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Proto-Indo-European
[edit]
*(s)ker-
- to cut off, sever
- to separate, divide
Alternative reconstructions
[edit]
- *(s)kerb-
- *(s)kerdʰ-: see *(s)kérdʰh₁eti
- *ker-p-
- *(s)ker-s-
- *(s)ker-t-
- *(s)kert-sneh₂
- Proto-Italic: *kertsnā (“portion; meal”)
- Latin: cēna (see there for further descendants)
- Oscan: kersnu
- Umbrian: śesna
- *(s)kr̥t-ó-m (or < *(s)kr̥-tó-m)
- >? *(s)kort-ek-s
- Proto-Italic:
- Latin: cortex (see there for further descendants)
- *(s)kr̥t-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥tˢtás
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kr̥ttás
- Sanskrit: कृत्त (kṛttá, “cut, cut off, divided, curtailed”)
- Unsorted formations
- Proto-Albanian: *štšertja
- Sanskrit: कर्तति (kartati, “cut”) (see there for further descendants)
- Sanskrit: कृन्तते (kṛntáte, “cut”), कृन्तति (kṛntati)
- Sanskrit: कर्तनी (kartanī, “scissors”)
- Proto-Tocharian:
- *skr-éy-ti?
- *(s)kr-ew-
- *(s)kr-ew-p-
- *skér(H)-ti ~ *skr̥(H)-énti (root athematic present)[6]
- Proto-Celtic: *skarati (“to sever, separate, divide”) (see there for further descendants)
- *sker-e-ti (root thematic present)
- Proto-Albanian: *skera
- Proto-Germanic: *skeraną (see there for further descendants)
- *(s)kér(H)-dʰh₁e-ti
- *(s)ker(H)-ye- (ye-present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skírˀtei (with evidence of a laryngeal?)[1]
- Latvian: sķir̃t
- Lithuanian: skìrti (“to separate, distinguish”)
- Proto-Hellenic: *keřřō
- Ancient Greek: κείρω (keírō)
- *(s)kor-éh₂
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *karā́ˀ
- Proto-Slavic: *kora (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skarā́ˀ
- Proto-Slavic: *skora (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *skarō (“division, portion”) (see there for further descendants)
- *(s)kor-os
- *(s)kér-mn̥ ~ *(s)kr̥-mén-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čárma (see there for further descendants)
- *(s)kér-mō
- >? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kremō (possibly)
- Proto-Slavic: *kremy (see there for further descendants)
- *(s)kor-mós
- Proto-Hellenic: *kormós
- Ancient Greek: κορμός (kormós)
- *(s)kér(H)-ō[2]
- Proto-Italic: *karō
- Latin: carō (see there for further descendants)
- Oscan: karneis (genitive singular)
- Umbrian: 𐌊𐌀𐌓𐌖 (karu)
- *(s)kér-ti-s ~ *(s)kr̥-téy-s
- Proto-Germanic: *skurdiz (“cutting”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)kr̥tíṣ
- Proto-Iranian: *(s)kr̥tíṣ
- Sanskrit: कृति (kṛtí, “the act of hurting; knife, dagger”)
- *(s)kr̥-tós
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Slavic: *krъtъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *skurtaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *kortos
- Latin: curtus (see there for further descendants)
- *(s)kor-tós
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kártas
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)kartás
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *(s)kartás
- Sanskrit: कर्त (kartá, “cutting; separation, distinction; hole, cavity”)
- *skēr-is
- Proto-Germanic: *skēriz (see there for further descendants)
- *(s)kor-yo-
- Proto-Italic: *korjom
- Latin: corium (see there for further descendants)
- Unsorted formations:
- Albanian: çjerr, harr, thërras
- Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: քերեմ (kʻerem), քերծեմ (kʻercem), քերթեմ (kʻertʻem), քորեմ (kʻorem) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Germanic: *skirmiz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *skurtijǭ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *skurō (“incision; tear; rift”)
- Proto-Germanic: *skuriz
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “skirti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 405
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “carō, carnis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 94
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kärst-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 178-179
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kertte”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 211
- ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 244
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 576-578
*(s)ker-
- to turn, bend
- *(s)kr̥-tós
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: κυρτός (kurtós)
- *(s)kr̥-wós
- Proto-Italic: *korwos
- Latin: curvus (see there for further descendants)
- *(s)kr̥-kr̥- (duplicated)
- *(s)ker-k- (extended perhaps from reduplication *ke-ker- or *ki-ker-)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: κίρκος (kírkos), κρίκος (kríkos) (see there for further descendants)
- → Latin: circus (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Slavic: *kъrkъ (see there for further descendants)
- *(s)kr̥-tiH-neh₂ (extended)
- *(s)ker-ew- (extended)
- *(s)kor-os
- *(s)kre-i- (extended)
- *(s)kre-i-s- (extended)
- *(s)kre-u-k- (extended)
- *(s)kre-n-gʰ- (extended, nasalized)
- Proto-Germanic: *hringaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Slavic: *krǫgъ (see there for further descendants)
- Sanskrit: कृणत्ति (kṛṇatti)
- Sanskrit: क्रुञ्चति (kruñcati)
- Sanskrit: क्रौञ्च (krauñca)