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Anxiety Therapists in Oakland, CA

Photo of undefined - Silver Lake Psychology, PsyD, Psychologist
Silver Lake Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612
Relationship and sexual concerns, couples therapy, anxiety, addiction, trauma, eating disorders, stress management, insomnia, women's issues, creativity, LGBTQ- welcome.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
Relationship and sexual concerns, couples therapy, anxiety, addiction, trauma, eating disorders, stress management, insomnia, women's issues, creativity, LGBTQ- welcome.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
(415) 484-0997 View (415) 484-0997
Photo of Holly Frances, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Holly Frances
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Anxiety can be so overwhelming and persistent that it feels like it's taking over. Sadness, grief, and depression may feel so heavy and unmanageable that the simple but vital parts of life such as sleeping, eating, and work are difficult or complicated. Your pain might be related to a recent stressful event like heartbreak or the death of someone close to you, or maybe it is less acute but feels endless. Perhaps there is an atmosphere of dread, loneliness, fear, and frustration. Relationships become conflict- ridden or devoid of real feeling. There is a sense that you're doing it wrong or always making the same mistakes.
Anxiety can be so overwhelming and persistent that it feels like it's taking over. Sadness, grief, and depression may feel so heavy and unmanageable that the simple but vital parts of life such as sleeping, eating, and work are difficult or complicated. Your pain might be related to a recent stressful event like heartbreak or the death of someone close to you, or maybe it is less acute but feels endless. Perhaps there is an atmosphere of dread, loneliness, fear, and frustration. Relationships become conflict- ridden or devoid of real feeling. There is a sense that you're doing it wrong or always making the same mistakes.
(628) 877-8483 View (628) 877-8483
Photo of Teri Smith, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Teri Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
Mindfulness, EMDR, and teaching tools to reduce anxiety and depression are some of the practices I use to help alleviate symptoms that may be blocking the joy and pleasure that comes with life.
I believe that our experiences in life are reflected in our behaviors, shape our thoughts, are held in our bodies, and trigger our emotions often outside of our consciousness. Increasing awareness at all levels allows us to have access to more choices in our lives. I see the goal of psychotherapy is to help people find a place in them where it feels safe, loving, and truthful, accessing their authentic selves. To facilitate this process, I explore with clients their thoughts and belief systems, behaviors, feelings, and physical sensations, helping to connect and integrate the mind, body and spirit.
Mindfulness, EMDR, and teaching tools to reduce anxiety and depression are some of the practices I use to help alleviate symptoms that may be blocking the joy and pleasure that comes with life.
I believe that our experiences in life are reflected in our behaviors, shape our thoughts, are held in our bodies, and trigger our emotions often outside of our consciousness. Increasing awareness at all levels allows us to have access to more choices in our lives. I see the goal of psychotherapy is to help people find a place in them where it feels safe, loving, and truthful, accessing their authentic selves. To facilitate this process, I explore with clients their thoughts and belief systems, behaviors, feelings, and physical sensations, helping to connect and integrate the mind, body and spirit.
(510) 592-4991 View (510) 592-4991
Photo of Kaitlin Kimmel, MS, CRC, APCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kaitlin Kimmel
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, CRC, APCC
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
With warmth, curiosity and practicality, I will partner with you in our sessions to discover what healing and change look like for you. Whether you'd like to learn how to better manage anxiety, move through a big transition with more ease, recover from a traumatic event, need help navigating the loss or death of a loved one, or want more support with adjusting to a new or ongoing disability or medical condition, you don't have to do this alone. Together, we can figure out the stuck places, help you identify your goals, and equip you with the tools to chart your path forward.
With warmth, curiosity and practicality, I will partner with you in our sessions to discover what healing and change look like for you. Whether you'd like to learn how to better manage anxiety, move through a big transition with more ease, recover from a traumatic event, need help navigating the loss or death of a loved one, or want more support with adjusting to a new or ongoing disability or medical condition, you don't have to do this alone. Together, we can figure out the stuck places, help you identify your goals, and equip you with the tools to chart your path forward.
(628) 500-9037 View (628) 500-9037
Photo of Rachel D Steinberg, PsyD, Psychologist
Rachel D Steinberg
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over 16 years of experience providing services to adolescents and adults. My approach is interactive, attentive, flexible, and warm. I work with clients with a wide variety of issues, some of the most common being depression, anxiety/stress, burnout, relationship issues, grief, low self-esteem, family of origin difficulties and life transitions. I am neurodivergent and LGBTQIA+ affirming and strive to create a safe space for you to be heard.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over 16 years of experience providing services to adolescents and adults. My approach is interactive, attentive, flexible, and warm. I work with clients with a wide variety of issues, some of the most common being depression, anxiety/stress, burnout, relationship issues, grief, low self-esteem, family of origin difficulties and life transitions. I am neurodivergent and LGBTQIA+ affirming and strive to create a safe space for you to be heard.
(510) 650-0502 View (510) 650-0502
Photo of Shideh Shahvarian, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shideh Shahvarian
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
My approach to therapy is warm, companionate, and empathetic. My philosophy is that everyone can become the happy, effective person they desire. Finding and using new skills to access happiness is critical. I use Motivational Interviewing to help my clients gain the motivation they need to change the behaviors that are preventing them from making healthier personal or professional decisions. My training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approaches also helps me address the depression and anxiety that we all experience on our journey through life.
