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- Amiran Gamkrelidze [2]
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- 10Santé publique France, the French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France [1]
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- 33Directorate of Epidemiological Surveillance and Intervention for Infectious Diseases, Hellenic National Public Health Organization (EODY), Athens, Greece [1]
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Between May 2015 and February 2022 77168 hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected people in Georgia have been treated through an HCV elimination programme. To project the programme’s long-term impacts an HCV infection model was initially developed based on data from surveys among people who inject drugs and a national serosurvey in 2015.
Accounting for follow-up surveys in 2021 we validate and update projections of HCV infection prevalence and incidence.
We assessed the initial model projections’ accuracy for overall prevalence by age sex and among people who ever injected drugs compared with 2021 serosurvey data. We used 2021 results to weight model fits and to recalculate the national programme’s impact leading up to March 2022 on HCV infection incidence rates. Cases and deaths averted were estimated. The impact of reduced treatment rates during the COVID-19 pandemic was assessed.
The original model overpredicted adult (≥ 18 years old) chronic HCV infection prevalence for 2021 (2.7%; 95% credible interval (CrI): 1.9–3.5%) compared with a 2021 serosurvey (1.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3–2.4%). Weighted model projections estimated a 60% decrease in HCV infection incidence by March 2022 with an absolute incidence of 66 (95% CrI: 34–131) per 100000 person-years (overall population). Between May 2015 and March 2022 9186 (95% CrI: 5396–16720) infections and 842 (95% CrI: 489–1324) deaths were averted. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in 13344 (95% CrI: 13236–13437) fewer treatments and 438 (95% CrI: 223-744) fewer averted infections by March 2022.
Results support the programme’s high effectiveness. At current treatment rate (406/month) 90% reductions in prevalence and incidence in Georgia are achievable by 2030.
Georgia has adopted the World Health Organization European Region’s and global goals to eliminate viral hepatitis. A nationwide serosurvey among adults in 2015 showed 2.9% prevalence for hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and 25.9% for antibodies against HBV core antigen (anti-HBc). HBV infection prevalence among children had previously not been assessed.
We aimed to assess HBV infection prevalence among children and update estimates for adults in Georgia.
This nationwide cross-sectional serosurvey conducted in 2021 among persons aged ≥ 5 years used multi-stage stratified cluster design. Participants aged 5–20 years were eligible for hepatitis B vaccination as infants. Blood samples were tested for anti-HBc and if positive for HBsAg. Weighted proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for both markers.
Among 5–17 year-olds (n = 1473) 0.03% (95% CI: 0–0.19) were HBsAg-positive and 0.7% (95% CI: 0.3–1.6) were anti-HBc-positive. Among adults (n = 7237) 2.7% (95% CI: 2.3–3.4) were HBsAg-positive and 21.7% (95% CI: 20.4–23.2) anti-HBc-positive; HBsAg prevalence was lowest (0.2%; 95% CI: 0.0–1.5) among 18–23-year-olds and highest (8.6%; 95% CI: 6.1–12.1) among 35–39-year-olds.
Hepatitis B vaccination in Georgia had remarkable impact. In 2021 HBsAg prevalence among children was well below the 0.5% hepatitis B control target of the European Region and met the ≤ 0.1% HBsAg seroprevalence target for elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. Chronic HBV infection remains a problem among adults born before vaccine introduction. Screening treatment and preventive interventions among adults and sustained high immunisation coverage among children can help eliminate hepatitis B in Georgia by 2030.
Entamoeba histolytica a protozoan parasite occurs worldwide and 12% of the world's population are estimated to be infected. The prevalence of infection varies between 1% in industrialised countries to between 50% and 80% in tropical countries where tra
Following the report of a non-travel-associated cluster of monkeypox cases by the United Kingdom in May 2022 41 countries across the WHO European Region have reported 21098 cases and two deaths by 23 August 2022. Nowcasting suggests a plateauing in case notifications. Most cases (97%) are MSM with atypical rash-illness presentation. Spread is mainly through close contact during sexual activities. Few cases are reported among women and children. Targeted interventions of at-risk groups are needed to stop further transmission.