This document provides an overview of project management concepts including:
- The definition of a project, project life cycle, characteristics of projects, and tools and techniques used for project management.
- Key aspects of project management like project identification, scope, deliverables, team, and the role of the project manager.
- The project life cycle involves initiation, planning, execution, and closure to complete a project on time and on budget.
- Effective project managers demonstrate leadership, task delegation, and communication skills to guide a project team to success.
Project management has evolved significantly over time. Early projects from 2500 BC like the Egyptian pyramids were organized but lacked formal management philosophies. In the 1950s, organizations like RAND Corporation began using operations analysis and techniques like PERT and CPM were developed for projects like Polaris missile program. This led to the establishment of project management as a formal discipline in 1959. Over subsequent decades, practices advanced with developments like matrix organizations in 1960s, establishment of PMI in 1967, and introduction of concepts like portfolio management techniques in 2000s.
Introduction
Meeting Objectives
Project Oriented Industries
Project Manager, Power and Authority
PM Discipline
Managing your Stake Holders
Talk the Talk and Walk the Walk
Communication
Project Closure
The document discusses the key aspects of project management including the project life cycle and its phases. It describes the five phases of a project life cycle as initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and control, and closeout. For each phase, it provides the key outputs and activities. For example, in the planning phase the outputs include creating a work breakdown structure, developing schedules, and determining roles and responsibilities. The document also covers other areas such as what is a project, factors for project success and failure, the role of a project manager, and common project management tools.
This document describes the modules of a Project Control System (PCS). The PCS allows users to manage projects from pre-inquiry through closure. It includes modules for proposal management, document control, time tracking, transmittals, progress reporting, and lessons learned. Key functions include generating project numbers, planning documents, tracking revisions and milestones, booking time, and verifying progress. The system aims to provide full visibility and control over all project activities and deliverables.
The document discusses monitoring and controlling construction projects. It describes monitoring as collecting and measuring performance information to assess results, while controlling involves taking corrective or preventive actions. The key aspects that must be monitored and controlled are project scope, time/schedule, cost, and quality. This includes tracking progress, managing changes, updating plans and documents, and identifying variances. The roles and responsibilities of the project manager, project team, client, consultants and contractors are also outlined.
Project Management, Planning And Analysis Toolsahmad bassiouny
The document discusses project management tools and methodology. It covers what project management is, the types of projects, and key aspects of project management including planning, analysis tools like network analysis, scheduling, monitoring, managing costs and quality. It emphasizes the importance of clear objectives, realistic planning and schedules, and honesty in monitoring and reporting progress.
This document provides an overview of the project life cycle and project management. It defines a project as a unique undertaking with specific time, cost and quality constraints, compared to operational activities which are repetitive. Project management involves skills, tools and processes to successfully complete projects. The project life cycle consists of phases like initiation, planning, execution and closure to define, plan, execute and review a project. Information technology projects also follow life cycles but with phases tailored for their type of work.
Project management techniques allow projects to be planned, monitored, and controlled effectively. The document discusses key project management steps including:
1. Representing the project as a network diagram with nodes and branches to show task dependencies and durations.
2. Using the Critical Path Method (CPM) to calculate earliest and latest start/finish times to determine the critical path and project completion time.
3. Conducting sensitivity analysis using the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) which considers probabilistic activity times to estimate mean times and variances for predicting project completion probabilities.
The document discusses the project management life cycle which includes 5 process groups: initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing. It also discusses the 10 knowledge areas that are core to project management according to PMI. The process groups involve defining a project, planning how to execute it, carrying out the work, tracking progress, and finally closing the project. The knowledge areas provide the technical skills needed for effective project management.
Monitoring and evaluation are important processes for projects. Monitoring involves regularly collecting and recording information about all aspects of a project to inform decision-making and ensure progress is communicated. Evaluation assesses the merit and worth of project activities, outcomes, and impacts. Both processes provide accountability, promote learning, and help understand stakeholder perspectives to improve future project management, planning, and effectiveness. Key needs include assessing results, understanding different views, and ensuring accountability.
An entrepreneur is defined in several ways in the document. Adam Smith defined an entrepreneur as someone who provides capital for a business but does not take an active role. Others define an entrepreneur as someone who identifies opportunities to improve an environment, marshals resources, and implements actions to maximize opportunities. An entrepreneur also sets up businesses, takes on financial risk, and hopes to earn a profit. Entrepreneurship involves seeking investment opportunities, organizing an enterprise, raising capital, arranging supplies and managers. It is a creative activity that involves doing things not typically done in the ordinary course of business. Entrepreneurship is a multi-dimensional concept that emerges within socio-economic and cultural settings.
