Barbara Mikulski

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Barbara Mikulski
Image of Barbara Mikulski

Democratic Party

Prior offices
Baltimore City Council
U.S. House of Representatives
U.S. Senate Maryland
Successor: Chris Van Hollen

Compensation

Net worth

(2012) $454,508

Education

High school

Institute of Notre Dame

Bachelor's

Mount Saint Agnes College

Graduate

University of Maryland School of Social Work

Personal
Religion
Christian: Catholic
Profession
Social worker

Barbara Ann Mikulski (b. July 20, 1936, in Baltimore, MD) is a former Democratic member of the United States Senate representing Maryland. Mikulski served from 1987 to 2017.[1]

On March 2, 2015, Mikulski announced she would not seek re-election in 2016.[2]

Prior to her election in the Senate, Mikulski served as a member of the Baltimore city council.[1]

She previously was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1977 to 1987.[3]

Biography

Mikulski was born on July 20, 1936, in East Baltimore, MD. She earned her B.A. from Mt. Saint Agnes College (now a part of Loyola Maryland University) in 1958 and went on obtain her Master's from the University of Maryland School of Social Work in 1965. Mikulski worked as a social worker and college professor prior to her career in politics.[4]

Career

Below is an abbreviated version of Mikulski's political career:[4]

  • 1987-2017: U.S. Senator from Maryland
  • 1977-1987: U.S. House of Representatives
  • 1971-1976: Baltimore City Council

Committee assignments

U.S. Senate

2015-2016

Mikulski served on the following Senate committees:[5]

2013-2014

Mikulski served on the following Senate committees:[6][7]

  • Appropriations Committee
    • Subcommittee on Transportation and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
    • Subcommittee on Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on Legislative Branch
    • Subcommittee on Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on Department of Homeland
    • Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government Members
    • Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
    • Subcommittee on Department of Defense
    • Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies
    • Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies
  • Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee
    • Subcommittee on Primary Health and Aging
    • Subcommittee on Children and Families
  • Select Committee on Intelligence

2011-2012

Mikulski served on the following Senate committees:[8]

Key votes

114th Congress

CongressLogo.png

The first session of the 114th Congress enacted into law six out of the 2,616 introduced bills (0.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 1.3 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the first session. In the second session, the 114th Congress enacted 133 out of 3,159 introduced bills (4.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 7.0 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.[9][10] The Senate confirmed 18,117 out of 21,815 executive nominations received (83 percent). For more information pertaining to Mikulski's voting record in the 114th Congress, please see the below sections.[11]

Economic and fiscal

Trade Act of 2015
See also: The Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal, 2015

Nay3.png On May 22, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1314, which was used as a legislative vehicle for trade legislation with the titles "Trade Act of 2015" and the "Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015," by a vote of 62-37. The bill proposed giving the president trade promotion authority (TPA). TPA, also known as fast track authority, allows the president to negotiate trade deals that cannot be amended by Congress. Congress casts a simple up or down vote on a trade agreement, and the legislation only requires a simple majority for approval. The bill also included a statement of trade priorities and provisions for trade adjustment assistance. Mikulski voted with 30 other Democratic senators against the bill.[12][13]
Trade promotion authority
Nay3.png On June 24, 2015, by a vote of 60-38, the Senate approved trade promotion authority (TPA) as part of HR 2146 - Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act. Mikulski was one of 31 Democrats to vote against the bill. After, Senate Republican leadership honored a pledge to support trade adjustment assistance (TAA) by passing the measure as part of HR 1295 - Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015 by voice vote. The House passed HR 1295 the following day, on June 25, 2015, and both TPA and TAA were signed into law on June 29, 2015.[14][15][16]

2016 Budget proposal

Nay3.png On May 5, 2015, the Senate voted to approve SConRes11, a congressional budget proposal for fiscal year 2016, by a vote of 51-48. The non-binding resolution will be used to create 12 appropriations bills to fund the government before funding runs out on October 1, 2015. The vote marked the first time since 2009 that Congress approved a joint budget resolution. All 44 Democrats, including Mikulski, voted against the resolution.[17][18][19]

