Quantitative approach

Currently, the built environment accounts for about 40% of the total energy consumed in the European Union and this level is continuing to increase. This high level of energy consumption is partially a result of attempts to create an optimum indoor environment for the occupants of buildings. New buildings and renovation projects on existing buildings need to improve their energy performance while maintaining a good and healthy indoor environment. One way of saving energy is to build passive houses. This paper presents the results of a case study of some of the first certified passive houses in Denmark, called Comfort Houses. The indoor environment is evaluated using both quantitative measurements of these houses and qualitative interviews with the occupants about their experiences of the indoor environment. The combination of these two sets of knowledge leads to a more complete and holistic picture of the indoor environment. It is shown that attention needs to be paid to the objecti...

Paper based approach to clinical documentation such as handwritten notes among health care providers are cause of errors in medical field. Therefore, health record system needs to be replaced with electronic health record (EHR). Many health professionals in developing countries specifically in Iraq refuse to use the systems implemented for their benefits due to many reasons. Thus, the use of electronic services is important for successful electronic health implementations. Therefore, this study is intended to identify the main factors affecting the intention of use of the electronic health record in Iraq. Health professional staff who work in the main hospital in Dhi-Qar is chosen because this province is the first local province that implemented many electronic projects. The present study examined use of user acceptance of technology, based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). Moreover, the quantitative method approach for data collection using survey from staff who work in the main hospital in Dhi-Qar. Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling using AMOS. The results indicated significant relationship between Ease of Use, Usefulness, Usefulness, Attitude, and Intention of use of EHR. These finding have implementation for decision makers in Iraq government to improve future implementation of e-health services.

The concept of autonomous  learning  has gained massive attention  in educational  research  and practice  over the last three decades. This concept is regarded as an option in this modern educational  world (Scharle & Szabo, 2000) which demands more active participation and less teacher-  dependence of learners.  In the area  of language  learning,  many researchers have put attention  to this concept in order  to get more understanding of the theory  and  practice.  Two approaches are  commonly used by researchers in this autonomous  learning  matter  are qualitative  and quantitative. These two approaches are discussed in this paper in order to get good comparison  of advantages  and  weaknesses to be used for research  in autonomous  learning  area.  A mix approach or a combination approach between  qualitative   and  quantitative is also  discussed  in  this  paper  to  get  more  ideas  and  understanding about  the alternative way of conducting the research  in this area.

In this paper, we aim to present a quantitative approach to reasoning about incomplete information. The study is conducted in MEL, a minimal epistemic logic relating modal languages to uncertainty theories. The proposed approach leads to two types of epistemic truth degrees of a proposition. Some related properties are derived. By means of a more general probability distribution on the set of epistemic states, two randomized versions of epistemic truth degrees are obtained. The connection between the notion of local probabilistic epistemic truth degree and belief function is also established. Based upon the fundamental notion of the global epistemic truth degree, the notion of epistemic similarity degree is also proposed and a kind of pseudo-metric used for approximate reasoning in MEL is thus derived. The obtained results provide a useful supplement to the existing study in the sense that it offers a quantitative approach instead of the qualitative manner in the literature.

Presented in this paper is a new methodology for detection of neural-network gaps (NNG's) based on error analysis and the visualization that is applicable for n-dimensional I/O domain. The generalization problem in artificial neural networks (ANN) training is analyzed and the concept of NNG's is introduced. The NNG's are highly undesirable in ANN generalization and methods for detecting, analyzing, and eliminating them are necessary. Previous methods for NNG detection, based on two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) visualization, were not applicable for ANN's with more than three inputs. Experiments demonstrate advantages of this new methodology, which allows better understanding of the NNG phenomena using a quantitative approach.

Presented in this paper is a new methodology for detection of neural-network gaps (NNG's) based on error analysis and the visualization that is applicable for n-dimensional I/O domain. The generalization problem in artificial neural networks (ANN) training is analyzed and the concept of NNG's is introduced. The NNG's are highly undesirable in ANN generalization and methods for detecting, analyzing, and eliminating them are necessary. Previous methods for NNG detection, based on two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) visualization, were not applicable for ANN's with more than three inputs. Experiments demonstrate advantages of this new methodology, which allows better understanding of the NNG phenomena using a quantitative approach.

This research attempts to examine and measure outcomes of e-CRM system implementation in the Thai Banking industry. The research is divided into two main sections. The first section is based on a qualitative approach to define e-CRM implementation in Thai banks. The second section uses a quantitative approach to determine the relationships between e-CRM implementation and outcomes from the customers'

Paper based approach to clinical documentation such as handwritten notes among health care providers are cause of errors in medical field. Therefore, health record system needs to be replaced with electronic health record (EHR). Many health professionals in developing countries specifically in Iraq refuse to use the systems implemented for their benefits due to many reasons. Thus, the use of electronic services is important for successful electronic health implementations. Therefore, this study is intended to identify the main factors affecting the intention of use of the electronic health record in Iraq. Health professional staff who work in the main hospital in Dhi-Qar is chosen because this province is the first local province that implemented many electronic projects. The present study examined use of user acceptance of technology, based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). Moreover, the quantitative method approach for data collection using survey from staff who work in th...