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'{{Other uses}} {{Refimprove|date=August 2010}} {{Infobox broadcasting network | network_name = UPN<br>United Paramount Network | network_logo = [[Image:UPN logo.svg|150px|The official logo for UPN.]] | country = [[United States]] | network_type = Defunct [[Terrestrial television|broadcast]] [[television network]] | available = [[United States]], [[Canada]] | owner = Chris-Craft Television (1995-1996)<br />Chris-Craft Television/Viacom (1996-2000)<br>[[Viacom (1971-2005)|Viacom]] (2000-2006)<br />[[CBS Corporation]] (2006) | key_people = | launch_date = {{Start date|1995|1|16}} | closure_date = {{End date|2006|8|31}} (current myNetworkTV affiliates) <br> {{End date|2006|9|15}} (current CW affiliates) | founder = [[BHC Communications|United Television]] & [[Paramount Pictures]] | replaced by names = [[The CW Television Network]] }} '''United Paramount Network''' ('''UPN''') was a [[television network]] that was broadcast in over 200 markets in the [[United States]] from 1995 to 2006. UPN was originally owned by Viacom/Paramount and Chris-Craft Industries, the former of which, through the [[Paramount Television]] Group, produced most of the network's series. It was later owned by [[CBS Corporation]]. Its first night of broadcasting was on January 16, 1995. UPN shut down on September 15, 2006, and merged with [[The WB Television Network|The WB]], which was shut down two days later, to form [[The CW Television Network]]. ==History== ===Origins (1949–1993)=== [[Paramount Pictures]] (the "P" in UPN) has played a pivotal role in the development of network television; it was a partner in the [[DuMont Television Network]], and the Paramount Theaters chain, spun off from the corporate/studio parent, was an early, important component of the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] television network's survival in the 1950s. The [[Paramount Television Network]] was launched in 1949, but dissolved in the 1950s. In the wake of the successful [[Universal Studios]] ''[[ad hoc]]'' [[Television syndication|syndicated]] package ''[[Operation Prime Time]]'', which featured first a miniseries adaptation of [[John Jakes]]' novel ''The Bastard'' and went on to several more productions, Paramount had earlier contemplated its own television network with the [[Paramount Television Service]]. Set to launch in early [[1978 in television|1978]], its programming would have consisted of only one night a week. Thirty "Movies of the Week" would have followed ''[[Star Trek: Phase II]]'' on Saturday nights. Plans for the new network were scrapped when sufficient advertising slots could not be sold, though Paramount would contribute some programs to ''[[Operation Prime Time]]'', such as the mini-series ''[[A Woman Called Golda]]'', and the weekly pop music program, ''[[Solid Gold (TV series)|Solid Gold]]''. ''Star Trek: Phase II'' went into production as ''[[Star Trek: The Motion Picture]]'', absorbing the costs already incurred of the aborted television series. Paramount, and its eventual parent Viacom, did not try to forget about the possibility. Independent stations, even more than network affiliates, were feeling the growing pressure of audience erosion to [[cable television]] in the 1980s and 1990s, and there were unaffiliated commercial stations in most of the major markets, at least, even after the foundation of [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] in 1986. Meanwhile, Paramount, long successful in syndication with repeats of ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]]'', found itself with several first-run syndicated series by the turn of the 1990s, in ''[[Entertainment Tonight]]'', ''[[The Arsenio Hall Show]]'', ''[[Friday the 13th: The Series]]'', ''[[War of the Worlds (TV series)|War of the Worlds]]'', ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'', and ''[[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine]]''. In 1993, [[Warner Bros.]] and [[Chris-Craft Industries]] went into a [[joint venture]] to distribute programming via a [[prime time]] programming block, which grew into its own network, the [[Prime Time Entertainment Network]] (PTEN). PTEN can be seen as the ancestor of what would become UPN and [[The WB Television Network|The WB]], since Chris-Craft later became a partner in UPN, while Warner Bros. launched The WB, at roughly the same time (which slowly eroded PTEN into a mere programming block that was eventually cancelled in 1997), before both merged to form [[The CW Television Network]] in September 2006. ===Launch (1994–2000)=== [[Image:Upn1995.png|thumb|The UPN colorful