United States municipal elections, 2019
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2019 Elections By Date |
Elections were held in 63 of America's 100 largest cities by population in 2019. That included elections for mayor in 31 of the 100 largest cities. This page provides links to Ballotpedia's coverage of 2019 municipal elections in those 63 cities, along with elections in counties that overlap with them.
The cities listed on this page had a total population of 47.3 million according to 2013 United States census data.
During the 2019 election cycle, Ballotpedia temporarily expanded its coverage of North Carolina in order to provide voters with a comprehensive statewide sample ballot. This coverage included North Carolina elections spanning 503 cities, towns, and villages, nine school districts, and 17 special districts. No North Carolina counties held elections in 2019. Click here for more information about North Carolina's local elections.
Below, you will find the following:
- Battleground election summary: Summaries of competitive or otherwise interesting municipal elections
- Municipal partisanship: Information on partisan affiliations of mayors in the 100 largest cities
- Municipal elections by state: List of 2019 city and county elections by state
- Municipal elections by date: List of 2019 city and county elections by date
- List of mayors: List of mayors of the 100 largest cities
- Historical election data: Statistics on municipal elections covered by Ballotpedia between 2014 and 2018
- Issues: Highlight of issues discussed across several 2019 municipal elections
- More local election analysis: Links to further coverage of municipal elections by Ballotpedia
Battleground election summary
Ballotpedia designated certain 2019 elections as battlegrounds—races expected to have a meaningful effect on the balance of power in governments or to be particularly competitive or compelling. Here is a summary of some key 2019 municipal battleground elections:
Mayoral battlegrounds
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Phoenix
- On March 12, a special runoff election was held for mayor of Phoenix, Arizona. Former Phoenix City Council member Kate Gallego defeated fellow former council member Daniel Valenzuela. While the election was nonpartisan, both candidates were Democrats who cast similar votes on the council. The race resulted in a partisan change. Thelda Williams, a Republican, served as interim mayor after former Mayor Greg Stanton (D) resigned in May 2018.
Jacksonville
- On March 19, Lenny Curry (R) was re-elected mayor of Jacksonville, Florida. He defeated two Republicans and an independent. No Democratic candidate filed to run in the race. The second-place finisher was Anna Brosche (R), a member of the Jacksonville City Council.
Chicago
- Chicago, Illinois—the third-largest city in the nation—held its fourth open mayoral election in 100 years. Lori Lightfoot defeated Toni Preckwinkle in an April 2 runoff election. They had advanced from a 14-candidate field in the general election on February 26. That was the largest mayoral candidate field in the city's history.
Tampa
- Former police chief Jane Castor defeated philanthropist David Straz in the April 23 runoff for Tampa's open mayoral seat. Bob Buckhorn, Tampa's mayor, was prevented by term limits from seeking re-election. Transportation and congestion relief were major issues in the race.
Kansas City
- Cty council member Quinton Lucas defeated council member Jolie Justus in the Kansas City, Missouri, mayoral election on June 18. Incumbent Mayor Sly James was prevented by term limits from seeking re-election. Lucas campaigned as an outsider while Justus focused on her experience in the state Senate and city council. A primary election took place on April 2 to narrow the field of 11 candidates to two.
Dallas
- See also: Mayoral election in Dallas, Texas (2019)
- Dallas, Texas, held a nonpartisan election for mayor on May 4 and a runoff on June 8, 2019. State Rep. Eric Johnson (D) defeated City Councilman Scott Griggs in a race characterized by debate over who was best equipped to build consensus on the city council. Dallas has a council-manager form of government, meaning the mayor serves as a member of the city council. The seat was open as incumbent Mike Rawlings (D), in office since 2011, was prevented by term limits from seeking re-election.
Denver
- Incumbent Michael Hancock won re-election against urban development consultant Jamie Giellis on June 4, 2019. Denverite described the election as "a referendum on growth and its far-reaching effects, from transportation options and economic prowess to neighborhood aesthetics and displacement."[1]
Nashville
- At-Large Metro Councilmember John Cooper defeated incumbent Mayor David Briley in a mayoral runoff election in Nashville, Tennessee, on September 12, 2019. Briley was the first mayor to lose a re-election bid since Nashville's Metro government formed in 1963. He had taken office upon the resignation of Mayor Megan Barry in March 2018 and won election in May 2018 to complete her term. Cooper emphasized fiscal stewardship in his campaign and said he'd shift focus to neighborhoods and away from incentives for downtown projects.
