 {{!}}Assembly Member Directory {{!}} New York State Assembly |url=https://nyassembly.gov/mem/Sam-Pirozzolo |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=nyassembly.gov}}</ref> and 64th<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.assembly.state.ny.us/mem/Michael-Tannousis|publisher=state.ny.us|title=Michael Tannousis - Assembly District 64 &#124;Assembly Member Directory &#124; New York State Assembly}}</ref> districts are represented by Republicans [[Michael Reilly (New York politician)|Michael Reilly]], [[Sam Pirozzolo,|Sam Pirozzolo]], and [[Michael Tannousis]]. The 61st<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.state.ny.us/mem/?ad=61&sh=map|title=New York State Assembly – Matthew Titone|publisher=state.ny.us}}</ref> district has an elected Democrat, [[Charles Fall]]. Staten Island is split between two [[New York State Senate|state Senate districts]]. Most of the island used to be represented by Republican [[John J. Marchi]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nyssenate24.com/district_map.asp|title=Realtors in New York City|publisher=nyssenate24.com}}</ref> the longest-serving legislator in state history; but is now represented by Republican [[Andrew Lanza]]; while the North Shore belongs to the district of Democrat [[Jessica Scarcella-Spanton]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jessica Scarcella-Spanton {{!}} NYSenate.gov |url=https://www.nysenate.gov/senators/jessica-scarcella-spanton |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=www.nysenate.gov}}</ref> In 2018, [[Matthew Titone]], a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] who at the time was a member of the [[New York State Assembly]] for the 61st District, was elected Surrogate Judge for Richmond County, which covers all of Staten Island. He was succeeded by [[Charles Fall]], also a Democrat, and the first African American elected to the Assembly from Staten Island.', 622 => '', 623 => 'Until 2009, Staten Island was included with Brooklyn as part of New York State's 2nd Judicial District. In that year, Staten Island secured Judicial Independence when a new law was signed, creating New York's 13th Judicial District. Since 2009, Staten Island voters have had the opportunity to elect 5 Justices to the New York State Supreme Court.', 624 => '', 625 => 'Each of the city's five counties (coterminous with each borough) has its own criminal court system and [[District attorney|District Attorney]], the chief public prosecutor who is directly elected by popular vote. [[Michael McMahon]], a [[Conservative Democrat]], is the current District Attorney.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://observer.com/2015/11/democrat-michael-mcmahon-wins-staten-island-district-attorney-race/|title=Democrat Michael McMahon Wins Staten Island District Attorney Race|work=[[The New York Observer]] |first=Jillian|last=Jorgensen|date=November 3, 2015|access-date=December 14, 2015}}</ref>', 626 => '', 627 => 'Staten Island has three City Council members, the smallest number among the five boroughs. As of 2023, the island's city council delegation comprises two Republicans and one Democrat. The borough also has three administrative districts, each served by a local [[Community boards of Staten Island|Community Board]]. Community Boards are representative bodies that field complaints and serve as advocates for local residents. In the 2009 election for city offices, Staten Island elected its first black official, [[Debi Rose]], who defeated the incumbent Democrat in the North Shore city council seat in a primary and then went on to win the general election.', 628 => '', 629 => 'In New York City mayoral elections, Staten Island has traditionally been reliably Republican, having last voted Democratic for incumbent mayor [[Ed Koch]] in [[1985 New York City mayoral election|1985]]. Staten Island's high Republican turnout is considered one of the major factors that helped [[Rudy Giuliani]] win in [[1993 New York City mayoral election|1993]] against incumbent Democratic mayor [[David Dinkins]], and also [[Michael Bloomberg]] in [[2001 New York City mayoral election|2001]] against [[Mark Green (New York politician)|Mark Green]].', 630 => '', 631 => '=== Secession from New York City ===', 632 => 'Secession from New York City has been a long-time hot-button issue on Staten Island. The "Greater City" exists as a result of actions of the [[New York State Legislature]], and, as such, could be reduced in size by the same mechanism. A non-binding [[referendum]] was held in 1993 to consider whether it should be allowed to secede from the city. The New York City government and Mayor [[David Dinkins]] opposed the vote, contending that the referendum should not be permitted by the state unless the city issued a [[home rule]] message supporting it, which the city would not. [[Governor (United States)|Governor]] [[Mario Cuomo]] disagreed, and the vote went forward. Ultimately, 65% of Staten Island residents voted to secede through the approval of a new city [[Municipal charter|charter]] making Staten Island an independent [[Political subdivisions of New York State#City|city]], but implementation was blocked in the [[New York State Assembly|State Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://council.nyc.gov/joseph-borelli/2022/06/28/another-staten-island-secession-task-force-bill-really/#:~:text=The%20closest%20Staten%20Island%20came,and%20the%20movement%20died%20off.|title=Another Staten Island secession task force bill, really?|publisher=council.nyc.gov}}</ref>', 633 => '', 634 => 'The Staten Island secession movement was defused by the election of Rudy Giuliani as New York City mayor on the same ballot. He had campaigned on the promise that Staten Island's grievances would be addressed. Giuliani's plurality in his narrow victory over Dinkins was aided by overwhelming support from Staten Island. Two of the borough's biggest demands were closing the [[Fresh Kills Landfill]] and making the [[Staten Island Ferry]] free, both of which were done. However, after the election of [[Bill de Blasio]] as Mayor in 2013 and the success of the [[Brexit]] vote in the United Kingdom in 2016, interest in secession was revived. In 2019, New York City councilman Joe Borelli announced his plan to introduce another set of bills to study the feasibility of secession.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}{{needs update|date=August 2023}}', 635 => '', 636 => '== Tourism ==', 637 => 'In 2009, Borough president [[James Molinaro]] started a program to increase tourism on Staten Island. This program included a new website, a "Staten Island Attractions" video that is aired in both the Staten Island and the Manhattan Whitehall ferry terminals, as well as informational kiosks at the terminals, which supply printed information on Staten Island attractions, entertainment and restaurants.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}', 638 => '', 639 => '[[Empire Outlets]] New York City, is a {{convert|350,000|ft2|m2|adj=on}} retail complex constructed in the [[St. George, Staten Island|St. George]] neighborhood of Staten Island. Empire Outlets features 100 designer outlets. It is the first [[outlet mall]] in New York City. The mall is located next to the [[St. George Terminal]], a major ferry, train, and bus hub.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}', 640 => '', 641 => 'Staten Island's Arts District is located in the North Shore region with many locations to see music and experience art. The Snug Harbor Cultural Center and Botanic Gardens (1000 Richmond Terrace) is home to The Staten Island Museum, The Staten Island Children's Museum, Heritage Farm, The Newhouse Gallery, The Chinese Scholar's Garden and the Great Hall. The St. George Theater is a historic landmark seated theater within walking distance from the ferry and it hosts many touring music artists. ArtSpace located at Navy Pier Court is run by the local arts council with revolving exhibits by local artists. Staten Island's only community radio station, Maker Park Radio, is located in the Stapleton neighborhood of Staten Island. The Alice Austin House is a historic landmark and photography gallery with a view of Manhattan. Although Staten Island lacks venues one can see many live music artists at local restaurants and spaces on most weekends. There are also numerous theaters on the Island.', 642 => '', 643 => 'Staten Island is known as the borough of parks because of its numerous parks. Some well known parks are Clove Lakes, Silver Lake, Greenbelt and High Rock. Moses Mountain, a hill known for its view of the borough, is the location where [[Robert Moses]] wanted to build the [[Korean War Veterans Parkway|Richmond Parkway]] before protests defeated this arrangement. It is now a key point of Staten Island for tourists.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}', 644 => '', 645 => '==Culture==', 646 => '{{See also|Culture of New York City}}', 647 => '', 648 => '===Local support for the arts===', 649 => '[[File:Postcards 9 11 Memorial, St. George Esplanade, Staten Island, NY.jpg|thumb|right|"[[Postcards (memorial)|Postcards 9/11 Memorial]]", at St. George Esplanade]]', 650 => 'Artists and musicians have been moving to Staten Island's North Shore so they can be in close proximity to Manhattan but also have enough affordable space to live and work.<ref name="NYT_Bohemia"/><ref>{{cite news| url=http://video.on.nytimes.com/?fr_story=104bda05ad2b8da609a03bcacd3bda17be057b43 |title=Hipsters on Staten Island|format=Video|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web', 651 => ' |url = http://ny1.com/1-all-boroughs-news-content/top_stories/?SecID=1000&ArID=69203', 652 => ' |archive-url = https://archive.today/20130130104355/http://ny1.com/1-all-boroughs-news-content/top_stories/?SecID=1000&ArID=69203', 653 => ' |url-status = dead', 654 => ' |archive-date = January 30, 2013', 655 => '|title = Artists Hope To Revitalize St. George, Stapleton Areas', 656 => ' |date = April 28, 2007', 657 => '|access-date = October 20, 2009', 658 => '}}</ref> Filmmakers, most of whom work independently, also play an important part in Staten Island's art scene, which has been recognized by the local government. Staten Island Arts (formerly The Council on the Arts and Humanities for Staten Island) is Staten Island's local arts council and helps support local artists and cultural organizations with regrants, workshops, folklife and arts-in-education programs, and advocacy.