Defense spending authorization

Yea3.png On November 10, 2015, the Senate passed S 1356 - the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 by a vote of 91-3. The second version of the $607 billion national defense bill included "$5 billion in cuts to match what was approved in the budget" and language preventing the closure of the Guantanamo Bay military prison.[20][21] Mikulski voted with 41 Democrats, 48 Republicans and one independent in favor of the bill.[22] On November 5, 2015, the House passed the bill by a vote of 370-58, and President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 25, 2015.[23]

Nay3.png On June 18, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1735 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 by a vote of 71-25. The bill "authorizes FY2016 appropriations and sets forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It does not provide budget authority, which is provided in subsequent appropriations legislation." Mikulski voted with 21 Democrats, two Republicans and one Independent against the bill.[24] The House passed the bill on May 15, 2015.[25] President Barack Obama vetoed the bill on October 22, 2015.[26]

2015 budget

Yea3.png On October 30, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 by a vote of 64-35. The bill increased military and domestic spending levels and suspended the debt ceiling until March 2017.[27] Mikulski voted with 43 Democrats, 18 Republicans and two independents in favor of the bill.[28] It passed the House on October 28, 2015.[29] President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 2, 2015.

Foreign Affairs

Iran nuclear deal
See also: Iran nuclear agreement, 2015

Yea3.png On May 7, 2015, the Senate voted to approve HR 1191 - A bill to provide for congressional review and oversight of agreements relating to Iran's nuclear program, and for other purposes, by a vote of 98-1. The bill required President Barack Obama to submit the details of the nuclear deal with Iran for congressional review. Congress had 60 days to review the deal and vote to approve, disapprove or take no action on the deal. During the review period, sanctions on Iran could not be lifted. All 43 Democratic senators who voted, including Mikulski, approved the bill.[30][31]


Hire More Heroes Act of 2015
Nay3.png On September 10, 2015, the Senate voted to filibuster the measure to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal by a vote of 58-42.[32] Sixty votes were needed to proceed to HJ Res 61 - the Hire More Heroes Act of 2015, the legislative vehicle the Senate was expected to use to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal. Mikulski voted with 39 Democrats and two Independents against proceeding to the measure of disapproval.[33]


Hire More Heroes Act of 2015 follow up votes
Nay3.png On September 15, 2015, the Senate voted for a second time to filibuster the measure to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal by a vote of 56-42.[34] Sixty votes were needed to proceed to HJ Res 61 - the Hire More Heroes Act of 2015, the legislative vehicle the Senate was expected to use to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal. Mikulski voted with 39 Democrats and two Independents against proceeding to the measure of disapproval.[35] The legislation was voted on for a third time on September 17, and it failed for a third time by a vote of 56-42.[36]


Hire More Heroes Act of 2015 fourth vote
Nay3.png On September 17, 2015, the Senate voted to filibuster a vote on S.Amdt.2656 to S.Amdt.2640 by a vote of 53-45. The amendment proposed prohibiting "the President from waiving, suspending, reducing, providing relief from, or otherwise limiting the application of sanctions pursuant to an agreement related to the nuclear program of Iran."[37] Mikulski voted with 42 Democrats and two Independents against proceeding to the amendment.[38]

Domestic

USA FREEDOM Act of 2015

Yea3.png On June 2, 2015, the Senate passed HR 2048 - the Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015 or the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015 by a vote of 67-32. The legislation revised HR 3199 - the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 by terminating the bulk collection of metadata under Sec. 215 of the act, requiring increased reporting from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and requiring the use of "a specific selection term as the basis for national security letters that request information from wire or electronic communication service providers, financial institutions, or consumer reporting agencies." Mikulski voted with 42 Democrats, 23 Republicans and one Independent to approve the legislation. It became law on June 2, 2015.[39][40]

Cyber security

Yea3.png On October 27, 2015, the Senate passed S 754 - the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 by a vote of 74-21.[41] The bill proposed procedures that would allow federal agencies and private entities to share information about cyber threats. Mikulski voted with 29 Democrats, 43 Republicans and one independent in favor of the bill.[42]