Memphis
- Incumbent Jim Strickland defeated former Mayor Willie Herenton, Shelby County Commissioner Tamara Sawyer, and nine other candidates on October 3, 2019, to win election to a second four-year term as mayor of Memphis, Tennessee. Strickland was first elected in 2015, defeating incumbent A.C. Wharton with 41.3 percent of the vote.
Houston
- Incumbent Sylvester Turner was re-elected in the December 14, 2019, runoff election for mayor of Houston, Texas. Turner and Tony Buzbee advanced to the runoff from a 12-candidate general election field. Policy debate in the race centered on Turner's record during his first term, especially regarding his handling of the city's budget and spending priorities. Turner was first elected mayor in 2015.
City council battlegrounds
Chicago
- All 50 seats on the Chicago City Council were up for election in 2019. The council gained 12 newcomers as a result of the 2019 elections, between five open races and seven incumbents defeated. Forty-five incumbents sought re-election. Fifteen races advanced to runoff elections. Each council member represents one of the city's 50 wards, and an average of 54,000 people lived in each ward as of the election.
Philadelphia
- All 17 seats on the Philadelphia City Council were up for election in 2019. Ten of those seats were elected from districts and the remaining seven were elected by the city at-large. Each party could nominate only five candidates for the seven at-large seats, meaning that no one party could win every city council seat. Since Philadelphia adopted its charter in 1951, every city council election through 2015 resulted in five Democrats and two Republicans winning the seven at-large seats. In the 2019 election, Working Families Party candidate Kendra Brooks won one of the seats previously held by Republicans. Control of the district seats did not change, leaving the council's overall partisan balance at 14 Democrats, two Republicans, and one member of the Working Families Party.
Seattle
- Seven of nine seats on the Seattle City Council were up for election November 5. Three incumbents sought re-election, and they won. The other four races were open. The elections saw record-breaking satellite spending of more than $4 million, with $1.8 million spent by the local chamber of commerce's political action committee, which received $1.5 million from Amazon. The election followed a head tax proposal that was passed and then repealed in 2018. This was the second election in which a voter voucher program was used to provide public funding to campaigns. It was also the second election in recent history in which councilmembers were elected by district; from 1910 to 2013, all Seattle councilmembers were elected at large.
Other municipal battlegrounds
New York City
- Jumaane Williams, a New York City councilman representing parts of Brooklyn, won the special election for New York City public advocate on February 26. Seventeen candidates ran in the race. Williams served until December 31. The public advocate is first in the mayoral line of succession and acts as a watchdog and ombudsman for the public. The public advocate may sit in meetings of the City Council and introduce legislation but may not vote on any measure.
Mayoral partisanship
Once mayors elected in 2019 assumed office, the mayors of 65 of the country's 100 largest cities were affiliated with the Democratic Party. Out of the 31 mayoral elections that were held in 2019 in the 100 largest cities, five partisan changes occurred. Democrats gained three mayorships: two previously held by Republicans and one previously held by an independent. Republicans won one office held by an unaffiliated mayor, and one office where the incumbent's partisan affiliation was unknown.
In the elections in Phoenix, Arizona and Wichita, Kansas, Democrats won seats with Republican incumbents. In Wichita, Democrat Brandon Whipple defeated Republican incumbent Jeff Longwell. In Raleigh, North Carolina, a Democrat won a seat previously held by an independent. In Aurora, Colorado, a Republican succeeded an unaffiliated mayor. In Garland, Texas, a Republican succeeded a mayor with unknown party affiliation. Incumbents did not seek re-election in Phoenix, Raleigh, Aurora, or Garland.
Click here to learn more.
Municipal elections across the United States
Use the tabs below to sort 2019 municipal elections either by state or by date.