<ref>{{cite web', 659 => ' |url=http://statenislandarts.org', 660 => ' |title=Council on the Arts and Humanities for Staten Island', 661 => ' |publisher=COAHSI', 662 => ' |date=August 19, 2011', 663 => '|access-date=August 19, 2011', 664 => '}}</ref> Conceived by the [[Staten Island Economic Development Corporation]] to introduce independent and international films to a broad and diverse audience, the Staten Island Film Festival (SIFF) held its first four-day festival in 2006.', 665 => '', 666 => '===Attractions===', 667 => '[[Historic Richmond Town]] is New York City's living history village and museum complex. Visitors can explore the diversity of the American experience, especially that of Staten Island and its neighboring communities, from the colonial period to the present. The village area occupies {{convert|25|acre|m2}} of a {{convert|100|acre|km2|adj=on}} site with about 15 restored buildings, including homes, commercial and civic buildings, and a museum.', 668 => '', 669 => 'The island is home to the [[Staten Island Zoo]]. Zoo construction commenced in 1933 as part of the Federal Government's works program on an eight-acre (three-hectare) estate willed to New York City. It was opened on June 10, 1936, the first zoo in the U.S. specifically devoted to an educational mandate. In the late 1960s, the zoo maintained the most complete [[rattlesnake]] collection in the world with 39 varieties.', 670 => '', 671 => '====Museums====', 672 => '[[File:Sailors-snug-harbor.jpg|thumb|left|[[Sailors' Snug Harbor]]]]', 673 => '', 674 => '[[Sailors' Snug Harbor|Snug Harbor Cultural Center]], the [[Alice Austen House]] Museum, the [[Conference House]], the [[Garibaldi-Meucci Museum|Garibaldi–Meucci Museum]], [[Historic Richmond Town]], [[Jacques Marchais Museum of Tibetan Art]], the Noble Maritime Collection, Sandy Ground Historical Museum,<ref>{{cite news', 675 => ' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/09/nyregion/thecity/09sand.html?fta=y', 676 => ' |title=Sandy Ground – For Descendants of Black Settlers on Staten Island, a Dream Realized', 677 => ' |first=Donna', 678 => ' |last=Lee', 679 => ' |work=[[The New York Times]]', 680 => ' |date=November 7, 2008', 681 => '|access-date=October 20, 2009', 682 => '}}</ref> [[Staten Island Children's Museum]], the [[Staten Island Museum]], and the [[Staten Island Botanical Garden]], home of the [[New York Chinese Scholar's Garden]], can all be found on the island.', 683 => '', 684 => 'The [[National Lighthouse Museum]] undertook a major fundraising project and opened an educational center at St. George in 2015.<ref name="Majtan 2015 m873">{{cite web | last=Majtan | first=Leisha | title=National Lighthouse Museum Opens | website=Spectrum News NY1 | date=August 8, 2015 | url=https://ny1.com/nyc/staten-island/news/2015/08/7/national-lighthouse-museum-opens | access-date=December 8, 2023}}</ref> The [[Staten Island Museum]] (art, science, and history) opened a new branch in Snug Harbor in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pogrebin|first=Robin|date=2015-09-18|title=Staten Island Museum Is Reopening in Snug Harbor Complex|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/19/arts/design/staten-island-museum-is-reopening-in-snug-harbor-complex.html|access-date=2023-12-08|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>', 685 => '', 686 => 'The [[Seguine Mansion]], also known as The Seguine-Burke Mansion, is located on [[Lemon Creek (Staten Island)|Lemon Creek]] near the southern shore of Staten Island. The 19th-century [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek Revival]] house is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] and is a member of the [[Historic House Trust]]; it harbors peacocks and an equestrian center.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://seguinemansion.org/ |title=The Seguine Mansion |access-date=April 4, 2018}}</ref>', 687 => '', 688 => '{{Clear}}', 689 => '', 690 => '===Newspapers===', 691 => 'Staten Island's local paper is ''[[The Staten Island Advance]]''. The paper also has an affiliated website called {{URL|silive.com}}.', 692 => '', 693 => '===In culture===', 694 => '', 695 => '====Film====', 696 => 'Movies filmed partially or wholly on Staten Island include:', 697 => '{{div col}}', 698 => '*''[[Analyze This]]''', 699 => '*''[[The Astronaut's Wife]]''', 700 => '*''[[Bad Hurt]]''', 701 => '*''[[A Beautiful Mind (film)|A Beautiful Mind]]''', 702 => '*''[[Big Daddy (1999 film)|Big Daddy]]''', 703 => '*''[[Big Fan]]''', 704 => '*''[[Combat Shock]]''', 705 => '*''[[Cropsey (film)|Cropsey]]''', 706 => '*''[[The Devil's Own]]''', 707 => '*''[[Donnie Brasco (film)|Donnie Brasco]]''', 708 => '*''[[Easy Money (1983 film)|Easy Money]]''', 709 => '*''[[Freedomland (film)|Freedomland]]''', 710 => '*''[[The First Purge]]''', 711 => '*''[[Fur (film)|Fur]]''', 712 => '*''[[The Godfather]]''', 713 => '*''[[Goodfellas]]''', 714 => '*''[[Grace Quigley]]''', 715 => '*''[[He Knows You're Alone]]''', 716 => '*''[[How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days]]'' ', 717 => '*''[[The Irishman]]''', 718 => '*''[[The Jimmy Show]]''', 719 => '*''[[Joe the King]]''', 720 => '*''[[The Kindergarten Teacher (2018 film)|The Kindergarten Teacher]]''', 721 => '*''[[The King of Staten Island]]''', 722 => '*''[[Little Children (film)|Little Children]]''', 723 => '*''[[Neighbors (1981 film)|Neighbors]]''', 724 => '*''[[Nerve (2016 film)|Nerve]]''', 725 => '*''[[The Other Guys]]''', 726 => '*''[[The Perils of Pauline (1914 serial)]]''', 727 => '*''[[Scent of a Woman (1992 film)|Scent of a Woman]]''', 728 => '*''[[School of Rock]]''', 729 => '*''[[Shamus (film)|Shamus]]''', 730 => '*''[[Sisters (1973 film)|Sisters]]''', 731 => '*''[[Sleepwalk with Me|Sleepwalk With Me]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cvparties.com/edgewater-hall-film-location/ |title=Edgewater Hall As A Film Location |accessdate=2023-02-01 }}</ref>', 732 => '*''[[Sorry, Wrong Number]]''', 733 => '*''[[Splendor in the Grass]]''', 734 => '*''[[Staten Island (film)|Staten Island]]''', 735 => '*''[[Staten Island Summer]]''', 736 => '*''[[Strong Island (film)|Strong Island]]'' ', 737 => '*''[[Terrifier]]''', 738 => '*''[[The Toxic Avenger (1984 film)|The Toxic Avenger]]''', 739 => '*''[[Three Christs]]''', 740 => '*''[[Trainwreck (film)|Trainwreck]]''', 741 => '*''[[Two Family House]]''', 742 => '*''[[War of the Worlds (2005 film)|War of the Worlds]]''', 743 => '*''[[Wedding Daze]]''', 744 => '*''[[What We Do in the Shadows (TV series)]] '' ', 745 => '*''[[Who's That Knocking at My Door]]''', 746 => '*''[[Working Girl]]''', 747 => '*''[[Wu-Tang Clan: An American Saga]]''', 748 => '', 749 => '{{div col end}}', 750 => '', 751 => '====Literature====', 752 => 'World War One poet [[Alan Seeger]], who fought with the French Foreign Legion and was killed in the Battle of the Somme and author of ''[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rendezvous_with_death.JPG I Have a Rendezvous with Death]'' grew up at St. Marks Place above the ferry stop on Staten Island in the last decade of the 19th century. His poem ''[https://englishverse.com/poems/the_old_lowe_house_staten_island The Old Lowe House]'' described property that would become Low Terrace, St. George.<ref>Dickon, Chris (2019). [https://books.google.com/books?id=rqlNyQEACAAJ A Rendezvous with Death: Alan Seeger in Poetry, at War]. KDP. p. 305. ISBN 9781689382588 Ch. 1</ref>', 753 => '', 754 => '[[Ki Longfellow]] was born on the island. Longfellow is the author of ''[[The Secret Magdalene]]'' and other books. Her Sam Russo [[Historical mystery|historical detective]] [[Noir fiction|noir]] novels are based in and around [[Stapleton, Staten Island|Stapleton]].', 755 => '', 756 => '[[Lois Lowry]], the author of ''The Gossamer'', ''The Giver'', and many other books, attended school on Staten Island.', 757 => '', 758 => 'Writer [[Paul Zindel]] lived in Staten Island during his youth and based most of his teenage novels in the island.', 759 => '', 760 => '[[George R. R. Martin]] based [[World of A Song of Ice and Fire#King's Landing|King's Landing]] on the view of Staten Island from his childhood home in [[Bayonne, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abc.go.com/shows/world-news-with-diane-sawyer/listing/2014-04/18-wn-418-games-of-thrones-author-george-rr-martin|title=Interview of George RR Martin on the April 18, 2014 episode of ''ABC World News Tonight''|work=[[ABC News]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140427183405/http://abc.go.com/shows/world-news-with-diane-sawyer/listing/2014-04/18-wn-418-games-of-thrones-author-george-rr-martin|archive-date=April 27, 2014}}</ref>', 761 => '', 762 => '====Music====', 763 => '{{Main|Music of New York City}}', 764 => 'Staten Island also has a local music scene. These venues in the North Shore are part of the art movement mentioned above. Local bands include many punk, ska, hardcore punk, indie, metal, and pop punk bands. Staten Island is known internationally for its hip hop culture from the critically acclaimed [[Wu-Tang Clan]].', 765 => '', 766 => 'Musicians who were born or reside on Staten Island and groups that formed on Staten Island are found at [[List of people from Staten Island]].', 767 => '', 768 => '====Television====', 769 => 'The [[Charter Spectrum|Spectrum]] cable news channel [[NY1]] airs a weekly show called ''This Week on Staten Island'', hosted by Anthony Pascale. The magazine-style show takes content from NY1's hourly newscasts called "Your Staten Island News Now".', 770 => '', 771 => 'A documentary series, ''A Walk Around Staten Island with [[David Hartman (TV personality)|David Hartman]] and Barry Lewis'', premiered on [[Public broadcasting|public television]] station [[WNET]] on December 3, 2007. The hosts profile Staten Island culture and history, including major attractions such as the [[Staten Island Ferry]], [[Historic Richmond Town|Historic Richmondtown]], the [[Conference House]], [[Sailors' Snug Harbor|Snug Harbor Cultural Center]] and its Chinese Scholars Garden, and many more sites.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thirteen.org/statenisland/ |title=A Walk Around Staten Island |first1=David |last1=Hartman |author-link1=David Hartman (TV personality) |first2=Barry |last2=Lewis|year=2007 |publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service]] station [[WNET]] |access-date=October 20, 2009}}</ref>', 772 => '', 773 => 'The [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] and [[The WB|WB]] sitcom ''[[Grounded for Life]]'' (2001–2005) was centered on a family of Irish heritage living on Staten Island.<ref>{{cite web|title=Grounded for Life|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0255734/|website=IMDB|date=January 10, 2001|access-date=April 18, 2018}}</ref>', 774 => '', 775 => 'All four cast members of [[truTV]] hidden camera [[reality TV]] show ''[[Impractical Jokers]]'' (2011–) hail from Staten Island. [[Joe Gatto (comedian)|Joe Gatto]], [[James "Murr" Murray]], [[Brian "Q" Quinn]], and [[Sal Vulcano]] are four friends who originally met while attending [[Monsignor Farrell High School]], where they formed the improv comedy troupe [[The Tenderloins]]. ''Impractical Jokers'' features many references to Staten Island and filming often takes place in the borough. On February 6, 2023, the borough declared the first Monday of every February "Impractical Jokers Day" in honor of the show.