Pancytopenia

Introduction: Pancytopenia develops due to vitamin deficiencies, hematologic, gastrointestinal, endocrine diseases, and infections.
We aimed to investigate the etiological causes of pancytopenia in one-year period.
Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, etiological causes of pancytopenia were investigated in patients who were
admitted to the hematology and internal diseases clinics of Ministry of Health Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital in 2012.
Results: Of 251 patients with pancytopenia who were evaluated, 131 cases were male. The mean age was 58,73±17,70 years.
Etiological causes of pancytopenia were categorized as four main groups, including hematological diseases in 94 patients (37.5%),
hypersplenism in 72 patients (28.7%), vitamin B12 deficiency in 46 patients (18.3%), and other causes (autoimmune diseases, infections,
etc.) in 39 patients (15.5%). The most common cause of pancytopenia was hypersplenism (n: 72, 28%), followed by vitamin
B12 deficiency (n: 46, 18%), acute myeloid leukemia (n: 32, 12%), respectively.
Conclusion: Hypersplenism is the most common cause of pancytopenia, even though cause of hypersplenism cannot be found
out in half of all patients. Vitamin B 12 deficiency is a common cause that could be diagnosed with complete blood count and serum
B 12 level, and be treated within a short time after a supplement or B12 injections, or a high-dose oral vitamin B12 treatment. HIV
should be investigated in young patients. Hematological diseases and cancers are more observed in male patients older than sixty
years.

Objectives: We characterized the epidemiological, diagnostic and clinical aspects of children <18 years presenting with brucellosis accompanied by hematologic manifestations in Southern Israel. Method and Patients: A retrospective study on children hospitalized with brucellosis and diagnosed clinically, as well as by positive blood cultures. Patients with hematologic involvement were compared with patients w/o hematologic involvement. Results: 128/252 (50.8%) children were diagnosed with brucellosis and had blood cultures positive for Brucella melitensis. Thirty-three (25.8%) had hematologic manifestations (leukopenia 32, thrombocytopenia 14, 13 both). In univariate analysis, more males were diagnosed with hematologic involvement while no differences were seen between the 2 groups in known risk factors for brucellosis like use of non-pasteurized milk, contact with livestock, brucellosis among family members, clinical signs/ symptoms and presence of negative serological tests. The most common presentations in patients with hematologic manifestations were Arch Clin Biomed Res 2020; 4 (2): 067-078

Background: Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a rare disorder of the blood, estimated at around 500 cases worldwide. It is characterized by a dysregulation of T-cells in the immune system, and is caused by a defect in the process that mediates leukocyte apoptosis. This may result in an increased risk of lymphoma and autoimmune diseases. Case: The author reports a case of an 11-year-old male who had been followed up since three years of age for recurrent cytopenias, occurring with intermittent breakouts of purpuric rash, nosebleeds, and prolonged infections. Conclusion: A probable diagnosis was made through criteria based on the First International ALPS workshop of 2009. This includes the presence of circulating double-negative T cells, considered the laboratory marker unique for ALPS. The mainstay of treatment was prednisone, given at doses varying in proportion to the severity of immunocytopenias.

Bicytopenia is the reduction of any of the two cell lines of blood, i.e., erythrocytes, leukocytes or platelets. Many studies are done on pancytopenia but very few studies exist in the literature evaluating the spectrum of aetiologies of bicytopenia. To date, no study is available on bicytopenia in adults. We aimed to study the clinico-haematological profile of patients with bicytopenia and to investigate the different aetiologies of bicytopenia. Four hundred patients with bicytopenia admitted to KLE Dr. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital and Medical Research Centre were selected using systematic random sampling and included in the study. Their clinical profiles and haematological parameters were evaluated. Bicytopenia was observed in all ages with the mean age being 30.7 years. The occurrence of bicytopenia in different age groups was 6% in neonates, 7% in infants, 25% in children, 17% in teenagers, 85% in adults and 11% in elderly. The most common bicytopenia observed was anaemia ...

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a heterogeneous group of hematologic disorders characterized by cytopenia(s) and predisposition to leukemic progression. An immune dysregulation and an aberrant bone marrow microenvironment seem to be key elements in the physiopathological process of MDS. In order to evaluate a possible association between susceptibility and clinic-pathologic features, we genotyped 153 MDS patients for functional cytokine polymorphisms: TNF (-308 G/A), IFNG (+874 A/T and +875 CAn), IL6 (-174 G/C), and TGFB1 (+869 C/T and +915 G/C). The frequency of TNF and IL6 polymorphisms was different between patients and healthy controls (n = 131), suggesting a relatedness to MDS susceptibility in our population. Furthermore, the presence of each or both high-producing genotypes [TNF: p = 0.048, odds ratio (OR): 3.979; IL6: p = 0.001, OR: 6.835; both: p = 0.010, OR: 6.068] and thrombocytopenia at platelet counts of &lt;50,000/μL (p = 0.004, OR: 4.857) were independently ...

Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia (BNP) is a disease of calves characterised by bone marrow trilineage hypoplasia, mediated by ingestion of alloantibodies in colostrum. Suspected subclinical forms of BNP have been reported, suggesting that observed clinical cases may not represent the full extent of the disease. However to date there are no objective data available on the incidence of subclinical disease or its temporal distribution. This study aimed to 1) ascertain whether subclinical BNP occurs and, if so, to determine the incidence on an affected farm and 2) determine whether there is evidence of temporal clustering of BNP cases on this farm. To achieve these aims, haematological screening of calves born on the farm during one calving season was carried out, utilising blood samples collected at defined ages. These data were then analysed in comparison to data from both known BNP-free control animals and histopathologically confirmed BNP cases. An ordinal logistic regression model was ...