Interleukin 9

IL9
Identifiers
Aliases	IL9, HP40, IL-9, P40, interleukin 9
External IDs	OMIM: 146931; MGI: 96563; HomoloGene: 492; GeneCards: IL9; OMA:IL9 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (human)
End	135,895,841 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 13 (mouse)
End	56,630,059 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	tibial nerve; ; sural nerve; ; amygdala; ; caudate nucleus; ; Brodmann area 9; ; right frontal lobe; ; substantia nigra; ; primary visual cortex; ; putamen; ; cingulate gyrus;
	Top expressed in
	embryo; ; entorhinal cortex; ; CA3 field; ; choroid plexus of fourth ventricle; ; zygote; ; inferior colliculus; ; spermatocyte; ; uterus; ; gonad; ; male reproductive system;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	interleukin-9 receptor binding; cytokine activity; growth factor activity; cytokine receptor binding;
Cellular component	extracellular region; extracellular space;
Biological process	positive regulation of cell growth; inflammatory response; immune response; positive regulation of cell population proliferation; regulation of signaling receptor activity; interleukin-9-mediated signaling pathway;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	3578
	16198
	ENSG00000145839
	ENSMUSG00000021538
	P15248
	P15247
	NM_000590
	NM_008373
	NP_000581
	NP_032399
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Interleukin 9, also known as IL-9, is a pleiotropic cytokine (cell signalling molecule) belonging to the group of interleukins.^[5]IL-9 is produced by variety of cells like mast cells, NKT cells, Th2, Th17, Treg, ILC2, and Th9 cells in different amounts. Among them, Th9 cells are regarded as the major CD4+ T cells that produce IL-9.^[6]

Function

Il-9 is a cytokine secreted by CD4+ helper cells that acts as a regulator of a variety of hematopoietic cells.^[7] This cytokine stimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis. It functions through the interleukin-9 receptor (IL9R), which activates different signal transducer and activator (STAT) proteins and thus connects this cytokine to various biological processes. The gene encoding this cytokine has been identified as a candidate gene for asthma. Genetic studies on a mouse model of asthma demonstrated that this cytokine is a determining factor in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.^[5]

Interleukin-9 has also shown to inhibit melanoma growth in mice.^[8]

Additionally, it gives rise to the multiplication of hematologic neoplasias and also Hodgkin's lymphoma in humans but IL-9 also has antitumor properties in solid tumors,for example melanoma.^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000145839 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021538 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: IL9 interleukin 9".
^ Rojas-Zuleta WG, Sanchez E (2017). "IL-9: Function, Sources, and Detection". Methods in Molecular Biology. 1585: 21–35. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6877-0_2. PMID 28477184.
^ Perumal NB, Kaplan MH (2011). "Regulating IL9 transcription in T helper cells". Trends in Immunology. 32 (4): 146–50. doi:10.1016/j.it.2011.01.006. PMC 3070825. PMID 21371941.
^ Purwar R, Schlapbach C, Xiao S, Kang HS, Elyaman W, Jiang X, Jetten AM, Khoury SJ, Fuhlbrigge RC, Kuchroo VK, Clark RA, Kupper TS (August 2012). "Robust tumor immunity to melanoma mediated by interleukin-9-producing T cells". Nature Medicine. 18 (8): 1248–53. doi:10.1038/nm.2856. PMC 3518666. PMID 22772464. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |laysource= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |laysummary= ignored (help)
^ Rojas-Zuleta WG, Sanchez E (2017). "IL-9: Function, Sources, and Detection". Methods in Molecular Biology. 1585: 21–35. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6877-0_2. PMID 28477184.