Immigration

Nay3.png On October 20, 2015, the Senate voted against proceeding to a vote on S 2146 - the Stop Sanctuary Policies and Protect Americans Act by a vote of 54-45. The bill proposed withholding federal funding from "sanctuary jurisdictions" that violate the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 and other federal immigration laws. In addition, the bill proposed increasing "penalties for individuals who illegally reenter the United States after being removed" and providing "liability protection for State and local law enforcement who cooperate with Federal law enforcement."[43] Mikulski voted with 41 Democrats, one Republican and two Independents against proceeding to the bill.[44]

113th Congress

The second session of the 113th Congress enacted into law 224 out of the 3215 introduced bills (7 percent). Comparatively, the 112th Congress had 4.2 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.[45] The Senate confirmed 13,949 out of 18,323 executive nominations received (76.1 percent). For more information pertaining to Mikulski's voting record in the 113th Congress, please see the below sections.[46]

National security

John Brennan CIA nomination

Yea3.png Mikulski voted for the confirmation of John Brennan as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. The nomination was confirmed by the Senate on March 7, 2013, with a vote of 63 - 34. Most Democrats supported the nomination, while Republicans were somewhat divided with roughly one-third supporting the nomination.[47]

Economy

Farm bill

Yea3.png On February 4, 2014, the Democratic controlled Senate approved the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013, H.R. 2642, also known as the Farm Bill.[48] It passed the Senate with a vote of 68-32. The nearly 1,000-page bill reformed and continued various programs of the Department of Agriculture through 2018. The $1 trillion bill expanded crop insurance for farmers by $7 billion over the next decade and created new subsidies for rice and peanut growers that will kick in if or when prices drop; however, cuts to the food stamp program cut an average of $90 per month for 1.7 million people in 15 states.[49] Mikulski joined with 46 other Democratic senators in favor of the bill.

2014 Budget

Yea3.png On January 16, 2014, the Democratic-controlled Senate approved H.R. 3547, a $1.1 trillion spending bill to fund the government through September 30, 2014.[50][51] The Senate voted 72-26 for the 1,582 page bill, with 17 Republicans and 55 Democrats voting in favor of the bill.[51] The omnibus package included 12 annual spending bills to fund federal operations.[52] It included a 1 percent increase in the paychecks of federal workers and military personnel, a $1 billion increase in Head Start funding for early childhood education, reduced funding to the Internal Revenue Service and the Environmental Protection Agency and left the Affordable Care Act without any drastic cuts. Mikulski voted with the Democratic Party in favor of the bill.[50][51]

Government shutdown

See also: United States budget debate, 2013

Yea3.png During the shutdown in October 2013, the Senate rejected, down party lines, every House-originated bill that stripped the budget of funding for the Affordable Care Act. A deal was reached late on October 16, 2013, just hours before the debt ceiling deadline. The bill to reopen the government, H.R. 2775, lifted the $16.7 trillion debt limit and funded the government through January 15, 2014. Federal employees also received retroactive pay for the shutdown period. The only concession made by Senate Democrats was to require income verification for Obamacare subsidies.[53] The final vote on H.R. 2775 was 81-18, with all 18 votes against the bill from Republican members. Mikulski voted with the Democratic Party for the bill.[54]

No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013

Yea3.png Mikulski voted for H.R.325 -- No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013. The bill passed the Senate on January 31, 2013, with a vote of 64 - 34. The purpose of the bill was to temporarily suspend the debt ceiling and withhold the pay of members of Congress until a budget could be passed. The vote largely followed party lines with Democrats overwhelmingly supporting it and many Republicans in opposition to the bill.[47]