My approach to therapy is warm, companionate, and empathetic. My philosophy is that everyone can become the happy, effective person they desire. Finding and using new skills to access happiness is critical. I use Motivational Interviewing to help my clients gain the motivation they need to change the behaviors that are preventing them from making healthier personal or professional decisions. My training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approaches also helps me address the depression and anxiety that we all experience on our journey through life.
(510) 439-9695 View (510) 439-9695
Photo of L Rebecca Connell, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
L Rebecca Connell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
INDIVIDUALS (couples below): Energy Psychology is a group of self-calming practices involving breathing and touching one’s own face and body. Scientific studies and clinical experience are confirming that Energy Psychology can help with anxiety, relationships, and trauma. You will learn practices to calm down during a conflict, sleep better, or let go of things that bother you. These practices help you by enhancing nervous system regulation, changing the way your brain stores upsetting memories, and bringing in more happiness and focus. You'll learn practices to use at home, in moments of stress or to start your day on a good note
INDIVIDUALS (couples below): Energy Psychology is a group of self-calming practices involving breathing and touching one’s own face and body. Scientific studies and clinical experience are confirming that Energy Psychology can help with anxiety, relationships, and trauma. You will learn practices to calm down during a conflict, sleep better, or let go of things that bother you. These practices help you by enhancing nervous system regulation, changing the way your brain stores upsetting memories, and bringing in more happiness and focus. You'll learn practices to use at home, in moments of stress or to start your day on a good note
(510) 594-8224 View (510) 594-8224
Photo of undefined - John Roedel Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
John Roedel Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Do you want greater freedom from the impact of trauma, depression, anxiety, substance use or relationship issues, so that you can start to live the connected and vibrant life you've envisioned for yourself? Have you tried plain talk therapy without much success? Many patients have experienced significant improvement from ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) after just a short course of treatment. I offer sliding-scale KAP in my practice, in partnership with Journey Clinical—an organization that has a specialized medical team that determines eligibility for KAP, prescribes the ketamine, and monitors outcomes.
Do you want greater freedom from the impact of trauma, depression, anxiety, substance use or relationship issues, so that you can start to live the connected and vibrant life you've envisioned for yourself? Have you tried plain talk therapy without much success? Many patients have experienced significant improvement from ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) after just a short course of treatment. I offer sliding-scale KAP in my practice, in partnership with Journey Clinical—an organization that has a specialized medical team that determines eligibility for KAP, prescribes the ketamine, and monitors outcomes.
(513) 400-5460 View (513) 400-5460
Photo of Emma Neumann, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Emma Neumann
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
People often come to therapy because they feel stuck in their lives, are experiencing anxiety or depression and are struggling with personal and professional relationships. My style is warm, supportive and engaged. I believe that the more access we have to our authentic selves, the more we can live a life that is deeply fulfilling. We will work collaboratively to develop a relationship in which there is room to take risks and experience aspects of yourself that may have been previously unknown to you. You will gain valuable tools to help you reach your goals personally, creatively, and professionally.
People often come to therapy because they feel stuck in their lives, are experiencing anxiety or depression and are struggling with personal and professional relationships. My style is warm, supportive and engaged. I believe that the more access we have to our authentic selves, the more we can live a life that is deeply fulfilling. We will work collaboratively to develop a relationship in which there is room to take risks and experience aspects of yourself that may have been previously unknown to you. You will gain valuable tools to help you reach your goals personally, creatively, and professionally.
(510) 900-5385 View (510) 900-5385
Photo of Michael Rochette, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Michael Rochette
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
I have a lifelong commitment to exploring our interconnections with our selves, our families, our significant others, our coworkers/neighbors, and our natural world. I see many of our personal challenges, which tend to manifest as anxiety and depression, correspond with disconnected patterns that leave us stuck, emotionally, cognitively, somatically, and spiritually. As a California registered associate marriage and family therapist, I work with clients to heal existing interconnections and cultivate new ways of being in connection.
I have a lifelong commitment to exploring our interconnections with our selves, our families, our significant others, our coworkers/neighbors, and our natural world. I see many of our personal challenges, which tend to manifest as anxiety and depression, correspond with disconnected patterns that leave us stuck, emotionally, cognitively, somatically, and spiritually. As a California registered associate marriage and family therapist, I work with clients to heal existing interconnections and cultivate new ways of being in connection.
(510) 298-3372 View (510) 298-3372
Photo of Anna Kelleher, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anna Kelleher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612
I work to help clients rediscover their strengths and zest for life as they navigate common challenges including depression, anxiety, and compulsive behaviors.
