Temporary Disabled. :) please Go back DermNet® - Itraconazole www.fgks.org » Address: [go: up one dir, main page] Include Form Remove Scripts Accept Cookies Show Images Show Referer Rotate13 Base64 Strip Meta Strip Title Session Cookies Search DermNet CtrlK Are you a healthcare professional GO TO DERMNET PRO Home Topics A-Z Images Cases Skin checker Translate Jobs Give feedback Main menu Home Topics A-Z Images Cases Skin checker Translate Jobs Give feedback Common skin conditions Acne Athlete's foot Cellulitis Cold sores Dermatitis/Eczema Heat rash Hives Impetigo Psoriasis Ringworm Rosacea Seborrhoeic dermatitis Shingles Vitiligo NEWS Check out what's new with DermNet Read more Quick links Skin checker Try our skin symptom checker Home Topics A-Z Itraconazole Itraconazole — extra information Categories: Infections, Treatments ICD-11: NE60 SNOMED CT: 387532006, 430987002, 292825000 ADVERTISEMENT Infections Treatments Itraconazole Author: Hon A/Prof Amanda Oakley, Dermatologist, Hamilton, New Zealand, 2004. Introduction Uses Mechanism of action Administration Dose regime Side-effects Drug interactions Drug resistance What is itraconazole? Itraconazole is an triazole medicine used to treat fungal infections. What is itraconazole used for? Itraconazole is effective against a broad spectrum of fungi including: Dermatophytes (tinea infections) Yeasts such as candida and malassezia infections Systemic fungal infections such as histoplasma, aspergillus, coccidiodomycosis, chromoblastomycosis. Itraconazole is sometimes used for inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic eczema, seborrhoeic dermatitis or psoriasis, if a fungus or yeast is thought to be contributing to the condition. Itraconazole has recently been observed to slow the growth of basal cell carcinoma, and is occasionally used for this purpose off-label.[1,2] How does itracoanzole work? Itraconazole binds to the fungal p450 enzymes and stops the cells making ergosterol, the main component of the cell wall. How is itraconazole taken? In New Zealand, itraconazole is available as 100 mg capsules on prescription and a 10 mg/mL liquid preparation. A generic, Itrazole, is funded under some circumstances. Sporanox™, is the registered trademark for itraconazole preparations, copyright Janssen-Cilag. Sporanox oral liquid is subsidised on Special Authority application for children with immunodeficiency and relevant infections. The medication is better absorbed orally when it is taken with a fatty meal or acidic drink (eg, orange juice). It is bound to proteins such as albumin in the circulating blood and becomes concentrated in fat cells and within skin and nails. It takes one to three days for half of the medication to be cleared from the blood stream. The rest is eliminated in faeces and urine after conversion by the liver into inactive compounds. Skin concentrations may be 3–10-fold higher than those in the blood. It may persist in the skin for up to 4 weeks after the drug has been discontinued and in the nails for up to a year. Dose regime for itraconazole Various regimes for itraconazole have been found successful; typical doses are listed below. Courses can be repeated and the medication can be continued for months if necessary. Tinea corporis, tinea cruris: 200 mg daily for one week OR 100mg daily for 2 weeks Tinea pedis, tinea manuum: 200 mg twice daily for one week OR 100mg daily for 2-4 weeks Vulvovaginal candidiasis: 200 mg twice daily for one day OR 200 mg daily for 3 days Oral candidiasis: 100 mg daily for two weeks Tinea unguium: 200 mg/day for 6-8 weeks (fingernails) or 3-4 months (toenails), OR 200 mg twice daily for 7 days, repeated monthly for 2 months (fingernails) or 3–4 months (toenails) Pityriasis versicolor: 200 mg/day for 10 days, with a preventative dose of 200mg once monthly for 6 months. The dose of itraconazole in children is usually 5 mg per kg body weight per day to maximum 200 mg per day, but is reserved for exceptional circumstances. Side effects of itraconazole Itraconazole appears to be a relatively safe drug. Side effects, usually minor, are more likely during a prolonged course of treatment. Nausea and vomiting (5%) Constipation Headache Dizziness Abnormal liver function tests (up to 5% for those on long term therapy, 2% for pulse therapy); significant liver disease is rare Allergic skin rash including urticaria Endocrine effects including enlarged breasts (in males) and adrenal suppression Tingling in the fingers and toes (very rare) Congestive heart failure: itraconazole should be used with caution in those with heart problems. Itraconazole is best avoided in pregnancy. Although only excreted in tiny amounts from breast milk, it should only be taken by a breast-feeding mother if essential. Drug interactions with itraconazole Itraconazole has important interactions with other medications. As itraconazole needs acid for its absorption, antacids, H2 antagonists (cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine) and omeprazole should not be taken for 2 hours after itraconazole. Itraconazole is a P-glycoprotein inhibitor and increases the concentration of some drugs. These drugs should not be taken by those on itraconazole: HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors (atorvastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin); fluvastatin, rosuvastatin and pravastatin are acceptable alternatives. Toxicity due to the combination of drugs results in muscle pain and weakness, which may be serious. Cisapride Midazolam, triazolam The antihistamines astemizole (Hismanal®) and terfenadine (Teldane®); these are no longer available in New Zealand. Itraconazole may increase the risk of bleeding from anticoagulants such as warfarin or dabigatran. The dose of these drugs should be reduced: Warfarin Digoxin Methyl prednisolone Ciclosporin Tacrolimus Vinca alkaloids The dose of these drugs may need reducing if side effects arise: Quinidine Calcium channel blockers Antidiabetic sulphonylurea medication (tolbutamide, glibenclamide, gliclazide, glipizide) The following drugs decrease the concentration of itraconazole: Rifampicin Isoniazid Phenytoin Carbamazepine Itraconazole is not thought to interact with the oral contraceptive pill. Antifungal drug resistance In recent years, both topical and oral allylamine and triazole antifungal drug resistance has become a problem, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. Extensive