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-25 |title=truTV's "Impractical Jokers" Receive Dedicated Day From Hometown of Staten Island on February 6 AT 6:30PM ET/PT |url=https://wbd.com/trutvs-impractical-jokers-receive-dedicated-day-from-hometown-of-staten-island-on-february-6-at-630pm-et-pt/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=Warner Bros. Discovery |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Impractical Jokers Day' becomes official on Staten Island |url=https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/arts-entertainment/2023/02/07/-impractical-jokers-day--becomes-official-on-staten-island |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=www.ny1.com |language=en}}</ref>', 776 => '', 777 => 'The [[FX (TV channel)|FX]] [[comedy horror]] series [[What We Do in the Shadows (TV series)|''What We Do in the Shadows'']] (2019–) is centered on a group of vampires who live on Staten Island.<ref>{{cite web|title=What We Do in the Shadows|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7908628/|website=IMDB|date=March 27, 2019|access-date=August 1, 2019}}</ref> The fact that they live on Staten Island and not more centrally in New York City is a common joke within the series, and their attempts to take over the entire borough have resulted in control of only five houses, according to the group.', 778 => '', 779 => '====Theater====', 780 => 'The [[St. George Theatre]] serves as a cultural arts center, hosting educational programs, architectural tours, television and film shoots, concerts, comedy, [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] touring companies, and small and large children's shows. Artists who have performed there include [[the B-52's]], [[Jonas Brothers]], [[Tony Bennett]], and [[Don McLean]]. In 2012, the NBC musical drama ''[[Smash (TV series)|Smash]]'' series filmed several scenes there.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.silive.com/entertainment/tvfilm/index.ssf/2012/01/officials_at_staten_islands_st.html|title=Officials at Staten Island's St. George Theatre applaud exposure as NBC's 'Smash' films|work=SILive.com|date=January 17, 2012}}</ref>', 781 => '', 782 => 'The Ritz Theater in [[Port Richmond, Staten Island|Port Richmond]], a [[movie theater]] and [[vaudeville]] venue now a home-improvement showroom, once hosted the biggest names in [[rock and roll]] and [[show business]]. The theater was built by Isle Theatrical and opened in 1924.<ref name="lundrigan">{{cite book |last1=Lundrigan |first1=Margaret |title=Staten Island: Isle of the Bay |date=2004 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=0-7385-2443-3 |pages=118 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-p4lHNbJfE8C&pg=PA118 |access-date=January 27, 2019}}</ref> From 1970 to 1972, the theater had an arrangement with a [[Manhattan]] club that enabled them to bring top names, many of whom are now in the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]], to the location.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ritz Theater in Staten Island |url=http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/1930 |website=Cinema Treasures |publisher=Cinema Treasures, LLC |access-date=January 26, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=RITZ THEATER, Port Richmond |url=https://forgotten-ny.com/2014/03/ritz-theater-port-richmond/ |website=Forgotten New York |access-date=January 26, 2019 |date=March 24, 2014}}</ref>', 783 => '', 784 => 'The Stadium Theatre was a 1,037-seat movie theater in [[Tottenville, Staten Island|Tottenville]] from 1927 to 1957. In January 1969 it re-opened as the New Stadium Theatre and was a rock-music venue, but by the 1970s it had become the site of a [[roller rink]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Stadium Theatre in Staten Island |url=http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/3383 |publisher=Cinema Treasures |access-date=January 26, 2019}}</ref>', 785 => '', 786 => 'The Lane Theater in [[New Dorp, Staten Island|New Dorp]] opened on February 10, 1938, and was operated by Charles, Lewis and Elias Moses.<ref name=lundrigan/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gray |first1=Christopher |title=STREETSCAPES: The Lane Theater; In a 1930's Movie Palace, the Stars Still Come Out |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/25/realestate/streetscapes-the-lane-theater-in-a-1930-s-movie-palace-the-stars-still-come-out.html |access-date=January 27, 2019 |newspaper=New York Times |date=September 25, 1988}}</ref> The theater's interior has been [[List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Staten Island|landmarked]] since November 1988. Starting in 1998, several concerts were hosted;<ref>{{cite web |last1=Walsh |first1=Kevin |title=GRANT CITY/NEW DORP, Staten Island |url=https://forgotten-ny.com/2010/05/grant-citynew-dorp-staten-island/ |website=Forgotten New York |access-date=January 27, 2019 |date=May 31, 2010}}</ref> and the theater briefly hosted "The EleMent" nightclub in 2001. After renovations were completed in summer 2009, Uncle Vinnie's Comedy Club opened there, operating until 2011.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Reifer |first1=Jodi Lee |title=Uncle Vinnie's Comedy Club set to open its doors |url=https://www.silive.com/entertainment/music/2009/11/uncle_vinnies_comedy_club_set.html |access-date=January 27, 2019 |agency=SILive.com |newspaper=Staten Island Advance |date=November 12, 2009}}</ref> In 2012 the building became the home of the Crossroads Church.<ref>{{cite web |title=Want a piece of the old Lane Theater? It's yours for $995 |url=https://www.silive.com/news/2014/10/want_a_piece_of_the_lane_its_y.html |website=SILive.com |publisher=Staten Island Advance |access-date=January 27, 2019 |date=October 14, 2014}}</ref>', 787 => '', 788 => '==Sports==', 789 => '{{See also|Sports in New York City}}', 790 => '[[File:Richmond County Bank Ballpark.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Richmond County Bank Ballpark]]]]', 791 => '', 792 => '=== Baseball ===', 793 => 'The [[Staten Island Yankees]] played in the [[New York–Penn League]] from 1999 to 2020; the team was a Class-A Minor League affiliate of the [[New York Yankees]] before being eliminated during the restructuring of Minor League Baseball. The Yankees have stated they hope to assist in creating a new team for Staten Island in the independent [[Atlantic League of Professional Baseball|Atlantic League]]. Staten Island is now home to the minor league Staten Island FerryHawks of the Atlantic League and playing their home games at Staten Island University Hospital ballpark.<ref>{{cite web |title=New York Yankees announce new Minor League affiliation structure |url=https://www.mlb.com/press-release/press-release-yankees-announce-new-minor-league-affiliation-structure |website=MLB.com |publisher=Major League Baseball|access-date=January 19, 2019 |date=November 30, 2018}}</ref>', 794 => '', 795 => 'The [[New York Metropolitans]] of the [[American Association (19th century)|American Association]] played baseball on Staten Island from April 1886 through 1887. [[Erastus Wiman]], the developer of St. George, brought the team to Staten Island at a stadium called the [[St. George Cricket Grounds|St. George Grounds]], near the site of the present-day Staten Island Yankees' [[Richmond County Bank Ballpark]] and the Staten Island Ferry terminal.', 796 => '', 797 => 'Staten Island's Mid-Island Little League won the [[1964 Little League World Series]] in [[Williamsport, Pennsylvania]]. Three Mid-Island Little League teams and six overall from Staten Island have reached the tournament since it started in 1947.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Natale |first1=Christopher |title=Little League World Series: This Staten Island team plays big |url=https://elitesportsny.com/2018/08/14/little-league-world-series-staten-island-team-plays-big/ |access-date=January 19, 2019 |work=Elite Sports NY |publisher=Robby Sabo |date=August 14, 2018}}</ref> Staten Island Little League was the island's first Little League. Its "founding fathers"; Buddy Cusack, Jiggs Seaman, John Marino, Joe Darcy Sr., Joe "Babe" Darcy Jr., Ed Elliott, and Jim Darcy, built Hy Turkin Field (and additional fields) in [[Dongan Hills, Staten Island|Dongan Hills]] and have been inducted as a group into the [[Staten Island Sports Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=De Biase |first1=Charlie |title=Staten Island Sports Hall of Fame announces 8 new inductees |url=https://expo.silive.com/sports/erry-2018/11/b8f439bdfb4877/staten-island-sports-hall-of-f.html |website=SILive.com |publisher=Staten Island Advance |access-date=January 19, 2019 |date=November 30, 2018}}</ref>', 798 => '', 799 => '=== Basketball ===', 800 => 'In 2015, the ''[[New York Post]]'' listed Staten Island's all-time basketball team as: [[Warren Fenley]], [[Kyle McAlarney]], Bill Murtha, [[Kevin O'Connor (basketball)|Kevin O'Connor]], Kenny Page.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Botemps |first1=Tim |title=Kareem, Cousy and the all-time NYC basketball team |url=https://nypost.com/2015/02/11/kareem-cousy-and-the-all-time-nyc-basketball-team/ |access-date=January 18, 2019 |work=New York Post |date=February 11, 2015}}</ref> As of 2014, McAlarney was Staten Island's all-time high-school boys' scoring leader with 2,566 points.<ref>{{cite web |title=HS boys' basketball: Staten Island Career Schoring Leaders |url=http://highschoolsports.silive.com/news/article/6945101647978068782/hs-boys-basketball-staten-island-career-scoring-leaders/ |website=SILive.com |date=January 30, 2014 |publisher=Staten Island Advance |access-date=January 21, 2019}}</ref>', 801 => '', 802 => '=== Bowling ===', 803 => 'Staten Island has been home to a number of national champions and world-class bowlers, including [[Mark Roth]], [[Johnny Petraglia]], Mary Ontek,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blog.silive.com/memories_column/2010/11/staten_islands_famous_daughters.html|title=Staten Island's famous daughters|date=November 7, 2010|access-date=January 21, 2019|agency=Staten Island Advance}}</ref> Ben McNevich, Dom LaBargo, and Joseph Berardi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pba.com/bowlers/HallOfFame/263|title=Joe Berardi, PBA Hall of Fame|publisher=Professional Bowlers Association|access-date=January 21, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.silive.com/memories_column/2014/10/staten_island_has_illustrious_bowling_history.html|title=Staten Island has illustrious bowling history|website=SILive.com|date=October 2014|publisher=Staten Island Advance}}</ref> Roth, Petraglia and Berardi are in the [[Professional Bowlers Association]] (PBA) Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pba.com/bowlers/hofbowlers|title=Hall of Fame Bowlers|publisher=Professional Bowlers Association|access-date=January 21, 2019}}</ref>', 804 => '', 805 => '=== Boxing ===', 806 => 'The [[New York Golden Gloves|Daily News Golden Gloves Tournament]] started in 1927. It is believed that Eppie Alonzo, who lived and trained at the Mount Loretto Home for Boys, is the first Staten Islander to win a Daily News Golden Gloves championship. Alonzo won his division in 1949 and again in 1950. Other Staten Islanders who have won a Daily News Golden Gloves championship include: Gabe Perillo Jr. (1974), [[Kevin Rooney (boxer)|Kevin Rooney]] (1975), Al Tobe (1975), Johnny Verderosa (1975, 1976), Gary Stark Jr. (2000, 2001, 2002), Amanda Walsh (2008), Nafisa Umarova (2012), Chad Trabuscio (2012), Anthony Caramanno (2008, 2010, 2012).