What Is a Crypto Exchange?
A crypto exchange is a marketplace where you can buy and sell cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin, Ether or Dogecoin.
How Does a Crypto Exchange Work?
Crypto exchanges work a lot like brokerage platforms you may be more familiar with. Each offers a portal where you can create different order types to buy, sell and speculate on cryptocurrencies with other users.
Crypto exchanges can be centralized, meaning they are managed by one corporate authority, like a brokerage company that facilitates the security of trades, or decentralized. Decentralized exchanges generally distribute verification powers to anyone willing to join a network and certify transactions, much like cryptocurrency blockchains themselves. This may help increase accountability and transparency as well as ensure an exchange can keep running if something happens to a company running an exchange.
How Do You Buy Crypto?
To buy cryptocurrency, you’ll need to create an account with a crypto exchange. You may need to obtain a crypto wallet to hold your cryptocurrency, or your exchange may provide one. Be careful when picking a crypto exchange as some, like Robinhood, provide wallets that do not let you transfer your coins off of the platform. This may create security risks, for instance if Robinhood were hacked, or tax issues if you ever wanted to move your crypto off of the platform. You’d have to sell and rebuy your coins, which might cause you to realize some capital gains.
Once you’ve picked an exchange and a wallet, you’ll be able to buy crypto by transferring U.S. dollars into your account via an ACH or wire transfer. You may even be able to buy crypto with a credit or debit card, though this may carry additional fees, some of which can get quite high, possibly up to 5% of your transaction. Some crypto exchanges will let you use other cryptocurrencies or their own branded stablecoins to fund transactions.
Note: If you want to use crypto to save for retirement, you’ll need to open a self-directed individual retirement account (IRA) or a Bitcoin IRA.
How Much Money Do You Need to Buy Crypto?
Exchanges have different requirements, often depending on the type of cryptocurrency you want to buy. You may be able to buy fractional shares of coins for pennies or just a few dollars. Be sure to check your chosen crypto exchange’s requirements for the coin you want to buy.
How Do I Open a Crypto Exchange Account?
To open a crypto exchange account, visit the exchange’s website or download its app. Each crypto exchange has its own unique registration process, and with some, you may be able to make an account and buy and sell small amounts of crypto without verifying your identity or submitting much sensitive information. But as the industry has evolved, the U.S. government has introduced certain Know Your Customer regulations to prevent money laundering and fraud. In general, you’ll need to provide:
- • Name
- • Date of birth
- • Mailing address
- • Social Security number
You may also have to verify your identity by submitting a photo or scan of a government-issued ID.