擔 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 手弓金口 (QNCR), four-corner 57061, composition ⿰扌詹)
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 459, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12828
- Dae Jaweon: page 807, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1971, character 3
- Unihan data for U+64D4
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Old Chinese
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甔
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*toːm, *taːm, *taːms
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擔
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*taːm, *taːms
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儋
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*ʔl'aːm
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聸
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*taːm
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膽
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*taːmʔ
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黵
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*taːmʔ, *tjamʔ
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澹
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*daːm, *daːmʔ, *daːms
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憺
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*daːmʔ, *daːms
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瞻
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*tjam
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詹
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*tjam
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蟾
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*tjam, *djam
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噡
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*tjam
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譫
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*tjam, *daːb, *tjaːb
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幨
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*tʰjam, *tʰjams
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襜
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*tʰjam, *tʰjams
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韂
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*tʰjams
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贍
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*djams
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檐
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*lam
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簷
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*lam
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舚
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*tʰeːm, *tʰeːms
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *taːm, *taːms) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam) – to carry by hand.
According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Burmese ထမ်း (htam:, “to carry on the shoulder”). Schuessler (2007), on the other hand, notes 擔 (OC *taːm) is an area word whose source is probably Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *klam ~ *kləm (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Khmu klam (“to carry on shoulder”). An alternative form with initial *t which agrees with later Old Chinese is widespread; compare also Khmer ទាំ (tŏəm, “to tire of; to bear”), Khmer ទ្រាំ (trŏəm, “to bear; to endure”), Proto-Hmong-Mien *ntam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Iu Mien daːm¹, and Proto-Tai *trwaːmᴬ (“to carry on the back”), whence Thai หาม (hǎam, “to carry”).
The softened initial in Northern Min points to OC pre-nasalization which is supported by Iu Mien daːm¹ (Schuessler, 2007), an early Chinese loan into Hmong-Mien (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
擔 (OC *taːms) is 擔 (OC *taːm) with the passive s/h-suffix, literally "what is carried".
Note:
- taⁿ - vernacular;
- tam - literary.
Note:
- dam1/dang1 - literary (dang1 - Chenghai);
- dan1 - vernacular.
Note: 1'ne - variant, possibly influenced by
拿, used in e.g.
擔伊做脫.
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
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Character
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擔
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Reading #
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1/3
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Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
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dān
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Middle Chinese
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‹ tam ›
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Old Chinese
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/*mə-tˁam/
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English
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carry on the shoulder
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Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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Zhengzhang system (2003)
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Character
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擔
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Reading #
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1/2
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No.
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16747
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Phonetic component
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詹
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Rime group
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談
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Rime subdivision
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1
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Corresponding MC rime
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擔
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Old Chinese
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/*taːm/
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Notes
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見國語說文作儋
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擔
- to carry on a shoulder pole
- to bear; to shoulder; to undertake
- (Cantonese) to hold in one's mouth
佢擔住枝煙行路。 [Cantonese, trad.]
佢担住枝烟行路。 [Cantonese, simp.]- keoi5 daam1 zyu6 zi1 jin1 haang4 lou6. [Jyutping]
- He is walking with a cigarette in his mouth.
條蟲俾隻雀仔擔走咗。 [Cantonese, trad.]
条虫俾只雀仔担走咗。 [Cantonese, simp.]- tiu4 cung4 bei2 zek3 zoek3 zai2 daam1 zau2 zo2. [Jyutping]
- The worm was taken away by the bird with the beak.
- 充任 (chōngrèn)
- 充作 (chōngzuò) (of an unqualified person or thing)
- 充當/充当 (chōngdāng)
- 坐投 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 坐擔/坐担 (Hokkien)
- 坐斗 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 承受 (chéngshòu)
- 承擔/承担 (chéngdān)
- 承當/承当 (chéngdāng)
- 接載/接载 (Hokkien)
- 擔任/担任 (dānrèn)
- 擔承/担承 (dānchéng)
- 擔當/担当 (dāndāng)
- 擔負/担负 (dānfù)
- 擔責承/担责承 (Hokkien)
- 擔領/担领 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 稟受/禀受 (bǐngshòu) (literary)
- 肩 (jiān)
- 肩負/肩负 (jiānfù)
- 負擔/负担 (fùdān)
- 食坐 (Hokkien)
- 食擔/食担 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
Note:
- tàⁿ - vernacular;
- tàm - literary.
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
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Character
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擔
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擔
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Reading #
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2/3
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3/3
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Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
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dàn
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dàn
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Middle Chinese
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‹ tam ›
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‹ tamH ›
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Old Chinese
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/*tˁam/
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/*mə-tˁam-s/
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English
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burden
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burden
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Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
|
擔
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Reading #
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2/2
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No.
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16753
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Phonetic component
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詹
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Rime group
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談
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Rime subdivision
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1
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Corresponding MC rime
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擔
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Old Chinese
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/*taːms/
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擔
- carrying pole with loads on both ends
- burden; load; responsibilities
- picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight equal to 100 catties
- (Mainland China) picul; equal to 50 kilograms
- (Hong Kong) picul; equal to 60.478982 kilograms
- Classifier for things carried on a shoulder pole: load
擔
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 担)
- A traditional unit of measurement equivalent to 60kg or approximately 132.3lb
- shouldering
- carry
- raise
- bear
擔 (eumhun 멜 담 (mel dam))
- hanja form? of 담 (“shouldering”)
- hanja form? of 담 (“carry”)
- hanja form? of 담 (“raise”)
- hanja form? of 담 (“bear”)
擔: Hán Nôm readings: đâm, đảm, tạ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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