shapes logo, used from 1995 to 1998, and in various versions from 1998 to 2002 (though the "primary colors" variant continued on affiliates and print until 2002).]] Paramount had formed Paramount Stations Group when it purchased the [[TVX Broadcast Group|TVX Group]], which owned several independent stations in major markets. This was not unlike of the purchase of the [[Metromedia]] stations by News Corporation 10 years earlier, which were used as the nuclei for [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]]. In another parallel, [[20th Century Fox]] had long been a powerhouse in television syndication. All indicators suggested that Paramount was about to launch a network of its own. In late 1994, Paramount announced formation of the United Paramount Network. The new network was a joint venture between Paramount and [[Chris-Craft Industries]]. The "U" in UPN came from [[United Television]], a Chris-Craft subsidiary. Both companies owned independent stations in several large cities in the United States. The new network launched on January 16, 1995; less than a year earlier, Paramount had been bought by Viacom. The first telecast, the [[Caretaker (Star Trek: Voyager)|two-hour pilot]] of ''[[Star Trek: Voyager]]'', was an auspiciously widely viewed start; however, ''Voyager'' would never achieve such viewership levels again, nor would any of the series debuting on UPN's second night of broadcasting survive the season. In contrast, [[The WB Television Network|The WB]] debuted one week earlier, on January 11, with four series, only one of which, ''[[Muscle (TV series)|Muscle]]'', would not survive its first season. The first comedy shows to debut were ''[[Platypus Man]]'', starring [[Richard Jeni]], and ''[[Pig Sty]]'', with both shows airing Monday nights in the 9:00 PM hour. Both received mixed reviews and neither lasted long. Other early UPN programs included the action show ''[[Nowhere Man (TV series)|Nowhere Man]]'' starring [[Bruce Greenwood]], the action show ''[[Marker (TV series)|Marker]]'' starring [[Richard Grieco]], the comic western ''[[Legend (TV series)|Legend]]'' starring [[Richard Dean Anderson]] (a veteran of Paramount's ''[[MacGyver]]''), the science-fiction themed action show, ''[[The Sentinel (TV series)|The Sentinel]]'', and ''[[Moesha]]'', a sitcom starring [[Brandy (entertainer)|Brandy Norwood]]. Of the network's early offerings, only ''Star Trek: Voyager'', ''Moesha'', and ''The Sentinel'' would last longer than one season. ===Viacom era and decline (2000–2006)=== [[Image:Paramount networklogo.jpg|thumb|Proposed logo for the stillborn Paramount Network.]] In 2000, [[Viacom (1971-2005)|Viacom]] bought Chris-Craft's share stake to gain 100 percent control of the venture. Shortly afterward, Viacom dropped the "United" name for its new network, opting to change the official corporate name to the three-letter initials, "UPN". Viacom also aimed to relaunch UPN as Paramount Network, using a logo based on the famous Paramount Pictures mountain logo and the "P" triangle of the UPN logo, which already stood for Paramount, as the new network logo. This idea was abandoned after many affiliates protested, citing that the new branding might cause confusion and erode viewership. A few months before, Viacom bought [[CBS]], thus creating CBS-UPN duopolies in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]] ([[KYW-TV]] and [[WPSG]]), [[Boston]] ([[WBZ-TV]] and [[WSBK-TV]]), [[Miami, Florida|Miami]] ([[WFOR-TV]] and [[WBFS-TV]]), [[Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex|Dallas/Fort Worth]] ([[KTVT]] and [[KTXA]]), [[Detroit]] ([[WWJ-TV]] and [[WKBD-TV]]), and [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]] ([[KDKA-TV]] and [[WPCW|WNPA]]). It is said that Viacom's purchase of CBS was the "death knell" for the FCC's "no duopolies at all rule". Further transactions added [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] ([[KPIX-TV]] and [[KBCW (TV)|KBHK]]), which was traded to Viacom/CBS by Fox, and [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]] ([[KOVR]] and [[KMAX-TV]]) to the mix. [[File:Upn_Logo_1998.png|thumb|right|UPN logo used from 1998-2002]] At the time of UPN's launch, the network's [[flagship (television)|flagship station]] was [[WWOR-TV]] in [[New York City]], owned by Chris-Craft. Even after Chris-Craft sold its share of the network to Viacom, WWOR was still commonly regarded as the flagship station since it had long been common practice to accord this status to a network's New York station. For this reason, some cast doubt on UPN's future after Fox bought most of Chris-Craft's television holdings. Several