The document discusses project planning and a project work plan. It describes the planning process, which involves devising a scheme to accomplish the business need for a project. The core planning processes include scope planning, activity definition and sequencing, schedule development, resource planning, cost estimating, and developing the project plan. Facilitating processes support the core processes and involve areas like quality planning, staff acquisition, communication planning, and risk identification. An effective project plan guides project execution, documents assumptions and decisions, facilitates communication, and provides a baseline for monitoring progress. The plan includes elements like specifications, the work breakdown structure, schedules, budgets, and management plans.
This document introduces concepts related to project management. It defines a project as a temporary endeavor with a defined beginning and end, undertaken to produce a unique product or service. Project management is described as the process of planning, organizing, motivating, and controlling resources to achieve specific goals within constraints of time, budget and scope. The main concepts are that a project must be completed on time and within budget, and meet performance requirements. Reasons for the importance of project management include global competition, increased knowledge, corporate downsizing, and greater customer focus. Characteristics of a project include established objectives, defined lifespan, involvement of multiple teams, and unique time/cost/quality requirements.
This document provides an overview of entrepreneurship and key entrepreneurial concepts. It defines entrepreneurship and differentiates between entrepreneurs and businessmen. It discusses the roles and social responsibilities of entrepreneurs toward customers, society, suppliers, staff, competitors, and country. The document also examines the personal traits and competencies of successful entrepreneurs, including personal initiative, seizing opportunities, endurance, being an information seeker, commitment, efficiency, systematic planning, creative problem solving, self-confidence, assertion, and power/authority. Finally, it introduces e-business, distinguishing it from e-commerce, and discusses online marketing communication tools like direct email marketing and online catalogs.
This document provides an introduction to the Critical Path Method (CPM) project scheduling technique. It defines CPM and explains that it was developed in the 1950s to assist with scheduling complex projects. The document outlines the key steps in CPM, including constructing a network diagram of tasks, calculating early and late start/finish times, and identifying the critical path. An example is provided to demonstrate how to determine the critical path of a project using CPM. Benefits and limitations of the technique are also summarized.
The document discusses project design and management concepts. It covers topics such as project definition, quality assurance, proposals, project start, and project implementation. Key aspects include developing initial project concepts, proposal development, assembling proposals, project initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and control, and closeout. Project roles and phases are also outlined.
Role of Project Management Consultancy in Construction ProjectIOSR Journals
The construction industry generally deals with the various types of construction sectors viz Real
Estate & Infrastructure. Real Estate Sector is segmented in Residential, Industrial, Corporate, and
Commercial. Whereas Infrastructure sector in Roads, Railways, Urban Infrastructures, Ports, Airports and
Power. To manage such kind of unique projects requires an expertise with organizations and a thorough
body of knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to provide the analysis or breakdown of Role of Project
Management Consultancy and study the Problems faced by PMC for implementing the project. Project
Management Consultancy plays multifaceted part in such projects and provides the services from inception
to completion of projects. At every stage of project life cycle, the principles of pro-activeness and creating
the win-win situation is necessary keeping in mind the customer / client’s requirements. Use of Project
Management Consultancy (PMC) offers one of the effective management solution to increase and improve the
efficiency and outcome of a project in construction. A case study of construction of a Mega Industrial Project
which is dealt by PMC and Project consist of various type of buildings for Manufacturing unit, Assembling
unit , Logistic unit , Process unit with allied Infra of Electrical utilities, Services like Fire fighting, Sewage
line, Storm water arrangement and Road etc have been considered for this research work.
Entrepreneurs face many challenges including finding the right business location, hiring good employees, assembling an effective business team, raising startup capital, dealing with competition, keeping up with industry changes and trends, avoiding depression or anxiety, not overestimating chances of success, and maintaining proper focus. Some of the key challenges are finding a suitable business location, hiring trustworthy employees, convincing investors to provide startup funding, and adapting to shifting market trends and competition.
Project management-project life cycle-pdfAditi Garg
The document outlines the typical phases in a construction project lifecycle:
1) Initiation/Conceptual Stage - The initial idea is developed and feasibility studies are conducted.
2) Design Stage - Detailed design and planning of the project occurs.
3) Tendering Stage - Contractors are solicited and a contract is awarded for construction.
4) Construction Stage - The project is built according to the plans.
5) Completion Stage - The finished project is handed over and put into operation. Monitoring of performance continues.
This document discusses project management roles and scope management. It begins by outlining the roles and responsibilities of a project manager, including scope planning, definition, verification and control. It then discusses the need for construction project management due to potential conflicts between objectives and constraints. The key functions of project management for construction are specified, including directing resources to achieve objectives, specifying plans, efficient resource use, implementation, and conflict resolution. Principles of project management are also outlined, such as having a clear project structure and goals. The document concludes by discussing verification and control project management stages.