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Matteo |first1=Thomas |title=Staten Island has a long, proud history of boxing champions in the Golden Gloves |url=https://www.silive.com/memories_column/2012/04/staten_island_has_a_long_proud_history_of_boxing_champions_in_the_golden_gloves.html |access-date=28 November 2020 |publisher=Staten Island Advance |date=April 22, 2012}}</ref>', 807 => '', 808 => '=== College athletics ===', 809 => 'The Wagner College [[Wagner Seahawks|Seahawks]] participate in [[NCAA Division I]] athletics and are a member of the [[Northeast Conference]] (NEC). [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA) coach [[P. J. Carlesimo]] coached the [[Wagner Seahawks men's basketball|men's basketball]] team from 1976 to 1982. [[Terrance Bailey]] led [[List of NCAA Division I men's basketball season scoring leaders|NCAA Division I basketball in scoring]] as a junior in 1985–86. [[Rich Kotite]], a former NFL player and coach, played tight end on Wagner's football team in the 1960s.', 810 => '', 811 => 'The [[College of Staten Island]] Dolphins participate in [[NCAA Division II]] athletics. The [[College of Staten Island Baseball Complex]] was the home of the [[Staten Island Yankees]] until 2001.', 812 => '', 813 => '=== Cricket ===', 814 => 'The [[Staten Island Cricket Club]], founded in 1872, is the oldest continuously operating [[cricket]] club in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://statenislandcc.org |title=Staten Island Cricket Club |access-date=April 4, 2019}}</ref>', 815 => '', 816 => '=== Football ===', 817 => 'Staten Island had a [[National Football League]] (NFL) team, the [[Staten Island Stapletons|Stapletons]], also known as the Stapes. The team was based in [[Stapleton, Staten Island|Stapleton]] at [[Thompson Stadium (Staten Island)|Thompson Stadium]], located on the current site of [[New York City Department of Education|Berta A. Dreyfus Intermediate School 49]] and the [[Stapleton Houses]]. They played in the league from 1929 to 1932, defeating the [[New York Giants]] twice and the [[History of the Chicago Cardinals|Chicago Cardinals]] once. During the [[1932 NFL season]], the Stapletons, last in the NFL, played the eventual season champion [[Chicago Bears]] to a scoreless tie. [[Pro Football Hall of Fame|Football Hall of Famer]] [[Ken Strong]] played for the Stapletons.', 818 => '', 819 => 'The following NFL players were born on Staten Island: [[Joe Andruzzi]] (1998–2006), [[Frank Ferrara]] (2001–2003), [[James Jenkins (American football)|James Jenkins]] (1991–2000), [[David Richards (American football)|David Richards]] (1988–1996), [[1960 New York Titans season#Roster|Joseph Ryan]] (1960), [[Lewis Sanders]] (2000–2007), [[Mike Siani (American football)|Mike Siani]] (1972–1980), [[Frank Umont]] (1944–1948, then MLB umpire 1954–1973).<ref>{{cite web |title=NY Born NFLers |url=http://www.section4football.com/ |website=Section 4 Football |access-date=January 19, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Players Born in New York, USA |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/friv/birthplaces.cgi?country=USA&state=NY |website=Pro Football Reference |publisher=Sports Reference}}</ref> NFL coaches [[Kevin Coyle]] and [[Lou Anarumo]] were also born on Staten Island.', 820 => '', 821 => 'The New York Predators of the semi-pro Regional American Football League have called Staten Island home since their inception in 1998. Owned by Bill Simo, they play most home games at St. Peter's H.S.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pred History|url=http://www.nypredators.net/pred/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1289&Itemid=790|publisher=New York Predators|access-date=September 20, 2013}}</ref>', 822 => '', 823 => '=== Golf ===', 824 => '[[File:Isaac_Mackie,_1905_match_at_Fox_Hills_vs._Walter_Clark.PNG|thumb|right|250px|A 1905 golf match with [[Isaac Mackie]] (right) at Fox Hills Golf Club, Staten Island, NY]]', 825 => 'Staten Island has four [[golf course]]s. [[La Tourette Golf Course|La Tourette]], Silver Lake, and South Shore are public, while [[Richmond County Country Club]] is the only private country club in New York City. The New York City Amateur<ref>{{cite web |title=New York City Amateur Championship |url=http://www.amateurgolf.com/amateur-golf-tournaments/6987/New-York-City-Amateur-Championship |website=AmateurGolf.com |access-date=January 20, 2019}}</ref> is conducted annually at La Tourette Golf Course by the Staten Island Golf Association.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tournament Information |url=http://www.sigagolf.com/entry-forms |publisher=Staten Island Golf Association |access-date=January 20, 2019}}</ref>', 826 => '', 827 => 'By some estimates, Staten Island has been the site of nearly a dozen golf courses. ', 828 => '*Harbour Hills Golf Links near Brighton, Lafayette, and Prospect Avenue in [[New Brighton, Staten Island|New Brighton]] opened in 1878 and is said to have conducted the island's first golf tournaments. In 1898, the club opened a new clubhouse opposite the Brighton Heights Inn along Castleton Avenue.<ref>{{cite web |title=Harbour Hill Golf Club. Special Notice |url=https://statenisland.pastperfectonline.com/webobject/31E7C756-90FF-41B1-870B-122070332548 |website=Historic Richmondtown |access-date=March 19, 2019}}</ref> In 1904, the Brooklyn Daily Eagle Almanac reported that the club had 250 members and had been officially incorporated in 1896.<ref>{{cite book |title=Brooklyn Daily Eagle Almanac |date=January 1904 |publisher=Brooklyn Daily Eagle |page=123 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yMUWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA123 |access-date=March 12, 2019}}</ref> Today most of the property is known as Goodhue Park and Allison Pond Park.', 829 => '*Clovena Club was in the vicinity of Clove Road and Victory Boulevard in 1897.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Flannagan |first1=Tom |title=Fox Hills course left a mark long ago |url=https://www.silive.com/golf/2012/09/tom_flannagan_golf_column_fox.html |access-date=March 19, 2019 |newspaper=Staten Island Advance}}</ref>', 830 => '*[[Staten Island Cricket Club|Staten Island Cricket and Base Ball Club]] had a course in [[Livingston, Staten Island|Livingston]] and was a Charter member of the Metropolitan Golf Association. Besides the "baseball" name, it is also seen in journals at the time as Staten Island Country Club and Staten Island Cricket Club. As with other clubs making the transition from cricket to golf, the organization completed planning for what would become the Fox Hills Golf Course by identifying the {{convert|110|acre|ha|adj=on}} site and hiring an architect, but abandoned golf in 1899. ', 831 => '*Fox Hills Golf Course was one of the island's first true 18-hole courses. It opened in 1900 with over 200 members and had nearly 275 members by 1904. Fox Hills was semi-private, and attracted players from around the [[New York metropolitan area]] to its location in Clifton off Vanderbilt Avenue and Targee Street, where its clubhouse was one of the largest in the country. Prolific golf architect [[Tom Bendelow]] was selected to develop the course's original layout.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sabino |first1=John |title=Golf's Iron Horse: The Astonishing, Record-Breaking Life of Ralph Kennedy |date=2017 |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-5701-1347-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWSCDwAAQBAJ |access-date=March 12, 2019}}</ref> Fox Hills's head professional, Scotsman [[Isaac Mackie]], worked with [[Walter Travis]] in 1906 to revamp the golf course, and in 1928 [[Donald Ross (golfer)|Donald Ross]] made additional changes. Mackie played in at least 12 [[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Opens]] from 1901 to 1921, and won the Eastern PGA Championship in 1908 at Fox Hills. From 1899 through 1926 the Staten Island Amateur was played annually at either Fox Hills or Richmond County Country Club. Like many private golf courses of that era, the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]], as well as the growing number of public courses, contributed to the end of the club and Fox Hills closed in 1935.<ref>{{cite news |title=Talking old Staten Island golf is always a pleasure |url=https://www.silive.com/golf/2015/06/golf_column_talking_old_staten.html |access-date=March 11, 2019 |newspaper=Staten Island Advance |date=June 7, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Missing links: A short history of Island golf |url=http://blog.silive.com/memories_column/2010/06/missing_linksa_short_history_of_island_golf.html |website=SILive.com |access-date=March 11, 2019 |date=June 27, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1900: The Goats That Goaded the Fox Hill Golfers on Staten Island |url=http://hatchingcatnyc.com/2015/04/08/1900-the-goats-that-goaded-the-fox-hill-golfers-on-staten-island/ |website=The Hatching Cat |access-date=March 4, 2019 |date=April 8, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Fox Hills boasts world's largest Army hospital |url=https://www.silive.com/specialreports/2011/03/post_1.html |website=SILive.com |access-date=March 11, 2019 |date=March 27, 2011}}</ref>', 832 => '*Tysen Manor Golf Course, which was located on {{convert|100|acre|ha|adj=on}} site between Hylan Boulevard, Mill Road, New Dorp Lane, and Tysens Lane, was in existence from 1928 until 1936. The course was operated by Henry H. Nutt. Tavern on the Green, a restaurant that closed in 1976, was originally the golf course's clubhouse, near the location of the current post office on Hylan Boulevard.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 4, 1928 |title=Tysen Manor Golf Course record lowered to 69 |url=https://www.silive.com/news/2014/09/advance_historic_page_from_sep_42.html |website=SILive.com |access-date=March 11, 2019}}</ref>', 833 => '*Mayflower Country Club's golf course, designed by [[Devereux Emmet]] with Alfred H. Tull,<ref>{{cite web |title=Oak Hills Park, Course Architect |url=https://www.oakhillsgc.com/course/course-architect |website=Oak Hills Golf Course |access-date=March 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Devereux Emmet Society |url=http://www.golfclubatlas.com/forum/index.php?topic=46600.85;wap2 |website=Golf Club Atlas |access-date=March 12, 2019}}</ref> was built on a {{convert|147|acre|ha|adj=on}} tract in [[Huguenot, Staten Island|Huguenot]] in 1928.