UPN stations were part of the deal, including WWOR and [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] flagship [[KCOP-TV]] in [[Los Angeles]]. Fox later bought the third-largest UPN affiliate, [[WPWR-TV]] in [[Chicago]]. After Chris-Craft sold its stake in UPN, the network's largest [[owned-and-operated station]] was [[WPSG]] in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]]. In 2001, UPN acquired ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'' and ''[[Roswell (TV series)|Roswell]]'' for their final seasons from network rival [[The WB]] in a public bidding war between the two with producing studio [[20th Century Fox Television]]. UPN eventually outbid The WB for the shows and aired them together on Tuesday nights until ''Roswell'' ended its run in 2002 and ''Buffy'' the following year in 2003. New shows began to breathe life into the network starting in fall 2003 with ''[[America's Next Top Model]]'' and [[Will Smith]]'s ''[[All of Us]]'', in fall 2004 with ''[[Veronica Mars]]'', and in fall 2005 with [[Chris Rock]]'s ''[[Everybody Hates Chris]]''. When Viacom split into two companies at the end of 2005, its over-the-air broadcasting interests, including UPN, became part of [[CBS Corporation]]. [[File:The CW.svg|200px|thumb|right|The logo of the CW, which took over UPN in September of 2006.]] On January 24, 2006, UPN parent [[CBS Corporation]] and [[Time Warner]] announced that they were to create a new broadcast network, [[The CW Television Network]] which launched on September 18, 2006. UPN quietly went off the air on September 15 which was three days prior to the launch of The CW; ''[[WWE SmackDown]]'' was the last official program (although some affiliates aired the optional weekend encore block), ending its existence after 11 years. However, UPN affiliates owned by [[Fox Television Stations Group]] ended all ties to the network on August 31, 2006. Before that, within days of the new network's announcement, Fox-owned UPN affiliates stopped using the UPN branding and dropped all advertisement for UPN. As a result UPN did not air its last two weeks of programming in [[New York City]], [[Los Angeles]], [[Chicago]] and six other [[media market]]s in which Fox owned the UPN station, also due in part to then upstart Fox owned [[MyNetworkTV]], which was set to debut September 5, 2006 on those stations. With the exception of ''WWE SmackDown'', all programming during the final three months were reruns. ''SmackDown!'', however, was aired in those markets on WB stations owned by Tribune, which have since become CW stations. After the network's official closure, UPN's website was redirected to The CW website, and then CBS's website. ==Executive management== * [[Lucie Salhany]] was the first CEO, from the network's launch in 1995 until 1997. * Michael Sullivan was the first President, Entertainment from 1994 to 1997 * [[Dean Valentine]] was CEO from 1997 to 2001. * [[Tom Nunan]] was President, Entertainment from 1997 to 2001.<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117859013.html?categoryid=14&cs=1&query=tom+nunan Dawn's breaking at UPN - Entertainment News, TV News, Media - Variety]</ref> * Adam Ware was Chief Operating Officer from 1999 to 2002. * [[Dawn Ostroff]] was President, Entertainment from 2002 to 2006.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> ==Availability== {{Main|List of UPN affiliates}} Although it was considered a major network by the [[Nielsen ratings]], UPN was not available in all areas of the United States. In some areas, UPN programming was shown off-pattern by affiliates of other networks or by otherwise independent stations, such as in the case of [[KIKU|KIKU-TV]] in Honolulu, Hawaii. Some affiliates were also known to extensively preempt network programming in order to broadcast local sporting events. These factors led to the network struggling in the ratings over the past few years, with its most recent ''Star Trek'' franchise, ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'', perhaps suffering the most and ultimately being cancelled by the network in a controversial decision in February 2005. The most consistent ratings performer for the network was ''[[WWE SmackDown]]''. In the 2004-2005 season, the network was getting consistently better ratings than The WB, much of this thanks to WWE.