This document provides information on projects and project management. It defines a project as a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service. It discusses key project management concepts like the project life cycle, which includes phases like initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and control, and closure. It also describes important project management tools like the project charter, work breakdown structure, schedule and budget that help define the scope, time, and costs of a project.
The document discusses project scope management. It defines scope management as defining and managing what is included and excluded from a project. Scope management involves planning, controlling, and closing processes. Planning involves determining project goals, tasks, deadlines and budgets. Controlling involves documenting and approving/disapproving changes. Closing examines completed deliverables against the original plan. Effective scope management provides clarity on project requirements, tasks, timelines and costs.
The document discusses key aspects of project management including:
- Defining a project and its attributes such as having a unique purpose, being temporary, requiring resources, and involving uncertainty.
- Explaining the triple constraints of project management as scope, time, and cost goals and how project managers must balance these competing constraints.
- Describing the project management framework which includes stakeholders, knowledge areas like scope, time and cost management, and tools such as Gantt charts that assist project teams.
The document discusses various aspects of project management. It begins by defining what a project is - a unique set of coordinated activities with a start and end date, undertaken to achieve objectives within time, cost and resource constraints. It then discusses the key attributes of projects like objectives, timeframes, activities, resources, risks.
It explains the basic elements of a project - operations/activities, resources, and conditions/restraints. It discusses the three dimensions of project performance - scope, time and resources. It also covers the project life cycle phases of initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and closing. Finally, it provides details on various planning processes like developing the work breakdown structure, scheduling, estimating durations and resources.
Introduction to international project managementprakashnachnani
This document provides an introduction to international project management. It defines what constitutes a project and lists key characteristics such as being temporary, having unique deliverables, and allowing for progressive elaboration. Projects are also purposeful, logical, structured, involve conflict and risk, and have limited resources. Typical project phases include initiation, definition, feasibility study, execution, and conclusion. Key project management activities involve planning, scheduling, and controlling. Common problems include poor planning, lack of leadership, unclear requirements, and missed deadlines. Project types can be manufacturing, construction, management, or research oriented.
Projects are temporary endeavors undertaken to create unique products, services or results. They differ from operations which sustain ongoing business work. Projects have defined beginnings and ends. The document discusses key attributes of projects including their objectives, resources, constraints of scope, time and cost, management approaches, and factors determining their success. Effective project managers balance competing demands to deliver projects on schedule and budget.
The document provides an introduction to project management. It defines a project as a temporary work effort with a defined start and finish undertaken to create a unique product, service or result. Key characteristics of projects include being unique, having a definite start and end, and utilizing skills from multiple professions. The three main constraints of a project are time, cost, and performance quality. The document also discusses the project life cycle, which typically includes phases for concept, design, execution, and commissioning. It notes that project management involves applying knowledge and techniques to meet requirements within the constraints.
This document discusses scope and time management in project management. It defines scope management as the processes of defining and controlling what is included in a project. Time management involves activity definition, sequencing, estimating durations, developing schedules, and schedule control. The key tools discussed are the work breakdown structure (WBS), network diagrams, Gantt charts, and critical path analysis. Scope management aims to control scope creep through verification and change control processes.
Project Scope Management typically refers to the extensive collection of processes that ensure the exact description and visualization of the ample scope of a project. The strategies of project scope planning and scope management allow the project managers to assign the recommended amount of work needed to complete a project effectively. It is concerned with the determination of what is included in the project and what is altered
This document provides an overview of project management basics. It discusses why projects are popular, common project types, and main project phases. It also examines project definitions, characteristics, structures, roles and responsibilities. Additionally, it covers setting goals and objectives, developing a risk management plan, and common project risks including technical, contract, commercial, market, and distributional risks. The document provides examples of different project types like investment, organizational, social, and R&D/innovation projects to illustrate concepts. It emphasizes decomposing projects, setting measurable objectives, and developing strategies to identify, quantify, and respond to risks.
The document discusses project management processes and software project planning. It describes the five basic phases of directing and controlling a project: conception and initiation, definition and planning, launch or execution, performance and control, and close. It also outlines the key responsibilities of a project manager, including planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Finally, it details the various activities involved in software project planning such as scope definition, quality planning, time and resource estimation, risk identification, schedule development, and cost estimation.
This document provides an overview of project management concepts and methods. It discusses what a project is, the project management triangle of time, cost and scope, and project organization. Traditional management systems and their disadvantages are outlined. The life cycle of a construction project from pre-project to post-project phases is explained. Project programming methods like bar charts, network diagrams, milestone charts and work breakdown structures are described. The critical path method for determining the critical path is introduced.
ESOFT Metro Campus - Diploma in Software Engineering - (Module VII) Introduction to Project Management
(Template - Virtusa Corporate)
Contents:
What is a Project?
History of the Project Management
Attributes of a Project
What is Project Management?
Why Project Management Important?