Renauld JC, Houssiau F, Louahed J, Vink A, Van Snick J, Uyttenhove C (1993). "Interleukin-9". Advances in Immunology. Advances in Immunology. 54: 79–97. doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60533-7. ISBN 978-0-12-022454-8. PMID 8379467.
Knoops L, Renauld JC (December 2004). "IL-9 and its receptor: from signal transduction to tumorigenesis". Growth Factors. 22 (4): 207–15. doi:10.1080/08977190410001720879. PMID 15621723.
Modi WS, Pollock DD, Mock BA, Banner C, Renauld JC, Van Snick J (1991). "Regional localization of the human glutaminase (GLS) and interleukin-9 (IL9) genes by in situ hybridization". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 57 (2–3): 114–6. doi:10.1159/000133126. PMID 1680606.
Kelleher K, Bean K, Clark SC, Leung WY, Yang-Feng TL, Chen JW, Lin PF, Luo W, Yang YC (April 1991). "Human interleukin-9: genomic sequence, chromosomal location, and sequences essential for its expression in human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-I-transformed human T cells". Blood. 77 (7): 1436–41. PMID 1901233.
Holbrook ST, Ohls RK, Schibler KR, Yang YC, Christensen RD (May 1991). "Effect of interleukin-9 on clonogenic maturation and cell-cycle status of fetal and adult hematopoietic progenitors". Blood. 77 (10): 2129–34. PMID 1903074.
Merz H, Houssiau FA, Orscheschek K, Renauld JC, Fliedner A, Herin M, Noel H, Kadin M, Mueller-Hermelink HK, Van Snick J (September 1991). "Interleukin-9 expression in human malignant lymphomas: unique association with Hodgkin's disease and large cell anaplastic lymphoma". Blood. 78 (5): 1311–7. PMID 1908723.
Renauld JC, Goethals A, Houssiau F, Merz H, Van Roost E, Van Snick J (June 1990). "Human P40/IL-9. Expression in activated CD4+ T cells, genomic organization, and comparison with the mouse gene". Journal of Immunology. 144 (11): 4235–41. PMID 1971295.
Renauld JC, Goethals A, Houssiau F, Van Roost E, Van Snick J (January 1990). "Cloning and expression of a cDNA for the human homolog of mouse T cell and mast cell growth factor P40". Cytokine. 2 (1): 9–12. doi:10.1016/1043-4666(90)90037-T. PMID 2129501.
Yang YC, Ricciardi S, Ciarletta A, Calvetti J, Kelleher K, Clark SC (November 1989). "Expression cloning of cDNA encoding a novel human hematopoietic growth factor: human homologue of murine T-cell growth factor P40". Blood. 74 (6): 1880–4. PMID 2508790.
Yin T, Keller SR, Quelle FW, Witthuhn BA, Tsang ML, Lienhard GE, Ihle JN, Yang YC (September 1995). "Interleukin-9 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 via JAK tyrosine kinases". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (35): 20497–502. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.35.20497. PMID 7544789.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Postma DS, Bleecker ER, Amelung PJ, Holroyd KJ, Xu J, Panhuysen CI, Meyers DA, Levitt RC (October 1995). "Genetic susceptibility to asthma--bronchial hyperresponsiveness coinherited with a major gene for atopy". The New England Journal of Medicine. 333 (14): 894–900. doi:10.1056/NEJM199510053331402. PMID 7666875.
Le Beau MM, Espinosa R, Neuman WL, Stock W, Roulston D, Larson RA, Keinanen M, Westbrook CA (June 1993). "Cytogenetic and molecular delineation of the smallest commonly deleted region of chromosome 5 in malignant myeloid diseases". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (12): 5484–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.12.5484. PMC 46745. PMID 8516290.
Demoulin JB, Uyttenhove C, Van Roost E, DeLestré B, Donckers D, Van Snick J, Renauld JC (September 1996). "A single tyrosine of the interleukin-9 (IL-9) receptor is required for STAT activation, antiapoptotic activity, and growth regulation by IL-9". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 16 (9): 4710–6. PMC 231471. PMID 8756628.
Nicolaides NC, Holroyd KJ, Ewart SL, Eleff SM, Kiser MB, Dragwa CR, Sullivan CD, Grasso L, Zhang LY, Messler CJ, Zhou T, Kleeberger SR, Buetow KH, Levitt RC (November 1997). "Interleukin 9: a candidate gene for asthma". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 94 (24): 13175–80. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.24.13175. PMC 24282. PMID 9371819.
Demoulin JB, Van Roost E, Stevens M, Groner B, Renauld JC (September 1999). "Distinct roles for STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in differentiation gene induction and apoptosis inhibition by interleukin-9". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (36): 25855–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.36.25855. PMID 10464327.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Lejeune D, Demoulin JB, Renauld JC (January 2001). "Interleukin 9 induces expression of three cytokine signal inhibitors: cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein, suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)-2 and SOCS-3, but only SOCS-3 overexpression suppresses interleukin 9 signalling". The Biochemical Journal. 353 (Pt 1): 109–116. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3530109. PMC 1221548. PMID 11115404.
Little FF, Cruikshank WW, Center DM (September 2001). "Il-9 stimulates release of chemotactic factors from human bronchial epithelial cells". American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. 25 (3): 347–52. doi:10.1165/ajrcmb.25.3.4349. PMID 11588013.
Toda M, Tulic MK, Levitt RC, Hamid Q (February 2002). "A calcium-activated chloride channel (HCLCA1) is strongly related to IL-9 expression and mucus production in bronchial epithelium of patients with asthma". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 109 (2): 246–50. doi:10.1067/mai.2002.121555. PMID 11842292.
Pilette C, Ouadrhiri Y, Van Snick J, Renauld JC, Staquet P, Vaerman JP, Sibille Y (April 2002). "IL-9 inhibits oxidative burst and TNF-alpha release in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes through TGF-beta". Journal of Immunology. 168 (8): 4103–11. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.8.4103. PMID 11937570.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000145839 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021538 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: IL9 interleukin 9".

[6] Rojas-Zuleta WG, Sanchez E (2017). "IL-9: Function, Sources, and Detection". Methods in Molecular Biology. 1585: 21–35. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6877-0_2. PMID 28477184.

[pmid21371941-7] Perumal NB, Kaplan MH (2011). "Regulating IL9 transcription in T helper cells". Trends in Immunology. 32 (4): 146–50. doi:10.1016/j.it.2011.01.006. PMC 3070825. PMID 21371941.

[pmid22772464-8] Purwar R, Schlapbach C, Xiao S, Kang HS, Elyaman W, Jiang X, Jetten AM, Khoury SJ, Fuhlbrigge RC, Kuchroo VK, Clark RA, Kupper TS (August 2012). "Robust tumor immunity to melanoma mediated by interleukin-9-producing T cells". Nature Medicine. 18 (8): 1248–53. doi:10.1038/nm.2856. PMC 3518666. PMID 22772464. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |laysource= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |laysummary= ignored (help)

[9] Rojas-Zuleta WG, Sanchez E (2017). "IL-9: Function, Sources, and Detection". Methods in Molecular Biology. 1585: 21–35. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6877-0_2. PMID 28477184.

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Function

References

Further reading