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dickenson |first1=Richard |title=Holden's Staten Island: The History of Richmond County: Revised Resource Manual |date=2003 |publisher=Center for Migration Studies |location=Wiley Online Library |isbn=1-57703-028-1 |pages=178–179 |chapter=VIII: The Cosmopolitan Period: Since 1898|doi=10.1111/j.2050-411X.2003.tb00307.x }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Flannagan |first1=Tom |title=South Shore golf course has intriguing history |url=https://www.silive.com/southshore/2011/02/south_shore_golf_course_has_in.html |website=SILive.com |access-date=March 11, 2019 |date=February 17, 2011}}</ref> The club had designs for sporting facilities that included an indoor swimming pool and tennis courts, but member funding dried up once the [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|stock market crashed in 1929]]. Regardless, Frank B. Sterner & Co. built the country club's clubhouse for $200,000 in 1930, and the first annual club championship was conducted in September 1931. [[New York City]] took over the site in 1966 and opened South Shore Golf Course in 1967.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Licciardello |first1=Anthony |title=Golf on Staten Island: South Shore Country Club and Golf Course |url=http://www.realestatesiny.com |website=Real Estate in New York |access-date=March 13, 2019 |date=February 20, 2012}}</ref>', 834 => '*Willowbrook State School Golf Course was a 9-hole layout on Forest Hill Road that opened in May 1945 and closed in the 1960s. The Metropolitan section of the [[Professional Golfers' Association of America]] (PGA) funded construction of the golf course at [[Willowbrook State School|Halloran General Hospital]] in support of the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] and the war effort. [[Robert Trent Jones|Robert Trent Jones Sr.]] designed a layout that consisted of all par-3s on {{convert|23|acre|ha}}. Jones modeled the holes on what he thought were the great par-3s of the world and the unique course opened with complimentary reviews.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hansen |first1=James |title=A difficult par: Robert Trent Jones Sr. and the making of modern golf |date=May 12, 2015 |publisher=Avery |isbn=978-1592409396 |page=131 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YYapAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA131 |access-date=March 11, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Halloran Course is Exhibit of Famous Short Holes |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/golfd/article/1945fal36.pdf |website=MSU.edu |publisher=Golfdom |access-date=March 12, 2019 |date=1945}}</ref>', 835 => '', 836 => '[[Bill Britton]], a tournament winner on the [[PGA Tour]], and [[Jim Albus]], a multiple winner on the [[PGA Tour Champions]], learned the game on Staten Island. Both won the prestigious [[Metropolitan Open]]. Albus was the head professional at La Tourette and a winner of the [[Senior Players Championship]]. [[Carolyn Cudone]], raised on Staten Island, won a record five straight [[United States Senior Women's Amateur Golf Championship|U.S. Senior Women's Amateur]] championships between 1968 and 1972, the most wins in a row by an individual in any [[United States Golf Association]] (USGA) championship. Frank Esposito, who learned the game on Staten Island, won the 2014 PGA Tour Champions National Qualifying Tournament.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pgatour.com/champions/news/2014/11/21/frank-esposito-wins-national-qualifying.html |title=Esposito is medalist at National Qualifying |publisher=PGA of America |date=November 21, 2014 |access-date=March 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Flannagan |first1=Tom |title=Frank Esposito gives us someone to root for on tour |url=https://www.silive.com/golf/2014/05/frank_esposito_gives_us_someon_1.html |newspaper=Staten Island Advance |date=May 24, 2014 |access-date=March 13, 2019}}</ref> Sean Kelly, a regular golfer at Silver Lake Golf Course, took medalist honors at both the First and Second Stage of the 2018 [[Korn Ferry Tour|Web.com Tour]] [[Qualifying school|Qualifying Tournament]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Decker |first1=Brian |title=Q&A: Sean Kelly |url=https://www.pgatour.com/canada/en_us/news/2017/11/22/sean-kelly-qna.html |publisher=PGA of America |access-date=January 25, 2019 |date=November 22, 2017}}</ref>', 837 => '', 838 => 'Frank Hannigan was the USGA Executive Director and a TV golf analyst for ABC. He wrote for the ''Staten Island Advance'' as a golf columnist and was influential in bringing the US Open to Shinnecock Hills and Bethpage State Park, and promoted the creation of the New York City Amateur.<ref>{{cite news |title=Frank Hannigan, USGA executive, dies at 82 |url=https://www.silive.com/golf/2014/03/frank_hannigan_usga_executive.html |access-date=February 15, 2019 |agency=Associated Press |publisher=SILive.com |date=March 23, 2014}}</ref> Staten Island native Joe Moresco was President of the Metropolitan section of the PGA in 1969 and 1970, was the Section's Professional of the Year in 1971 and is a member of the PGA Metropolitan Section Hall of Fame, along with Jim Albus.<ref>{{cite web |title=Metropolitan Section - PGA Hall of Fame |url=http://met.pga.com/hall-of-fame.html |website=Metropolitan Section PGA |publisher=PGA of America |access-date=January 25, 2019}}</ref>', 839 => '', 840 => '=== Ice hockey ===', 841 => 'The following [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) players were born on Staten Island: [[Nick Fotiu]], [[Kevin Labanc]], [[Zach Aston-Reese]], [[Joe Gambardella]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eliteprospects.com/search/player?birthplace=Staten+Island%2C+NY%2C+USA|title=Hockey players from Staten Island, NY, USA|website=Elite Hockey Prospects|publisher=EliteProspects.com|access-date=January 21, 2019}}</ref>', 842 => '', 843 => '=== Motor sports ===', 844 => 'From 1953 until 1972 [[Stock car racing|stock car races]] were held weekly from May until October at a 1/5th-mile asphalt racetrack on Staten Island. The local dairy, owned by the Weissglass family, financed promoter Gabe Rispoli with $700 so he could make improvements to an existing sporting facility that became known as Weissglass Stadium.<ref>{{cite web |last1=LeBlanc |first1=George |title=Weissglass Speedway |url=http://www.weissglassspeedway.com/ |website=Weissglassspeedway.com |access-date=January 23, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A Few Weissglass Memories |url=https://www.3widespicturevault.com/3Wides_Weisglass_MemoriesA_Home_New_.htm |website=3widespicturevault.com |publisher=3 Wides Picture Vault |access-date=January 23, 2019}}</ref>', 845 => '', 846 => 'There was a controversial plan by the [[International Speedway|International Speedway Corporation]] (ISC) to build an 82,000-seat race track<ref>{{cite web |last1=Caldwell |first1=Dave |title=Trump Still Owes NASCAR A Super Speedway |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davecaldwell/2018/08/05/trump-still-owes-nascar-that-super-speedway/#2dbce361d40b |website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=January 29, 2019 |date=August 5, 2018}}</ref> on the island that would host National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing ([[NASCAR]]) races by 2010. The ISC abandoned the plan in 2006 citing financial concerns, and sold the {{convert|676|acre|ha|adj=on}} parcel in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=ISC Sells Staten Island Property |url=http://www.internationalspeedwaycorporation.com/Articles/2013/08/ISC-Sells-Staten-Island-Property.aspx |website=InternationalSpeedwayCorporation.com |publisher=International Speedway Corporation |access-date=January 18, 2019 |archive-date=January 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119174220/http://www.internationalspeedwaycorporation.com/Articles/2013/08/ISC-Sells-Staten-Island-Property.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>', 847 => '', 848 => '=== Olympians ===', 849 => 'The following Islanders have qualified to participate in the [[Olympic Games]]:<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Jerry |title=A look back at Staten Island's Magnificent 7 Olympians |url=https://www.silive.com/olympics/2016/08/a_look_back_at_staten_islands.html |access-date=January 21, 2019 |newspaper=Staten Island Advance |date=August 8, 2016}}</ref>', 850 => '*[[John Henry Lake]] ([[Cycling at the 1900 Summer Olympics|1900: Cycling]], Bronze medal winner)', 851 => '*[[Abel Kiviat]] ([[Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres|1912: Athletics – 1500 Meters]], Silver medal winner); World record holder', 852 => '*[[Frankie Genaro]] ([[Boxing at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Flyweight|1920: Boxing – Flyweight]], Gold medal winner) ', 853 => '*[[Carl Borack]] ([[Fencing at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Men's team foil|1972: Fencing – Men's team foil]])', 854 => '*[[Marilyn King]] ([[Athletics at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Women's pentathlon|1972: Athletics – Pentathlon]]; [[Athletics at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Women's pentathlon|1976: Athletics – Pentathlon]]; [[Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Women's pentathlon|1980: Athletics – Pentathlon]])', 855 => '*[[Bill Jankunis]] ([[Athletics at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Men's high jump|1976: Athletics – High Jump]]) ', 856 => '*Ray Rudolph ([[Handball at the 1980 Summer Olympics|1980: Handball]])', 857 => '*Dominick Minicucci ([[Gymnastics at the 1988 Summer Olympics|1988: Gymnastics]]; [[Gymnastics at the 1992 Summer Olympics|1992: Gymnastics]])', 858 => '*Robert Pipkins ([[Luge at the 1992 Winter Olympics|1992: Luge]]; [[Luge at the 1994 Winter Olympics|1994: Luge]])', 859 => '*[[Silvia Fontana]] ([[Figure skating at the 2002 Winter Olympics|2002: Figure skating]], [[Figure skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics|2006: Figure skating]])', 860 => '*[[Marcus Browne]] ([[Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's light heavyweight|2012: Boxing – Light Heavyweight]])', 861 => '*[[Gary di Silvestri]] ([[Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's 15 kilometre classical|2014: Cross-Country Skiing – 15 kilometre classical]])', 862 => '*[[Robby Andrews]] ([[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres|2016: Athletics – 1500 Meters]])', 863 => '*[[Krystal Lara]] ([[Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke|2020: Swimming – 100 metre backstroke]]; [[Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metre backstroke|Swimming - 200 metre backstroke]])', 864 => '', 865 => '[[Elmer Ripley]], a member of the [[Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame|Basketball Hall of Fame]] and Staten Island native, coached the Olympic basketball teams for Israel (1956) and Canada (1960).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/30/obituaries/elmer-ripley-retired-coach.html |title=Elmer Ripley, Retired Coach |newspaper=New York Times |date=April 30, 1982 |access-date=December 14, 2019}}</ref>', 866 => '', 867 => '===Running===', 868 => 'The [[New York City Marathon]] is a foot race run over a {{convert|42.2|km|mi|abbr=on}} course through the five boroughs of New York City. The marathon starts each year on Staten Island.', 869 => '', 870 => 'The Ocean Breeze Track and Field Athletic Complex is a state-of-the-art indoor track and field facility in Ocean Breeze Park that is part of the [[South Beach, Staten Island|South Beach]] section of Staten Island. On November 19, 2015, the complex became the first facility in the United States to be recognized as a certified [[World Athletics|International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF)]] facility.