The Triple Constraints of a Project
Project Stakeholders
Performing Organizational Structures
Project Management Life Cycle
Project Management Processes
Nine Knowledge Areas
Integration Management
Scope Management
Time Management
Cost Management
Quality Management
Human Resource Management
Communication Management
Risk Management
Procurement Management
This document provides an overview of the Projects and Operations Management course. The course code is 3.2 and is worth 4 credits. Module 1 covers the definition of a project, the five phases of project management including initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, and closing. It also discusses the differences between project management and operations management. Key aspects of project management are defined, such as the role of the project manager in recruiting a team, motivating them, controlling finances, responding to change, and communicating. The five phases of a project management lifecycle are described in detail.
A project is defined as a means of moving from a problem to a solution via a series of planned activities. It has a definite beginning and end and consists of multiple interconnected tasks. Successful project management requires thorough planning, control over resources and activities, and monitoring progress against the initial plan. It also depends on factors like clear goals, support from senior management, effective communication, and involvement of stakeholders. When projects go wrong, it is often due to poor planning, lack of control, unrealistic schedules or budgets, and failure to address risks.
Project Management and Control Techniquesssuser8e973a
This document provides an overview of key topics related to project management. It discusses the meaning and definitions of projects, including their objectives and characteristics. The different phases of the project life cycle are outlined, from concept stage through completion stage. Methods of project scheduling like PERT and CPM are mentioned. The importance of project identification, capital budgeting, generating project proposals, and project reports are covered. Factors in project analysis, evaluation and selection, financing, and implementation are also summarized.
Introduction to Software Project ManagementReetesh Gupta
This document provides an introduction to software project management. It defines what a project and software project management are, and discusses the key characteristics and phases of projects. Software project management aims to deliver software on time, within budget and meeting requirements. It also discusses challenges that can occur in software projects related to people, processes, products and technology. Effective project management focuses on planning, organizing, monitoring and controlling the project work.
Lecture Notes Unit4 Chapter13 users , roles and privilegesMurugan146644
Description:
Welcome to the comprehensive guide on Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) concepts, tailored for final year B.Sc. Computer Science students affiliated with Alagappa University. This document covers fundamental principles and advanced topics in RDBMS, offering a structured approach to understanding databases in the context of modern computing. PDF content is prepared from the text book Learn Oracle 8I by JOSE A RAMALHO.
Key Topics Covered:
Main Topic : USERS, Roles and Privileges
In Oracle databases, users are individuals or applications that interact with the database. Each user is assigned specific roles, which are collections of privileges that define their access levels and capabilities. Privileges are permissions granted to users or roles, allowing actions like creating tables, executing procedures, or querying data. Properly managing users, roles, and privileges is essential for maintaining security and ensuring that users have appropriate access to database resources, thus supporting effective data management and integrity within the Oracle environment.
Sub-Topic :
Definition of User, User Creation Commands, Grant Command, Deleting a user, Privileges, System privileges and object privileges, Grant Object Privileges, Viewing a users, Revoke Object Privileges, Creation of Role, Granting privileges and roles to role, View the roles of a user , Deleting a role
Target Audience:
Final year B.Sc. Computer Science students at Alagappa University seeking a solid foundation in RDBMS principles for academic and practical applications.
URL for previous slides
chapter 8,9 and 10 : https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/lecture_notes_unit4_chapter_8_9_10_rdbms-for-the-students-affiliated-by-alagappa-university/270123800
Chapter 11 Sequence: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/sequnces-lecture_notes_unit4_chapter11_sequence/270134792
Chapter 12 View : https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/rdbms-lecture-notes-unit4-chapter12-view/270199683
About the Author:
Dr. S. Murugan is Associate Professor at Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi. With 23 years of teaching experience in the field of Computer Science, Dr. S. Murugan has a passion for simplifying complex concepts in database management.
Disclaimer:
This document is intended for educational purposes only. The content presented here reflects the author’s understanding in the field of RDBMS as of 2024.
Benchmarking Sustainability: Neurosciences and AI Tech Research in Macau - Ke...Alvaro Barbosa
In this talk we will review recent research work carried out at the University of Saint Joseph and its partners in Macao. The focus of this research is in application of Artificial Intelligence and neuro sensing technology in the development of new ways to engage with brands and consumers from a business and design perspective. In addition we will review how these technologies impact resilience and how the University benchmarks these results against global standards in Sustainable Development.
How to Manage Shipping Connectors & Shipping Methods in Odoo 17Celine George
Odoo 17 ERP system enables management and storage of various delivery methods for different customers. Timely, undamaged delivery at fair shipping rates leaves a positive impression on clients.