By state
Alabama
- Birmingham, Alabama - City council (special election)
Alaska
- Anchorage, Alaska - City council
Arizona
- Phoenix, Arizona - Mayor and city council
- Tucson, Arizona - Mayor and city council
California
- Fresno, California - City council (special election)
- Fresno County, California - Board of supervisors
- Long Beach, California - City council (special election)
- Los Angeles, California - City council (special election)
- Los Angeles County, California - County water districts
- Orange County, California - Board of supervisors
- Riverside County, California - Home Gardens Sanitary District board
- Riverside, California - City council
- San Bernardino, California - City council (special election)
- San Francisco, California - Mayor, board of supervisors, city attorney, district attorney, public defender, sheriff, treasurer, and a community college district
- Santa Ana, California - City council (special election)
Colorado
- Aurora, Colorado - Mayor and city council
- Colorado Springs, Colorado - Mayor and city council
- Denver, Colorado - Mayor, city auditor, city clerk, and city council
Florida
- Hialeah, Florida - City council
- Jacksonville, Florida - Mayor, supervisor of elections, property appraiser, sheriff, tax collector, and city council
- Miami, Florida - City council
- Orlando, Florida - Mayor and city council
- St. Petersburg, Florida - City council
- Tampa, Florida - Mayor and city council
Georgia
- Atlanta, Georgia - City council (special election)
- Fulton County, Georgia - Board of commissioners (special election)
Hawaii
- Honolulu, Hawaii - City council (special election)
Idaho
- Boise, Idaho - Mayor and city council
Illinois
- Chicago, Illinois - Mayor, city council, city clerk, and city treasurer
Indiana
- Fort Wayne, Indiana - Mayor, city council, and city clerk
- Indianapolis, Indiana - Mayor and city council
Kansas
- Wichita, Kansas - Mayor and city council
Kentucky
- Fayette County, Kentucky - Circuit court judge
Louisiana
- Baton Rouge, Louisiana - City council (special election)
- East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana - Sheriff, clerk of court, assessor, coroner, district court judge (special election), juvenile court judge (special election), and justice of the peace (special election)
Massachusetts
- Boston, Massachusetts - City council
- Cambridge, Massachusetts - City council
- Somerville, Massachusetts - Mayor and city council
- Waltham, Massachusetts - Mayor and city council
- Woburn, Massachusetts - Mayor and city council
Minnesota
- Ramsey County, Minnesota - County commission (special election)
- St. Paul, Minnesota - City council
Missouri
- Kansas City, Missouri - Mayor and city council
- St. Louis, Missouri - City council and community college board
Nebraska
- Lincoln, Nebraska - Mayor, city council, and airport authority
Nevada
- Henderson, Nevada - City council and municipal court judge
- Las Vegas, Nevada - Mayor and city council
- North Las Vegas, Nevada - City council
New Jersey
- Essex County, New Jersey - County register and county board of chosen freeholders
- Hudson County, New Jersey - County executive, county sheriff, and county surrogate
New Mexico
- Albuquerque, New Mexico - City council
- Bernalillo County, New Mexico - Flood control board, community college board, and soil and water conservation district board
New York
- Bronx County, New York - County district attorney, city court judge, and Supreme Court justice
- Buffalo, New York - Comptroller, city council, and city court judge
- Erie County, New York - County executive, county legislature, and Supreme Court justice
- Kings County, New York - City court judge, surrogate court judge, and Supreme Court justice
- New York, New York - Public advocate (special election), city council (special election), city court judge, and Supreme Court justice
- New York County, New York - City court judge and Supreme Court justice
- Queens County, New York - County district attorney, city court judge, and Supreme Court justice
- Richmond County, New York - County district attorney, city court judge, and Supreme Court justice
North Carolina
During the 2019 election cycle, Ballotpedia temporarily expanded its coverage of North Carolina in order to provide voters with a comprehensive statewide sample ballot. This coverage included North Carolina elections spanning 503 cities, towns, and villages, nine school districts, and 17 special districts. No North Carolina counties held elections in 2019. Click here for more information about North Carolina's local elections.