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Ocean Breeze |url=https://oceanbreezenyc.org/sports/2015/12/2/GRL_1202151505.aspx |website=Ocrean Breeze Athletic Complex |publisher=CBS Sports Digital |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> A project under Mayor Bloomberg's Design Excellence initiative, the athletic complex was designed as part of the PlaNYC 110-acre Ocean Breeze regional park.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schaulsohn |first1=Camila |title=Archtober's Building of the Day: Ocean Breeze Track and Fieldhouse |url=https://www.archpaper.com/2016/10/archtober-ocean-breeze-track-fieldhouse/ |website=Archtober |date=October 4, 2016 |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> The project, launched in 2007, encountered several delays, including a four-month setback due to Hurricane Sandy that exposed the vulnerability of generators, transformers, and electronic control rooms all of which had to be raised to avoid storm-surge flooding.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rizzi |first1=Nicholas |title=Take a Look Inside Staten Island's New $93M Indoor Track Center |url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20140805/ocean-breeze/take-look-inside-staten-islands-new-93m-indoor-track-center/ |website=DNAinfo |access-date=27 November 2020 |archive-date=November 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118023638/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20140805/ocean-breeze/take-look-inside-staten-islands-new-93m-indoor-track-center/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>', 871 => '', 872 => '=== Tennis ===', 873 => '[[Tennis]] is said to have made its United States debut on Staten Island. The first American National championship was played at the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club (now known as the Staten Island Cricket Club) in September 1880.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://victorianfootnotes.net/2011/05/24/the-staten-island-cricket-and-baseball-club/|title=The Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club|date=May 24, 2011|website=Victorian Footnotes|publisher=Wordpress.com|access-date=January 19, 2019}}</ref> Tennis was introduced in Staten Island by [[Mary Ewing Outerbridge]].<ref>"Lawn-Tennis on Staten Island". ''[[The New York Times]]''. September 4, 1880. Retrieved May 2, 2012.</ref>', 874 => '', 875 => '[[Robert Wrenn|Robert "Bob" Duffield Wrenn]] four-time [[US Open (tennis)|U.S. singles championship]] winner, and one of the first inductees in the [[International Tennis Hall of Fame]] was a tennis member at Richmond County Country Club. His brother [[George Wrenn]] and friend [[Arthur E. Foote]] were also members.<ref>{{cite web |title=Richmond County New York Genealogy and History, Sports News |url=http://genealogytrails.com/ny/richmond/news_sportsnews2.html |publisher=Genealogy Trails |access-date=January 23, 2019 |date=2019 |archive-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918011117/http://genealogytrails.com/ny/richmond/news_sportsnews2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>', 876 => '', 877 => '==Education==', 878 => '{{See also|Education in New York City|List of high schools in New York City}}', 879 => '', 880 => '===Public schools===', 881 => 'Non-charter public schools in the borough are managed by the [[New York City Department of Education]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st36_ny/schooldistrict_maps/c36085_richmond/DC20SD_C36085.pdf|title=2020 census - school district reference map: Richmond County, NY|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2022-07-22}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st36_ny/schooldistrict_maps/c36085_richmond/DC20SD_C36085_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref> the largest public school system in the United States.', 882 => '', 883 => 'Public middle schools include Intermediate Schools 2, [[Elias Bernstein Intermediate School|7]], 24, 27, 30, [[Totten Intermediate School 34|34]], [[New York City Department of Education|49]], 51, 61, [[The Police Officer Rocco Laurie Intermediate School|72]] and 75; and 861, a K–to–8 school; as well as part of the [[Michael J. Petrides School|Petrides School]] (which runs from [[kindergarten]] through [[High school (North America)|high school]]).', 884 => '', 885 => 'Public high schools include:', 886 => '* [[College of Staten Island High School for International Studies]]', 887 => '* [[Curtis High School]]', 888 => '* [[Gaynor McCown Expeditionary Learning School]]', 889 => '* [[New Dorp High School]]', 890 => '*[[Michael J. Petrides School|Petrides High School]]', 891 => '* [[Port Richmond High School]]', 892 => '* [[Ralph R. McKee CTE High School]]', 893 => '* [[Staten Island Technical High School]]', 894 => '* [[Susan E. Wagner High School]]', 895 => '* [[Tottenville High School]]', 896 => '', 897 => '===Private schools===', 898 => '* [[Staten Island Academy]] is the only independent private (non-public, non-religious) grade school on the island and is one of the oldest in the country.', 899 => '', 900 => ''''[[Nondenominational Christianity|Nondenominational Christian]]'''', 901 => '* Gateway Academy (co-educational)', 902 => '', 903 => ''''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]'''', 904 => '* [[Monsignor Farrell High School]] (all-boys)', 905 => '* [[Moore Catholic High School]] (co-educational)', 906 => '* [[Notre Dame Academy (Staten Island)|Notre Dame Academy (New York)]] (all-girls)', 907 => '* [[St. Joseph by the Sea High School]] (co-educational)', 908 => '* [[St. Joseph Hill Academy]] (all-girls)', 909 => '* [[St. Peter's Boys High School]] (all-boys)', 910 => '', 911 => ''''[[Islam]]ic'''', 912 => '* [[Miraj Islamic School]] (co-educational)', 913 => '', 914 => ''''[[Judaism|Jewish]]'''', 915 => '', 916 => '*Jewish Foundation School (co-educational)', 917 => '*[[Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem]], Staten Island campus (all-boys)', 918 => '*Yeshiva Merkaz HaTorah (separate boys and girls)', 919 => '', 920 => '===Colleges and universities===', 921 => '* The [[College of Staten Island]] is one of the eleven senior colleges of the [[City University of New York]] (CUNY). The college offers associate's and bachelor's degrees, and also offers master's and doctoral-level study.', 922 => '* [[Wagner College]] is a co-educational private liberal arts college with an enrollment of 2,000 undergraduates and 500 graduate students. ', 923 => '*[[St. John's University (New York City)|St. John's University]] has a campus on Staten Island. It is a private, co-educational Roman Catholic university.', 924 => '', 925 => '==Transportation==', 926 => '<!--[[File:NYC-Skyline-s.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lower Manhattan]] from [[Staten Island Ferry]]]]-->', 927 => '[[File:Staten island ferry 2.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Staten Island Ferry]] provides travel between lower Manhattan and the St. George Terminal.]]', 928 => '', 929 => '===Bridges===', 930 => 'Staten Island is connected to New Jersey via three vehicular bridges and one railroad bridge. The [[Outerbridge Crossing]] to [[Perth Amboy, New Jersey]], is at the southern end of [[New York State Route 440]], and the [[Bayonne Bridge]] to [[Bayonne, New Jersey]], is at the northern end of NY&nbsp;440; both ends of NY&nbsp;440 continue into New Jersey as [[New Jersey Route 440|Route 440]]. The [[Goethals Bridge]], carrying [[Interstate 278]], connects [[Elizabeth, New Jersey]], onto the [[Interstate 278|Staten Island Expressway]]. Just north of the Goethals, the [[Arthur Kill Vertical Lift Bridge]] carries freight between the northwest part of the island and Elizabeth, New Jersey. The Staten Island Expressway is connected to [[Brooklyn]] via the [[Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge]], which carries I-278. Pedestrian links to Staten Island are available via a footpath on the Bayonne and Goethals Bridges.', 931 => '', 932 => 'From 1964 to 1977, Staten Island contained the longest [[Vertical-lift bridge|vertical lift]], [[Through arch bridge|steel arch]], and [[suspension bridge]]s in the world: the Arthur Kill Vertical Lift Bridge, Bayonne Bridge, and Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, respectively. The Arthur Kill Bridge still holds the title for longest vertical lift bridge, while the Bayonne and Verrazzano bridges are now the 5th- and 14th-longest in their respective categories.', 933 => '', 934 => '===Roads===', 935 => 'As of 2015, 82% of Staten Island households owned a car, the highest rate of any borough. Citywide, the rate was 45%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.tstc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/how-car-free-is-nyc.pdf |date=April 2017 |title=How Car-Free Is NYC? |publisher=Tri-State Transportation Campaign |access-date=January 29, 2019}}</ref> Unlike the other four boroughs, Staten Island has no large, numbered [[grid plan|grid system]] for its roads. [[New Dorp, Staten Island|New Dorp]]'s grid has a few numbered streets, but they do not intersect with any numbered avenues. Some neighborhoods organize their street names alphabetically. In addition to the island's highways (I-278, NY 440, [[Korean War Veterans Parkway]]), the borough's neighborhoods are connected by [[:Category:Streets in Staten Island|a number of heavily trafficked roads]] including [[Hylan Boulevard]], the longest street in New York City.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/11/06/champs-elysees/ |title=In Five Boroughs, Seeing Paris's Famed Avenue |first=Ralph |last=Blumenthal |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 6, 2009 |access-date=February 26, 2019 |quote=Staten Island boasts the longest street in any borough, Hylan Boulevard, running some 14 miles}}</ref>', 936 => '', 937 => '===Public transit===', 938 => 'As of 2021, public transportation on the island is limited to:', 939 => '*[[New York City Department of Transportation]] ([[Staten Island Ferry]])', 940 => '*[[Hornblower Cruises]] ([[NYC Ferry]] – [[NYC Ferry#St. George Ferry|St. George route]])', 941 => '*[[Staten Island Railway]] service from St. George to Tottenville', 942 => '*[[MTA Regional Bus Operations]] ([[List of bus routes in Staten Island|local service on Staten Island]], including some service to Brooklyn; and [[List of express bus routes in New York City#Manhattan to Staten Island|express service to Manhattan]])', 943 => '', 944 => '====Ferry====', 945 => 'The [[Staten Island Ferry]] is the only transportation directly from Staten Island to Manhattan, roughly a 25-minute trip.