<ref>John Consoli, "UPN's Start-of-Week Blues", ''Mediaweek'', October 23, 2004</ref> It was estimated in 2003 that UPN was viewable by 85.98% of all households, reaching 91,689,290 houses in the United States. In contrast, The WB was viewable in 91.66% of homes. This is mainly because The WB had [[The WB 100+ Station Group]], of group of cable-only stations in markets below the top 100, and UPN did not have such a service. Despite this, [[WNFM-TV]] in [[Southwest Florida]] became a UPN affiliate in 1998. UPN had approximately 143 full-power owned-and-operated or primary affiliate stations in the U.S. and another 65 stations aired some UPN programming as secondary affiliates. ==Programming== {{Main|List of programs broadcast by UPN}} Most of UPN's programming through the years was produced by [[Paramount Television]] or a sister company (such as [[Viacom Productions]], [[Spelling Television]], or [[CBS Productions]]). The first official UPN network programming was the series ''[[Star Trek: Voyager]]''. The first comedy shows to debut were ''[[Platypus Man]]'', starring [[Richard Jeni]], and ''[[Pig Sty]]'', with both shows airing Monday nights in the 9&nbsp;PM hour. Both received mixed reviews and neither lasted long. Other early UPN programs included the action show ''[[Nowhere Man (TV series)|Nowhere Man]]'' starring [[Bruce Greenwood]], the action show ''[[Marker (TV series)|Marker]]'' starring [[Richard Grieco]], ''[[The Watcher (TV series)|The Watcher]]'' featuring [[Sir Mix-a-Lot]] as an omniscient narrator, the comic western ''[[Legend (TV series)|Legend]]'' starring [[Richard Dean Anderson]], the science-fiction themed action show, ''[[The Sentinel (TV series)|The Sentinel]]'', and ''[[Moesha]]'', a sitcom starring [[Brandy (entertainer)|Brandy Norwood]]. Of the network's first few seasons, only ''Star Trek: Voyager'', ''Moesha'', and ''The Sentinel'' would last longer than one season. UPN bought ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'' from [[20th Century Fox]] in 2001 when The WB chose not to renew it when the license fees skyrocketed. ''Buffy'' continued on UPN for two more seasons.<ref>[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117795697.html?categoryid=14&cs=1&query=buffy+upn+20th UPN makes bid for 'Buffy' - Entertainment News, TV News, Media - Variety]</ref> UPN also bought the rights to broadcast television shows ''[[Clueless (TV series)|Clueless]]'' (formerly on ABC), ''[[The Hughleys]]'' (formerly on ABC), and ''[[Roswell (TV series)|Roswell]]'' (formerly on The WB). The former show was produced by Paramount Television, while the latter two were produced by [[20th Century Fox Television]]. After ''Voyager''{{'}}s 7-season run came to an end, UPN began broadcasting the newest ''[[Star Trek]]'' [[Spin-off (media)|spin-off]], ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]''. The network also produced some special programs, including the ''[[Iron Chef USA]]'' program during [[December 2001|Christmas 2001]]. UPN also showed [[WWE]]'s ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' show, ''[[America's Next Top Model]]'', ''[[Girlfriends]]'', ''[[The Parkers]]'' (a spin-off from ''[[Moesha]]''), ''[[Veronica Mars]]'', and ''[[Everybody Hates Chris]]''. In the summer of [[2005 in television|2005]], UPN aired ''[[R U the Girl]]'', in which [[R&B]] group [[TLC (music)|TLC]] searched for a woman to join them on a new song. In its later years, as part of the network's desire to maintain its own unique identity with its own unique shows, UPN had a policy of "not picking up other networks' scraps", which was a strong argument when fan pressure was generated in 2004 for them to pick up ''[[Angel (TV series)|Angel]]'', the [[Spin-off (media)|spin-off]] of ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' which had been dropped from The WB. UPN aired only one regular network sports event program: the much-hyped [[XFL]] in 2001, as part of a package from co-creator [[Vince McMahon]] which also included what was then ''[[WWE SmackDown|WWF SmackDown!]]'' UPN had planned to air a second season of XFL in 2002, but it also demanded a reduction in the airtime of ''SmackDown!'' by 30&nbsp;minutes. McMahon did not agree to the change and the XFL folded just after that. Like The WB, UPN never aired a national [[newscast]]. === Children's programming === {{Main|UPN Kids}} In its last three seasons, UPN was one of only two of the major broadcast networks (Pax TV (now [[Ion Television]]) was the other) not to air a children's programming block on weekend mornings. When UPN launched in 1995, the station aired cartoons on weekends; the lineup was known as '''[[UPN Kids]]'''. In 1998, UPN went a different way with its children's program block by airing reruns of the syndicated ''[[Sweet Valley High]]'', ''[[The Berenstain Bears]]'' and a new series, ''[[Breaker High]]'' on weekdays and weekends aiming the programs at teenagers. As opposed to ABC, NBC, CBS, Fox