Immigration

Mexico-U.S. border

Neutral/Abstain Mikulski did not vote on Senate Amendment 1197 -- Requires the Completion of the Fence Along the United States-Mexico Border. The amendment was rejected by the Senate on June 18, 2013, with a vote of 39 - 54. The purpose of the amendment was to require the completion of 350 miles of fence described in the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 before registered provisional immigrant status may be granted. It would also require 700 miles of fence be completed before the status of registered provisional immigrants may be changed to permanent resident status. The vote followed party lines.[47]

Social issues

Violence Against Women (2013)

Yea3.png Mikulski voted for S.47 -- Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013. The bill was passed by the Senate on February 12, 2013, with a vote of 78 - 22. The purpose of the bill was to combat violence against women, from domestic violence to international trafficking in persons. All 22 dissenting votes were cast by Republicans.[47]

Previous congressional sessions

Fiscal Cliff

Yea3.png Mikulski voted for the fiscal cliff compromise bill, which made permanent most of the Bush tax cuts originally passed in 2001 and 2003 while also raising tax rates on the highest income levels. The bill was passed in the Senate by an 89 - 8 vote on January 1, 2013.[55]


Issues

Presidential preference

2016 presidential endorsement

✓ Mikulski endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic primary in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[56]

See also: Endorsements for Hillary Clinton

Elections

2016

See also: United States Senate election in Maryland, 2016

Mikulski announced she would not seek re-election in 2016.

2010

On November 2, 2010, Barbara Mikulski (D) won re-election to the United States Senate. She defeated Eric Wargotz (R), Richard Shawver (Constitution), Kenniss Henry (Green), Claud L. Ashbury (Write-in, R), Donald Kaplan (Write-in), James T. Lynch, Jr. (Write-in, D), Lih Young (Write-in), Denise L. Whittington (Write-in), Robert J. Evans (Write-in) and Mary Catherine Podlesak (Write-in, R) in the general election.[57]

U.S. Senate, Maryland General Election, 2010
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngBarbara Mikulski incumbent 62.2% 1,140,531
     Republican Eric Wargotz 35.8% 655,666
     Constitution Richard Shawver 0.8% 14,746
     Green Kenniss Henry 1.1% 20,717
     N/A Write-in 0.1% 1,644
     Write-in Republican Claud L. Ashbury 0% 204
     N/A Donald Kaplan 0% 110
     Write-in Democratic James T. Lynch, Jr. 0% 84
     N/A Lih Young 0% 80
     N/A Denise L. Whittington 0% 56
     N/A Robert J. Evans 0% 14
     Write-in Republican Mary Catherine Podlesak 0% 6
Total Votes 1,833,858

Full history


Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Barbara Mikulski campaign contribution history
YearOfficeStatusContributionsExpenditures
2010U.S. SenateWon $5,508,300 N/A**
2004U.S. SenateWon $6,431,523 N/A**
Grand total$11,939,823 N/A**
Sources: OpenSecrets,  Federal Elections Commission ***This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only availabale data.

Personal Gain Index

Congressional Personal Gain Index graphic.png
See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Change in net worth

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives
Net Worth Metric graphic.png

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Mikulski's net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $227,016 and $682,000. That averages to $454,508, which is lower than the average net worth of Democratic senators in 2012 of $13,566,333. Mikulski ranked as the 85th most wealthy senator in 2012.[62] Between 2004 and 2012, Mikulski's calculated net worth[63] decreased by an average of 1 percent per year. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.[64]

Barbara Mikulski Yearly Net Worth
YearAverage Net Worth
2004$509,274
2012$454,508
Growth from 2004 to 2012:−11%
Average annual growth:−1%[65]
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.[66]

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). In the 113th Congress, Mikulski was the Chair of the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations. Mikulski received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Lawyers/Law Firms industry.