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nyc.gov/html/dot/html/ferrybus/statfery.shtml#trip |title=Ferries & Busses |publisher=New York City Department of Transportation |access-date=July 14, 2009}}</ref> The [[St. George Terminal]], first opened in 1886,<ref>{{cite news |title=Rapid Transit on Staten Island |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1886/01/17/103950064.pdf |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=July 24, 2015|date=January 17, 1886}}</ref> was rebuilt in 1951<ref>{{cite news |title=New Ferry Depot Will 'Open' Today: Mayor to Dedicate Terminal at Staten Island That Has Been Used in Part for Year |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1951/06/08/306314622.pdf |access-date=September 6, 2016 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 8, 1951}}</ref> and again in the 2000s.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/07/realestate/launching-a-flotilla-of-ferry-terminals.html |title=Launching a Flotilla of Ferry Terminals |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=April 7, 2002 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=September 23, 2017}}</ref> The ferry has been fare-free since 1997. The Staten Island Ferry transports over 60,000 passengers per day. It runs 24/7 every 15 to 20 minutes during weekday rush hours and every 30 minutes at other times.<ref name="siferry-schedule">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/ferrybus/siferryschedule.shtml |title=Staten Island Ferry Schedule |date=October 1, 2015 |publisher=[[New York City Department of Transportation]] |access-date=September 20, 2017}}</ref> The ferries and both of its terminals are patrolled by a combination of the New York City Department of Transportation, New York City Police Department, United States Coast Guard and private security contractors.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.silive.com/news/2019/02/exclusive-city-to-increase-police-revamp-security-at-ferry-following-controversial-video.html |title=Exclusive: City to increase police, revamp security at ferry following controversial video |first=Sydney |last=Kashiwagi |newspaper=Staten Island Advance |date=February 22, 2019 |access-date=February 26, 2019}}</ref>', 946 => '', 947 => 'An [[NYC Ferry]] route operates between St. George Terminal and Manhattan's West Side since August 2021, calling at Battery Park City/Vesey Street and terminating at Pier 79/Midtown West.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://images.ferry.nyc/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/29105205/SG-Web-Sched4_4_2022.pdf?_ga=2.261319181.1887809577.1650119894-1003439230.1650119894 |title=SPRING SCHEDULE. Effective: 4/4/2022 |website=images.ferry.nyc}}</ref> This route is operated separately from the Staten Island Ferry and charges a fare.', 948 => '', 949 => '====Trains====', 950 => '[[File:MTA Staten Island Railway local train at Oakwood Heights.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Staten Island Railway]] operates along the Richmond/Amboy Roads corridor.]]', 951 => '', 952 => 'The [[Staten Island Railway]], currently the borough's only passenger railroad, traverses the island 24/7 from its northeastern tip to its southwestern tip. The Staten Island Railway opened in 1860<ref>{{cite book |last1 = Roess|first1 = Roger P.|last2 = Sansome|first2 = Gene|title = The Wheels That Drove New York: A History of the New York City Transit System|date = 2013|publisher = Springer|isbn = 978-3-642-30484-2|pages = 223–247|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qfZ0VxuLoc0C}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1 = Leigh|first1 = Irvin|last2 = Matus|first2 = Paul|title = Staten Island Rapid Transit: The Essential History|url = http://thethirdrail.net/0201/sirt1.html|publisher = The Third Rail Online|access-date = June 27, 2015|date = January 2002|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150530063638/http://www.thethirdrail.net/0201/sirt1.html|archive-date = May 30, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Staten Island Railroad: Passenger Trains will commence running on this Road, as far as Eltingville|url = http://www.gretschviking.net/GOSIRTPage1_files/image003.jpg|website = gretschviking.net|publisher = Staten Island Railroad|access-date = December 24, 2015|date = April 23, 1860}}</ref> and was owned and operated by the [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] (B&O) until July 1, 1971, when the line was bought by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority.<ref>{{cite web|last1 = Bommer|first1 = Edward|title = The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad in New Jersey|url = http://jcrhs.org/B&O.html|publisher=Jersey Central Railroad Historical Society|access-date = December 17, 2015}}</ref> The Staten Island Railway continued to have its own railway police, the Staten Island Rapid Transit Police, until 2005 when the 25-officer police force was consolidated into the [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority Police Department]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.mta.info/mta/budget/pdf/Section%20VIIe%20-%20Agency%20Financial%20Plans%20-%20SI%20Railway,%20MTA%20Bus%20.pdf |title=MTA Staten Island Railway 2006 Preliminary Budget July Financial Plan 2006-2009 |date=July 2006 |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date=August 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/mta/police/about.html|title=About The MTA Police|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date=December 19, 2018}}</ref>', 953 => '', 954 => 'Staten Island is the only borough not served by the [[New York City Subway]]. A subway tunnel called the [[Staten Island Tunnel]] started construction in 1923, but was abandoned two years later; the completed portion lies dormant beneath Owl's Head Park in Brooklyn.<ref>{{cite web|title=Staten Island Tube Started by Hylan|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1923/04/15/105909915.pdf|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=June 27, 2015|date=April 15, 1923}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Niebuhr|first1=Robert E.|title=They Called The 1923 Narrows Tunnel: 'Hope And A Hole In The Ground'|url=http://www.brooklynrail.net/images/si_bk_tunnel/Narrows_Tunnel_Article_1stPage.jpg|newspaper=Home Reporter and Sunset News |via=[[Brooklyn Historic Railway Association]]|access-date=June 27, 2015|date=November 27, 1964}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Young|first1=James C.|title=Staten Island Waits for Narrows Tunnel|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1925/05/10/101664678.pdf|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=June 27, 2015|date=May 10, 1925}}</ref> Today, [[List of express bus routes in New York City#Manhattan to Staten Island|express bus service]] is provided by [[New York City Transit Authority|NYC Transit]] throughout Staten Island to [[Lower Manhattan]], [[Union Square (Manhattan)|Union Square]], and [[Midtown Manhattan]].', 955 => '', 956 => 'A {{convert|5|mi|km|0|adj=on}} [[Right-of-way (transportation)|right of way]] exists along the north shore of Staten Island. This [[North Shore Branch]] of the Staten Island Railway was built, owned, and operated by the B&O, which used it for passenger service until 1953. It then became a B&O freight line until the 1980s, when service was stopped. There have been proposals to revive the abandoned right-of-way for passenger service as a rail line or for use as [[bus rapid transit]].<ref>{{cite web|title = MTA Capital Program 2015–2019|url = http://web.mta.info/capital/pdf/CapitalProgram2015-19_WEB%20v4%20FINAL_small.pdf|publisher = Metropolitan Transportation Authority|access-date = December 16, 2015}}</ref> There is also a proposal to build a [[Staten Island light rail|West Shore Light Rail]] along [[New York State Route 440]], running from the Staten Island Railway main line on the South Shore, to the [[Hudson–Bergen Light Rail]] in Bayonne, New Jersey.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20140818/elm-park/campaign-bring-light-rail-staten-island-restarts |title=Campaign to Bring Light Rail to Staten Island Restarts |first=Nicholas |last=Rizzi |publisher=DNAinfo |date=August 18, 2014 |access-date=March 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826030302/http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20140818/elm-park/campaign-bring-light-rail-staten-island-restarts |archive-date=August 26, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[South Beach Branch]] of the Staten Island Railway, which transported summer vacationers to [[South Beach, Staten Island]], also ceased service in 1953.<ref>{{cite web|title=Staten Island Railway|date=July 21, 1999|url=http://forgotten-ny.com/1999/07/staten-island-railway/|publisher=Forgotten-NY.com}}</ref>', 957 => '', 958 => '====Buses====', 959 => '{{further|List of bus routes in Staten Island|List of express bus routes in New York City#Manhattan to Staten Island}}', 960 => 'MTA Regional Bus Operations provides local and limited bus service with over 30 lines throughout Staten Island. Most lines feed into the [[St. George Terminal]] in the northeastern corner of the borough. Three lines (the {{NYC bus link|S53|S93|S79 SBS|prose=y}}) provide service over the [[Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge|Verrazzano Bridge]] to [[Bay Ridge, Brooklyn]]. The S79 SBS is the only [[Select Bus Service]] route in the borough. Beginning September 4, 2007, the MTA began offering bus service from Staten Island to [[Bayonne, New Jersey]], over the [[Bayonne Bridge]] via the {{NYC bus link|S89}} limited-stop bus, allowing passengers to connect to the [[Hudson–Bergen Light Rail]]'s [[34th Street station (Hudson–Bergen Light Rail)|34th Street station]], giving Staten Island residents a new route into Manhattan. Despite Staten Island's proximity to New Jersey, the S89 is the only route directly into New Jersey from Staten Island via public transportation.<ref>{{Cite NYC bus map|S}}</ref>', 961 => '', 962 => 'Express bus service to Manhattan (via the Verrazzano Bridge or Goethals Bridge) is also available for a $6.75 fare each way. The {{NYC bus link|SIM1C|SIM3C|SIM4C|SIM33C|prose=y}} are the only express routes to run outside of weekday commuter hours.