My name is Anna Kelleher and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Oakland, California and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I am also a Certified Iyengar Yoga Teacher (ID 2133). I work with adults 50+ and specialize in grief, parenting, and life transitions, using mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral and strength-based therapies to help my clients live in alignment with their goals and values. I have found my style is a good fit for adults who are facing life transitions and loss. This often takes the form of questioning how to cope, exploring identity, and a desire for new meaning and purpose.
I work to help clients rediscover their strengths and zest for life as they navigate common challenges including depression, anxiety, and compulsive behaviors.
My name is Anna Kelleher and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Oakland, California and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I am also a Certified Iyengar Yoga Teacher (ID 2133). I work with adults 50+ and specialize in grief, parenting, and life transitions, using mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral and strength-based therapies to help my clients live in alignment with their goals and values. I have found my style is a good fit for adults who are facing life transitions and loss. This often takes the form of questioning how to cope, exploring identity, and a desire for new meaning and purpose.
(951) 724-3712 View (951) 724-3712
Photo of Elke Ullmer-Strempke, MFT, MA, BFA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elke Ullmer-Strempke
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MA, BFA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
This can include difficult family or relational dynamics, paralyzing anxiety and/or depression, and professional challenges like imposter syndrome.
Do you find yourself stuck in stifling patterns? I offer facilitated inward journeys to increase personal agency, liveliness, and fulfillment. I offer sensitive, open-hearted, humorous, and real contact as you navigate all the inner and outer hardships of being human. I enjoy working with folks from all backgrounds, races, sexual orientations, gender identities, and abilities. Together, we will help you find a way forward that feels in alignment with your highest well-being.
This can include difficult family or relational dynamics, paralyzing anxiety and/or depression, and professional challenges like imposter syndrome.
Do you find yourself stuck in stifling patterns? I offer facilitated inward journeys to increase personal agency, liveliness, and fulfillment. I offer sensitive, open-hearted, humorous, and real contact as you navigate all the inner and outer hardships of being human. I enjoy working with folks from all backgrounds, races, sexual orientations, gender identities, and abilities. Together, we will help you find a way forward that feels in alignment with your highest well-being.
(415) 802-0804 View (415) 802-0804
Photo of Maggie Novotny, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maggie Novotny
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94619  (Online Only)
Hello! Thank you for visiting! I’m Maggie. Are you struggling with negative or anxious thoughts, feeling “stuck” in your life, or having difficulty keeping up with the day-to-day without it impacting your sleep, relationships, and self-esteem? Are you frustrated, irritable, feeling unheard and struggling to cope?
Hello! Thank you for visiting! I’m Maggie. Are you struggling with negative or anxious thoughts, feeling “stuck” in your life, or having difficulty keeping up with the day-to-day without it impacting your sleep, relationships, and self-esteem? Are you frustrated, irritable, feeling unheard and struggling to cope?
(925) 526-7487 View (925) 526-7487
Photo of Alek Jeziorek, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Alek Jeziorek
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
As a relational psychodynamic and Gestalt therapist, I work with adults and couples on issues like but not limited to childhood trauma and neglect, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, relationship problems, life transitions, and more.
I understand therapy to be a healing process rooted in our relationship; a therapeutic relationship built on authenticity, curiosity, empathy, deep attunement, and one without judgment. My initial goal is to help you become fully aware of your distress and understand it, and work with you to relieve it in the process. I believe that you have the innate ability to heal yourself and your relationships. So in the long-term, my goal is to help you access this innate ability.
As a relational psychodynamic and Gestalt therapist, I work with adults and couples on issues like but not limited to childhood trauma and neglect, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, relationship problems, life transitions, and more.
I understand therapy to be a healing process rooted in our relationship; a therapeutic relationship built on authenticity, curiosity, empathy, deep attunement, and one without judgment. My initial goal is to help you become fully aware of your distress and understand it, and work with you to relieve it in the process. I believe that you have the innate ability to heal yourself and your relationships. So in the long-term, my goal is to help you access this innate ability.
(510) 871-8251 View (510) 871-8251
Photo of Terri J Brenneman, PhD, Psychologist
Terri J Brenneman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Clinical Psychologist providing mindfulness based psychotherapy for adults and late adolescents, specializing in stress reduction, ADHD, weight/health management, life transitions, anxiety, infertility, and premarital counseling. Also, conduct psychological assessments for bariatric surgery candidates, ADHD (adult and child), adoption, and clergy
Clinical Psychologist providing mindfulness based psychotherapy for adults and late adolescents, specializing in stress reduction, ADHD, weight/health management, life transitions, anxiety, infertility, and premarital counseling. Also, conduct psychological assessments for bariatric surgery candidates, ADHD (adult and child), adoption, and clergy
(510) 573-7350 View (510) 573-7350
Photo of Cheryl Feldman, PhD, LMFT, ATR-BC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cheryl Feldman
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Children and teens are more aware of their own internal states and the world around them than ever before, while the family unit takes on more stress. This combination can create anxiety, depression, acting out behaviors, confusion, and educational struggles for many. Through a strength-based perspective I focus on communication, relationships, boundaries, and self-care. I work with youth (and families) to explore their patterns of interactions with others and encourage self-awareness and growth in these areas. Developing a relationship with a child or teen takes time and care, both of which I have done for nearly twenty years.