therapy-resistant dermatophyte infection should prompt this as a possible problem. Where available, fungal culture and estimation of drug minimum inhibitory concentration determined to guide appropriate medication. For more information, see antifungal drug resistance. Approved datasheets are the official source of information for medicines, including approved uses, doses, and safety information. Check the individual datasheet in your country for information about medicines. We suggest you refer to your national drug approval agency such as the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), UK Medicines and Healthcare products regulatory agency (MHRA) / emc, and NZ Medsafe, or a national or state-approved formulary eg, the New Zealand Formulary (NZF) and New Zealand Formulary for Children (NZFC) and the British National Formulary (BNF) and British National Formulary for Children (BNFC). References Kim DJ, Kim J, Spaunhurst K, Montoya J, Khodosh R, Chandra K, Fu T, Gilliam A, Molgo M, Beachy PA, Tang JY. Open-label, exploratory phase II trial of oral itraconazole for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Mar 10;32(8):745–51. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.49.9525. PubMed Kim J, Tang JY, Gong R, Kim J, Lee JJ, Clemons KV, Chong CR, Chang KS, Fereshteh M, Gardner D, Reya T, Liu JO, Epstein EH, Stevens DA, Beachy PA. Itraconazole, a commonly used antifungal that inhibits Hedgehog pathway activity and cancer growth. Cancer Cell. 2010 Apr 13;17(4):388–99. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.02.027. PubMed On DermNet Introduction to fungal infections Treatment of fungal infections Other websites Consumer medicine information and data sheets — Medsafe Drugs, Herbs and Supplements — MedlinePlus Books about skin diseases Books about the skin Dermatology Made Easy - second edition ADVERTISEMENT Other recommended articles TrendMD recommendations failed to load. Please refresh the page. ADVERTISEMENT ADVERTISEMENT ADVERTISEMENT ADVERTISEMENT
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Itraconazole
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Author: Hon A/Prof Amanda Oakley, Dermatologist, Hamilton, New Zealand, 2004.
Introduction Uses Mechanism of action Administration Dose regime Side-effects Drug interactions Drug resistance
Itraconazole is an triazole medicine used to treat fungal infections.
Itraconazole is effective against a broad spectrum of fungi including:
Itraconazole is sometimes used for inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic eczema, seborrhoeic dermatitis or psoriasis, if a fungus or yeast is thought to be contributing to the condition.
Itraconazole has recently been observed to slow the growth of basal cell carcinoma, and is occasionally used for this purpose off-label.[1,2]
Itraconazole binds to the fungal p450 enzymes and stops the cells making ergosterol, the main component of the cell wall.
In New Zealand, itraconazole is available as 100 mg capsules on prescription and a 10 mg/mL liquid preparation. A generic, Itrazole, is funded under some circumstances. Sporanox™, is the registered trademark for itraconazole preparations, copyright Janssen-Cilag. Sporanox oral liquid is subsidised on Special Authority application for children with immunodeficiency and relevant infections.
The medication is better absorbed orally when it is taken with a fatty meal or acidic drink (eg, orange juice). It is bound to proteins such as albumin in the circulating blood and becomes concentrated in fat cells and within skin and nails. It takes one to three days for half of the medication to be cleared from the blood stream. The rest is eliminated in faeces and urine after conversion by the liver into inactive compounds.
Skin concentrations may be 3–10-fold higher than those in the blood. It may persist in the skin for up to 4 weeks after the drug has been discontinued and in the nails for up to a year.
Various regimes for itraconazole have been found successful; typical doses are listed below. Courses can be repeated and the medication can be continued for months if necessary.
The dose of itraconazole in children is usually 5 mg per kg body weight per day to maximum 200 mg per day, but is reserved for exceptional circumstances.
Itraconazole appears to be a relatively safe drug. Side effects, usually minor, are more likely during a prolonged course of treatment.
Itraconazole is best avoided in pregnancy. Although only excreted in tiny amounts from breast milk, it should only be taken by a breast-feeding mother if essential.
Itraconazole has important interactions with other medications.
As itraconazole needs acid for its absorption, antacids, H2 antagonists (cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine) and omeprazole should not be taken for 2 hours after itraconazole.
Itraconazole is a P-glycoprotein inhibitor and increases the concentration of some drugs.
These drugs should not be taken by those on itraconazole:
Itraconazole may increase the risk of bleeding from anticoagulants such as warfarin or dabigatran.
The dose of these drugs should be reduced:
The dose of these drugs may need reducing if side effects arise:
The following drugs decrease the concentration of itraconazole:
Itraconazole is not thought to interact with the oral contraceptive pill.
In recent years, both topical and oral allylamine and triazole antifungal drug resistance has become a problem, particularly in the Indian subcontinent.
Extensive therapy-resistant dermatophyte infection should prompt this as a possible problem. Where available, fungal culture and estimation of drug minimum inhibitory concentration determined to guide appropriate medication.
For more information, see antifungal drug resistance.
Approved datasheets are the official source of information for medicines, including approved uses, doses, and safety information. Check the individual datasheet in your country for information about medicines.
We suggest you refer to your national drug approval agency such as the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), UK Medicines and Healthcare products regulatory agency (MHRA) / emc, and NZ Medsafe, or a national or state-approved formulary eg, the New Zealand Formulary (NZF) and New Zealand Formulary for Children (NZFC) and the British National Formulary (BNF) and British National Formulary for Children (BNFC).
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