- Charlotte, North Carolina - Mayor and city council
- Durham, North Carolina - Mayor and city council
- Raleigh, North Carolina - Mayor and city council
Ohio
- Columbus, Ohio - Mayor and city council
- Franklin County, Ohio - County municipal court judges
- Hamilton County, Ohio - County municipal court judges
- Toledo, Ohio - City council, municipal judges, and clerk of municipal court
Oklahoma
- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma - City council
Oregon
- Multnomah County, Oregon - Special districts
Pennsylvania
- Allegheny County, Pennsylvania - County council, county controller, county executive, county district attorney, county treasurer, and magisterial district judges
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - Mayor, city council, city commission, county sheriff, register of wills, trial court judges, and municipal judges
- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania - City council, city controller
Tennessee
- Memphis, Tennessee - Mayor, city council, city court clerk, and municipal court judges
- Nashville, Tennessee - Mayor and metro council
Texas
- Arlington, Texas - Mayor and city council
- Bexar County, Texas - River authority
- Collin County, Texas - Community college board
- Dallas, Texas - Mayor and city council
- El Paso, Texas - City council (special election)
- El Paso County, Texas - Community college board
- Fort Worth, Texas - Mayor and city council
- Garland, Texas - Mayor and city council
- Harris County, Texas - Community college board
- Houston, Texas - Mayor, controller, and city council
- Irving, Texas - City council
- Plano, Texas - City council
- San Antonio, Texas - Mayor and city council
- Tarrant County, Texas - County college board and water district
Utah
Note: Payson and Vineyard were not part of America's 100 largest cities by population. Ballotpedia covered their elections in 2019 due to their experimentation with ranked-choice voting.
- Payson, Utah - City council
- Vineyard, Utah - City council
Virginia
- Chesapeake, Virginia - Clerk of court and soil and water conservation director
- Richmond, Virginia - Circuit court clerk, city council, and commonwealth's attorney
- Virginia Beach, Virginia - Clerk of court and soil and water conservation director
Washington
- King County, Washington - County commissioners, county assessor, county elections director, county prosecutor, Port of Seattle Commission, water district commissioner, sewer district commissioner, and superior court judges
- Seattle, Washington - City council
Wisconsin
- Dane County, Wisconsin - Circuit court judge and county supervisor
- Madison, Wisconsin - Mayor and city council
- Milwaukee, Wisconsin - Municipal court, city council (special election)
- Milwaukee County, Wisconsin - Circuit court judges
By date
February 12
Primary election
General election
- Nashville, Tennessee (special election)
February 19
Primary election
February 26
General election
- Chicago, Illinois
- New York, New York (special election)
March 5
Primary election |
General election |
March 12
General election
- Phoenix, Arizona (special election runoff)
- Orange County, California (special election)
March 19
General election
- Atlanta, Georgia (special election)
- Jacksonville, Florida
- Nashville, Tennessee (special runoff election)
March 30
Primary election
- Baton Rouge, Louisiana (special election)
April 2
Primary election |
General election |
April 9
Primary election
April 13
General election
- Honolulu, Hawaii (special election)
April 16
General election
- Atlanta, Georgia (special election runoff)
April 23
General election
- Tampa, Florida (runoff election)
May 4
General election
- Baton Rouge, Louisiana (special election)
- Arlington, Texas
- Collin County, Texas
- Dallas, Texas
- El Paso County, Texas
- Fort Worth, Texas
- Garland, Texas
- Irving, Texas
- Plano, Texas
- San Antonio, Texas
- Tarrant County, Texas
May 7
Primary election
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General election
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May 14
General election
- Jacksonville, Florida (runoff election)
- New York, New York (special election)
May 21
Primary election |
General election
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June 4
Primary election
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General election
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June 8
General election
- Arlington, Texas (runoff election)
- Dallas, Texas (runoff election)
- Fort Worth, Texas (runoff election)
- Plano, Texas (runoff election)
- San Antonio, Texas (runoff election)
June 11
Primary election |
General election |
June 18
General election
June 25
Primary election
- Bronx County, New York
- Buffalo, New York
- Erie County, New York
- New York, New York
- Richmond County, New York
- Queens County, New York
July 16
Primary election
- Milwaukee, Wisconsin (special election)
August 1
General election
August 6
Primary election
August 13
General election
- Fresno, California (special election)
- Los Angeles, California (special election)
- Milwaukee, Wisconsin (special election)
August 27
Primary election
September 5
General election
- Nashville, Tennessee (runoff election)
September 10
Primary election
September 12
General election
- Nashville, Tennessee (special runoff election)
September 17
General election
- Fulton County, Georgia (special election)
September 24
Primary election
October 3
General election
October 8
Primary election
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General electionSpecial election |
October 12
Special election
October 15
General election
- Fulton County, Georgia (special runoff election)
November 5
Primary election
General election
Note: The Utah cities of Payson and Vineyard were not part of America's 100 largest cities by population. Ballotpedia covered their elections in 2019 due to their experimentation with ranked-choice voting.