Open Source and AI - ByWater Closing Keynote Presentation.pdfJessica Zairo
ByWater Solutions, a leader in open-source library software, will discuss the future of open-source AI Models and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAGs). Discover how these cutting-edge technologies can transform information access and management in special libraries. Dive into the open-source world, where transparency and collaboration drive innovation, and learn how these can enhance the precision and efficiency of information retrieval.
This session will highlight practical applications and showcase how open-source solutions can empower your library's growth.
PRESS RELEASE - UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, JULY 16, 2024.pdfnservice241
The University of Ghana has launched a new vision and strategic plan, which will focus on transforming lives and societies through unparalleled scholarship, innovation, and result-oriented discoveries.
How to Manage Access Rights & User Types in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, who have access to the database they are called users. There are different types of users in odoo and they have different accesses into the database. Access rights are permissions that can be set for the individual or group of users. This slide will show How to Manage Access Rights & User Types in Odoo 17.
Postal Advocate manages the mailing and shipping spends for some of the largest organizations in North America. At this session, we discussed the USPS® July 2024 rate change. Postal Advocate shared all the important information you need to know for this coming rate change that goes into effect on Sunday, July 14, 2024.
We Covered:
-What rates are changing
-How this impacts you
-What you need to do
-Savings tips
Codeavour 5.0 International Impact Report - The Biggest International AI, Cod...Codeavour International
Unlocking potential across borders! 🌍✨ Discover the transformative journey of Codeavour 5.0 International, where young innovators from over 60 countries converged to pioneer solutions in AI, Coding, Robotics, and AR-VR. Through hands-on learning and mentorship, 57 teams emerged victorious, showcasing projects aligned with UN SDGs. 🚀
Codeavour 5.0 International empowered students from 800 schools worldwide to tackle pressing global challenges, from bustling cities to remote villages. With participation exceeding 5,000 students, this year's competition fostered creativity and critical thinking among the next generation of changemakers. Projects ranged from AI-driven healthcare innovations to sustainable agriculture solutions, each addressing local and global issues with technological prowess.
The journey began with a collective vision to harness technology for social good, as students collaborated across continents, guided by mentors and educators dedicated to nurturing their potential. Witnessing the impact firsthand, teams hailing from diverse backgrounds united to code for a better future, demonstrating the power of innovation in driving positive change.
As Codeavour continues to expand its global footprint, it not only celebrates technological innovation but also cultivates a spirit of collaboration and compassion. These young minds are not just coding; they are reshaping our world with creativity and resilience, laying the groundwork for a sustainable and inclusive future. Together, they inspire us to believe in the limitless possibilities of innovation and the profound impact of young voices united by a common goal.
Read the full impact report to learn more about the Codeavour 5.0 International.
Dr. Nasir Mustafa CERTIFICATE OF APPRECIATION "NEUROANATOMY"Dr. Nasir Mustafa
CERTIFICATE OF APPRECIATION
"NEUROANATOMY"
DURING THE JOINT ONLINE LECTURE SERIES HELD BY
KUTAISI UNIVERSITY (GEORGIA) AND ISTANBUL GELISIM UNIVERSITY (TURKEY)
FROM JUNE 10TH TO JUNE 14TH, 2024
How To Sell Hamster Kombat Coin In Pre-marketSikandar Ali
How To Sell Hamster Kombat Coin In Pre Market
When you need to promote a cryptocurrency like Hamster Kombat Coin earlier than it officially hits the market, you want to connect to ability shoppers in locations wherein early trading occurs. Here’s how you can do it:
Make a message that explains why Hamster Kombat Coin is extremely good and why people have to spend money on it. Talk approximately its cool functions, the network in the back of it, or its destiny plans.
Search for cryptocurrency boards, social media groups (like Discord or Telegram), or special pre-market buying and selling structures wherein new crypto cash are traded. You can search for forums or companies that focus on new or lesser-acknowledged coins.
Join the Right Communities: If you are no longer already a member, be a part of those groups. Be active, share helpful statistics, and display which you recognize your stuff.
Post Your Offer: Once you experience comfortable and feature come to be a acquainted face, put up your offer to sell Hamster Kombat Coin. Be honest about how plenty you have got and the price you need.
Be short to reply to any questions capability customers may have. They may need to realize how the coin works, its destiny capability, or technical details. Make positive you have got the answers equipped.
Talk without delay with involved customers to agree on a charge and finalize the sale. Make sure both facets apprehend how the coins and money could be exchanged.
How To Sell Hamster Kombat Coin In Pre Market
Once everything is settled, move beforehand with the transaction as deliberate. You might switch the cash immediately or use a provider to assist.
Stay in Touch: After the sale, check in with the customer to ensure they were given the coins. If viable, leave feedback in the network to expose you’re truthful.
