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The Tanzimat is the name given to the series of Ottoman reforms promulgated during the reigns of Mahmud’s sons Abdülmecid I (ruled 1839–61) and Abdülaziz (1861–76). The best-known of these reforms are the Hatt-ı Şerif of Gülhane (“Noble Edict of the Rose Chamber”; November 3, 1839) and the Hatt-ı Hümayun (“Imperial Edict”; February 18, 1856).
Articles from Britannica encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.
The Ottoman Empire began in what is now Turkey in about 1300. Eventually, it grew to cover much of the Middle East, southeastern Europe, and North Africa. During the 1400s and 1500s the Ottoman Empire was one of the world’s great powers. In the 1900s the remains of the empire became the Republic of Turkey.
Early in the 14th century the Turkish tribal chieftain Othman, or Osman, founded an empire in western Anatolia (Asia Minor) that was to endure for almost six centuries. As this empire grew by conquering lands of the Byzantine Empire and beyond, it came to include at the height of its power all of Asia Minor; the countries of the Balkan Peninsula; the islands of the eastern Mediterranean; parts of Hungary and Russia; Iraq, Syria, the Caucasus, Palestine, and Egypt; part of Arabia; and all of North Africa through Algeria. (See also Balkans.)
"Ottoman Empire." Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2014. Web. 07 Oct. 2014. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/434996/Ottoman-Empire>.
Ottoman Empire. (2014). In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/434996/Ottoman-Empire
Ottoman Empire 2014. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 07 October, 2014, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/434996/Ottoman-Empire
Encyclopædia Britannica Online, s. v. "Ottoman Empire," accessed October 07, 2014, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/434996/Ottoman-Empire.
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