Runoff election
November 16
Special election runoff (if necessary)
November 19
General election
- Hialeah, Florida
- Miami, Florida (runoff election)
December 3
General election
- Orlanda, Florida (runoff election)
December 10
General election
- Albuquerque, New Mexico (runoff election)
December 14
General election
- Houston, Texas (runoff election, canceled)
- Harris County, Texas (runoff election)
List of mayors of the 100 largest cities
To view a list of the current mayors of the top 100 U.S. cities by population, click here.
Historical election data
The 100 largest cities in the U.S. held an average of 28.8 mayoral elections and 48.8 city council elections each year between 2014 and 2018. Ballotpedia covers local elections in America’s 100 largest cities by population and in the counties that overlap those cities. This section includes statistics for mayoral elections, city council elections, and county elections between 2014 and 2018, comparing uncontested races, incumbents who sought re-election, and incumbents who were defeated in their re-election bids.
The following table details the total number of elections at the city and county level covered by Ballotpedia between 2014 and 2018, including the number of cities to hold mayoral and city council elections in a given year:
| Total municipal elections covered by Ballotpedia from 2014 to 2018 | ||||
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| Year | Cities | Mayor | City council | Counties |
Mayoral elections
Between 2014 and 2018, 66.7% of incumbent mayors sought re-election; of these, 16.7% were defeated in their bids for re-election. The first chart below shows the number of incumbents who sought election each year compared to the number of seats up for election. The second chart shows the number of incumbents who were defeated compared to the number of incumbents who ran for re-election.
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The table below is organized by year and includes the total number of mayoral races and the number and percentage of uncontested races, incumbents who sought re-election, and incumbents who were defeated in their re-election bids.
| Mayoral election incumbency statistics from 2014 to 2018 | |||||||
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| Year | Total seats | Uncontested | Incumbents who sought re-election |
Incumbents defeated | |||
| # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
City council elections
Between 2014 and 2018, 69.5% of city council incumbents sought re-election; of these, 12.8% were defeated in their bids for re-election. The first chart below shows the number of incumbents who sought election each year compared to the number of seats up for election. The second chart shows the number of incumbents who were defeated compared to the number of incumbents who ran for re-election.
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The table below is organized by year and includes the total number of city council races and the number and percentage of uncontested races, incumbents who sought re-election, and incumbents who were defeated in their re-election bids.
| City council election incumbency statistics from 2014 to 2018 | |||||||
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| Year | Total seats | Uncontested | Incumbents who sought re-election |
Incumbents defeated | |||
| # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
County elections
Ballotpedia covered 2,168 county and special district races across 78 large counties in 2018. Of these, 1,115 (51.4%) races were uncontested and 1,807 (83.3%) incumbents sought re-election. Of the incumbents who ran for re-election, 176 (9.7%) were defeated.
By comparison, 23 large counties held elections for county and special district officials in 2017. A total of 108 positions were up for election, and incumbents ran in 74 (68.5%) of those races. Nine incumbents (12.2%) lost their re-election bids, and 47 elections (43.5%) featured only one candidate.
Uncontested races
An average of 2.0 mayoral races and 50.4 city council races went uncontested between 2014 and 2018. In terms of mayoral elections, 2016 saw the highest number of uncontested races (four) and 2017 saw the fewest (zero). For city council seats, 2015 had the highest number of uncontested races (97) and 2018 had the fewest (29). The chart below shows the percentage of uncontested mayoral and city council races between 2014 and 2018.
Issues
The following issues featured prominently across a number of municipal elections Ballotpedia covered in 2019. Summaries of how the issues presented in select races are below.
Development
Development was an issue across several mayoral elections in 2019.
