Oil Spill

This paper reports on oil classification with fluorescence spectroscopy. The investigations are part of the development of a laser-based remote sensor (laser fluorosensor) to be used for the detec- tion and classification of oil spills on water surfaces. The polychromator of the fluorosensor has six channels for measuring signals that represent the spectral fluorescence signature of the detected oil in

On August 11, 2006 more than 2 million liters of Bunker C oil spilled in southern Guimaras Island, central Philippines. Over 200 kilometers of coastline have been affected including the traditional livelihood in the island. The immediate effects involved death of marine fauna and massive mortality of mangroves which accounted to almost one hectare and two years after the incident some albino propagules of Rhizophora stylosa were observed. Additionally, some species of mangroves found in heavily impacted sites exhibited significant reduction of leaf sizes. Monitoring of the deforested mangrove areas three years after the incident showed a varying recruitment-to-mortality ratio. Recruitment and settlement of seedlings was impaired in areas where dead trees are extracted mainly for firewood purposes. The harvesting of dead trees created a forest gap, exposed the area to surging waves and thus increased the hydrodynamics. On the other hand, faster recovery dynamics was observed in area ...

Les marées noires font partie des catastrophes industrielles les plus spectaculaires et aux conséquences environnementales et économiques les plus visibles et directes. Au travers de trois marées noires majeures qui ont touché la Bretagne – celles du Torrey Canyon (1967), de l’Amoco Cadiz (1978) et de l’Erika (1999) – est souligné ici que, outre la pollution qu’elles génèrent, elles provoquent aussi des traumatismes et des conséquences normatives importantes. Elles jouent dès lors un rôle crucial dans l’histoire de l’écologie.

Although science widely recognizes the importance of the Western edge of the Amazon Basin for Earth’s ecological systems, it remains a region of oil extraction, with drilling sites dating back to the mid-twentieth century. The oil economy has a long-standing social and economic prominence, even in its most remote regions. It has created a deep dependency on cash flow in several local communities and has diminished, by its devastating environmental impacts, other sources of livelihood. As prices of oil entered a lower cycle in the global market during the 2010s, tensions emerged in extraction sites. Sabotage and lack of maintenance of oil pipelines, due to budget cuts, caused several disastrous spills that ruined water sources on which communities depended. Spills caused pollution, affecting directly local people’s health and well-being, but people have also perceived changes in the form of infrastructure and cash investment in remediation. Those might be regarded as a form of ephemeral, and toxic, “development.” This chapter aims to explore the kind of toxic development the region is now experiencing grounded in fieldwork in the Peruvian Marañon Basin.

After the conclusion of emergency response efforts for the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in fall of 2010, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) initiated the natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) process. The NRDA guidance under the Oil Pollution Act requires trustees of natural resources, including NOAA, to assess the fate and transport of oil and the potential exposure of natural resources to the oil. For a spill with the unprecedented spatial and temporal magnitude of DWH, the only data that could provide a complete picture of the daily spatial coverage of oil slicks were satellite data. NOAA convened a group of remote sensing specialists (the Oil on Water Group) that compiled, analyzed, and reported on results from a diverse and copious array of remote sensing data, including thousands of aerial photographs, multispectral and hyperspectral (AVIRIS) swaths, and hundreds of satellite images from optical (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer an...

This work presents how the traditional economy and the ecological economics treat the environment and which tools they use to integrate the environmental problem into the economical context. In this context, the present work evaluates the valuation techniques and the possibility of application of those techniques is tested and discussed in a case study accomplished at the municipal district of Ilhabela, at the coast of São Paulo, with the objective of evaluating the potential of its use in real situation involving economical damages caused by oil spills in the tourist economy of coastal areas.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3436.5204

The forms of application of the different valuation techniques were analyzed and the necessary data were colleted in field trips and in bibliography to test the application of these techniques at the proposed case study. The data show the discrepancy among the values paid as compensations for the spills and the values calculated with the valuation. These could vary from 2,59% of the total cost of the spill (without the application of the valuation) up to 52,94% of the total cost when considered the results of the valuation, totalizing a amount of R$ 4.933.606,20. This study concludes that the valuation techniques can be used in a restricted way and in specific situations, being its application in the situation studied limited by the availability of data, the perception that the local community has of the problem of the spill and by logistic difficulties in the use of some of the tested techniques

The purpose of this study is to determine the risky areas by simulating trajectory of ship based oil spill in Bay of Izmir. To get well informed about fate, this study makes the best possible use one trajectory model. PISCES 2 (Potential Incident Simulation, Control and. Evaluation System), has been conducted for simulation of main weathering processes of oil spill. Hence in order to identify the risky areas, two scenarios have been developed depending on the type and amount of pollutants. In this study it is concluded that Yenikale, Inciralti and Guzelbahce will be at risk of contamination in case of accidental oil spill at Yenikale Entrance. Finally, the PISCES 2 software provided highly reliable solutions in evaporation rate and dispersion rate calculations when compared to approaches accepted in the literature. However in the surface area calculations, there is a serious difference between the size of the area calculated by the software and the size of the area proposed by oil spill science.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the oil spill and predict the future accidents likely to be encountered around the Bay of Izmir. To get well informed about this fate this study makes the best possible use of trajectory model. PISCES II (Potential Incident Simulation, Control and Evaluation System) has been conducted to calculate weathering processes. Hence, in order to identify the risky areas, two scenarios have been developed. The results gained through these efforts are hoped to be useful for many organizations dealing with oil spill response operations and contribute to an effective and efficient coordination among the relevant institutions.

The discovery of oil in 2007 and its subsequent production in 2010 is expected to have a positive impact on the economy of Ghana. The living conditions of the ordinary Ghanaian is expected to relatively improve with the massive development expected to take place over the years. Although the discovery of oil is a blessing, it comes with its own set of emergencies and disasters to the environment. Studies have shown over the years that where there is oil, there is bound to be a spill sometime. Recent examples of such include the Gulf of Mexico/ BP Oil Spill which saw about 205 million gallons of oil into the ocean and the Exxon-Valdez oil spill in 1989 which spilled around 10.8 million gallons and impacted 1,100 miles of coast in the united states (about, 2010).

Abstract

This work deals with modified wheat straw’s oil adsorptivity in the case of oil spills on freshwater (e.g. lake water or stream water) after the use of chemical dispersant. Wheat straw, a common lignocellulosic agricultural residue, was used to obtain low cost adsorbents for diminishing an oil-products spill. The adsorbent was modified by autohydrolysis, i.e. without the use of any chemical catalyst, in a PARR autoclave at 160-240oC for 0 and 50min isothermal time period. The oil adsorbency tests were performed, using diesel and crude oil of predetermined quality specifications with the presence of chemical dispersant. In the case of diesel oil spill (DOS), Water Adsorbency, Diesel oil Adsorbency and Total Adsorbency values were found to increase to a maximum of 3g/g, 5g/g and 8g/g, respectively, at 200°C for isothermal reaction time 0min (preheating period 66min). Relative Diesel oil Adsorbency value was found to increase to a maximum of 93% at 240°C for isothermal reaction time 50min (preheating period 80min). In the case of crude oil spill (COS), Water Adsorbency value was found to increase to a maximum of 2g/g at 180°C for isothermal reaction time 0min (preheating period 47min). Crude oil Adsorbency and Total Adsorbency values were found to increase to a maximum of 7g/g and 9g/g, respectively, at 200°C for isothermal reaction time 0min. Relative Crude oil Adsorbency value was found to increase to a maximum of 94% at 240°C for isothermal reaction time 50min.

Keywords: adsorbent, autohydrolysis, oil spill, wheat straw.