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Translingual
Han character
艾 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 廿大 (TK) or 難廿大 (XTK), four-corner 44400, composition ⿱艹乂)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1017, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30648
- Dae Jaweon: page 1475, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3172, character 9
- Unihan data for U+827E
Chinese
Glyph origin
|
|
Old Chinese
|
| 艾
|
*ŋaːds, *ŋads
|
| 鴱
|
*ŋaːds, *ŋads
|
| 餀
|
*hŋaːds
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| 刈
|
*ŋads
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| 乂
|
*ŋads
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːds, *ŋads) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 乂 (OC *ŋads).
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Note:
- Meixian:
- nê4 - vernacular;
- ngai4 - literary.
Note:
- ngié - vernacular;
- ngái - literary.
Note:
- hiāⁿ - vernacular;
- gāi/ngāi - literary;
- ài - limited.
Note:
- hian7 - vernacular;
- ngai6 - literary.
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
| Character
|
艾
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
|
ài
|
Middle
Chinese
|
‹ ngajH ›
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*C.ŋˁa[t]-s/
|
| English
|
Artemisia; moxa
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
艾
|
| Reading #
|
1/2
|
| No.
|
14953
|
Phonetic
component
|
乂
|
Rime
group
|
祭
|
Rime
subdivision
|
1
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
艾
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*ŋaːds/
|
Definitions
艾
- mugwort, especially Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi)
- (obsolete) green
- (literary) pale; greyish white
- (literary) elderly person
凡童少鑒淺而志盛，長艾識堅而氣衰。 [MSC, trad.]
凡童少鉴浅而志盛，长艾识坚而气衰。 [MSC, simp.]- From: 6th century Liu Xie 劉勰, 《文心雕龍》The Mind of Literature and Carved Dragons
- Fán tóngshào jiàn qiǎn ér zhì shèng, cháng'ài shí jiān ér qì shuāi. [Pinyin]
- Ordinarily, the youths are shallow-minded yet strong-willed; the elderly are firm in wisdom and dwindling in spirit.
- (literary) to end; to stop
- 方興未艾／方兴未艾 ― fāngxīnɡwèi'ài ― to be in the ascendant
- (literary) beautiful lady
- (obsolete) to nurture; to foster
樂只君子、保艾爾後。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
乐只君子、保艾尔后。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yuè zhǐ jūnzǐ, bǎo'ài ěr hòu. [Pinyin]
- To be rejoiced in are ye, gentlemen; May ye preserve and maintain your posterity!
君子萬年、福祿艾之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
君子万年、福禄艾之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Jūnzǐ wànnián, fúlù ài zhī. [Pinyin]
- May our sovereign live for ten thousand years, sustained in his happiness and wealth!
- (historical) an ancient place in modern-day Xiushui County, Jiangxi
- (historical) a mountain in modern-day Xintai, Shandong
- a surname
Synonyms
Compounds
Etymology 2
From 愛. See 愛滋病 for more.
Pronunciation
Definitions
艾
- Only used in 艾滋病 (àizībìng).
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
艾
|
| Reading #
|
2/2
|
| No.
|
14958
|
Phonetic
component
|
乂
|
Rime
group
|
祭
|
Rime
subdivision
|
1
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
刈
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*ŋads/
|
Definitions
艾
- † Alternative form of 刈 (yì, “to mow; to harvest; to chop; to exterminate; sickle”)
- † Alternative form of 乂 (“to govern; to control; to pacify; to admonish”)
孟子曰：「君子之所以教者五：有如時雨化之者，有成德者，有達財者，有答問者，有私淑艾者。此五者，君子之所以教也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
孟子曰：「君子之所以教者五：有如时雨化之者，有成德者，有达财者，有答问者，有私淑艾者。此五者，君子之所以教也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Mèngzǐ yuē: “Jūnzǐ zhī suǒ yǐ jiào zhě wǔ: yǒu rú shíyǔ huà zhī zhě, yǒu chéng dé zhě, yǒu dá cái zhě, yǒu dá wèn zhě, yǒu sī shū yì zhě. Cǐ wǔ zhě, jūnzǐ zhī suǒyǐ jiào yě.” [Pinyin]
- Mencius said, 'There are five ways in which the superior man effects his teaching. There are some on whom his influence descends like seasonable rain. There are some whose virtue he perfects, and some of whose talents he assists the development. There are some whose inquiries he answers. There are some who privately cultivate and correct themselves. These five ways are the methods in which the superior man effects his teaching.'
Compounds
References
Japanese
Kanji
艾
(Hyōgai kanji)
- artemisia; mugwort, sagebrush, wormwood
Readings
From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ngajH); compare Mandarin 艾 (ài):
From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ngjojH); compare Mandarin 艾 (yì):
From native Japanese roots:
Compounds
Etymology 1
もぐさ on Japanese Wikipedia
Possibly From 燃ゆ (moyu, “to burn”) + 草 (kusa, “grass”).
Pronunciation
Noun
艾 • (mogusa)
- mugwort
Derived terms
Descendants
Etymology 2
ヨモギ on Japanese Wikipedia
Pronunciation
Noun
艾 • (yomogi)
- mugwort
Derived terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ngajH).
Pronunciation
Hanja
Wikisource
艾 (eumhun 쑥 애 (ssuk ae))
- moxa, mugwort
Compounds
- 애가 (艾猳, aega)
- 애개 (艾芥, aegae)
- 애고 (艾糕, aego)
- 애고 (艾膏, aego)
- 애국채 (艾菊菜, aegukchae)
- 애년 (艾年, aenyeon)
- 애로 (艾老, aero)
- 애막 (艾幕, aemak)
- 애병 (艾餠, aebyeong)
- 애복 (艾服, aebok)
- 애석 (艾石, aeseok)
- 애애 (艾艾, aeae)
- 애엽 (艾葉, aeyeop)
- 애용 (艾俑, aeyong)
- 애인 (艾人, aein)
- 애전 (艾田, aejeon)
- 애초 (艾草, aecho)
- 애탕 (艾湯, aetang)
- 애헌 (艾軒, aeheon)
- 애호 (艾蒿, aeho)
- 애호 (艾虎, aeho)
- 애화 (艾花, aehwa)
- 강애 (江艾, gang'ae)
- 기애 (耆艾, giae)
- 난애 (蘭艾, nanae)
- 난애동분 (蘭艾同焚, nanaedongbun)
- 달애 (炟艾, darae)
- 달애 (怛艾, darae)
- 봉애 (蓬艾, bong'ae)
- 소애 (少艾, soae)
- 실애 (實艾, sirae)
- 약애 (藥艾, yagae)
- 자원자애 (自怨自艾, jawonjaae)
- 진애 (陳艾, jinae)
- 침애 (針艾, chimae)
- 침애 (鍼艾, chimae)
- 해애 (海艾, haeae)
See also
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ngjojH).
Pronunciation
Hanja
Wikisource
艾 (eumhun 다스릴 예 (daseuril ye))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
- Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005). [3]
Vietnamese
Han character
艾: Hán Nôm readings: ngải, nghệ, nghễ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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