Children and teens are more aware of their own internal states and the world around them than ever before, while the family unit takes on more stress. This combination can create anxiety, depression, acting out behaviors, confusion, and educational struggles for many. Through a strength-based perspective I focus on communication, relationships, boundaries, and self-care. I work with youth (and families) to explore their patterns of interactions with others and encourage self-awareness and growth in these areas. Developing a relationship with a child or teen takes time and care, both of which I have done for nearly twenty years.
(510) 256-7864 View (510) 256-7864
Photo of Angelina Nader, MA, ATR, Art Therapist
Angelina Nader
Art Therapist, MA, ATR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Have you recently experienced a traumatic loss and are feeling lost and overwhelmed with grief? Are you in the midst of a major life transition with your career or relationship? Perhaps you are an artist experiencing a creative block? Art Therapy may be the answer for your or your teen. As an Art Therapist, I specialize in guiding clients through grief and loss, life transitions, trauma, anxiety, depression, ADHD, and blocks in creativity and self exploration. I help my clients to harness the power of creativity to deepen emotional exploration and uncover feelings that may be challenging to otherwise articulate with words.
Have you recently experienced a traumatic loss and are feeling lost and overwhelmed with grief? Are you in the midst of a major life transition with your career or relationship? Perhaps you are an artist experiencing a creative block? Art Therapy may be the answer for your or your teen. As an Art Therapist, I specialize in guiding clients through grief and loss, life transitions, trauma, anxiety, depression, ADHD, and blocks in creativity and self exploration. I help my clients to harness the power of creativity to deepen emotional exploration and uncover feelings that may be challenging to otherwise articulate with words.
(510) 544-3656 View (510) 544-3656
Photo of Eugenie A Hsu, PhD, Psychologist
Eugenie A Hsu
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Traumatic experiences, whether single incident or complex, can lead to relationship problems, shame, low self-esteem, problems trusting others, feeling unsafe, unhealthy relationship dynamics, maladaptive coping, anxiety, panic attacks, depression, and reactivity to trauma triggers (startle response, emotional numbing, intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, hypervigilance, dissociation, etc.). I treat clients whose problems have originated from traumatic experiences to help them heal from the past and to live a full life in the present.
Traumatic experiences, whether single incident or complex, can lead to relationship problems, shame, low self-esteem, problems trusting others, feeling unsafe, unhealthy relationship dynamics, maladaptive coping, anxiety, panic attacks, depression, and reactivity to trauma triggers (startle response, emotional numbing, intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, hypervigilance, dissociation, etc.). I treat clients whose problems have originated from traumatic experiences to help them heal from the past and to live a full life in the present.
(510) 256-7763 View (510) 256-7763
Photo of Kelly Johnson, PsyD, Psychologist
Kelly Johnson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
I work with adults who are seeking therapy for help recovering from trauma, struggling with feelings of depression or anxiety, experiencing difficulty with a new life transition, need help working through difficult relationship dynamics, or are seeking insight into early life experiences.
Therapy is a journey that has the power to heal and to help you become your most true self. My approach emphasizes the importance of the therapeutic relationship, which I believe is the primary mechanism for change. I believe we may work well together if you are interested in a relational experience and value an approach that focuses on connecting with and understanding emotional experiences. I work collaboratively with my clients to identify old patterns of relating to others that are no longer serving them and move towards new and healthier ways of being.
I work with adults who are seeking therapy for help recovering from trauma, struggling with feelings of depression or anxiety, experiencing difficulty with a new life transition, need help working through difficult relationship dynamics, or are seeking insight into early life experiences.
Therapy is a journey that has the power to heal and to help you become your most true self. My approach emphasizes the importance of the therapeutic relationship, which I believe is the primary mechanism for change. I believe we may work well together if you are interested in a relational experience and value an approach that focuses on connecting with and understanding emotional experiences. I work collaboratively with my clients to identify old patterns of relating to others that are no longer serving them and move towards new and healthier ways of being.
(415) 965-3406 View (415) 965-3406
Photo of undefined - Bay Area Dating Coach, LMFT, RDT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Bay Area Dating Coach
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, RDT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Dating can be scary. Because when you’re looking for real love (not just a fling), dating matters, and that can make it stressful. Add to that being an introvert and struggling with anxiety, and it can feel like a lonely battle! Thankfully, you don’t need to go through this alone. At Bay Area Dating Coach, our team of experienced, caring therapists want to support you and help you find your Person. We're here to help you discover what’s holding you back in dating and get the tools you need to find love. We’ll guide & support you in your journey to understand yourself and find the loving relationship you’re dreaming about.
Dating can be scary. Because when you’re looking for real love (not just a fling), dating matters, and that can make it stressful. Add to that being an introvert and struggling with anxiety, and it can feel like a lonely battle! Thankfully, you don’t need to go through this alone. At Bay Area Dating Coach, our team of experienced, caring therapists want to support you and help you find your Person. We're here to help you discover what’s holding you back in dating and get the tools you need to find love. We’ll guide & support you in your journey to understand yourself and find the loving relationship you’re dreaming about.
(415) 650-1844 View (415) 650-1844
Anxiety Therapists