<ref>{{Cite NYC bus map|S2}}</ref>', 963 => '', 964 => '===Freight rail===', 965 => '[[Conrail Shared Assets Operations]] operates freight rail service for customers of [[CSX Transportation]] and the [[Norfolk Southern Railway]] via the [[Travis Branch]], with a {{convert|38|acre|lk=out|adj=on}} intermodal on-dock rail facility on the [[West Shore, Staten Island|West Shore]] of Staten Island, which connects to the National Rail System via the Arthur Kill Rail Bridge to New Jersey. In addition to the intermodal on-dock rail yard, the Conrail Staten Island Rail line also connects to the Sanitation Department's waste transfer station. Conrail railroad police officers patrol and respond to emergencies along the freight line.', 966 => '', 967 => '==Infrastructure==', 968 => '', 969 => '===Hospitals===', 970 => 'Staten Island is the only borough without a hospital operated by New York City. The [[Richmond University Medical Center]] and the [[Staten Island University Hospital]] are privately operated.', 971 => '', 972 => '===Jails===', 973 => 'Staten Island is the only borough without a [[New York City Department of Correction]] major detention center. The Department of Corrections only maintains court holding jails at the three court buildings on Staten Island for inmates attending court. The various police agencies on Staten Island maintain in-house holding jails for post arrest detention prior to transfer to a corrections jail in another borough.', 974 => '', 975 => 'The Staten Island county sheriff operated a jail system on Staten Island until 1942, when the Staten Island jail system was transferred from the county sheriff's department to the New York City Department of Corrections and eventually closed. In 1976, the New York State Department of Correctional Services opened the [[Arthur Kill Correctional Facility]] of Staten Island, but the facility was closed in 2011.', 976 => '', 977 => '==Nicknames==', 978 => 'Staten Island has acquired a number of nicknames over the decades, some connected to the notion that it is considered an afterthought by other New York City residents. The "Forgotten Borough" was first used nearly 100 years ago in a ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' article that quoted a real estate executive. The phrase was more used during the secession movement of the 1990s, and came into greater use in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy.<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/11/how-staten-island-became-forgotten-borough/321819/ How Staten Island Became the 'Forgotten Borough] Retrieved December 25, 2017</ref> ', 979 => '', 980 => 'The island has also been referred to as the "borough of parks" due to its vast swaths of protected parkland and green spaces.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> The island has 12,300 acres of protected parkland and over 170 parks.<ref name=":5" /> The hip-hop group [[Wu-Tang Clan]], which originates from Staten Island, coined the nickname "Shaolin Land" (later simply Shaolin) for Staten Island as part of their slang.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From The Slums Of Shaolin: A Wu-Tang Film |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=97747569 |access-date=2020-11-18 |website=NPR.org |language=en}}</ref> Some have also taken to calling the island "The Rock", a moniker more commonly associated with [[Alcatraz Island|Alcatraz]], with this nickname's first appearance in print being a ''New York Times'' article in 2007.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/26/nyregion/26ferry.html A Day for Peace (and Quiet) on the Ferry] Retrieved December 25, 2017</ref> ', 981 => '', 982 => '==See also==', 983 => '{{Portal|New York City|Islands}}', 984 => '* [[List of people from Staten Island]]', 985 => '* [[List of counties in New York]]', 986 => '* [[List of Staten Island neighborhoods]]', 987 => '*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Staten Island]]', 988 => '* [[Staten Island Legal Services]]', 989 => '* [[Staten Island Economic Development Corporation]]', 990 => '* [[List of tallest buildings in Staten Island]]', 991 => '', 992 => '==Notes==', 993 => '{{Reflist}}', 994 => '', 995 => '==References==', 996 => '* Kenneth T. Jackson (editor); ''[[The Encyclopedia of New York City]]''; [[Yale University Press]]; {{ISBN|0-300-05536-6}} (1995).', 997 => '* John Waldman; ''Heartbeats in the Muck''; {{ISBN|1-55821-720-7}} The Lyons Press; (2000)', 998 => '* [http://www.nypl.org/branch/staten/index2.cfm?Trg=1&d1=1391 Famous Staten Islanders page at the New York Public Library site:]', 999 => '* [http://www.silive.com/news/advance/index.ssf?/base/news/1248957017125690.xml&coll=1 Staten Island gets its own Tourism Website]{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}', 1000 => '* {{cite web |url=http://www.silive.com/guide/index.ssf/2010/04/history_staten_island.html |title=History: A timeline of Staten Island |work=[[Staten Island Advance]] |date=April 21, 2010 }}', 1001 => '* John H. Betts ''[http://www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com/jhbnyc/articles/nycminerals1.htm The Minerals of New York City]'' published in Rocks & Minerals magazine, Volume 84, No. 3 pages 204–252 (2009).', 1002 => '', 1003 => '==Further reading==', 1004 => ''''Published in the 19th century'''', 1005 => '* {{Citation |publisher = E. Hopkins |location = Hartford |first = William|last = Darby |title = A new gazetteer of the United States of America |edition=2nd |date = 1834 |chapter=Richmond County |chapter-url = https://archive.org/stream/newgazetteerofun01darb#page/454/mode/2up }}', 1006 => '* {{Citation |publisher = Evening Mail Office |location = New York |title = Book of Summer Resorts |author = Charles H. Sweetser |date = 1868 |oclc = 6043819 |chapter=Seaside Resorts: Staten Island |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/bookofsummerres00swee#page/n433/mode/2up }}', 1007 => '* {{Citation |publisher = C. Vogt |location = New York |author = John Jacob Clute |title = Annals of Staten Island, from its discovery to the present time |date = 1877 |ol = 24554570M }}', 1008 => '* {{Citation |publisher = J. Wiley & Sons |location = New York |title = Summer Resorts and Watering Places ... within fifty miles of the city of New York |editor = John Disturnell |date = 1877 |chapter=Staten Island |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/summerresortswat00dist#page/20/mode/2up }}', 1009 => '* {{Citation |publisher = S.C. Judson |location = New York |author = Selden C. Judson |title = Illustrated Sketch Book of Staten island, New York, its industries and commerce |date = 1886 |ol = 24505964M }}', 1010 => '* {{Citation |publisher = C.G. Crawford |location = New York |first = Reau|last = Campbell |title = Rides and Rambles on Staten Island |date = 1889 |ol = 23330352M }}', 1011 => '* {{Citation |publisher = G. Kobbé |location = New York |title = Staten Island: a Guide |first = Gustav|last = Kobbé |date = 1890 |ol = 23340017M }}', 1012 => '* {{Citation |publisher = Arkell Pub. Co. |location = New York, U.S.A |title = Leslie's History of the Greater New York |author = Daniel Van Pelt |date = 1898 |oclc = 1850560 |volume=2 }}', 1013 => '** [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433058766324?urlappend=%3Bseq=513 chapter 20]: Richmond, or Staten Island: Olden Times', 1014 => '** [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433058766324?urlappend=%3Bseq=537 chapter 21]: Richmond, or Staten Island: Present Century', 1015 => '* {{cite book |title=Trow's Business and Residential Directory of the Borough of Richmond, City of New York |year=1899 |location=NY |publisher=[[Trow's Directory|Trow Directory, Printing & Bookbinding Co.]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hf4vAAAAYAAJ }}', 1016 => '', 1017 => ''''Published in the 20th century'''', 1018 => '* {{Citation |edition = 27th |title=Appleton's Dictionary of New York and Vicinity |date = 1905 |publisher = Appleton |chapter=Borough of Richmond |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/appletonsdictio02unkngoog#page/n288/mode/2up }}', 1019 => '* {{Citation |publisher = Rand, McNally |location = Chicago |title = Rand, McNally & Co.'s Handy Guide to New York City, Brooklyn, Staten Island, and other districts included in the enlarged city |first = Ernest|last = Ingersoll |date = 1906 |oclc = 29277709 |edition=20th |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/randmcnallycosha1906inge#page/170/mode/2up |chapter=Greater New York: Staten Island }}', 1020 => '* {{Citation |publisher = Grafton Press |location = New York |author = Richmond Borough Association of Women Teachers. |title = Staten Island and Staten Islanders |date = 1909 |ol = 7099909M }}', 1021 => '* {{Citation |publisher = Frederick A. Stokes Company |author=Frank Bergen Kelley |location = New York |title = Historical Guide to the City of New York |agency = City History Club of New York |date = 1913 |oclc = 4723529 |edition=2nd |chapter=Borough of Richmond |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/historicalguidet00citya#page/318/mode/2up }}', 1022 => '* {{Citation |author = Calvin D. Van Name |title = Staten Island: a report by the President of the Borough of Richmond to the Mayor |date =1921 |ol = 7117824M }}', 1023 => '* {{Cite book |location = NY |publisher=Random House |series=American Guide Series |title = New York City Guide |author = Federal Writers' Project |date = 1939 |chapter=Richmond |hdl=2027/mdp.39015008975883?urlappend=%3Bseq=699 |author-link=Federal Writers' Project }}', 1024 => '* {{cite journal |title=Voting Rights, Home Rule, and Metropolitan Governance: The Secession of Staten Island as a Case Study in the Dilemmas of Local Self-Determination|author1-link=Richard Briffault|first= Richard|last= Briffault |journal= Columbia Law Review |volume= 92 |issue= 4|pages= 775–850|year=1992 |jstor=1122970 |doi= 10.2307/1122970|url= https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/15}}', 1025 => '', 1026 => '==External links==', 1027 => '{{Commons category|Staten Island, New York City}}', 1028 => '{{Wikivoyage|Staten Island}}', 1029 => '* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181024122512/http://www.statenislandusa.com/ Staten Island] – Office of the Borough President', 1030 => '* [http://www.visitstatenisland.com VisitStatenIsland.com] – Official Tourism Website of Staten Island', 1031 => '* [http://www.siedc.org Staten Island Economic Development Corp. (SIEDC)]', 1032 => '', 1033 => ''''Other websites'''', 1034 => '* New York Public Library. [http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchresult.cfm?advword=staten+island Images related to Staten Island], various dates', 1035 => '* [http://www.sifilmfestival.org/ Staten Island Film Festival]', 1036 => '* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R26NqEO4DCY Staten Island Attractions Video]', 1037 => '* [http://statenisland.pastperfectonline.com/ Online Collections Database, Staten Island Historical Society]', 1038 => '* [http://www.statenisland.com/ StatenIsland.com], online magazine', 1039 => '* [http://www.oldstatenisland.org/old-staten-island-photos.html Old Staten Island], a comprehensive website about Staten Island's past', 1040 => '* [http://silive.com SILive.com], online version of the ''[[Staten Island Advance]]'' daily newspaper', 1041 => '', 1042 => '{{Staten Island}}', 1043 => '{{New York City}}', 1044 => '{{New York City Islands}}', 1045 => '{{New York metropolitan area}}', 1046 => '{{New York}}', 1047 => '{{Hudson River}}', 1048 => '{{Authority control}}', 1049 => '', 1050 => '[[Category:Staten Island| ]]', 1051 => '[[Category:1683 establishments in the Province of New York]]', 1052 => '[[Category:Boroughs of New York City]]', 1053 => '[[Category:Islands of New York City]]', 1054 => '[[Category:Islands of Staten Island]]', 1055 => '[[Category:Italian-American culture in New York City]]', 1056 => '[[Category:Populated coastal places in New York (state)]]', 1057 => '[[Category:Populated places established in 1683]]' ]