How To Sell Hamster Kombat Coin In Pre Market
When you need to promote a cryptocurrency like Hamster Kombat Coin earlier than it officially hits the market, you want to connect to ability shoppers in locations wherein early trading occurs. Here’s how you can do it:
Make a message that explains why Hamster Kombat Coin is extremely good and why people have to spend money on it. Talk approximately its cool functions, the network in the back of it, or its destiny plans.
Search for cryptocurrency boards, social media groups (like Discord or Telegram), or special pre-market buying and selling structures wherein new crypto cash are traded. You can search for forums or companies that focus on new or lesser-acknowledged coins.
Join the Right Communities: If you are no longer already a member, be a part of those groups. Be active, share helpful statistics, and display which you recognize your stuff.
Post Your Offer: Once you experience comfortable and feature come to be a acquainted face, put up your offer to sell Hamster Kombat Coin. Be honest about how plenty you have got and the price you need.
Hamster kombat free money Withdraw Easy free $500 mo
2. CONTENT
• Project management: meaning, scope &
importance, role of project manager;
• project life-cycle Project appraisal: Preparation
of a real time project feasibility report
containing Technical appraisal, Environmental
appraisal,
• Market appraisal (including market survey for
forecasting future demand and sales) and
Managerial appraisal.
3. Project
• A project is defined as a specific, finite set of activity that
produces an observable and measurable result under certain
preset requirements.
• A planned activity which is carried out to meet certain
objectives.
• A project is a temporary endeavor to create a unique product
or service
• Project is a great opportunity for organizations and individuals
to achieve their business and non-business objectives more
efficiently through implementing change.
• Projects help us make desired changes in an organized
manner and with reduced probability of failure.
• Projects differ from other types of work (e.g. process, task,
procedure).
4. Characteristics of a Project
• Planning is required.
• Predetermined time span.
• Non-routine tasks are involved.
• Work is carried out for someone other than
yourself.
5. Characteristics (cont.)
• Resources are constrained.
• Specific objectives / product should be the
outcome.
• It is large or complex.
• Several phases are involved.
6. Project identification
• Project identification is a process in the
initiating phase of project life cycle for
identifying a need, problem, or opportunity.
Once identified, a project is initially
documented objectively defining what was
identified.
8. Project Life Cycle
• A project is not a one shot activity. Even a shooting
star has a time and life span.
• Project lifecycle is spread over a period of time.
There is an unavoidable gestation period for the
complex of activities involved to attain the objectives
in view.
• This gestation period, however, varies from project
to project but it is possible to describe, in general
term, the time phasing of project planning activities
common to most projects.
• The principal stages in the life of a project are :
10. Project scope
• Project scope can be defined as a part of project planning that
includes figuring out and documenting a detailed list of
deliverables or features that are to be involved in the
execution of the project.
• In other words, project scope is defining the goals of the
project and what needs to be done to achieve it.
• If you’ve ever worked on a project, there are good chances
that you’ve heard the term project scope quite a few times.
It’s probably the most decisive component of a successful
project management.
11. What is Project Scope?
• Scope refers to the detailed set of deliverables or features of a
project. These deliverables are derived from a project’s
requirements.
• PMBOKdefines Project Scope as the “The work that needs to
be accomplished to deliver a product, service, or result with
the specified features and functions.”
• Additionally, the scope of the project should have a tangible
objective for the organization that is undertaking the project.
This is integral for the scope of the project since it will play a
vital role in how project methodologies are applied to
complete it.
12. The project scope statement can include:
• Product scope
• Project scope
• List of deliverables
• Acceptance criteria
• Project exclusions
• Limitations
• Assumptions
13. Difference between Project and
Product scope
• Project scope refers to the work that must be done to deliver
a product (or service) successfully with the specified features
and functions. For example, if you’re supposed to develop a
software application, the project scope is the work that has to
be done to develop the software application with proper
functionalities.
• Product scope refers to the features and functions that are to
be included in a product. Simply put, it is what a customer
wants in a product or service. For example, if the product is a
smartphone, the product scope will be its screen size, battery
backup, memory, processor speed, etc.
14. Project Scope Management
• Project scope management refers to the set of processes
that ensure the scope of a project is accurately defined
and mapped. It must include all the essential project
information, not anything else in order to complete the
project on time.
• Project Scope Management refers to the set of processes
that ensure a project’s scope is accurately defined and
mapped.
• Scope Management techniques enable project managers
and supervisors to allocate the right amount of work
necessary to successfully complete a project—concerned
primarily with controlling what is and what is not part of
the project’s scope.
15. Project management
• Project management is the process of leading the
work of a team to achieve all project goals within
the given constraints.
• This information is usually described in project
documentation, created at the beginning of the
development process. The primary constraints
are scope, time, and budget.
• The secondary challenge is
to optimize the allocation of necessary inputs and
apply them to meet pre-defined objectives.
16. Objective of project management
• The objective of project management is to produce a
complete project which complies with the client's
objectives.