What are the most common treatments for anxiety?

Talk therapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy, is the most common treatment for anxiety. Studies have shown it is equally effective as medication. Other popular forms of therapy are popular, depending on a patient’s experience. Exposure therapy, for instance, can be useful for people dealing with fears and phobias, or who have experienced traumatic events. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy may be useful for patients who need help with emotion regulation. Anxiolytic medications, like benzodiazepines, can also help with calming a person enough to focus on the skills they’ve learned, and physical exercise has been shown to help symptoms of anxiety across the board.

How long does therapy for anxiety take to work?

The amount of time needed to alleviate symptoms depends on the severity of a person’s condition. Some therapies may take 5-20 weekly sessions to show results. Anti-depressant medications typically take two to four weeks before a benefit is felt. Anti-anxiety medications are felt typically within 20-30 minutes. Medications are best used to offer a patient a better headspace in which to work on techniques learned in therapy. Exercise, improved sleep habits, and meditation are effective, but takes weeks or months to show results.

When should I seek treatment for anxiety?

Everyone feels anxious at times, but when anxiety causes disruption to your daily life, it may be time to seek help. Such disruption can be mental, physical, or both: having fear dominate your thoughts, avoiding situations or objects that bring on feelings of anxiety, or experiencing shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, or panic attacks. When these symptoms are recurrent and distressing, it may be time to talk to someone.

How effective is treatment for anxiety?

Treatment for anxiety has been shown to be moderately to highly effective, according to a large body of psychology studies and analyses. For some people, treatment using CBT or exposure therapy alone is effective. Others respond best to a combination of medication and therapy.