One of the major issues discussed during the mayoral election in Chicago, lllinois, was tax increment financing. The purpose of TIF programs is to fund development with increases in property tax revenue that arise from an increase in property values due to the development itself. Election winner Lori Lightfoot and candidate Toni Preckwinkle both criticized the way in which the program had been used, saying it was not focused on struggling neighborhoods as it should have been. Lightfoot proposed increasing performance analysis of TIF districts and increasing the standards for designating TIF districts. Preckwinkle supported giving the annual TIF surplus to Chicago Public Schools and "unwinding as many of those TIFs as we possibly can." Click here for more on the issue of development in Chicago's mayoral election.
In Dallas, Texas, mayoral election winner Eric Johnson and candidate Scott Griggs had different opinions of former Mayor Mike Rawlings' GrowSouth—an initiative aimed at increasing public and private investment in developing the southern portion of the city. Griggs said that the initiative did not address poverty in the city and that city and federal funds should be directed to Racially & Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty, as defined by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Johnson said that he agreed with the idea of adding to the tax base and generating more revenue in southern Dallas and that he would continue the initiative. He said he'd add a second phase of improving workforce readiness. Click here to learn more about the development debate in Dallas' mayoral race.
The mayoral election in Denver, Colorado, followed a decade of rapid population growth, increased housing costs, and large-scale development in the city. Incumbent Mayor Michael B. Hancock, who won the 2019 election, and challenger Jamie Giellis differed in their plans for the city. Hancock stood by his Denveright plan, which he said was based on community feedback and would allow the city to continue its growth rate through 2040. Giellis said that the mayor's plan did not emphasize transit enough and that she would increase neighborhood-level control over development. Click here for more on this debate in Denver's mayoral race.
Taxes
Taxes were another issue prominently featured across several municipal elections in 2019.
The city council elections in Seattle, Washington, took place a year and a half after the repeal of a head tax proposal, which would have required businesses grossing at least $20 million to pay $275 per employee in order to fund affordable housing programs for the homeless. The city council voted to pass the head tax 9-0 in May 2018 but then repealed it by a 7-2 vote in June 2018 after running into opposition from the city’s business community, including online retailer Amazon. Amazon contributed $1.5 million to a political action committee (PAC) that endorsed in all seven races, including challengers to two of the three incumbents who sought re-election. Candidates backed by the PAC won two races, and all three incumbents won re-election. Click here to learn more about the head tax issue in Seattle's city elections.
The mayoral election in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, saw debate around a 1.5-cent-per-ounce soda tax that went into effect in 2017. A December 2018 report issued by City Controller Rebecca Rhynhart (D) found that the tax had raised $137 million in revenue as of the end of the third quarter of 2018. Seventy-four percent of the funds raised had not been spent. The majority of the $36 million that had been spent ($31.7 million) was allocated towards pre-K programs. In March 2019, the Philadelphia City Council passed a bill calling for a study into the tax's impact. Incumbent James Kenney (D), who won re-election, supported the soda tax, saying the preschool programs it funded had been successful. Challenger William Ciancaglini (R) called for repealing the tax, saying it had a disproportionate impact on business owners. Click here for more on the soda tax debate in Philadelphia's mayoral election.
Affordable housing
Affordable housing was a topic of debate in several 2019 city elections.
In Chicago, Illinois, mayoral candidates proposed plans to increase affordable housing in the city. Election winner Lori Lightfoot and challenger Toni Preckwinkle both supported increasing the number of affordable housing units certain developers would be required to build as part of their residential projects within the city. The candidates split on whether the city should consider rent control, which was banned by the Illinois General Assembly in 1997. Lightfoot opposed rent control as an immediate focus, while Preckwinkle supported lifting the ban so municipalities could decide whether to enact rent control. Click here for more on the affordable housing debate in the Chicago mayoral election.
Mayoral candidates in Denver, Colorado, also discussed affordable housing. Election winner and incumbent Mayor Michael B. Hancock said his administration created Denver's first affordable housing fund and had spent more on the issue than the Colorado state government. Challenger Jamie Giellis said she would create a cabinet-level Office of Attainable Housing, seek to buy back existing affordable housing units, and spend $1 billion on attainable housing over the next decade. Both candidates opposed a proposal before the city council to implement rent control. Click here to learn more about this topic in Denver's mayoral election.
More local election analysis
In 2019, Ballotpedia covered elections for mayor, city council, and all other city officials in the 100 largest cities by population in the United States, as well as elections for county officials whose jurisdictions overlapped with those cities.
See also
Footnotes
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