• In many cases the objective of project management is also
to shape or reform the client's brief to feasibly address the
client's objectives.
• Once the client's objectives are clearly established they
should influence all decisions made by other people
involved in the project – for example project managers,
designers, contractors and sub-contractors.
• Ill-defined or too tightly prescribed project management
objectives are detrimental to decision making.
17. Benefits of Project Management Approach
• Project management approach will help in handling complex,
costly and risky assignments by providing interdisciplinary
approach in handling the assignments. Example: R&D
organizations.
• Project management approaches help in handling
assignments in a specified time frame with definite start and
completion points .Example handling customer orders by
Industries involved in production of capital goods.
• Project management approaches provide task orientation to
personnel in an Organization in handling assignments.
Example: Organizations in IT sector handling software
development assignments for clients.
19. 1.Initiation involves starting up the project, by
documenting a business case, feasibility study,
terms of reference, appointing the team and
setting up a Project Office.
20. 2. Planning involves setting out the roadmap for
the project by creating the following plans:
project plan, resource plan, financial plan,
quality plan, acceptance plan and
communications plan.
21. 3. Execution involves
building the deliverables
and controlling the project
delivery, scope, costs, quality,
risks and issues.
22. 4. Closure involves winding-down the project by
releasing staff, handing over deliverables to
the customer and completing a post
implementation review.
25. Deliverable
• A deliverable is a tangible or intangible good or service
produced as a result of a project that is intended to be
delivered to a customer (either internal or external). A
deliverable could be a report, a document, a software
product, a server upgrade or any other building block of an
overall project.
• A project deliverable is any output created as the result of
work done during a project. Defining, tracking, and managing
project deliverables is one of the most important
responsibilities of a project manager. In project management,
however, it means something more definite: a specific output
created as the result of work performed during the course of
a project.
26. TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
1. Project selection techniques
(a) Brain Storming
(b)Cost benefit analysis and
(c) Risk and sensitivity analysis
2. Project execution planning techniques
(a) Work breakdown structure (WBS)
(b) project execution plan (PEP)
(c) Project responsibility matrix and
(d) Project management manual
27. 3. Project scheduling and coordinating techniques
(a) Bar charts
(b) Life cycle curves
(c) Line of balance (LOB) and
(d) Networking techniques (PERT/CPM)
4. Project monitoring and progressing techniques
(a) Progress measurement technique (PROMPT)
(b) Performance monitoring technique (PERMIT) and
(c) Updating, reviewing and reporting technique (URT)
28. 5. Project cost and productivity control techniques
(a) Productivity budgeting techniques
(b) Value engineering (VE) and
(c) COST/WBS
• 6.Project communication and clean-up techniques
(a) Control room and
(b) Computerised information systems
29. Project Team
• The project team consists of people with assigned
roles and responsibilities for completing the project.
• Project team members have varied skill sets and they
may be assigned full or part-time.
• Team members may be on-site, or remote in which
case the project manager needs to know how to deal
with a virtual team.
• The team would have a mix of people so that all the
necessary skills, knowledge and understanding are
collectively within that team, subject to any further
specialized support that is needed.
31. Project Manager
• A good project manager delivers projects
within the deadline and budget set by the
clients, meeting or even exceeding the
expectations of the stakeholders.
• But what does it take to make a good project
manager great?
• Here are the top 10 qualities one must have to
become a successful project manager.
32. 1. Leadership
A great project manager will set the tone for the project and
provide a clear vision about its objectives for the team. A
sense of foresight helps as well: by anticipating potential
problems, you can have your team ready to solve them in the
blink of the eye. Enthusiasm and passion are crucial to ensure
that people follow you—nobody will do so if you’re sporting a
negative attitude.
2. Task delegation
Being a leader doesn’t mean that you need to think about every
tiny little detail of a project. Show your team members you
trust them and delegate tasks to them. Of course, you should
be able to judge your team members’ skills and assign the
tasks in accordance with their strengths.
33. 3. Communication
Good communication is not only about transmitting your vision
to your team, it’s also about maximising the efficiency of
meetings to make decisions and solve problems. People get
easily bored during long, unorganised gatherings. The same
goes for written communication: emails and reports are a
means of communication you use daily so you need to be able
to make most of them.
4. Empathy
As a team leader, you’ll need to be empathetic rather than
sympathetic. Sometimes the work of your team members
might be affected by the difficulties they experience in their
private lives. It’s important that your team stays focused on
the project and that each member remains productive even
when having personal troubles.
34. 5. Organisation
Good organisation is a key factor for creating a productive work
environment as well as solving problems under pressure.
Being well-organised helps to stay focused on the big picture
and to prioritise your own tasks and responsibilities.