and WB stations, some UPN affiliates aired the weekend children's program block on Sunday mornings instead of Saturdays. In 1999, UPN made a deal with [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]] to air select programming from ABC's ''Disney's One Saturday Morning'' block (later [[ABC Kids (US)|ABC Kids]]) in place of the teen series. The new lineup would be called ''[[Disney's One Too]]''. ''[[Recess (TV series)|Recess]]'' and ''[[Sabrina, the Animated Series]]'' were among the programming on the original lineup. Many UPN affiliates were already airing the syndicated [[Disney Afternoon]] block anyway. The Disney cartoons therefore were no longer syndicated but now aired on UPN stations. The block was reinstated to two hours. In some markets it ran weekday mornings, while in other markets it aired weekday afternoons. In 2002, ''[[Digimon: Digital Monsters]]'' moved to the lineup from [[Fox Kids]]. This was due to Disney's acquisition of Fox's children's programming department (then known as [[Jetix]] until 2009, now known as [[Disney XD]]) as well as the Fox Family Channel, now renamed [[ABC Family]]. After eight years of airing children's programming, UPN dropped out of the kids program business in September 2003 when Disney's contract with UPN came to an end. Reasons included U.S. [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) restrictions on quantity of advertising on children's programs, the content of such advertising, the fact syndicators were moving their most popular product to cable only, and the growth of cable channels directed at children (which have fewer advertising restrictions). As of January 2006, UPN had no plans of returning kids programming to the network, but it became a moot point due to its merger with The WB creating [[The CW Television Network|The CW]]. When The CW launched, they carried over the [[Kids' WB]] (now [[Toonzai]]) Saturday morning lineup from The WB. Some Fox stations decided to carry over Fox's [[4kids.tv]] block to a UPN, WB, or [[independent station]], so the Fox affiliate could air general entertainment or local news programming on Saturday mornings. [[WFLD]] Fox 32 in [[Chicago]], for example, moved the 4Kids TV schedule to co-owned UPN (now [[MyNetworkTV]]) affiliate [[WPWR-TV]] Channel 50, while Channel 32 airs news and different children's programming in place of the shows. Also, some UPN stations aired a block of cartoon programming from [[DIC Entertainment]] (such as ''[[Trollz]]'' and ''[[Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century]]'') which was designed to meet the minimal three hours of [[E/I]] programming required by the FCC, and usually airs either six days a week for a half-hour each day, or in three hour-long blocks throughout the week. === Television movies === {{Main|List of television films produced for UPN}} During the late 1990s, UPN produced a number of [[television movies]] branded "Blockbuster Shockwave Cinema," in conjunction with sponsor (and sister company) [[Blockbuster Video]]. Almost all were [[science fiction]] films. From UPN's inception until 2000, the network also offered a hosted movie series called the ''UPN Movie Trailer'' to their stations. The show featured mostly older [[Hollywood]] action and comedy films, often those made by [[Paramount Pictures]]. ''Movie Trailer'' was discontinued in 2000 to give stations that opted for them room for a second weekend run of ''Star Trek: Enterprise'' and ''America's Next Top Model'' (and later, ''Veronica Mars''). There were also three Paramount-branded blocks on the company's [[owned-and-operated station]]s ("O&Os") only: Paramount Teleplex as the main brand for movies at any given timeslot, Paramount Prime Movie for primetime features, and the Paramount Late Movie on late nights. such as [[The Partridge Family]]. === Shows that almost aired on UPN === * According to [[Simon Cowell]]'s biography and [[Bill Carter]]'s book ''Desperate Networks'', UPN was offered ''[[American Idol]]'' before FOX and turned it down. * As part of the contract for picking up ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'', UPN was obligated to pick up ''[[Angel (TV series)|Angel]]'' if it was cancelled by The WB while UPN was still airing ''Buffy''. However, ''Angel'' was axed by The WB the year after ''Buffy'' went off UPN. Despite a large fan campaign, UPN declined to pick up the show. * ''[[Firefly (TV series)|Firefly]]'' was offered to UPN after being cancelled, but was declined.<ref>[http://www.gamerswithjobs.com/node/6427 Gamers With Jobs]</ref> * ''[[Malcolm in the Middle]]'' was originally developed for UPN before being picked up by FOX.