Computer Networks

Cloud computing is rapidly gaining traction in business. It offers businesses online services on demand (such as Gmail, iCloud and Salesforce) and allows them to cut costs on hardware and IT support. This is the first paper in business ethics dealing with this new technology. It analyzes the informational duties of hosting companies that own and operate cloud computing datacentres (e.g., Amazon). It considers the cloud services providers leasing 'space in the cloud' from hosting companies (e.g., Dropbox, Salesforce). And it examines the business and private 'clouders' using these services. The first part of the paper argues that hosting companies, services providers and clouders have mutual informational (epistemic) obligations to provide and seek information about relevant issues such as consumer privacy, reliability of services, data mining and data ownership. The concept of interlucency is developed as an epistemic virtue governing ethically effective communicatio...

We propose a formal framework for interpretable machine learning. Combining elements from statistical learning, causal interventionism, and decision theory, we design an idealized explanation game in which players collaborate to find the best explanation(s) for a given algorithmic prediction. Through an iterative procedure of questions and answers, the players establish a three-dimensional Pareto frontier that describes the optimal trade-offs between explanatory accuracy, simplicity, and relevance. Multiple rounds are played at different levels of abstraction, allowing the players to explore overlapping causal patterns of variable granularity and scope. We characterize the conditions under which such a game is almost surely guaranteed to converge on a (conditionally) optimal explanation surface in polynomial time, and highlight obstacles that will tend to prevent the players from advancing beyond certain explanatory thresholds. The game serves a descriptive and a normative function, establishing a conceptual space in which to analyse and compare existing proposals, as well as design new and improved solutions.

Few techniques for guaranteeing a network lifetime have been proposed despite its great impact on network management. Moreover, since the existing schemes are mostly dependent on the combination of disparate parameters, they do not provide additional services, such as real-time communications and balanced energy consumption among sensor nodes; thus, the adaptability problems remain unresolved among nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). To solve these problems, we propose a novel fuzzy logic model to provide real-time communication in a guaranteed WSN lifetime. The proposed fuzzy logic controller accepts the input descriptors energy, time and velocity to determine each node's role for the next duration and the next hop relay node for real-time packets. Through the simulation results, we verified that both the guaranteed network's lifetime and real-time delivery are efficiently ensured by the new fuzzy logic model. In more detail, the above-mentioned two performance metric...

This paper presents a simple implementation of Seven-Segment Displays in very simple way by using “Altera DE2-115 Board” to understand the idea for those students who are not in the field of Electrical and computer science field. Seven-Segment Displays are used to display input data on FPGA Device. The main focused of this paper is to implement and practice Seven-Segment Displays by using Verilog file in which we must write code in C++ and execution simulations on innumerable counter designs and implement designs on FPGA device utilizing Seven-Segment Displays and Switches. The control consumption and the delay of unit is predictable using the synthesizer “Quartus Prime” and get simulation result by using “ModelSim”.

Similar to decentralized communication systems, a new technology called Blockchain (BC) has the potential to store and manage data in a decentralized manner. By removing the role of third party, all member in the chain has equal access to data. The concept BCT (Blockchain Technology) is not just limited to the cryptocurrencies, but it has been implemented in other areas like e-health, voting, finance, education, smart contract and even in Databases. This paper discusses various Blockchain applications and platforms and then compares these platforms on basis of different parameters. Despite of the advantages, Blockchain faces a significant issue of privacy. This paper examines various security related issues and challenges and presents an account of known possible attacks.

Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks offer very promising solutions to monitor the aqueous environments. Due to the distinctive characteristics of UASNs, it is very challenging to design a routing protocol that can achieve maximum data delivery ratio in the network. The main challenge is the communication medium (acoustic links) that is subject to temporary attenuation and high bit error rate (BER), which limits the throughput efficiency of the Network. Besides this, another major issue is the continuous movement of nodes due to water currents and the availability of limited resources. Due to nodes mobility distance among sensor nodes and consequently, BER varies, which have a direct impact on packet size, hence, leads to high packet loss and low data delivery ratio. To achieve a high data delivery ratio, the selection of optimal packet size is of utmost importance. Consequently, the selection of next-hop forwarding node based on optimal packet size is needed. Therefore, in this pape...

There is a lot of work done in HCI research area, due to this auditory interface develops for visually impaired people that assist them to work with desktop environment easily. To enhance better design, designer faces many challenges to develop auditory feedback system. This study purposed an new method named as adaptive auditory feedback system, which is continuous switching of speech-based feedback system (i.e. sound, music) to non-speech-based feedback system (i.e. spearcone) according to user state of interaction. As a visually impaired person who frequently access desktop system does not need continuous instructions. Experiment done on sixteen visually impaired people and result shows that adaptive auditory feedback system is efficient then only one particular method (speech-based or non-speech-based). User can choose any type of instruction according to need and want that improve usability experience. Result and discussion shows highest satisfaction level of visually impaired ...

Network infrastructure in the data center is getting more complicated due to heavy network traffic, by increasing a network load leads high storage consumption and high deployment cost. We have proposed an effective traffic management mechanism by combining Segment Routing and Multipath Transmission Control Protocol TCP in a logically centralized controller environment. Segment Routing and Multipath TCP is used to define a logically centralized and physically distribution for Software Defined Network SDN. Segment Routing SR technology is used for simplifying Multi-protocol Label Switching MPLS and software- defined network SDN networks. Segment Routing makes it easy to assign a dynamic traffic according to customer’s requirements through the high-level application. This work presents a comprehensive comparison between MPLS and Segment Routing Traffic Engineering, both technologies are implemented in an SDN network environment, based on GNS3 network Emulator as data network Layer, Op...

Abstract Modern network traffic classification puts much attention toward producing a granular classification of the traffic, such as at the application service level. However, the classification process is often impaired by the lack of granular network traffic ground truth. Granular network traffic ground truth is critical to provide a benchmark for a fair evaluation of modern network traffic classification. Nevertheless, in modern network traffic classification, existing ground truth tools only managed to build the ground truth at the application name level at most. Application name level granularity is quickly becoming insufficient to address the current needs of network traffic classification and therefore; this paper presents the design, development and experimental evaluation of Grano-GT, a tool to build a reliable and highly granular network traffic ground truth for encrypted browser-based traffic at the application name and service levels. Grano-GT builds on four main engines which are packet capture, browser, application and service isolator engines. These engines work together to intercept the application requests and combine them with the support of temporal features and cascading filters to produce reliable and highly granular ground truth. Preliminary experimental results show that Grano-GT can classify the Internet traffic into respective application names with high reliability. Grano-GT achieved an average accuracy of more than 95% when validated using nDPI at the application name level. The remaining 5% loss of accuracy was primarily due to the unavailability of signatures in nDPI. In addition, Grano-GT managed to classify application service traffic with significant reliability and validated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.