6. Competence
Being on top of your projects entails a vast amount of industry
knowledge to be effective in what you do. Some knowledge
on the financial and legal side of your projects will not hurt
either. You need to be perceived as capable and competent by
your team. Mind you, it’s not about technical expertise: you’re
there to lead, which means encouraging, challenging and
inspiring the members of your team.
35. 7. Integrity
This word essentially means loyalty and honesty. You should be
able to gain the trust of your team, at the same time setting
the ethical tone on the projects and showing that you yourself
follow the rules you set for others. Projects must be
profitable, sure, but that doesn’t mean you’ll need to bend
your morality to do so. If you’re project manager material,
you’ll be able to come up with various solutions that will serve
your ends.
8. Problem solving
• You are the leader of the team, but that doesn’t mean you’ll
solve all the problems yourself. Great project managers work
with a team of experts or consultants and use their expertise
to tackle problems in most efficient ways.
36. 9. Collaboration
This is crucial—every great project manager knows how
important their team is. A grasp of team dynamics is essential
if you want your team to work smoothly on your projects.
When developing your team, keep this in mind: conflicts and
disagreements are bound to happen; as a leader, you’ll need
to be able to mediate them and make sure all you team
members work toward the same goal.
10. Team development
Delivering projects within the time and budget limit can be quite
stressful; it’s your job not to crumble under the pressure and
make sure none of your team members do. Good leaders
know that problems make up the fabric of life and are to be
expected: they will treat problems as events that could
possibly influence the project in a new way by providing a
different perspective on its future.
37. Project appraisal
• The project appraisal is the process of critical
examination and analysis of the proposal in totality.
• The appraisal goes beyond the analysis presented in
the feasibility report.
• At this stage, if required compilation of additional
information and further analysis of project
dimensions are undertaken.
• At the end of the process an appraisal note is
prepared for facilitating decision on the project
implementation.
38. • Project appraisal enables to take a decision on
investment with long term effects.
• During the appraisal stage, measurement of
costs and benefits are difficult as these are
spread over a long term with high degree of
uncertainty
40. Technical Appraisal
• It determines whether the technical parameters are soundly
conceived, realistic and technically feasible.
• Technical feasibility analysis is the systematic gathering and analysis
of the data pertaining to the technical inputs required and
formation of conclusion there from.
• The availability of the raw materials, equipment, hard/software,
power, sanitary and sewerage services, transportation facility,
skilled man power, engineering facilities, maintenance, local people
etc., depending on the type of project are coming under technical
analysis.
• This feasibility analysis is very important since its significance lies in
planning the exercises, documentation process, risk minimization
process and to get approval.
41. • Checklist for Technical Appraisal
• Physical scale
• Technology used & Type of equipments & Suitability
conditions
• How realistic is the implementation schedule
• Labour intensive method or others
• Cost estimates of Engineering Data
• Escalation are taken care of or not
• Procurement arrangement
• Cost of operation & Maintenance
• Necessary raw material & Inputs
• Potential impact of project on human & physical Environment
42. • Financial Appraisal
• To determine whether the financial costs and returns are properly
estimated and whether the project is financially viable. Following
minimum details are determined in the financial appraisal;
1. Total Cost
2. O & M Expenditure
3. Opportunity costs
4. Other costs
5. Returns on Investment over project life
6. NPV
7. CBR
8. IRR
43. • Institutional Appraisal
• To determine whether the implementing agencies as
identified in the report are capable for effective
implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of the
scheme.
• Managerial competence, integrity, knowledge of the
project, the promoters should have the knowledge and
ability to plan, implement and operate the entire project
effectively.
• The past record of the promoters is to be appraised to
clarify their ability in handling the projects. Checklist
44. checklist for Institutional Appraisal
• Whether the entity is properly organised do
the job
• Strength to use capability and take initiatives
to reach the objectives
• Openness to new ideas and willingness to
adopt long term approach to extend over
several projects
45. • Commercial Appraisal
• The demand and scope of the project among the
beneficiaries, customer friendly process and preferences,
future demand of the supply, effectiveness of the selling
arrangement, latest information availability on all areas,
government control measures, etc.
• The appraisal involves the assessment of the current
demand/market scenario, which enables the project to get
adequate demand.
• Estimation, distribution and advertisement scenario also to be
here considered into.
46. • Environmental Appraisal
• To see any detrimental environmental impacts
and how to minimise the impacts.
• Environmental appraisal concerns with the
impact of environment on the project. The
factors include the water, air, land, sound,
geographical location etc.
47. • Economic Appraisal
• How far the project contributes to the development
of the sector, industrial development, social
development, maximizing the growth of
employment, etc. are kept in view while evaluating
the economic feasibility of the project.
• Legal Appraisal
• To determine whether the project satisfies the legal
issues related to land acquisition, title deed,
environmental clearance etc.