<ref>[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117943003?categoryid=2227&cs=1 Lessons in launching - Entertainment News, "Malcolm in the Middle" series finale, Media - Variety]</ref> * ''[[Talkshow with Spike Feresten]]'' was reportedly to air on UPN; it debuted on FOX one day after UPN's closure. * According to [[The TV IV]], nine new scripts for the third season of ''[[The Critic]]'' were written for UPN.<ref>[http://tviv.org/The_Critic#After_FOX The TV IV - The Critic]</ref><ref>[http://tviv.org/The_Critic/Season_Two The TV IV - The Critic/Season Two]</ref> ==Station standardization== When it was launched, UPN began having most of its stations branded as "UPN" or "Paramount," then the channel number, with the call signs nearby.Also, the on air IDs in the mid 1990s were the UPN shapes evolving into the next shape then the full logo followed by a blue bar appearing, which has 2 variants. The first was on the right side with the channel number,call signs and city, then the second was the blue bar and the call letters only By the late 1990s, the call signs were minimized to be just barely readable to meet FCC requirements, and the stations were simply known as "UPN", then channel number or city (e.g., [[WPWR-TV]] in Chicago had been referred to as "UPN Chicago" and [[WWOR-TV]] in New York was referred to as "UPN 9" until The CW merger was announced in late January 2006). But most UPN O&Os under CBS branded it by network and city according to the [[CBS Mandate]]. For example, [[KBCW (TV)|KBCW]] in San Francisco was branded "UPN Bay Area," [[WKBD]] in Detroit was branded "UPN Detroit" and [[WUPL]] in New Orleans was branded "UPN New Orleans." However, that didn't always apply, as [[WSBK-TV]] in Boston was branded "UPN 38" and [[KMAX-TV]] in Sacramento was branded "UPN 31," for example. [[WPCW]] Channel 19 in [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]] (formerly WNPA) originally branded itself as "UPN 19", but changed over to "UPN Pittsburgh" soon after the UPN logo change, making it one of the few that had carried both standardization styles. Many non-O&O UPN affiliates followed the same branding scheme; for example [[KFVE]] in [[Honolulu, Hawaii|Honolulu]], during its UPN affiliation, used the brand "UPN Hawaii". This would be a continuation of the trend for networks to do such naming schemes, originated at [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] (and even earlier at [[CBC Television|CBC]] in Canada), especially at [[CBS]], who uses the CBS Mandate on almost all of their O&O stations. [[The WB Television Network|The WB]], [[NBC]] and [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] also do similar naming schemes, but not to that extreme. However, while the traditional "Big Three" don't require their affiliates to have such naming schemes (though some affiliates choose to adopt it anyway) and only on their O&O's is the style required, UPN mandated it on all stations (as Fox currently does), though The WB did not. In one case, though, [[WCGV]] in [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin|Milwaukee]] branded as ''Channel 24'' from 1998-2001 with no UPN imagery. The station had disaffiliated from the network in 1998 for eight months (previously it was "UPN 24") in a compensation dispute. ==See also== * [[The CW Television Network]] * [[List of programs broadcast by UPN]] * [[List of United States over-the-air television networks]] * [[List of former UPN affiliates]] * [[Weekday cartoon]] * [[2006 United States broadcast TV realignment]] * [[UPN Kids]] ==Notes== {{Reflist}} ==External links== * {{wayback|http://www.upn.com}} * [http://members.fortunecity.com/tvnetworks/misc The Evolution of UPN, WB, Fox, PBS, and PAX] * [http://www.retrojunk.com/details_commercial/1771/ An ad promoting UPN on RetroJunk.com] {{American broadcast television}} {{The CW Television Network}} {{UPN}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Upn}} [[Category:UPN television network| ]] [[Category:The CW Television Network]] [[Category:CBS Corporation subsidiaries]] [[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1995]] [[Category:Television channels and stations disestablished in 2006]] [[Category:Defunct American television networks]] [[Category:Joint ventures]] [[da:United Paramount Network]] [[de:United Paramount Network]] [[es:United Paramount Network]] [[fr:United Paramount Network]] [[id:UPN]] [[it:UPN (rete televisiva)]] [[he:UPN]] [[nl:United Paramount Network]] [[ja:United Paramount Network]] [[no:UPN]] [[pt:United Paramount Network]] [[ro:UPN]] [[ru:UPN]] [[simple:UPN]] [[sr:UPN]] [[zh:联合派拉蒙电视网]]'