From 1989-2014, 16.52 percent of Mikulski's career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.[67]

Donation Concentration Metric graphic.png
Barbara Mikulski Campaign Contributions
Total Raised $19,702,196
Total Spent $19,128,364
Chair of the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Lawyers/Law Firms$922,399
Lobbyists$630,113
Real Estate$624,545
Health Professionals$554,155
Pro-Israel$523,509
% total in top industry4.68%
% total in top two industries7.88%
% total in top five industries16.52%

Analysis

Ideology and leadership

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Mikulski was a rank-and-file Democrat as of July 22, 2014. This was the same rating Mikulski received in June 2013.[68]

Like-minded colleagues

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.[69]

Mikulski most often voted with:

Mikulski least often voted with:


Lifetime voting record

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Barbara Mikulski missed 339 of 9,632 roll call votes from January 1987 to September 2015. This amounts to 3.5 percent, which is worse than the median of 1.6 percent among current senators as of September 2015.[70]

Congressional staff salaries

See also: Staff salaries of United States Senators and Representatives

The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Mikulski paid her congressional staff a total of $2,546,660 in 2011. She ranked 16th on the list of the lowest paid Democratic senatorial staff salaries and ranked 47th overall of the lowest paid senatorial staff salaries in 2011. Overall, Maryland ranked 33rd in average salary for senatorial staff. The average U.S. Senate congressional staff was paid $2,529,141.70 in fiscal year 2011.[71]

National Journal vote ratings

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year, National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted, as compared to other members, in the previous year. More information about the analysis process can be found on the vote ratings page.

2013

Mikulski ranked 5th in the liberal rankings in 2013.[72]

2012

Mikulski ranked 5th in the liberal rankings in 2012.[73]

2011

Mikulski ranked 5th in the liberal rankings in 2011.[74]

Voting with party

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014

Mikulski voted with the Democratic Party 98.7 percent of the time, which ranked 3rd among the 53 Senate Democratic members as of July 2014.[75]

2016 Democratic National Convention

Personal

Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.
Mikulski is unmarried and lives in Baltimore, MD.[85] On March 17, 2012, she became the longest serving woman in the history of the United States Congress.[85]

Recent news

This section links to a Google news search for the term Barbara + Mikulski + Maryland + Senate


Barbara Mikulski News Feed

See also

External links


Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bioguide U.S. Senate, "Barbara Mikulski," accessed August 13, 2013
  2. ↑ USA Today, "Reports: Longtime Sen. Barbara Mikulski to retire," March 2, 2015
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named bg
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Biographical Guide to Members of Congress, "Barbara Mikulski," accessed October 25, 2011
  5. ↑ United States Senate, "Committee Assignments," accessed February 4, 2015
  6. ↑ Congressional Quarterly, "Senate Committee List," accessed January 18, 2013
  7. ↑ United States Senate, "Committee Assignments," accessed March 29, 2014
  8. ↑ Official Senate Website, "Committee Assignments," accessed October 25, 2011
  9. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015
  10. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017
  11. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015
  12. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314," accessed May 25, 2015
  13. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 1314 (Ensuring Tax Exempt Organizations the Right to Appeal Act)," accessed May 25, 2015
  14. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call for HR 2146," June 24, 2015
  15. ↑ The Hill, "Senate approves fast-track, sending trade bill to White House," June 24, 2015
  16. ↑ The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015
  17. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015
  18. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany S. Con. Res. 11)," accessed May 5, 2015
  19. ↑ The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015
  20. ↑ The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015
  21. ↑ Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015
  22. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015
  23. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015
  24. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 1735)," accessed October 6, 2015
  25. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015
  26. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015
  27. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015
  28. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015
  29. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015
  30. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1191," accessed May 8, 2015
  31. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 1191," accessed May 8, 2015
  32. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2640 )," accessed September 10, 2015
  33. ↑ Congress.gov, "HJ Res 61," accessed September 10, 2015
  34. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2640 )," accessed September 16, 2015
  35. ↑ Congress.gov, "HJ Res 61," accessed September 10, 2015
  36. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2640 )," accessed September 17, 2015
  37. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.2656 to S.Amdt.2640," accessed September 17, 2015
  38. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2656)," accessed September 17, 2015
  39. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015
  40. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2048)," accessed June 2, 2015
  41. ↑ Congress.gov, "S 754," accessed November 1, 2015
  42. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 754, As Amended)," accessed November 1, 2015
  43. ↑ Congress.gov, "S 2146," accessed November 2, 2015
  44. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to S. 2146)," accessed November 2, 2015
  45. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013
  46. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 Project Vote Smart, "Barbara Mikulski Key Votes," accessed October 17, 2013
  48. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 2642 (Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013)," accessed February 12, 2014
  49. ↑ NY Times, "Senate Passes Long-Stalled Farm Bill, With Clear Winners and Losers," accessed February 12, 2014
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Politico, "Senate approves $1.1 trillion spending bill," accessed January 20, 2014
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 U.S. Senate, "January 16 Vote," accessed January 20, 2014
  52. ↑ Roll Call, "House Passes $1.1 Trillion Omnibus," accessed January 20, 2014
  53. ↑ The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013
  54. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 2775 As Amended," accessed October 31, 2013
  55. ↑ U.S. Senate, "Roll Call Vote on the Fiscal Cliff," accessed January 4, 2013
  56. ↑ Baltimore Sun, "Hillary Clinton unveils more than 70 Md. endorsements," November 17, 2015
  57. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
  58. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013
  59. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998," accessed March 28, 2013
  60. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1992," accessed March 28, 2013
  61. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 1986," accessed March 28, 2013
  62. ↑ OpenSecrets, "Mikulski, (D-MD), 2012," accessed February 18, 2014
  63. ↑ This figure represents the average annual percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or their first year in office (as noted in the chart below) to 2012, divided by the number of years calculated.
  64. ↑ This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.
  65. ↑ This figure represents the total percentage growth divided by the number of years for which there are net worth figures for each member.
  66. ↑ This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.
  67. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Sen. Barbara A. Mikulski," accessed September 18, 2014
  68. ↑ GovTrack, "Barbara Mikulski," accessed July 22, 2014
  69. ↑ OpenCongress, "Sen. Barbara Mikulski," accessed September 23, 2015
  70. ↑ GovTrack, "Sen. Barbara Mikulski," accessed September 23, 2015
  71. ↑ LegiStorm, "Barbara Mikulski," accessed 2012
  72. ↑ National Journal, "2013 Senate Vote Ratings," accessed July 22, 2014
  73. ↑ National Journal, "TABLE: House Liberal Scores by Issue Area," accessed February 26, 2013
  74. ↑ National Journal, "Searchable Vote Ratings Tables: House," accessed February 23, 2012
  75. ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
  76. ↑ Ballotpedia's list of superdelegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention is based on our own research and lists provided by the Democratic National Committee to Vox.com in February 2016 and May 2016. If you think we made an error in identifying superdelegates, please send an email to editor@ballotpedia.org.
  77. ↑ Five Thirty Eight, “The Endorsement Primary,” June 7, 2016
  78. ↑ To find out which candidate a superdelegate supported, Ballotpedia sought out public statements from the superdelegate in other media outlets and on social media. If we were unable to find a public statement that clearly articulated which candidate the superdelegate supported at the national convention, we listed that superdelegate as "unknown." If you believe we made an error in identifying which candidate a superdelegate supported, please email us at editor@ballotpedia.org.
  79. ↑ Congressional Research Service, "The Presidential Nominating Process and the National Party Conventions, 2016: Frequently Asked Questions," December 30, 2015
  80. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NYT
  81. ↑ CNN, "Maryland Exit Polls," April 26, 2016
  82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 Democratic National Committee, "2016 Democratic National Convention Delegate/Alternate Allocation," updated February 19, 2016
  83. ↑ The Green Papers, "2016 Democratic Convention," accessed May 7, 2021
  84. ↑ Democratic National Committee's Office of Party Affairs and Delegate Selection, "Unpledged Delegates -- By State," May 27, 2016
  85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 Official Website, "Biography," accessed October 25, 2011
Political offices
Preceded by
Charles Mathias, Jr. 		U.S. Senate - Maryland
1987-2017 		Succeeded by
Chris Van Hollen
Preceded by
' 		U.S. House - Maryland
1977-1987 		Succeeded by
'


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